Foreign accent syndrome: A multimodal evaluation in the search of neuroscience-driven treatments

Neuropsychologia

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 520-537

  Moreno Torres, Ignacio ^a   Berthier, Marcelo L ^a   Mar Cid, Maria del ^a   Green, Cristina ^b   Gutiérrez, Antonio ^a   García Casares, Natalia ^a   Froudist Walsh, Seán ^c   Nabrozidis, Alejandro ^a   Sidorova, Julia ^d   Dávila, Guadalupe ^a   Carnero Pardo, Cristóbal ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL QUIRÓN   (Spain)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LAS NIEVES   (Spain)

Author keywords

Foreign accent syndrome; Motor speech disorder; Neuroimaging; Stroke

Indexed keywords

5,10 METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (FADH2); ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 12; CLOPIDOGREL; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

5,10 METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; ADULT; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ANTERIOR INSULA; ARTICLE; BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN REGION; BRODMANN AREA 10; BRODMANN AREA 13; BRODMANN AREA 25; BRODMANN AREA 47; BRODMANN AREA 6; BRODMANN AREA 9; CASE REPORT; CEREBELLUM VERMIS; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DYSPHAGIA; FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; FOREIGN ACCENT SYNDROME; FRONTAL OPERCULUM; GENE MUTATION; HERPES LABIALIS; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MOTIVATION; MUTISM; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARESTHESIA; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SPEECH AND LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT; SPEECH ARTICULATION; SPEECH DISORDER; SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; TASTE DISORDER; VERBAL COMMUNICATION;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COMMUNICATION; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED; MULTILINGUALISM; NEUROSCIENCES; PSYCHOLOGY; READING; SPEECH; SPEECH DISORDERS;

EID: 84872232180     PISSN: 00283932     EISSN: 18733514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.010     Document Type: Article

References (188)

1. Ackermann H., Riecker A. The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: A review and a hypothesis. Brain and Language 2004, 89(2):320-328.
2. Ackermann H., Riecker A. The contribution(s) of the insula to speech production: A review of the clinical and functional imaging literature. Brain Structure and Function 2010, 214(5-6):419-433.
3. Ackermann H., Hertrich I., Ziegler W. Prosodische Störungen bei neurologische Erkrankungen-eine Literaturübersicht. Fortschritte der Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1993, 61:241-253.
4. Adank P., Evans B.G., Stuart-Smith J., Scott S.K. Comprehension of familiar and unfamiliar native accents under adverse listening conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2009, 35(2):520-529.
5. Alario F.X., Goslin J., Michel V., Laganaro M. The functional origin of the foreign accent: Evidence from the syllable-frequency effect in bilingual speakers. Psychological Sciences 2010, 21(1):15-20.
6. Amunts K., Lenzen M., Friederici A.D., Schleicher A., Morosan P., Palomero-Gallagher N., et al. Broca's region: Novel organizational principles and multiple receptor mapping. PLoS Biology 2010, 8(9):e1000489. Sep 21.
7. Ardila A. The role of insula in language: An unsettled question. Aphasiology 1999, 13(1):79-87.
8. Ardila A., Rosselli M., Ardila O. Foreign accent: An aphasic epiphenomenon?. Aphasiology 1988, 2:493-499.
9. Asensi L., Portolés S., del Río A. Barra de explosión VOT y frecuencia de las oclusivas sordas en castellano. Estudios de Fonética Experimental 1997, 9:221-242.
10. Augustine J.R. Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans. Brain Research Brain Research Review 1996, 22(3):229-244.
11. Avila C., González J., Parcet M.-A., Belloch V. Selective alteration of native, but not second language articulation in a patient with foreign accent syndrome. Neuroreport 2004, 15(14):2267-2270.
12. Aziz-Zadeh L., Sheng T., Gheytanchi A. Common premotor regions for the perception and production of prosody and correlations with empathy and prosodic ability. PLoS One 2010, 5:e8759.
13. Bagby R.M., Parker J.D.A., Taylor G.J. The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1994, 38(1):23-32.
14. Baldo J.V., Wilkins D.P., Oger J., Willock S., Dronkers N.F. Role of the precentral gyrus of the insula in complex articulation. Cortex 2011, 47(7):800-807.
15. Basser P.J., Matiello J., Le Bihan D.E. Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo. Journal of Magnetic Resonance B 1994, 103(3):247-254.
16. Beck A.T., Weissman A., Lester D., Trexler L.J. The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness scales. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1974, 42(6):861-865.
17. Benarroch E.E. Acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. Effects and clinical implications. Neurology 2010, 75(7):659-665.
18. Benson R.R., Whalen D.H., Richardson M., Swainson B., Clark V.P., Lai S., et al. Parametrically dissociating speech and nonspeech perception in the brain using fMRI. Brain and Language 2001, 78(3):364-396.
19. Berthier M., Starkstein S., Leiguarda R. Behavioral effects of damage to the right insula and surrounding regions. Cortex 1987, 23:673-678.
20. Berthier M.L. Foreign accent syndrome. Neurology 1994, 44(5):990-991.
21. Berthier M.L., García-Casares N., Walsh S.F., Nabrozidis A., Ruíz de Mier R.J., Green C., et al. Recovery from post-stroke aphasia: Lessons from brain imaging and implications for rehabilitation and biological treatments. Discovery Medicine 2011, 12(65):275-289.
22. Berthier M.L., Pulvermüller F. Neuroscience insights improve neurorehabilitation of poststroke aphasia. Nature Review Neurology 2011, 7(2):86-97.
23. Berthier M.L., Ruiz A., Massone M.I., Starkstein S.E., Leiguarda R.C. Foreign accent syndrome: Behavioural and anatomical findings in recovered and non-recovered patients. Aphasiology 1991, 5:129-147.
24. Blumstein S.E., Alexander M.P., Ryalls J.H., Katz W., Dworetzky B. On the nature of the FAS: A case study. Brain and Language 1987, 31:215-244.
25. Blumstein S.E., Kurowsky K. The foreign accent syndrome. A perspective. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:346-355.
26. Boatman D., Gordon B., Stone M., Anderson S. Studies of articulatory timing in normal and foreign accent syndrome speech. Brain and Language 1994, 47:549-552.
27. Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2010). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.1.25) [Computer program]. Retrieved January 20, 2010, from http://www.praat.org/.
28. Boula de Mareüil P., Vieru-Dimulescu B. The contribution of prosody to the perception of foreign accent. Phonetica 2006, 63(4):247-267.
29. Brady M.C., Clark A.M., Dickson S., Paton G., Barbour R.S. The impact of stroke-related dysarthria on social participation and implications for rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation 2011, 33(3):178-186.
30. Carbary T.J., Patterson J.P., Snyder P.J. Foreign Accent Syndrome following a catastrophic second injury: MRI correlates, linguistic and voice pattern analyses. Brain and Cognition 2000, 43:78-85.
31. Catani M., Dell'Acqua F., Vergani F., Malik F., Hodge H., Roy P., et al. Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain. Cortex 2012, 48(2):273-291.
32. Catani M., Thiebaut de Schotten M. A diffusion tensor atlas for virtual in vivo dissections. Cortex 2008, 44:1105. -32.
33. Cavada C., Compañy T., Tejedor R.J., Cruz-Rizzolo, Reinoso-Suárez F. The anatomical connections of the macaque monkey orbitofrontal córtex. A review. Cerebral Cortex 2000, 10(3):220-242.
34. Christoffels I.K., Formisano E., Schiller N.O. Neural correlates of verbal feedback processing: An fMRI study employing overt speech. Human Brain Mapping 2007, 28:868-879.
35. Clark J., Yallop C., Fletcher J. An introduction to phonetics and phonology 2007, Blackwell, Oxford. 3rd ed.
36. Cloutman L.L., Binney R.J., Drakesmith M., Parker G.J., Lambon Ralph M.A. The variation of function across the human insula mirrors its patterns of structural connectivity: Evidence from in vivo probabilistic tractography. Neuroimage 2012, 59(4):3514-3521.
37. Coelho C.A., Robb M.P. Acoustic analysis of foreign accent syndrome: An examination of three exploratory models. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 2001, 9:227-242.
38. Cohen A.S., Docherty N.M. Effects of positive effect on speech disorders in schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 2005, 193:839-842.
39. Cohen D.A., Kurowski K., Steven M.S., Blumstein S.E., Pascual-Leone A. Paradoxical facilitation: The resolution of foreign accent syndrome after cerebellar stroke. Neurology 2009, 73(7):566-567.
40. Coleman J.S., Gurd J.M. Introduction to the theme issue on foreign accent syndrome. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:341-345.
41. Coughlan T., Lawson S., O'Neill D. French without tears? Foreign accent syndrome. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2004, 97(5):242-324.
42. Craig A.D. How do you feel-now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Review Neuroscience 2009, 10(1):59-70.
43. Critchley, M. (1962). Regional accent, demotic speech and aphasia (Livre Jubilaire de Ludo van Bogaert, Antwerp), pp. 182-191.
44. Crosson B., Sadek J.R., Maron L., Gökçay D., Mohr C.M., Auerbach E.J., et al. Relative shift in acitivity from medial to lateral frontal cortex during internally versus externally guided word generation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2001, 13(2):272-283.
45. Cuenca Villarin M.H., Barrio M. Acoustic markers of prosodic boundaries in Spanish spontaneous alaryngeal speech. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 2010, 24:859-869.
46. Dai K. Early diagnosis of autism through analysis of pre-speech vocalizations. Journal of ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing 2007, 89:42-46.
47. Dankovičová J., Gurd J.M., Marshall J.C., MacMahon M.K.C., Stuarth-Smith J., Coleman J.S., et al. Aspects on non-native pronunciation in a case of altered accent following stroke (foreign accent syndrome). Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 2001, 15:195-218.
48. Dankovičová J., Hunt C. Perception of foreign accent syndrome speech and its relation to segmental characteristics. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 2011, 25:85-120.
49. Deen B., Pistkel N.B., Pelphrey K.A. Three systems of insular functional connectivity identified with cluster analysis. Cerebral Cortex 2011, 21(7):1498-1506.
50. Dosenbach N.U., Fair D.A., Miezin F.M., Cohen A.L., Wenger K.K., Dosenbach R.A. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 2007, 104(26):11073-11078.
51. Dronkers N. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 1996, 384(6605):159-161.
52. Edwards R.J., Patel N.K., Pople I.K. Foreign accent following brain injury: Syndrome or epiphenomenon?. European Neurology 2005, 53(2):87-91.
53. Eickhoff S.B., Heim S., Zilles K., Amunts K. A systems perspective on the effective connectivity of overt speech production. Philosophical Transactions Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences 2009, 367(1896):2399-2421. Jun 13.
54. Ejiri K. Synchronization between preverbal vocalizations and motor actions in early infancy. Pre-canonical babbling vocalizations synchronize with rhythmic body movements before the onset of canonical babbling. The Japanese Journal of Psychology 1998, 68:433-440.
55. Ellis C., Rosenbek J.C., Rittman M.R., Boylstein C.A. Recovery of cohesion in narrative discourse after left hemisphere stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 2005, 42(6):737-746.
56. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1999). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders-clinician version (SCID-CV) (Spanish version). MASSON, S.A.
57. Flynn F.G., Benson D.F., Ardila A. Anatomy of the insula-functional and clinical correlates. Aphasiology 1999, 13:55-78.
58. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. "Mini mental state": A practical method for rating the cognitive state for clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975, 12:189-198.
59. Ford A., McGregor K.M., Case K., Crosson B., White K.D. Structural connectivity of Broca's area and medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage 2010, 52(4):1230-1237.
60. Fox S., Armstrong E., Boles L. Conversational treatment in mild aphasia: A case study. Aphasiology 2009, 23:951-964.
61. France D.J., Shiavi R.G., Silverman S., Silverman M., Wilkes D.M. Acoustical properties of speech as indicators of depression and suicidal risk. IEEE Transactions on Biometrical Engineering 2000, 47:829-837.
62. Fridriksson J., Ryalls J., Rorden C., Morgan P.S., George M.S., Baylis G.C. Brain damage and cortical compensation in foreign accent syndrome. Neurocase 2005, 11(5):319-324.
63. Golfinopoulos E., Tourville J.A., Bohland J.W., Ghosh S.S., Nieto-Castanon A., Guenther F.H. fMRI investigations of unexpected somatosensory feedback perturbation during speech. Neuroimage 2011, 55(3):1324-1338.
64. González-Alvarez J., Parcet-Ibars M.A., Ávila C., Geffner-Sclarsky D. A rare neurologically originated speech disorder: Foreign accent syndrome. Revista de Neurología 2003, 36:227-234.
65. Graff-Radford N.R., Cooper W.E., Colsher P.L., Damasio A.R. An unlearned foreign 'accent' in a patient with aphasia. Brain and Language 1996, 28(1):86-94.
66. Gratton C., Nomura E.M., Pérez F., D'Esposito M. Focal brain lesions to critical locations cause widespread disruption of the modular organization of the brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2012, 24:1275-1285.
67. Greenhalgh J. (2011). A curious case of foreign accent syndrome http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/06/01/136824428/.
68. Gurd J.M., Bessell N.J., Bladon R.A., Bamford J.M. A case of FAS, with follow-up clinical, neuropsychological and phonetic descriptions. Neuropsychologia 1988, 26(2):237-251.
69. Gurd J.M., Coleman J.S. Foreign accent syndrome: Best practice, theoretical issues and outstanding questions. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:424-429.
70. Habib M., Daquin G., Milandre L., Royere M.L., Rey M., Lanteri A., et al. Mutism and auditory agnosia due to bilateral insular damage-role of the insula in human communication. Neuropsychologia 1995, 33(3):327-339.
71. Hamani C., Mayberg H., Stone S., Laxton A., Haber S., Lozano A.M. The subcallosal cingulate gyrus in the context of major depression. Biological Psychiatry 2011, 69(4):301-308.
72. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1960, 23:56-62.
73. Heilman K.M., Leon S.A., Rosenbek J.C. Affective aprosodia from a medial frontal stroke. Brain and Language 2004, 89(3):411-416.
74. Hickok G., Houde J., Rong F. Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: Computational basis and neural organization. Neuron 2011, 69(3):407-422.
75. Hillis A.E., Work M., Barker P.B., Jacobs M.A., Breese E.L., Maurer K. Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation. Brain 2004, 127(Pt 7):1479-1487.
76. Hoekert M., Vingerhoets G., Aleman A. Results of a pilot study on the involvement of bilateral inferior frontal gyri in emotional prosody perception: An rTMS study. BMC Neuroscience 2010, 11:93.
77. Hong J.H., Jang S.H. Neural pathway from nucleus basalis of Meynert passing through the cingulum in the human brain. Brain Research 2010, 1346:190-194.
78. Hwang C., Lin M., Lin S. Pure foreign accent syndrome: A case report. Acta Neurologica Taiwanica 2001, 10:196-201.
79. Indefrey P., Levelt W.J. The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components. Cognition 2004, 92(1-2):101-144.
80. Ingram J.L.C., McCormack P.F., Kennedy M. Phonetic analysis of a case of foreign accent syndrome. Journal of Phonetics 1992, 20:457-474.
81. Jones C.J., Ward J., Critchley H.D. The neuropsychological impact of insular cortex lesions. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2010, 81(6):611-618.
82. Jones H.N., Story T.J., Collins T.A., Dejoy D., Edwards C.L. Multidisciplinary assessment and diagnosis of conversion disorder in a patient with foreign accent syndrome. Behavioural Neurology 2011, 24(3):245-255.
83. Jorge R.E., Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G. Apathy following stroke. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2010, 55(6):350-354.
84. Kapur N. Paradoxical functional facilitation in brain-behaviour research. A critical review. Brain 1996, 119(Pt 5):1775-1790.
85. Katz W.F., Garst D.M., Briggs R.W., Cheshkov S., Ringe W., Gopinath K.S., et al. Neural bases of the foreign accent syndrome: A functional magnetic resonance imaging case study. Neurocase 2011, 13. i-First 1.
86. Katz W.F., Garst D.M., Levitt J. The role of prosody in a case of foreign accent syndrome (FAS). Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 2008, 22(7):537-566.
87. Kay J., Lesser R., Coltheart M. Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia. (PALPA) 1992, Lawrence Erlbaum Associated Ltd, Hove, UK.
88. Kertesz A. The western aphasia battery 1982, Grune & Stratton, New York.
89. Kertesz, A., Pascual-Leone Pascual, A., & Pascual-Leone García, A. (1990). Batería de afasias "Western" (Western Aphasia Battery en versión y adaptación castellana). Valencia, Spain: Nau Llibres.
90. Kirchner R. Phonological contrast and articulatory effort. Segmental phonology in optimality theory: Constraints and representations 2001, 79-117. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. L. Lombardi (Ed.).
91. Klein T.A., Endrass T., Kathmann N., Neumann J., von Cramon D.Y., Ullsperger M. Neural correlates of error awareness. Neuroimage 2007, 34(4):1774-1781.
92. Kurowsky K.M., Blumstein S.E., Alexander M. The foreign accent syndrome: A reconsideration. Brain and Language 1996, 54(1):1-25.
93. Lambon Ralph M.A. Measuring language recovery in the underlying large-scale neural network: Pulling together in the face of adversity. Annals of Neurology 2010, 68(5):570-572.
94. LeBihan D. Looking in to the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI. Nature Review Neuroscience 2003, 4:469-480.
95. Levelt W.J.M. Speaking: From intention to articulation 1989, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
96. Levy R., Dubois B. Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits. Cerebral Cortex 2006, 16(7):916-928.
97. Lippert-Gruener M., Weinert U., Greisbach T., Wedekind C. Foreign accent syndrome following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2005, 19(11):955-958.
98. Lippi-Green R. Accent, standard language ideology, and discriminatory pretext in the courts. Language in Society 1994, 23:163-198.
99. Luzzi S., Viticchi G., Piccirilli M., Fabi K., Pesallaccia M., Bartolini M., et al. Foreign accent syndrome as the initial sign of primary progressive aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2008, 79(1):79-81.
100. MacNeilage P.F. The frame/content view of speech: What survives, what emerges. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1998, 21(4):532-538.
101. MacNeilage P.F. The origin of speech 2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
102. Makris N., Pandya D.N. The extreme capsule in humans and rethinking of the language circuitry. Brain Structure and Function 2009, 213:343-358.
103. Marie P. Presentation de malades atteints d'anarthrie par lesion de l'hemisphere gauche du cerveau. Bulletins et Memoires Societe Medicale des Hopitaux de Paris 1907, 1:158-160.
104. Mariën P., Verhoeven J. Cerebellar involvement in motor speech planning: Some further evidence from foreign accent syndrome. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2007, 59(4):210-217.
105. Mariën P., Verhoeven J., Engelborghs S., Rooker S., Pickut B.A., De Deyn P.P. A role for the cerebellum in motor speech planning: Evidence from foreign accent syndrome. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2006, 108(5):518-522.
106. Mariën P., Verhoeven J., Wackenier P., Engelborghs S., De Deyn P.P. Foreign accent syndrome as a developmental motor speech disorder. Cortex 2009, 45(7):870-878.
107. Martínez Celdrán, E. (1998). Análisis espectrográfico de los sonidos del habla. Madrid: Ariel.
108. McClung J.S., Gonzalez Rothi L.J., Nadeau S.E. Ambient experience in restitutive treatment of aphasia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2010, 4:183.
109. McGuire P.K., Silbersweigh D.A., Frith C.D. Functional neuroanatomy of verbal self-monitoring. Brain 1996, 119(Pt3):907-917.
110. Menon V., Uddin L.Q. Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function. Brain Structure and Function 2010, 214(5-6):655-667.
111. Mesulam M.M. The cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex. Progress in Brain Research 2004, 145:67-78.
112. Mesulam M.M., Mufson E.J. The insula of reil in man and monkey. Architectonics, connectivity, and function. Cerebral Cortex 1985, 4:179-226. Plenum Publishing Corporation.
113. Mesulam M.M., Volicer L., Marquis J.K., Mufson E.J., Green R.C. Systematic regional differences in the cholinergic innervation of the primate cerebral cortex: Distribution of enzyme activities and some behavioural implications. Annals of Neurology 1986, 19(2):144-151.
114. Meyer M., Steinhauer K., Alter K., Friederici A.D., von Cramon D.Y. Brain activity varies with modulation of dynamic pitch variance in sentence melody. Brain and Language 2004, 89(2):277-289.
115. Miller N., Lowit A., O'Sullivan H. What makes acquired foreign accent syndrome foreign?. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:385-409.
116. Miller N., Taylor J., Howe C., Read J. Living with foreign accent syndrome: Insider perspectives. Aphasiology 2011, 25(9):1053-1068.
117. Miralles J.L., Cervera T. Voice intelligibility in patients who have undergone laryngectomies. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1995, 38:564-571.
118. Moen I. Foreign accent syndrome: A review of contemporary explanations. Aphasiology 2000, 14:5-15.
119. Moen I. Analysis of a case of the foreign accent syndrome in terms of the framework of gestural phonology. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:410-423.
120. Monfort M. (1989). Registro fonológico inducido. Madrid, Spain: CEPE.
121. Monrad-Krohn G.H. Dysprosody or altered melody of language. Brain 1947, 70:405-415.
122. Moonis M., Swearer J.M., Blumstein S.E., Kurowski K., Licho R., Kramer P., et al. Foreign accent syndrome following a closed head injury: Perfusion deficit on single photon emission tomography with normal magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology 1996, 9:272-279.
123. Morecraft R.J., Geula C., Mesulam M.-M. Cytoarchitecture and neural afferentes of orbitofrontal cortex in the brain of the monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1992, 323(3):341-358.
124. Mutschler I., Wieckhorst B., Kowalevski S., Derix J., Wentlandt J., Schulze-Bonhage A., et al. Functional organization of the human anterior insular cortex. Neuroscience Letters 2009, 457(2):66-70.
125. Naidich T.P., Kang E., Fatterpekar G.M., Delman B.N., Gultekin S.H., Wolfe D., et al. The insula: Anatomic study and MR imaging display at 1.5T. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 2004, 25:222-232.
126. Naidoo R., Warriner E.M., Oczkowski W.J., Sévigny A., Humphreys K.R. A case of foreign accent syndrome resulting in regional dialect. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2008, 35:360-365.
127. Nelson S.M., Dosenbach N.U., Cohen A.L., Wheeler M.E., Schlaggar B.L., Petersen S.E. Role of the anterior insula in task-level control and focal attention. Brain Structure and Function 2010, 214:669-680.
128. Pao, T.-L. Chen, Y.-T., & Yeh,J.-H. (2008). Comparison of classification methods for detecting emotion from Mandarin speech. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E91-D, pp. 1074-1081.
129. Pashek G.V., Bachman D.L. Cognitive, linguistic, and motor speech effects of donepezil hydrochloride in a patient with stroke-related aphasia and apraxia of speech. Brain and Language 2003, 87:179-180.
130. Peña-Casanova J., Quiñones-Ubeda S., Quintana-Aparicio M., Aguilar M., Badenes D., Molinuevo J.L., et al. Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project): Norms for verbal span, visuospatial span, letter and number sequencing, trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009, 24:321-341.
131. Pederson E., Guion-Anderson S.G. Orienting attention during phonetic training facilitates learning. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 2010, 127:1-6.
132. Picard R.W. Affective computing 1997, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
133. Pick A. Über Änderungen des Sprachcharakters als Beleiterscheinung aphasisscher Störungen. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1919, 45:230-241.
134. Poulin S., Macoir J., Paquet N., Fossard M., Gagnon L. Psychogenic or neurogenic of agrammatism and foreign accent syndrome in a bipolar patient: A case report. Annals of General Psychiatry 2007, 6:1.
135. Price C.J., Warburton E.A., Moore C.J., Frackowiak R.S., Friston K.J. Dynamic diaschisis: Anatomically remote and context-sensitive human brain lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2001, 13:419-429.
136. Prieto P., Vanrell M.M., Astruc Ll., Payne E., Post B. Phonotactic and phrasal properties of speech rhythm. Evidence from Catalan, English, and Spanish. Speech Communication 2012, 54:681-702.
137. Pulvermüller F., Berthier M.L. Aphasia therapy on a neuroscience basis. Aphasiology 2008, 22:563-599.
138. Quinlan J.R. C4.5: Programs for machine learning 1993, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos: CA.
139. Recasens D., Espinosa A. Dispersion and variability of Catalan vowels. Speech Communication 2006, 48:645-666.
140. Reeves R.R., Burke R.S., Parker J.D. Characteristics of psychotic patients with foreign accent syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2007, 19(1):70-76.
141. Reeves R.R., Norton J.W. Foreign accent-like syndrome during psychotic excerbations. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology 2001, 14(2):135-138.
142. Riecker A., Mathiak K., Wildgruber D., Erb M., Hertrich I., Grodd W., Ackermann H. fMRI reveals two distinct cerebral networks subserving speech motor control. Neurology 2005, 64:700-706.
143. Robinson R.G. Poststroke depression: Prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression. Biological Psychiatry 2003, 54(3):376-387.
144. Rosen S. Temporal information in speech: Acoustic, auditory and linguistic aspects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 1992, 336:367-373.
145. Ross E.D., Monnot M. Neurology of affective prosody and its functional-anatomic organization in right hemisphere. Brain and Language 2008, 104(1):51-74.
146. Roth E.J., Fink K., Cherney L.R., Hall K.D. Reversion to a previously learned foreign accent after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997, 78:550-552.
147. Russell R.W., Escobar M.L., Booth R.A., Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Accelerating behavioral recovery after cortical lesions. II. In vivo evidence for cholinergic involvement. Behavioral and Neural Biology 1994, 61(1):81-92.
148. Ryalls J., Reinvang I. Some further notes on Monrad-Krohn's case study of foreign accent syndrome. Folia Phoniatrica 1985, 37:160-162.
149. Schmid P.M., Yeni-Komshian G.H. The effects of speaker accent and target predictability on perception of mispronunciations. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 1999, 42(1):56-64.
150. Scott S.K., Cleeg F., Rudge P., Burgess P. Foreign accent syndrome, speech rhythm and the functional anatomy of speech production. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:370-384.
151. Seddoh S.A. How discrete or independent are "affective prosody" and "linguistic prosody". Aphasiology 2002, 683-692.
152. Selden N.R., Gitelman D.R., Salamon-Murayama N., Parrish T.B., Mesulam M.M. Trajectories of cholinergic pathways within the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. Brain 1998, 121(Pt 12):2249-2257.
153. Shuren J. Insula and aphasia. Journal of Neurology 1993, 240(4):216-218.
154. Sidorova J. Optimization techniques for speech emotion recognition 2010, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Berlin.
155. Simić G., Mrzljak L., Fucić A., Winblad B., Lovrić H., Kostović I. Nucleus subputaminalis (Ayala): The still disregarded magnocellular component of the basal forebrain may be human specific and connected with the cortical speech area. Neuroscience 1999, 89(1):73-89.
156. Simmonds A.J., Wise R.J., Leech R. Two tongues, one brain: Imaging bilingual speech production. Frontiers in Psychology 2011, 2:166.
157. Smith S.M., Jenkinson M., Woolrich M.W., Beckmann C.F., Behrens T.E.J., Johansen-Berg H., et al. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage 2004, 23(S1):208-219.
158. Sonntag G.P., Portele T. PURR- a method for prosody evaluation and investigation. Journal of Computer Speech and Language 1998, 12:437-451.
159. Sörös P., Sokoloff L.G., Bose A., McIntosh A.R., Graham S.J., Stuss D.T. Clustered functional MRI of overt speech production. Neuroimage 2006, 32(1):376-387.
160. Spielberger C.D., Gorsuch R.L., Lushene R.E. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory 1970, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto.
161. Starkstein S.E., Berthier M., Leiguarda R. Bilateral opercular syndrome and "crossed aphemia" due to a right insular lesion: A clinicopathological. Brain and Language 1988, 34:253-261.
162. Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G. Depression and aphasia. Aphasiology 1988, 2:1-20.
163. Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G., Berthier M.L. Post-stroke hallucinatory delusional syndromes. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology 1992, 5:114-118.
164. Starkstein S.E., Cohen B.S., Fedoroff P., Parikh R.M., Price T.R., Robinson R.G. Relationship between anxiety disorders and depressive disorders in patients with cerebrovascular injury. Archives of General Psychiatry 1990, 47(3):246-251.
165. Swartz R.H., Sahlas D.J., Black S.E. Strategic involvement of cholinergic pathways and executive dysfunction: Does location of white matter signal hyperintensities matter?. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disesases 2003, 12(1):29-36.
166. Talairach J, Tournoux P. Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain: 3-Dimensional proportional system-An approach to cerebral imaging 1988, Thieme Medical Publishers, New York.
167. Takayama Y., Sugishita M., Kido T., Ogawa M., Akiguchi I. A case of foreign accent syndrome without aphasia caused by a lesion of the left precentral gyrus. Neurology 1993, 43(7):1361-1363.
168. Tomasino, B., Marin, D., Maieron, M., Ius, T., Budai, R., Fabbro, F., et al. (2011). Foreign accent syndrome: A multimodal mapping study. Cortex, Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print].
169. Torres J., Saad A., Moore E. Application of GA/bayesian filter-wrapper feature selection method to classification of clinical depression from speech data. Soft Computing in Industrial Applications 2007, 39:115-121.
170. Tourville J.A., Reilly K.J., Guenther F.H. Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech. Neuroimage 2008, 29(3):1429-1443.
171. Turkeltaub P.E., Messing S., Norise C., Hamilton R.H. Are networks for residual language function and recovery consistent across aphasic patients. Neurology. 2011, 76(20):1726-1734.
172. Valle F., Cuetos F. EPLA: Evaluación del Procesamiento Lingüísticos en la Afasia 1995, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd, Hove, UK.
173. Van Lancker D.R., Bogen J.E., Canter J.E. A case report of pathological rule governed syllable intrusion. Brain and Language 1983, 20:12-20.
174. Varley R., Whiteside S., Hammill C., Cooper K. Phases in speech encoding and foreign accent syndrome. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2006, 19:356-369.
175. Verhoeven J., Mariën P. Neurogenic foreign accent syndrome: Articulatory setting, segments and prosody in a Dutch speaker. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2010, 23:599-614.
176. Verhoeven J., Mariën P., Engelborghs S., D'Haenen H., De Deyn P. A foreign speech accent in a case of conversion disorder. Behavioural Neurology 2005, 16:225-232.
177. Wechsler D. Wechsler memory scale 1997, Psychological Corporation, New York. (3rd ed.).
178. Weller M. Anterior opercular cortex lesions cause dissociated lower cranial nerve palsies and anarthria but no aphasia: Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome and "automatic voluntary dissociation" revisited. Journal of Neurology 1993, 240(4):199-208.
179. Wheeler M. The phonology of Catalan 2005, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
180. Whitaker H.A. Levels of impairment in disorders of speech. Neuropsychology and cognition 1982, 1:168-207. Nijhoff, The Hague, NATO. Advances Study Institutes Series D, No. 9.
181. Whiteside S.P., Varley R.A. A reconceptualisation of apraxia of speech: A synthesis of evidence. Cortex 1998, 34(2):221-231.
182. Whitty C.W.M. Cortical dysarthria and disprosody of speech. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1964, 27:507-510.
183. Wiethoff S, Wildgruber D, Grodd W, Ethofer T. Response and habituation of the amygdala during processing of emotional prosody. Neuroreport 2009, 20(15):1356-1360.
184. Willems R.M., Varley R. Neural insights into the relation between language and communication. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2010, 4:203. Oct 25.
185. Wise R.J., Greene J., Büchel C., Scott S.K. Brain regions involved in articulation. Lancet 1999, 353(9158):1057-1061.
186. Woolrich M.W., Jbabdi S., Patenaude B., Chappell M., Makni S., Behrens T., et al. Bayesian analysis of neuroimaging data in FSL. Neuroimage 2009, 45:S173-186.
187. Worrald L.E., Holland A.L. Quality of life in aphasia. Aphasiology 2003, 17:329-332.
188. Zang S., Li C.S. Functional connectivity mapping of the human precuneus by resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 2012, 59(4):3548-3562.