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Volumn 305, Issue 5682, 2004, Pages 407-410

Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; EVALUATION; NEUROLOGY; PHOTOINTERPRETATION; STUDENTS;

EID: 3142727694     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1099136     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (135)

References (30)
  • 5
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    • P. Slater, J. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, M. Milinsky, Eds. (Academic Press, New York)
    • A. Whiten, R. Ham, in Advances in the Study of Behavior, P. Slater, J. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, M. Milinsky, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1992), vol. 21, pp. 239-283.
    • (1992) Advances in the Study of Behavior , vol.21 , pp. 239-283
    • Whiten, A.1    Ham, R.2
  • 6
    • 0042801881 scopus 로고
    • H. Roitblat, T. Bever, H. Terrace, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ)
    • H. Terrace, in Animal Cognition, H. Roitblat, T. Bever, H. Terrace, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1984), pp. 7-28.
    • (1984) Animal Cognition , pp. 7-28
    • Terrace, H.1
  • 9
    • 3142718651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See supporting data at Science Online.
  • 12
    • 3142662959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Stimulus, local enhancement, and social facilitation are terms that refer to specific instances of individual learning that are triggered by the activity of a conspecific. Stimulus and local enhancement occur because the model's behavior attracts an onlooker's attention toward some object or some activity in a location. Social enhancement refers to an increase in attention and motivation when engaged in a task that occurs in the presence of another individual. Without experimental controls, it is unclear whether the onlooker who later approaches and interacts with the object in ques tion copied the model's action, or instead learned to produce the same behavior by individual trial-and-error learning, Observers may also learn about the causal structure of actions by observing a model. For example, an individual who watches a model use a rake to reach a food item may learn that the rake may be used to attain out-of-reach food, but not that there is a specific technique for using rakes. This mode of social learning, where subjects learn the causal relationship between an object (e.g., a tool) and a desired outcome (e.g., food), has been described as the "emulation of affordances" or emulation learning (4). However, Whiten and Ham (5) have argued that individuals in these studies may be copying the goals of the model (not necessarily their specific techniques). As a result, these authors prefer to call this mechanism "goal emulation."
  • 13
    • 3142698136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Both Horatio and Oberon each served as a "student" and as an "expert." Experts were trained in isolation (with the partition dividing the two chambers) until they completed at least 65% of the trials correctly during two consecutive sessions.
  • 23
    • 0002267086 scopus 로고
    • R. Byrne, A. Whiten, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford)
    • M. Hauser, in Machiavellian Intelligence, R. Byrne, A. Whiten, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1988), pp. 327-343.
    • (1988) Machiavellian Intelligence , pp. 327-343
    • Hauser, M.1
  • 30
    • 3142684959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We thank all the members of the Primate Cognition Lab for their assistance. Supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant R01 MH40462 (H.S.T.).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.