Optimal overlayer inspired by photuris firefly improves light-extraction efficiency of existing light-emitting diodes

Optics Express

Volumn 21, Issue 101, 2013, Pages A179-A189

  Bay, Annick ^a   André, Nicolas ^b   Sarrazin, Michaël ^a   Belarouci, Ali ^c   Aimez, Vincent ^c   Francis, Laurent A ^b,c   Vigneron, Jean Pol ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAMUR   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT)   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLUMINESCENCE; DESIGN; DIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; OPTIMIZATION; REFRACTIVE INDEX;

ACTIVE MATERIAL; BIO-INSPIRED; DIODE DESIGN; DIODE STACKS; HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX; LIGHT EXTRACTION; LIGHT-EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY; MATERIAL COMPOSITIONS; TWO-DIMENSIONAL PATTERNS; FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS;

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

GALLIUM; GALLIUM NITRATE; INDIUM;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FIREFLY; LIGHT; REFRACTOMETRY; SEMICONDUCTOR;

ANIMALS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FIREFLIES; GALLIUM; INDIUM; LIGHT; REFRACTOMETRY; SEMICONDUCTORS;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84872707022     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.00A179     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. A. Zhmakin, “Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes, ” Phys. Rep. 498, 189-241 (2011).
2. C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal leds designing light extraction, ” Laser Photon. Rev. 3, 262-286 (2009).
3. G. Wu, C. Yen, H. Chien, H. Lu, T. Chang, and T. Nee, “Effects of nano-structured photonic crystals on light extraction enhancement of nitride light-emitting diodes, ” Thin Solid Films 519, 5074-5077 (2011).
4. J.-Y. Cho, S.-H. Hong, K.-J. Byeon, and H. Lee, “Light extraction efficiency improvement in GaN-based blue light emitting diode with two-dimensional nano-cavity structure, ” Thin Solid Films 521, 115-118 (2012).
5. Y. Jin, F. Yang, Q. Li, Z. Zhu, J. Zhu, and S. Fan, “Enhanced light extraction from a GaN-based green light-emitting diode with hemicylindrical linear grating structure, ” Opt. Express 20, 15818—15825 (2011).
6. Z. Zuo, D. Liu, B. Zhang, J. He, H. Liu, and X. Xu, “Increasing the extraction efficiency of blue light emitting diodes via laser patterned Ga-polar p-GaN surface, ” Phys. Status Solidi A 208, 2226-2230 (2011).
7. S. Chhajed, W. Lee, J. Cho, E. Schubert, and J. Kim, “Strong light extraction enhancement in GalnN light-emitting diodes by using self-organized nanoscale patterning of p-type GaN, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 071102 (2011).
8. Y. Zhang, H. X. H. Zheng, T. Wei, H. Yang, J. Li, X. Yi, X. Song, G. Wang, and J. Li, “Light extraction efficiency improvement by multiple laser stealth dicing in InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes, ” Opt. Express 20, 6808-6815 (2012).
9. T Wei, Q. Kong, J. Wang, J. Li, Y. Zeng, G. Wang, J. Li, Y. Liao, and F. Yi, “Improving light extraction of InGaN-based light emitting diodes with a roughened p-GaN surface using CsCI nano-islands, ” Opt. Express 19, 1065-1071 (2011).
10. Z. Yin, X. Liu, Y. Wu, X. Hao, and X. Xu, “Enhancement of light extraction in InGaN-based light-emitting diodes using rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays, ” Opt. Express 20, 1013-1021 (2012).
11. J. Son, H. Yu, and J.-L. Lee, “MgO nano-pyramids structure for enhancement of light extraction efficiency in vertical light-emitting diodes, ” Opt. Express 18, A403-A410 (2010).
12. J. Chen, Q. Wang, and H. Li, “Enhancement of extraction efficiency by metallic photonic crystal embedding in light-emitting diode, ” Optik 122, 1079-1083 (2011).
13. C. -W. Hsu, Y.-C. Lee, H.-L. Chen, and Y.-F. Chou, “Optimizing textured structures possessing both optical gradient and diffraction properties to increase the extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes, ” Phot. Nano. Fund. Appl. 10, 523-533 (2012).
14. M. Ma, F. Mont, X. Yan, J. Cho, E. Schubert, G. Kim, and C. Sone, “Effects of the refractive index of the encapsulant onthe light-extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes, ” Opt. Express 19, A1135-A1140 (2011).
15. R. Dylewicz, A. Khokhar, R. Wasielewski, P. Mazur, and F. Rahman, “Nanostructured graded-index antireflection layer formation on InGaN for enhancing light extraction from light-emitting diodes, ” Appl. Phys. B 107, 393399 (2012).
16. V. Lysak, J. H. Kang, and C.-H. Hong, “Air-structured embedded mirror for enhancement of light extraction efficiency in vertical light-emitting diodes, ” Optoelectron. Adv. Mat. 5, 481-483 (2011).
17. J.-M. Park, Z. Gan, W. Leung, R. Liu, Z. Ye, K. Constant, J. Shinar, R. Shinar, and K.-M. Ho, “Soft holographic interference lithography microlens for enhanced organic light emitting diode light extraction, ” Opt. Express 19, A786-A792 (2011).
18. Y.-C. Lee, C.-H. Ni, and C.-Y. Chen, “Enhancing light extraction mechanisms of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes through the Integration of imprinting microstructures, patterned sapphire substrates, and surface rough-ness, ” Opt. Express 18, A489-A498 (2010).
19. X.-H. Li, R. Song, Y.-K. Ee, P Kumnorkaew, J. Gilchrist, N. Tansu, “Light extraction efficiency andradiation patterns of iii-nitride light-emitting diodes with colloidal microlens arrays with various aspect ratios, ” IEEE Photon. J. 3, 489-499 (2011).
20. P. Zhao and H. Zhao, “Analysis of light extraction efficiency enhancement for thin-fil-flip-chip InGaNquanturn wells light-emitting diodes with GaN micro-domes, ” Opt. Express 20, A765-A776 (2012).
21. J.-W. Pan and C.-S. Wang, “Light extraction efficiency of GaN-based led with pyramid texture by using ray path analysis, ” Opt. Express 20, A630-A640 (2012).
22. A. Bay, P. Cloetens, H. Suhonen, and J. P. Vigneron, “Optical structures used for light extraction in the biolumi-nescent lantern of Photuris fireflies (Lampyridae), ” (2012). ArXiv:1209.4298 [physics.optics].
23. A. Bay and J. P. Vigneron, “Light extraction from the bioluminescent organs of fireflies, ” Proc. SPIE 7041, 1-12 (2009).
24. A. Bay, M. Sarrazin, and J. P Vigneron, “Light extraction: What we can learn from fireflies, ” (2012). ArXiv:1209.4286 [physics.optics].
25. I. Sollas, “On the Identification of chitin by its physical constants, ” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 79, 474—481 (1907).
26. J. Vigneron, F. Forati, D. Andre, A. Castiaux, I. Derycke, and A. Dereux, “Theory of electromagnetic energy transfer in three-dimensional structures, ” Ultramicroscopy 61, 21-27 (1995).
27. J. Vigneron and V. Lousse, “Variation of a photonic crystal color with the miller indices of the exposed surface, ” Proc. SPIE 6128, 61281G (2006).
28. P. Eliseev, G. Smolyakov, and M. Osinski, “Ghost modes and resonant effects in AlGaN-InGaN-GaN lasers, ” IEEE J. Sei. Top. Quantum Electron. 5, 771-779 (1999).
29. D. Lynch, W. Hunter, and E. Palik, Handhook of Optical Constants ofSolids II (Academic Press, Inc., 1991). “Microchemicals, optical parameters of photoresists, ” (2010). Www.microchemicals.eu/technicaLinformation.
30. W. C. Chong and K. M. Lau, “Comparison of Ni/Au, ITO, and ATO-based current spreading layers for near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, ” Phys. Stat. Sol. 4, 2646-2649 (2007).
31. J.-H. Ho, C. C. Chiu, C.-N. Huang, C.-Y. Chen, and K.-K. Shih, “Low-resistance ohmic contacts to p-type GaN, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1275-1277 (1999).
32. P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, “Photonic structures in biology, ” Nature 424, 852-855 (2003).
33. M. Kolle, P. M. Salgard-Cunha, M. R. J. Scherer, F. Huang, P. Vukusic, S. Mahajan, J. J. Baumberg, and U. Steiner, “Mimicking the colourful wing scale structure of the papilio blumei butterfly, ” Nature Nanotech. 5, 511-515 (2010).