Current status and implications of microRNAs in ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy

Journal of Ovarian Research

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Zaman, Mohd Saif ^a   Maher, Diane M ^a   Khan, Sheema ^a   Jaggi, Meena ^a,b   Chauhan, Subhash C ^a,b  

^a SANFORD RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemoresistance; Diagnosis; Let 7; miR 200; miRNAs; Ovarian cancer; Prognosis; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BETA TUBULIN; CISPLATIN; CYCLIN A; FLUOROURACIL; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP A2 PROTEIN; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; I KAPPA B KINASE BETA; LET 7 PROTEIN; LET 7B PROTEIN; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 100; MICRORNA 143; MICRORNA 145; MICRORNA 182; MICRORNA 200; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 214; MICRORNA 22; MICRORNA 31; MICRORNA 34A; MICRORNA 376C; MICRORRNA 34; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN BCL 2; SCATTER FACTOR RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ZEB1; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER THERAPY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CHEMOSENSITIVITY; CHROMOSOME; CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA; COLLOID CARCINOMA; DEMETHYLATION; ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; GENE DOSAGE; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW;

EID: 84870922071     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17572215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-44     Document Type: Review

References (125)

1. Cancer statistics, 2012. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A, CA Cancer J Clin 2012 62 1 10 29 10.3322/caac.20138 22237781
2. Fertility preservation in young women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Wright JD, Shah M, Mathew L, Burke WM, Culhane J, Goldman N, Schiff PB, Herzog TJ, Cancer 2009 115 18 4118 4126 10.1002/cncr.24461 19670446
3. Optimal chemotherapy treatment for women with recurrent ovarian cancer. Fung-Kee-Fung M, Oliver T, Elit L, Oza A, Hirte HW, Bryson P, Curr Oncol 2007 14 5 195 208 10.3747/co.2007.148 17938703
4. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a retrospective multicentre experience of 254 patients with complete surgical staging. Takano M, Kikuchi Y, Yaegashi N, Kuzuya K, Ueki M, Tsuda H, Suzuki M, Kigawa J, Takeuchi S, Moriya T, et al. Br J Cancer 2006 94 10 1369 1374 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603116 16641903
5. A randomized clinical trial of cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer. du Bois A, Luck HJ, Meier W, Adams HP, Mobus V, Costa S, Bauknecht T, Richter B, Warm M, Schroder W, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003 95 17 1320 1329 10.1093/jnci/djg036 12953086
6. Ovarian tumorigenesis: a proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Shih Ie M, Kurman RJ, Am J Pathol 2004 164 5 1511 1518 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63708-X 15111296
7. Ovarian Cancer, Version 3.2012. Morgan RJ, Alvarez RD, Armstrong DK, Burger RA, Castells M, Chen LM, Copeland L, Crispens MA, Gershenson D, Gray H, et al. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2012 10 11 1339 1349 23138163
8. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: On what do we agree and disagree. Vergote I, du Bois A, Amant F, Heitz F, Leunen K, Harter P, Gynecol Oncol 2012 Sep 21 (Epub ahead of print).
9. Emerging Concerns When Evidence-Based Medicine Is Translated into Real Life: The Case of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. Gonzalez-Martin A, Chiva L, Curr Oncol Rep 2012 Oct 9 (epub ahead of print).
10. Cancer of the ovary. Cannistra SA, N Engl J Med 2004 351 24 2519 2529 10.1056/NEJMra041842 15590954
11. Molecular mechanisms of resistance and toxicity associated with platinating agents. Rabik CA, Dolan ME, Cancer Treat Rev 2007 33 1 9 23 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.09.006 17084534
12. Akt promotes cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of p53 phosphorylation and nuclear function. Fraser M, Bai T, Tsang BK, Int J Cancer 2008 122 3 534 546 10.1002/ijc.23086 17918180
13. Six1 overexpression in ovarian carcinoma causes resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and is associated with poor survival. Behbakht K, Qamar L, Aldridge CS, Coletta RD, Davidson SA, Thorburn A, Ford HL, Cancer Res 2007 67 7 3036 3042 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3755 17409410
14. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway activation in drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Duan Z, Foster R, Bell DA, Mahoney J, Wolak K, Vaidya A, Hampel C, Lee H, Seiden MV, Clin Cancer Res 2006 12 17 5055 5063 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0861 16951221
15. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor correlates with resistance to paclitaxel in human patient tumors. Gan Y, Wientjes MG, Au JL, Pharm Res 2006 23 6 1324 1331 10.1007/s11095-006-0136-6 16741658
16. Looking at drug resistance mechanisms for microtubule interacting drugs: does TUBB3 work? Ferlini C, Raspaglio G, Cicchillitti L, Mozzetti S, Prislei S, Bartollino S, Scambia G, Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2007 7 8 704 712 10.2174/156800907783220453 18220531
17. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Bartel DP, Cell 2004 116 2 281 297 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00045-5 14744438
18. MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for human cancer. Bartels CL, Tsongalis GJ, Clin Chem 2009 55 4 623 631 10.1373/clinchem.2008.112805 19246618
19. Role of microRNAs in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Sorrentino A, Liu CG, Addario A, Peschle C, Scambia G, Ferlini C, Gynecol Oncol 2008 111 3 478 486 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.08.017 18823650
20. Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition in epithelial ovarian cancer. Marchini S, Fruscio R, Clivio L, Beltrame L, Porcu L, Nerini IF, Cavalieri D, Chiorino G, Cattoretti G, Mangioni C, et al. Eur J Cancer 2012 Aug 13, (Epub ahead of print).
21. MicroRNA 376c enhances ovarian cancer cell survival by targeting activin receptor-like kinase 7: implications for chemoresistance. Ye G, Fu G, Cui S, Zhao S, Bernaudo S, Bai Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Yang BB, Peng C, J Cell Sci 2011 124 Pt 3 359 368 21224400
22. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V, Cell 1993 75 5 843 854 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y 8252621
23. The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs. Wheeler BM, Heimberg AM, Moy VN, Sperling EA, Holstein TW, Heber S, Peterson KJ, Evol Dev 2009 11 1 50 68 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00302.x 19196333
24. The functions of animal microRNAs. Ambros V, Nature 2004 431 7006 350 355 10.1038/nature02871 15372042
25. Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs. Cai X, Hagedorn CH, Cullen BR, RNA 2004 10 12 1957 1966 10.1261/rna.7135204 15525708
26. Processing of intronic microRNAs. Kim YK, Kim VN, EMBO J 2007 26 3 775 783 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601512 17255951
27. The RNA-induced silencing complex: a versatile gene-silencing machine. Pratt AJ, MacRae IJ, J Biol Chem 2009 284 27 17897 17901 10.1074/jbc.R900012200 19342379
28. Mammalian miRNA RISC recruits CAF1 and PABP to affect PABP-dependent deadenylation. Fabian MR, Mathonnet G, Sundermeier T, Mathys H, Zipprich JT, Svitkin YV, Rivas F, Jinek M, Wohlschlegel J, Doudna JA, et al. Mol Cell 2009 35 6 868 880 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.08.004 19716330
29. MicroRNA targeting specificity in mammals: determinants beyond seed pairing. Grimson A, Farh KK, Johnston WK, Garrett-Engele P, Lim LP, Bartel DP, Mol Cell 2007 27 1 91 105 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.017 17612493
30. Biological basis for restriction of microRNA targets to the 3' untranslated region in mammalian mRNAs. Gu S, Jin L, Zhang F, Sarnow P, Kay MA, Nat Struct Mol Biol 2009 16 2 144 150 10.1038/nsmb.1552 19182800
31. Cell-cycle control of microRNA-mediated translation regulation. Vasudevan S, Tong Y, Steitz JA, Cell Cycle 2008 7 11 1545 1549 10.4161/cc.7.11.6018 18469529
32. Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets. Lewis BP, Shih IH, Jones-Rhoades MW, Bartel DP, Burge CB, Cell 2003 115 7 787 798 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01018-3 14697198
33. Biological principles of microRNA-mediated regulation: shared themes amid diversity. Flynt AS, Lai EC, Nat Rev Genet 2008 9 11 831 842 10.1038/nrg2455 18852696
34. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 99 24 15524 15529 10.1073/pnas.242606799 12434020
35. MicroRNAs in tumorigenesis: a primer. Zhang W, Dahlberg JE, Tam W, Am J Pathol 2007 171 3 728 738 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070070 17724137
36. A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Calin GA, Ferracin M, Cimmino A, Di Leva G, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Iorio MV, Visone R, Sever NI, Fabbri M, et al. N Engl J Med 2005 353 17 1793 1801 10.1056/NEJMoa050995 16251535
37. Chromosomal rearrangements and microRNAs: a new cancer link with clinical implications. Calin GA, Croce CM, J Clin Invest 2007 117 8 2059 2066 10.1172/JCI32577 17671640
38. A microRNA cluster as a target of genomic amplification in malignant lymphoma. Tagawa H, Seto M, Leukemia 2005 19 11 2013 2016 10.1038/sj.leu.2403942 16167061
39. Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, Hyslop T, Noch E, Yendamuri S, Shimizu M, Rattan S, Bullrich F, Negrini M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 101 9 2999 3004 10.1073/pnas.0307323101 14973191
40. miR-210 links hypoxia with cell cycle regulation and is deleted in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Giannakakis A, Sandaltzopoulos R, Greshock J, Liang S, Huang J, Hasegawa K, Li C, O'Brien-Jenkins A, Katsaros D, Weber BL, et al. Cancer Biol Ther 2008 7 255 264 10.4161/cbt.7.2.5297 18059191
41. Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells. Saito Y, Liang G, Egger G, Friedman JM, Chuang JC, Coetzee GA, Jones PA, Cancer Cell 2006 9 6 435 443 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.020 16766263
42. MicroRNA signatures in human ovarian cancer. Iorio MV, Visone R, Di Leva G, Donati V, Petrocca F, Casalini P, Taccioli C, Volinia S, Liu CG, Alder H, et al. Cancer Res 2007 67 18 8699 8707 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1936 17875710
43. Impaired microRNA processing enhances cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Kumar MS, Lu J, Mercer KL, Golub TR, Jacks T, Nat Genet 2007 39 5 673 677 10.1038/ng2003 17401365
44. A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. He L, He X, Lim LP, de Stanchina E, Xuan Z, Liang Y, Xue W, Zender L, Magnus J, Ridzon D, et al. Nature 2007 447 7148 1130 1134 10.1038/nature05939 17554337
45. Genomic and epigenetic alterations deregulate microRNA expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Zhang L, Volinia S, Bonome T, Calin GA, Greshock J, Yang N, Liu CG, Giannakakis A, Alexiou P, Hasegawa K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 105 19 7004 7009 10.1073/pnas.0801615105 18458333
46. microRNAs exhibit high frequency genomic alterations in human cancer. Zhang L, Huang J, Yang N, Greshock J, Megraw MS, Giannakakis A, Liang S, Naylor TL, Barchetti A, Ward MR, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 103 24 9136 9141 10.1073/pnas.0508889103 16754881
47. MicroRNA expression profiles in serous ovarian carcinoma. Nam EJ, Yoon H, Kim SW, Kim H, Kim YT, Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim S, Clin Cancer Res 2008 14 9 2690 2695 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1731 18451233
48. MicroRNA expression and identification of putative miRNA targets in ovarian cancer. Dahiya N, Sherman-Baust CA, Wang TL, Davidson B, Shih Ie M, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Morin PJ, Wood W, PLoS One 2008 3 6 2436 10.1371/journal.pone.0002436 18560586
49. Repertoire of microRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer as determined by next generation sequencing of small RNA cDNA libraries. Wyman SK, Parkin RK, Mitchell PS, Fritz BR, O'Briant K, Godwin AK, Urban N, Drescher CW, Knudsen BS, Tewari M, PLoS One 2009 4 4 5311 10.1371/journal.pone.0005311 19390579
50. MicroRNA profiling of BRCA1/2 mutation-carrying and non-mutation-carrying high-grade serous carcinomas of ovary. Lee CH, Subramanian S, Beck AH, Espinosa I, Senz J, Zhu SX, Huntsman D, van de Rijn M, Gilks CB, PLoS One 2009 4 10 7314 10.1371/journal.pone.0007314 19798417
51. MicroRNA expression profiling in human ovarian cancer: miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN. Yang H, Kong W, He L, Zhao JJ, O'Donnell JD, Wang J, Wenham RM, Coppola D, Kruk PA, Nicosia SV, et al. Cancer Res 2008 68 2 425 433 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2488 18199536
52. The miR-200 family inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer cell migration by direct targeting of E-cadherin transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2. Korpal M, Lee ES, Hu G, Kang Y, J Biol Chem 2008 283 22 14910 14914 10.1074/jbc.C800074200 18411277
53. Molecular requirements for epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumor progression. Huber MA, Kraut N, Beug H, Curr Opin Cell Biol 2005 17 5 548 558 10.1016/j.ceb.2005.08.001 16098727
54. The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells by targeting the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2. Park SM, Gaur AB, Lengyel E, Peter ME, Genes Dev 2008 22 7 894 907 10.1101/gad.1640608 18381893
55. The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Gregory PA, Bert AG, Paterson EL, Barry SC, Tsykin A, Farshid G, Vadas MA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ, Nat Cell Biol 2008 10 5 593 601 10.1038/ncb1722 18376396
56. MicroRNAs as regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Bert AG, Goodall GJ, Cell Cycle 2008 7 20 3112 3118 10.4161/cc.7.20.6851 18927505
57. miR-200 regulates PDGF-D-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, adhesion, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Kong D, Li Y, Wang Z, Banerjee S, Ahmad A, Kim HR, Sarkar FH, Stem Cells 2009 27 8 1712 1721 10.1002/stem.101 19544444
58. Elevated expression of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenins in metastatic lesions compared with primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Imai T, Horiuchi A, Shiozawa T, Osada R, Kikuchi N, Ohira S, Oka K, Konishi I, Hum Pathol 2004 35 12 1469 1476 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.09.014 15619205
59. The miR-200 family controls beta-tubulin III expression and is associated with paclitaxel-based treatment response and progression-free survival in ovarian cancer patients. Leskela S, Leandro-Garcia LJ, Mendiola M, Barriuso J, Inglada-Perez L, Munoz I, Martinez-Delgado B, Redondo A, de Santiago J, Robledo M, et al. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011 18 1 85 95 21051560
60. Transcripts in pretreatment biopsies from a three-arm randomized trial in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Rosell R, Scagliotti G, Danenberg KD, Lord RV, Bepler G, Novello S, Cooc J, Crino L, Sanchez JJ, Taron M, et al. Oncogene 2003 22 23 3548 3553 10.1038/sj.onc.1206419 12789263
61. Class III beta-tubulin expression in tumor cells predicts response and outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving paclitaxel. Seve P, Mackey J, Isaac S, Tredan O, Souquet PJ, Perol M, Lai R, Voloch A, Dumontet C, Mol Cancer Ther 2005 4 12 2001 2007 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0244 16373715
62. Is class III beta-tubulin a predictive factor in patients receiving tubulin-binding agents? Seve P, Dumontet C, Lancet Oncol 2008 9 2 168 175 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70029-9 18237851
63. Class III beta-tubulin, but not ERCC1, is a strong predictive and prognostic marker in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Koh Y, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Kwon TK, Hah JH, Lee SH, Kim DW, Wu HG, Rhee CS, Sung MW, et al. Ann Oncol 2009 20 8 1414 1419 10.1093/annonc/mdp002 19468031
64. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of poor clinical outcome in advanced ovarian cancer patients. Ferrandina G, Zannoni GF, Martinelli E, Paglia A, Gallotta V, Mozzetti S, Scambia G, Ferlini C, Clin Cancer Res 2006 12 9 2774 2779 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2715 16675570
65. Taxol-resistant epithelial ovarian tumors are associated with altered expression of specific beta-tubulin isotypes. Kavallaris M, Kuo DY, Burkhart CA, Regl DL, Norris MD, Haber M, Horwitz SB, J Clin Invest 1997 100 5 1282 1293 10.1172/JCI119642 9276747
66. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a prominent mechanism of paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer patients. Mozzetti S, Ferlini C, Concolino P, Filippetti F, Raspaglio G, Prislei S, Gallo D, Martinelli E, Ranelletti FO, Ferrandina G, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2005 11 1 298 305 15671559
67. Taxol resistance among the different histological subtypes of ovarian cancer may be associated with the expression of class III beta-tubulin. Umezu T, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Terauchi M, Ino K, Nawa A, Kikkawa F, Int J Gynecol Pathol 2008 27 2 207 212 18317222
68. The let-7 family of microRNAs. Roush S, Slack FJ, Trends Cell Biol 2008 18 10 505 516 10.1016/j.tcb.2008.07.007 18774294
69. Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Pasquinelli AE, Reinhart BJ, Slack F, Martindale MQ, Kuroda MI, Maller B, Hayward DC, Ball EE, Degnan B, Muller P, et al. Nature 2000 408 6808 86 89 10.1038/35040556 11081512
70. Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Takamizawa J, Konishi H, Yanagisawa K, Tomida S, Osada H, Endoh H, Harano T, Yatabe Y, Nagino M, Nimura Y, et al. Cancer Res 2004 64 11 3753 3756 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0637 15172979
71. MicroRNA microarray identifies Let-7i as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Yang N, Kaur S, Volinia S, Greshock J, Lassus H, Hasegawa K, Liang S, Leminen A, Deng S, Smith L, et al. Cancer Res 2008 68 24 10307 10314 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1954 19074899
72. RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family. Johnson SM, Grosshans H, Shingara J, Byrom M, Jarvis R, Cheng A, Labourier E, Reinert KL, Brown D, Slack FJ, Cell 2005 120 5 635 647 10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.014 15766527
73. let-7 microRNAs in development, stem cells and cancer. Bussing I, Slack FJ, Grosshans H, Trends Mol Med 2008 14 9 400 409 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.07.001 18674967
74. The let-7 microRNA represses cell proliferation pathways in human cells. Johnson CD, Esquela-Kerscher A, Stefani G, Byrom M, Kelnar K, Ovcharenko D, Wilson M, Wang X, Shelton J, Shingara J, et al. Cancer Res 2007 67 16 7713 7722 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1083 17699775
75. MicroRNA let-7b targets important cell cycle molecules in malignant melanoma cells and interferes with anchorage-independent growth. Schultz J, Lorenz P, Gross G, Ibrahim S, Kunz M, Cell Res 2008 18 5 549 557 10.1038/cr.2008.45 18379589
76. Genomic DNA Copy-Number Alterations of the let-7 Family in Human Cancers. Wang Y, Hu X, Greshock J, Shen L, Yang X, Shao Z, Liang S, Tanyi JL, Sood AK, Zhang L, PLoS One 2012 7 9 44399 10.1371/journal.pone.0044399 22970210
77. Systematic analysis of microRNA involved in resistance of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell to doxorubicin. Chen GQ, Zhao ZW, Zhou HY, Liu YJ, Yang HJ, Med Oncol 2010 27 2 406 415 10.1007/s12032-009-9225-9 19412672
78. MicroRNAs modulate the chemosensitivity of tumor cells. Blower PE, Chung JH, Verducci JS, Lin S, Park JK, Dai Z, Liu CG, Schmittgen TD, Reinhold WC, Croce CM, et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2008 7 1 1 9 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0573 18187804
79. MicroRNAs as potential agents to alter resistance to cytotoxic anticancer therapy. Weidhaas JB, Babar I, Nallur SM, Trang P, Roush S, Boehm M, Gillespie E, Slack FJ, Cancer Res 2007 67 23 11111 11116 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2858 18056433
80. Let-7 modulates acquired resistance of ovarian cancer to Taxanes via IMP-1-mediated stabilization of multidrug resistance 1. Boyerinas B, Park SM, Murmann AE, Gwin K, Montag AG, Zillhardt M, Hua YJ, Lengyel E, Peter ME, Int J Cancer 2012 130 8 1787 1797 10.1002/ijc.26190 21618519
81. MicroRNA let-7a: a potential marker for selection of paclitaxel in ovarian cancer management. Lu L, Schwartz P, Scarampi L, Rutherford T, Canuto EM, Yu H, Katsaros D, Gynecol Oncol 2011 122 2 366 371 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.04. 033 21571355
82. Frequent downregulation of miR-34 family in human ovarian cancers. Corney DC, Hwang CI, Matoso A, Vogt M, Flesken-Nikitin A, Godwin AK, Kamat AA, Sood AK, Ellenson LH, Hermeking H, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2010 16 4 1119 1128 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2642 20145172
83. A link between mir-100 and FRAP1/mTOR in clear cell ovarian cancer. Nagaraja AK, Creighton CJ, Yu Z, Zhu H, Gunaratne PH, Reid JG, Olokpa E, Itamochi H, Ueno NT, Hawkins SM, et al. Mol Endocrinol 2010 24 2 447 463 10.1210/me.2009-0295 20081105
84. Prognostic implications of microRNA-100 and its functional roles in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Peng DX, Luo M, Qiu LW, He YL, Wang XF, Oncol Rep 2012 27 4 1238 1244 22246341
85. mTOR is a promising therapeutic target both in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Mabuchi S, Kawase C, Altomare DA, Morishige K, Sawada K, Hayashi M, Tsujimoto M, Yamoto M, Klein-Szanto AJ, Schilder RJ, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2009 15 17 5404 5413 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0365 19690197
86. Molecular profiling uncovers a p53-associated role for microRNA-31 in inhibiting the proliferation of serous ovarian carcinomas and other cancers. Creighton CJ, Fountain MD, Yu Z, Nagaraja AK, Zhu H, Khan M, Olokpa E, Zariff A, Gunaratne PH, Matzuk MM, et al. Cancer Res 2010 70 5 1906 1915 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3875 20179198
87. Relation between microRNA expression and progression and prognosis of gastric cancer: a microRNA expression analysis. Ueda T, Volinia S, Okumura H, Shimizu M, Taccioli C, Rossi S, Alder H, Liu CG, Oue N, Yasui W, et al. Lancet Oncol 2010 11 2 136 146 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70343-2 20022810
88. microRNA-214 contributes to melanoma tumour progression through suppression of TFAP2C. Penna E, Orso F, Cimino D, Tenaglia E, Lembo A, Quaglino E, Poliseno L, Haimovic A, Osella-Abate S, De Pitta C, et al. EMBO J 2011 30 10 1990 2007 10.1038/emboj.2011.102 21468029
89. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Ambs S, Cimmino A, Petrocca F, Visone R, Iorio M, Roldo C, Ferracin M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 103 7 2257 2261 10.1073/pnas.0510565103 16461460
90. MicroRNA expression profiling of human breast cancer identifies new markers of tumor subtype. Blenkiron C, Goldstein LD, Thorne NP, Spiteri I, Chin SF, Dunning MJ, Barbosa-Morais NL, Teschendorff AE, Green AR, Ellis IO, et al. Genome Biol 2007 8 10 214 10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r214 17922911
91. Plexin-B1 is a target of miR-214 in cervical cancer and promotes the growth and invasion of HeLa cells. Qiang R, Wang F, Shi LY, Liu M, Chen S, Wan HY, Li YX, Li X, Gao SY, Sun BC, et al. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011 43 4 632 641 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.01.002 21216304
92. AKT plays a central role in tumorigenesis. Testa JR, Bellacosa A, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 98 20 10983 10985 10.1073/pnas.211430998 11572954
93. TWISTing stemness, inflammation and proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells through MIR199A2/214. Yin G, Chen R, Alvero AB, Fu HH, Holmberg J, Glackin C, Rutherford T, Mor G, Oncogene 2010 29 24 3545 3553 10.1038/onc.2010.111 20400975
94. TWIST, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, can regulate the human osteogenic lineage. Lee MS, Lowe GN, Strong DD, Wergedal JE, Glackin CA, J Cell Biochem 1999 75 4 566 577 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991215)75:4<566:: AID-JCB3>3.0.CO;2-0 10572240
95. Human Dermo-1 has attributes similar to twist in early bone development. Lee MS, Lowe G, Flanagan S, Kuchler K, Glackin CA, Bone 2000 27 5 591 602 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00380-X 11062344
96. A twist code determines the onset of osteoblast differentiation. Bialek P, Kern B, Yang X, Schrock M, Sosic D, Hong N, Wu H, Yu K, Ornitz DM, Olson EN, et al. Dev Cell 2004 6 3 423 435 10.1016/S1534-5807(04)00058-9 15030764
97. Twist is required for patterning the cranial nerves and maintaining the viability of mesodermal cells. Ota MS, Loebel DA, O'Rourke MP, Wong N, Tsoi B, Tam PP, Dev Dyn 2004 230 2 216 228 10.1002/dvdy.20047 15162501
98. Distinct microRNA expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia with common translocations. Li Z, Lu J, Sun M, Mi S, Zhang H, Luo RT, Chen P, Wang Y, Yan M, Qian Z, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 105 40 15535 15540 10.1073/pnas.0808266105 18832181
99. Nodal induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activin receptor-like kinase 7. Xu G, Zhong Y, Munir S, Yang BB, Tsang BK, Peng C, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004 89 11 5523 5534 10.1210/jc.2004-0893 15531507
100. Role of the miR-106b-25 microRNA cluster in hepatocellular carcinoma. Li Y, Tan W, Neo TW, Aung MO, Wasser S, Lim SG, Tan TM, Cancer Sci 2009 100 7 1234 1242 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01164.x 19486339
101. MicroRNA miR-93 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting integrin-beta8. Fang L, Deng Z, Shatseva T, Yang J, Peng C, Du WW, Yee AJ, Ang LC, He C, Shan SW, et al. Oncogene 2011 30 7 806 821 10.1038/onc.2010.465 20956944
102. Involvement of microRNA-93, a new regulator of PTEN/Akt signaling pathway, in regulation of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. Fu X, Tian J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Hao Q, FEBS Lett 2012 586 9 1279 1286 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.006 22465665
103. AKT and mTOR phosphorylation is frequently detected in ovarian cancer and can be targeted to disrupt ovarian tumor cell growth. Altomare DA, Wang HQ, Skele KL, De Rienzo A, Klein-Szanto AJ, Godwin AK, Testa JR, Oncogene 2004 23 34 5853 5857 10.1038/sj.onc.1207721 15208673
104. miR-21-mediated tumor growth. Si ML, Zhu S, Wu H, Lu Z, Wu F, Mo YY, Oncogene 2007 26 19 2799 2803 10.1038/sj.onc.1210083 17072344
105. Altered expression of miR-21, miR-31, miR-143 and miR-145 is related to clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer. Slaby O, Svoboda M, Fabian P, Smerdova T, Knoflickova D, Bednarikova M, Nenutil R, Vyzula R, Oncology 2007 72 5-6 397 402 18196926
106. MicroRNA-21 promotes the cell proliferation, invasion and migration abilities in ovarian epithelial carcinomas through inhibiting the expression of PTEN protein. Lou Y, Yang X, Wang F, Cui Z, Huang Y, Int J Mol Med 2010 26 6 819 827 21042775
107. Akt2 regulates all Akt isoforms and promotes resistance to hypoxia through induction of miR-21 upon oxygen deprivation. Polytarchou C, Iliopoulos D, Hatziapostolou M, Kottakis F, Maroulakou I, Struhl K, Tsichlis PN, Cancer Res 2011 71 13 4720 4731 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0365 21555366
108. An inhibitory effect of miR-22 on cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer. Li J, Liang S, Yu H, Zhang J, Ma D, Lu X, Gynecol Oncol 2010 119 3 543 548 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.08.034 20869762
109. Deregulation of miR-519a, 153, and 485-5p and its clinicopathological relevance in ovarian epithelial tumours. Kim TH, Kim YK, Kwon Y, Heo JH, Kang H, Kim G, An HJ, Histopathology 2010 57 5 734 743 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03686.x 21083603
110. Hypermethylation of let-7a-3 in epithelial ovarian cancer is associated with low insulin-like growth factor-II expression and favorable prognosis. Lu L, Katsaros D, de la Longrais IA, Sochirca O, Yu H, Cancer Res 2007 67 21 10117 10122 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2544 17974952
111. A miR-200 microRNA cluster as prognostic marker in advanced ovarian cancer. Hu X, Macdonald DM, Huettner PC, Feng Z, El Naqa IM, Schwarz JK, Mutch DG, Grigsby PW, Powell SN, Wang X, Gynecol Oncol 2009 114 3 457 464 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.05.022 19501389
112. MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Taylor DD, Gercel-Taylor C, Gynecol Oncol 2008 110 1 13 21 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.033 18589210
113. Let-7 expression defines two differentiation stages of cancer. Shell S, Park SM, Radjabi AR, Schickel R, Kistner EO, Jewell DA, Feig C, Lengyel E, Peter ME, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 104 27 11400 11405 10.1073/pnas.0704372104 17600087
114. Targeting microRNAs in cancer: rationale, strategies and challenges. Garzon R, Marcucci G, Croce CM, Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010 9 10 775 789 10.1038/nrd3179 20885409
115. A single anti-microRNA antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (AMO) targeting multiple microRNAs offers an improved approach for microRNA interference. Lu Y, Xiao J, Lin H, Bai Y, Luo X, Wang Z, Yang B, Nucleic Acids Res 2009 37 3 24 10.1093/nar/gkn1053 19136465
116. Regression of murine lung tumors by the let-7 microRNA. Trang P, Medina PP, Wiggins JF, Ruffino L, Kelnar K, Omotola M, Homer R, Brown D, Bader AG, Weidhaas JB, et al. Oncogene 2010 29 11 1580 1587 10.1038/onc.2009.445 19966857
117. Systemic delivery of tumor suppressor microRNA mimics using a neutral lipid emulsion inhibits lung tumors in mice. Trang P, Wiggins JF, Daige CL, Cho C, Omotola M, Brown D, Weidhaas JB, Bader AG, Slack FJ, Mol Ther 2011 19 6 1116 1122 10.1038/mt.2011.48 21427705
118. Restitution of tumor suppressor microRNAs using a systemic nanovector inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in mice. Pramanik D, Campbell NR, Karikari C, Chivukula R, Kent OA, Mendell JT, Maitra A, Mol Cancer Ther 2011 10 8 1470 1480 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0152 21622730
119. Modulation of microRNA processing by p53. Suzuki HI, Yamagata K, Sugimoto K, Iwamoto T, Kato S, Miyazono K, Nature 2009 460 7254 529 533 10.1038/nature08199 19626115
120. The microRNA miR-34a inhibits prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis by directly repressing CD44. Liu C, Kelnar K, Liu B, Chen X, Calhoun-Davis T, Li H, Patrawala L, Yan H, Jeter C, Honorio S, et al. Nat Med 2011 17 2 211 215 10.1038/nm.2284 21240262
121. Small molecule enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2-mediated microRNA processing. Melo S, Villanueva A, Moutinho C, Davalos V, Spizzo R, Ivan C, Rossi S, Setien F, Casanovas O, Simo-Riudalbas L, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 108 11 4394 4399 10.1073/pnas.1014720108 21368194
122. A small molecule enhances RNA interference and promotes microRNA processing. Shan G, Li Y, Zhang J, Li W, Szulwach KE, Duan R, Faghihi MA, Khalil AM, Lu L, Paroo Z, et al. Nat Biotechnol 2008 26 8 933 940 10.1038/nbt.1481 18641635
123. ID4 imparts chemoresistance and cancer stemness to glioma cells by derepressing miR-9*-mediated suppression of SOX2. Jeon HM, Sohn YW, Oh SY, Kim SH, Beck S, Kim S, Kim H, Cancer Res 2011 71 9 3410 3421 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3340 21531766
124. Oncogenic HER2{Delta}16 suppresses miR-15a/16 and deregulates BCL-2 to promote endocrine resistance of breast tumors. Cittelly DM, Das PM, Salvo VA, Fonseca JP, Burow ME, Jones FE, Carcinogenesis 2010 31 12 2049 2057 10.1093/carcin/bgq192 20876285
125. Identification of microRNA-21 as a biomarker for chemoresistance and clinical outcome following adjuvant therapy in resectable pancreatic cancer. Hwang JH, Voortman J, Giovannetti E, Steinberg SM, Leon LG, Kim YT, Funel N, Park JK, Kim MA, Kang GH, et al. PLoS One 2010 5 5 10630 10.1371/journal.pone. 0010630 20498843