Multiple imitation mechanisms in children

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1165-1179

  Subiaul, Francys ^a   Anderson, Sarah ^a   Brandt, Janina ^a   Elkins, Jenny ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive architecture; Emulation; Imitation; Preschool children; Social learning

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMITATION; LEARNING; MALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROBABILITY; RECALL; SEX DIFFERENCE; TIME;

AGE FACTORS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMITATIVE BEHAVIOR; LEARNING; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROBABILITY; SEX FACTORS; SPATIAL BEHAVIOR; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84871862363     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0026646     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Abravanel, E., & Sigafoos, A. D. (1984). Exploring the presence of imitation during early infancy. Child Development, 55, 381-392. doi: 10.2307/1129950
2. Badan, M., Hauert, C. A., & Mounoud, P. (2000). Sequential pointing in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75, 43-69. doi:10.1006/jecp.1999.2522
3. Baldwin, D. A., Markman, E. M., Bill, B., Desjardins, R. N., Irwin, J. M., & Tidball, G. (1996). Infants' reliance on a social criterion for establishing word-object relations. Child Development, 67, 3135-3153. doi: 10.2307/1131771
4. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
5. Barr, R., Dowden, A., & Hayne, H. (1996). Developmental changes in deferred imitation by 6-to 24-month-old infants. Infant Behavior & Development, 19, 159-170. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(96)90015-6
6. Bauer, P. J. (1992). Holding it all together: How enabling relations facilitate young children's event recall. Cognitive Development, 7, 1-28. doi:10.1016/0885-2014(92)90002-9
7. Bauer, P. J., & Hertsgaard, L. A. (1993). Increasing steps in recall of events: Factors facilitating immediate and long-term memory in 13.5-and 16.5-month-old children. Child Development, 64, 1204-1223. doi: 10.2307/1131335
8. Bauer, P. J., & Mandler, J. M. (1989). One thing follows another: Effects of temporal structure on 1-to 2-year-olds' recall of events. Developmental Psychology, 25, 197-206. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.2.197
9. Bloom, P. (2000). How children learn the meanings of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. Buller, D. J. (2005). Adapting minds: Evolutionary psychology and the persistent quest for human nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Buttelmann, D., Carpenter, M., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2008). Rational tool use and tool choice in human infants and great apes. Child Development, 79, 609-626. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01146.x
12. Campbell, A. L., & Namy, L. L. (2003). The role of social-referential context in verbal and nonverbal symbol learning. Child Development, 74, 549-563. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402015
13. Carpenter, M., & Call, J. (2002). The chemistry of social learning. Developmental Science, 5, 22-24. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00199
14. Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., Tomasello, M., Butterworth, G., & Moore, C. (1998). Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 63(4), i-vi, 1-174. doi:10.2307/1166214
15. Cattaneo, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2009). The mirror neuron system. Archives of Neurology, 66, 557-560. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.41
16. Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893-910. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893
17. Collie, R., & Hayne, H. (1999). Deferred imitation by 6-and 9-month-old infants: More evidence for declarative memory. Developmental Psychobiology, 35, 83-90. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199909)35:2<83:: AID-DEV1>3.0.CO;2-S
18. Cook, R., Bird, G., Lunser, G., Huck, S., & Heyes, C. (2011). Automatic imitation in a strategic context: Players of rock-paper-scissors imitate opponents' gestures. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 246, 91-95. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1024
19. Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2009). Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 148-153. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.005
20. Gentner, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2001). Individuation, relativity, and early word learning. In M. Bowerman & S. C. Levinson (Eds.), Language acquisition and conceptual development (pp. 215-256). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511620669.010
21. Gergely, G., Bekkering, H., & Kiraly, I. (2002, February 14). Rational imitation in preverbal infants. Nature, 415, 755.
22. Gopnik, A., & Schulz, L. E. (2004). Mechanisms of theory formation in young children. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 371-377. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.06.005
23. Hepburn, S. L., & Stone, W. L. (2006). Longitudinal research on motor imitation in autism. In S. J. Rogers & J. H. G. Williams (Eds.), Imitation and the social mind: Autism and typical development (pp. 310-328). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
24. Heyes, C. M. (2004). Imitation by association. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on imitation: From neuroscience to social science (pp. 157-176). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Heyes, C. (2011). Automatic imitation. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 463-483. doi:10.1037/a0022288
26. Heyes, C. (2011). What's social about social learning? Journal of Comparative Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0025180
27. Horner, V., & Whiten, A. (2005). Causal knowledge and imitation/emulation switching in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens). Animal Cognition, 8, 164-181. doi:10.1007/s10071-004-0239-6
28. Horner, V., & Whiten, A. (2007). Learning from others' mistakes? Limits on understanding a trap-tube task by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121, 12-21. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.121.1.12
29. Jaswal, V. K., & Hansen, M. B. (2006). Learning words: Children disregard some pragmatic information that conflicts with mutual exclusivity. Developmental Science, 9, 158-165. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006. 00475.x
30. Jones, S. S. (2009). The development of imitation in infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 364, 2325-2335. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0045
31. Kuhl, P. K. (2000). A new view of language acquisition. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97, 11850-11857. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.22.11850
32. Kushnir, T., & Gopnik, A. (2005). Young children infer causal strength from probabilities and interventions. Psychological Science, 16, 678-683. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01595.x
33. Learmonth, A. E., Lamberth, R., & Rovee-Collier, C. (2004). Generalization of deferred imitation during the first year of life. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88, 297-318. doi:Doi10.1016/J.Jecp.2004.04.004
34. Leslie, A. M. (1994). ToMM, ToBy, and Agency: Core architecture and domain specificity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
35. Leslie, A. M. (2000). "Theory of mind" as a mechanism of selective attention. In M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The new cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed., pp. 1235-1247). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Lingnau, A., Gesierich, B., & Caramazza, A. (2009). Asymmetric fMRI adaptation reveals no evidence for mirror neurons in humans. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106, 9925-9930. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902262106
37. Lyons, D. E. (2009). The rational continuum of human imitation. In J. A. Pineda (Ed.), Mirror neuron systems: The role of mirroring processes in social cognition (pp. 77-103). New York, NY: Human Press.
38. Lyons, D. E., Damrosch, D. H., Lin, J. K., Macris, D. M., & Keil, F. C. (2011). The scope and limits of overimitation in the transmission of artefact culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 366, 1158-1167.
39. Lyons, D. E., Young, A. G., & Keil, F. C. (2007). The hidden structure of overimitation. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 104, 19751-19756. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704452104
40. Mandler, J. M. (2004). The foundations of mind: Origins of conceptual thought. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
41. McCall, R. B., Parke, R. D., & Kavanaugh, R. D. (1977). Imitation of live and televised models by children one to three years of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 42(5), 1-94. doi: 10.2307/1165913
42. McGuigan, N., & Whiten, A. (2009). Emulation and "overemulation" in the social learning of causally opaque versus causally transparent tool use by 23-and 30-month-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 104, 367-381. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.07.001
43. McGuigan, N., Whiten, A., Flynn, E., & Horner, V. (2007). Imitation of causally opaque versus causally transparent tool use by 3-and 5-year-old children. Cognitive Development, 22, 353-364. doi:10.1016/J.Cogdev.2007.01.001
44. Meltzoff, A. N. (1988a). Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli. Developmental Psychology, 24, 470-476. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.470
45. Meltzoff, A. N. (1988b). Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests. Child Development, 59, 217-225. doi: 10.2307/1130404
46. Meltzoff, A. N. (2007). The "like me" framework for recognizing and becoming an intentional agent. Acta Psychologica, 124, 26-43. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.09.005
47. Meltzoff, A. N. (2008). Development of social cognition. International Journal of Psychology, 43, 530. doi:10.1080/00207594.2008.10108486
48. Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2003). What imitation tells us about social cognition: A rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 491-500. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1261
49. Meltzoff, A. N., Kuhl, P. K., Movellan, J., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2009, July 17). Foundations for a new science of learning. Science, 325, 284-288. doi:10.1126/science.1175626
50. Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1977, October 7). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198, 75-78. doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.75
51. Meltzoff, A. N.,&Moore, M. K. (1997). Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model. Early Development and Parenting, 6, 179-192. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0917(199709/12)6:3/4<179::AID-EDP157>3.0.CO;2-R
52. Nadel, J. (2006). Does imitation matter to children with autism? In S. J. Rogers & J. H. G. Williams (Eds.), Imitation and the social mind: Autism and typical development (pp. 118-137). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
53. Nehaniv, C., & Dautenhahn, K. (2002). The correspondence problem. In K. Dautenhahn & C. Nehaniv (Eds.), Imitation in animals and artifacts (pp. 41-61). Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press.
54. Nielsen, M. (2006). Copying actions and copying outcomes: Social learning through the second year. Developmental Psychology, 42, 555-565. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.555
55. Nielsen, M., & Tomaselli, K. (2010). Overimitation in Kalahari Bushman children and the origins of human cultural cognition. Psychological Science, 21, 729-736. doi:10.1177/0956797610368808
56. Pellizzer, G., & Hauert, C. A. (1996). Visuo-manual aiming movements in 6-to 10-year-old children: Evidence for an asymmetric and asynchronous development of information processes. Brain and Cognition, 30, 175-193. doi:10.1006/brcg.1996.0011
57. Piaget, J. (1951). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood. New York, NY: Norton.
58. Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York, NY: Morrow.
59. Press, C., Bird, G., Walsh, E., & Heyes, C. (2008). Automatic imitation of intransitive actions. Brain & Cognition, 67, 44-50. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.11.001
60. Rizzolatti, G. (2005). The mirror neuron system and its function in humans. Anatomy and Embryology (Berl), 210, 419-421. doi:10.1007/s00429-005-0039-z
61. Rogers, S. J. (1999). An examination of the imitation deficit in autism. In J. Nadel & G. Butterworth (Eds.), Imitation in infancy (pp. 254-283). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
62. Rogers, S. J. (2006). Studies of imitation in early infancy: Finding and theories. In S. J. Rogers & J. H. G. Williams (Eds.), Imitation and the social mind: Autism and typical development (pp. 3-26). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
63. Rumiati, R. I., & Tessari, A. (2002). Imitation of novel and well-known actions: The role of short-term memory. Experimental Brain Research, 142, 425-433. doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0956-x
64. Schulz, L. E., Gopnik, A., & Glymour, C. (2007). Preschool children learn about causal structure from conditional interventions. Developmental Science, 10, 322-332. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00587.x
65. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York, NY: Macmillan.
66. Smith, I. M., & Bryson, S. E. (1994). Imitation and action in autism: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 259-273. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259
67. Sobel, D. M., & Munro, S. (2009). Domain generality and specificity in children's causal inference about ambiguous data. Developmental Psychology, 45, 511-524. doi:10.1037/a0014944
68. Subiaul, F. (2010). Dissecting the imitation faculty: The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis. Behavioural Processes, 83, 222-234. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.002
69. Subiaul, F., Cantlon, J. F., Holloway, R. L., & Terrace, H. S. (2004, July 16). Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques. Science, 305, 407-410. doi:10.1126/science.1099136
70. Subiaul, F., Lurie, H., Klein, T., Holmes, D., & Terrace, H. (2007). Cognitive imitation in typically-developing 3-and 4-year-olds and individuals with autism. Cognitive Development, 22, 230-243. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.10.003
71. Subiaul, F., Romansky, K., Cantlon, J. F., Klein, T., & Terrace, H. (2007). Cognitive imitation in 2-year-old children (Homo sapiens): a comparison with rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Animal Cognition, 10, 369-375. doi:10.1007/s10071-006-0070-3
72. Subiaul, F., Vonk, J., & Rutherford, M. D. (2011). The ghosts in the computer: The role of agency and animacy attributions in "ghost controls." PLoS One, 6(11), e26429. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026429
73. Swartz, K. B., Chen, S. F., & Terrace, H. S. (1991). Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: I. Acquisition and retention of multiple four-item lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 396-410.
74. Swartz, K. B., Chen, S., & Terrace, H. S. (2000). Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: II. Learning four-item lists by trial and error. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 274-285.
75. Terrace, H. S. (2005). The simultaneous chain: A new approach to serial learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 202-210. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.003
76. Terrace, H. S., Son, L. K., & Brannon, E. M. (2003). Serial expertise of rhesus macaques. Psychological Science, 14, 66-73.
77. Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
78. Tomasello, M. (2008). Origins of human communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
79. Uzgiris, I. C. (1973). Patterns of cognitive development. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 19, 181-204.
80. Uzgiris, I. C. (1981). Two functions of imitation during infancy. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 4, 1-12.
81. Wagner, L., Yocom, A. M., & Greene-Havas, M. (2008). Children's understanding of directed motion events in an imitation choice task. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 100, 264-275. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.03.008
82. Want, S. C., & Harris, P. L. (2001). Learning from other people's mistakes: Causal understanding in learning to use a tool. Child Development, 72, 431-443. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00288
83. Want, S. C., & Harris, P. L. (2002). How do children ape? Applying concepts from the study of non-human primates to the developmental study of "imitation" in children. Developmental Science, 5, 1-14. doi: 10.1111/1467-7687.00194
84. Whiten, A., & Ham, R. (1992). On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 21, 239-283. doi:10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60146-1
85. Williamson, R. A., Jaswal, V. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2010). Learning the rules: Observation and imitation of a sorting strategy by 36-month-old children. Developmental Psychology, 46, 57-65. doi:10.1037/a0017473
86. Williamson, R. A., & Markman, E. M. (2006). Precision of imitation as a function of preschoolers' understanding of the goal of the demonstration. Developmental Psychology, 42, 723-731. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.723
87. Williamson, R. A., Meltzoff, A. N., & Markman, E. M. (2008). Prior experiences and perceived efficacy influence 3-year-olds' imitation. Developmental Psychology, 44, 275-285. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.275