The Arab Spring: Why the surprising similarities with the revolutionary wave of 1848?

Perspectives on Politics

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 917-934

  Weyland, Kurt ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871625445     PISSN: 15375927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1537592712002873     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Abdelmoumni, Fouad. 2011. "Nous sommes tous des Tunisiens!" Tel Quel (January 22-28): 24-25.
2. Aday, Sean, Henry Farrell, Marc Lynch, John Sides, and Deen Freelon. 2012. New Media and Conflict after the Arab Spring. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
3. Ajami, Fouad. 2012. The Syrian Rebellion. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
4. Albrecht, Holger. 2007. "Authoritarian Opposition and the Politics of Challenge in Egypt." In Debating Arab Authoritarianism, ed. Oliver Schlumberger. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
5. Al-Momani, Mohammad. 2011. "The Arab 'Youth Quake.'" Middle East Law and Governance 3(1-2): 159-70.
6. Anderson, Lisa. 2011. "Demystifying the Arab Spring." Foreign Affairs 90(3): 2-7.
7. Asseburg, Muriel, ed. 2012. Protest, Revolt, and Regime Change in the ArabWorld. Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik.
8. Barany, Zoltan. 2011. "The Role of the Military." Journal of Democracy 22(4): 24-35.
9. Bartolini, Stefano. 2000. The Political Mobilization of the European Left. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10. Beinin, Joel, and Frédéric Vairel. 2011. "The Middle East and North Africa." In Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, ed. Beinin and Vairel. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
11. Beissinger, Mark. 2007. "Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena." Perspectives on Politics 5(2): 259-76.
12. Bellin, Eva. 2012. "Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East." Comparative Politics 44(2): 127-49.
13. Brownlee, Jason. 2007. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Brownlee, Jason, Tarek Masoud, and Andrew Reynolds. Forthcoming. After the Awakening: Revolt, Reform, and Renewal in the ArabWorld. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. Bunce, Valerie, and Sharon Wolchik. 2011. Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Clark, Phil. 2012. "An Arab Spring South of the Sahara?" Public Policy Research 19(1): 72-4.
17. Comninos, Alex. 2011. "Twitter Revolutions and Cyber Crackdowns." N.p.: Association for Progressive Communications.
18. Dalacoura, Katerina. 2012. "The 2011 Uprisings in the Arab Middle East." International Affairs 88(1): 63-79.
19. Dowe, Dieter, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Dieter Langewiesche, and Jonathan Sperber, eds. 2001. Europe in 1848: Revolution and Reform. New York: Berghahn.
20. Eley, Geoff. 2002. Forging Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
21. Feiler, Bruce. 2011. Generation Freedom. New York: Harper.
22. Filiu, Jean-Pierre. 2011. The Arab Revolution. London: Hurst.
23. Ghonim, Wael. 2012. Revolution 2.0: A Memoir. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
24. Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2006. "Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire." Risk Analysis 26(2): 347-51.
25. Gilovich, Thomas, Dale Griffin, and Daniel Kahneman, eds. 2002. Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Givan, Rebecca, Kenneth Roberts, and Sarah Soule. 2010. "The Dimensions of Diffusion." In The Diffusion of Social Movements, ed. Rebecca Givan, Kenneth Roberts, and Sarah Soule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Goldstone, Jack. 1986. "Revolutions and Superpowers." In Superpowers and Revolution, ed. Jonathan Adelman. New York: Praeger.
28. -. 2011. "Understanding the Revolutions of 2011." Foreign Affairs 90(3): 8-16.
29. Goodwin, Jeff. 2011. "Why We Were Surprised (Again) by the Arab Spring." Swiss Political Science Review 17(4): 452-56.
30. Goodwin, Jeff, James Jasper, and Francesca Polletta, eds. 2001. Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Hamdy, Sherine. 2012. "Strength and Vulnerability after Egypt's Arab Spring Uprisings." American Ethnologist 39(1): 43-48.
32. Harb, Zahera. 2011. "Arab Revolutions and the Social Media Effect." Media/Culture Journal 14(2): 2.
33. Hastie, Reid, and Robyn Dawes. 2010. Rational Choice in an UncertainWorld, 2d. ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
34. Heibach, Jens. 2011. "Jemen: Ein zaudernder Despot." In Die arabische Revolution, ed. Frank Nordhausen and Thomas Schmid. Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag.
35. Hinnebusch, Raymond. 2012. "Syria: From 'Authoritarian Upgrading' to Revolution?" International Affairs 88(1): 95-113.
36. Hirschman, Albert. 1982. Shifting Involvements. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
37. Hoffman, Michael, and Amaney Jamal. 2012. "The Youth and the Arab Spring." Middle East Law and Governance 4(1): 168-88.
38. Howard, Philip, and Muzammil Hussain. 2011. "The Role of Digital Media." Journal of Democracy 22(3): 35-48.
39. Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The ThirdWave. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
40. Hvistendahl, Mara. 2011. "Young and Restless Can Be a Volatile Mix." Science 333, July 29, 552-54.
41. Jacobs, Andrew. 2011. "Chinese Security Officials Respond to Calls for Protests." New York Times, February 20.
42. Jones, Bryan. 1999. "Bounded Rationality." Annual Review of Political Science 2: 297-321.
43. Joseph, Sarah. 2011. Social Media, Human Rights and Political Change. Melbourne: Monash University.
44. Kahneman, Daniel, Paul Slovic, and Amos Tversky, eds. 1982. Judgment under Uncertainty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Kasinof, Laura. 2011. "Air Goes Out of Protests in a Leaderless Yemen." New York Times, July 7.
46. Kasinof, Laura, andMichael Slackman. 2011. "Dueling Protests in Yemen Unfold Peacefully." NewYorkTimes, February 3.
47. Khashan, Hilal. 2012. "The Eclipse of Arab Authoritarianism and the Challenge of Popular Sovereignty." ThirdWorld Quarterly 33(5): 919-30.
48. King, Stephen. 2009. The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
49. Kirkpatrick, David. 2011. "Tunisia Unrest Stirs Passions across North African Region." New York Times, January 17.
50. -. 2012. "Judge Helped Egypt's Military to Cement Power." New York Times, July 4.
51. Kuran, Timur. 1995. Private Truths, Public Lies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Kuran, Timur, and Cass Sunstein. 1999. "Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation." Stanford Law Review 51(4): 683-768.
53. Kurzman, Charles. 1998. "Waves of Democratization." Studies in Comparative International Development 33(1): 42-64.
54. -. 2008. Democracy Denied, 1905-1915. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
55. Landis, Joshua. 2012. "The Syrian Uprising of 2011." Middle East Policy 19(1): 72-84.
56. Langohr, Vickie. 2004. "Too Much Civil Society, Too Little Politics." Comparative Politics 36(2): 181-204.
57. Lohmann, Susanne. 1994. "The Dynamics of Informational Cascades." World Politics 47(1): 42-101.
58. -. 2000. "Collective Action Cascades." Journal of Economic Surveys 14(5): 655-84.
59. Lust-Okar, Ellen. 2007. "The Management of Opposition." In Debating Arab Authoritarianism, ed. Oliver Schlumberger. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
60. Lutterbeck, Derek. 2012. "Arab Uprisings, Armed Forces, and Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society, forthcoming.
61. Lynch, Marc. 2011. "After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab State." Perspectives on Politics 9(2): 301-10.
62. -. 2012. The Arab Uprising. New York: Public Affairs.
63. Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce. 2012. "Is Morocco Immune to Upheaval?" Middle-East Quarterly 19(1): 87-93.
64. Mainwaring, Scott, and Timothy Scully. 1995. "Introduction." In Building Democratic Institutions, ed. Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
65. Marwell, Gerald, and Pamela Oliver. 1993. The Critical Mass in Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Masoud, Tarek. 2011. "Liberty, Democracy, and Discord in Egypt." Washington Quarterly 34(4): 117-29.
67. Mercurio (Santiago de Chile). 2011. "La ola de protestas alcanza Libia," February 17.
68. Najib, Abdelhak. 2011. "El Khlifi: 'Nous Irons jusq'au Bout.'" Maroc Hebdo International 922, March 4-10.
69. Narizny, Kevin. 2012. "Anglo-American Primacy and the Global Spread of Democracy." World Politics 64(2): 341-73.
70. Newton-Small, Jay, and Abigail Hauslohner. 2012. How the Military Won the Egyptian Election. Time, July 9, 28-34.
71. Nordhausen, Frank, and Thomas Schmid, eds. 2011. Die arabische Revolution. Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag.
72. Nunns, Alex, and Nadia Idle, eds. 2011. Tweets from Tahrir. New York: OR Books.
73. Osterhammel, Jürgen. 2009. Die Verwandlung der Welt: Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts. München: C.H. Beck.
74. Ottaway, Marina, and Amr Hamzawy, eds. 2009. Getting to Pluralism: Political Actors in the ArabWorld. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment.
75. Owen, John. 2010. The Clash of Ideas inWorld Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
76. Owen, Roger. 2012. The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
77. Peerenboom, Randall. 2011. "China and the Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa." Middle East Law and Governance 3(1-2): 192-203.
78. Petersen, Roger. 2002. Understanding Ethnic Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79. Popkin, Samuel. 1991. The Reasoning Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
80. Puddington, Arch. 2012. "Freedom House Survey for 2011." Journal of Democracy 23(2): 74-88.
81. Rane, Halim, and Sumra Salem. 2012. "Social Media, Social Movements and the Diffusion of Ideas in the Arab Uprisings." Journal of International Communication 18(1): 97-111.
82. Rashad, Hoda. 2012. Rising from Tahrir. N.p. Rashed, Mohammed. 2011. "The Egyptian Revolution." Anthropolog y Today 27(2): 22-27.
83. Salamey, Imad, and Frederic Pearson. 2012. "The Collapse of Middle Eastern Authoritarianism." Third World Quarterly 33(5): 931-48.
84. Schmid, Thomas. 2011. "Libyen: Revolution gegen den Revolutionsführer." In Die arabische Revolution, ed. Frank Nordhausen and Thomas Schmid. Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag.
85. Sewell, William. 2005. Logics of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
86. Shahid, Anthony. 2011. "In Crowd's Euphoria, No Clear Leadership Emerges." New York Times, January 31.
87. Simon, Herbert. 1976. Administrative Behavior. New York: Free Press.
88. Solomon, Samuel. 2012. "Cascades in Cairo: The Role of Facebook and Twitter in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011." Honor's thesis, Edmund Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University.
89. Soueif, Ahdaf. 2012. Cairo: My City, Our Revolution. London: Bloomsbury.
90. Stacher, Joshua. 2012. Adaptable Autocrats: Regime Power in Eg ypt and Syria. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
91. Stolberg, Sheryl. 2011. "Shy U.S. Intellectual Created Playbook Used in a Revolution." New York Times, February 16.
92. Taha, Amira, and Christopher Combs. 2012. "Of Drama and Performance: Transformative Discourses of the Revolution." In Translating Eg ypt's Revolution, ed. Samia Mehrez. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
93. Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
94. -. 2011. Power in Movement, 3d. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
95. Tilly, Charles, Louise Tilly, and Richard Tilly. 1975. The Rebellious Century, 1830-1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
96. Traugott, Mark. 2010. The Insurgent Barricade. Berkeley: University of California Press.
97. Tsebelis, George. 1990. Nested Games. Berkeley: University of California Press.
98. Vairel, Frédéric. 2011. "Protesting in Authoritarian Situations." In Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, ed. Joel Beinin and Frédéric Vairel. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
99. Valenzuela, Javier. 2012. "Desencanto árabe 2.0." El País (Madrid), March 4.
100. Waraich, Omar. 2011. "Inspired by Egypt, Thousands Protest on Moroccan Streets." Independent, February 21.
101. Way, Lucan. 2011. "Comparing the Arab Revolts: The Lessons of 1989." Journal of Democracy 22(4): 13-23.
102. Weyland, Kurt. 2009. "The Diffusion of Revolution: '1848' in Europe and Latin America." International Organization 63(3): 391-423.
103. -. 2012. Diffusion Waves in European Democratization: The Impact of Organizational Development. Comparative Politics 45(1): 25-45.
104. Whitehead, Andrew. 2011. "Eric Hobsbawm on 2011." BBC News Magazine, December 22.
105. Whitehead, Laurence. 2001. "Three International Dimensions of Democratization." In The International Dimensions of Democratization, ed. Laurence Whitehead. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
106. Wickham, Carrie. 2011. "The Muslim Brotherhood and Democratic Transition in Egypt." Middle East Law and Governance 3(1-2): 204-23.