The role of the military

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 24-35

  Barany, Zoltan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054724544     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2011.0069     Document Type: Note

References (28)

1. Sarah Phillips, Yemen's Democracy Experiment in Regional Perspective: Patronage and Pluralized Authoritarianism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 69-71.
2. Mehran Kamrava, "Military Professionalization and Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East," Political Science Quarterly 115 (Spring 2000): 92.
3. See, for instance, Simon Sebag Montefiore, "Every Revolution Is Revolutionary in Its Own Way," New York Times, 26 March 2011.
4. See L.B. Ware, "The Role of the Tunisian Military in the Post-Bourguiba Era," Middle East Journal 39 (Winter 1985): 27-47.
5. Ware, "Role of the Tunisian Military," 39.
6. Elisabeth Bumiller, "Egypt Stability Hinges on a Divided Military," New York Times, 5 February 2011
7. Scott Shane and David D. Kirkpatrick, "Military Caught Between Mubarak and Protesters," New York Times, 11 February 2011.
8. Imad Harb, "The Egyptian Military in Politics: Disengagement or Accommodation?" Middle East Journal 57 (Spring 2003): 269-90.
9. Wendell Steavenson, "On the Square: Were the Egyptian Protesters Right to Trust the Military?" New Yorker, 28 February 2011, 43.
10. Wolfram Lacher, "Libya after Qadhafi: State Formation or State Collapse?" SWP Comments 9, March 2011; available at www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2011C09_lac_ks.pdf.
11. Dexter Filkins, "After the Uprising: Can the Protestors Find a Path Between Dictatorship and Anarchy?" New Yorker, 11 April 2011, 42.
12. Tom Finn, "Yemen Showdown Looms as Army Loyalties Divide," Guardian, 21 March 2011
13. See Hanspeter Mattes, "Challenges to Security Sector Governance in the Middle East: The Libyan Case," paper delivered at the Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, 12-13 July 2004, 11-17.
14. Lacher, "Libya after Qadhafi," 4.
15. E-mail message to author from Wolfram Lacher, North Africa expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Berlin, 25 May 2011.
16. Ashish Kumar Sen, "Libyan Rebels: Colombian Female Snipers Fighting for Gadhafi," Washington Times, 12 April 2011.
17. C.J. Chivers, "Captive Soldiers Tell of Discord in Libyan Army," New York Times, 13 May 2011.
18. Sebnem Arsu and Steven Erlanger, "Libya Rebels Get Formal Backing, and $30 Billion," New York Times, 15 July 2011.
19. Kenneth Katzman, "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy," Congressional Research Service, 95-1013, 21 March 2011, 7.
20. Steffen Hertog, "Rentier Militaries in the Gulf: The Price of Coup-Proofing," International Journal of Middle East Studies 43 (August 2011): 400-402.
21. Alawites are often described as a branch of Shia Islam, though the question of their religious categorization is a complicated and somewhat fraught one. For background, see Martin Kramer, "Syria's Alawis and Shi'ism," in idem, ed., Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution (Boulder, Colo: Westview, 1987), 237-54.
22. Hanna Batatu, "Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria's Ruling Military Group and the Causes for Its Dominance," Middle East Journal 35 (Summer 1981): 331-44.
23. See Thomas L. Friedman, "Hama Rules," ch. 4 in From Beirut to Jerusalem (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989), esp. 77-87.
24. Anthony Shadid, "Syrian Forces Shoot at Protesters Trying to Break Siege of Town in 'Friday of Rage,'" New York Times, 30 April 2011, A8.
25. See "No One Is Really in Charge," Economist, 27 January 2011.
26. See, for instance, David D. Kirkpatrick, "Egypt Military Aims to Cement Muscular Role in Government," New York Times, 16 July 2011.
27. See, for instance, "Egyptians Choose Order over Further Political Upheaval," IISS Strategic Comments 17, Comment 13 (March 2011).
28. Harold A. Crouch, Political Reform in Indonesia after Soeharto (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2010), 127-90.