Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in ischemic retinopathy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Li, Suk Yee ^a   Fu, Zhong Jie ^a   Lo, Amy C Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTI-OXIDANTS; ANTIOXIDATIVE SYSTEM; CELLULAR STRUCTURE; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE; NADPH OXIDASE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATES; OCULAR DISEASE; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; OXIDATIVE PROCESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RETINAL CELLS; RETINAL ISCHEMIA; RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; STRESS-INDUCED DAMAGE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES; THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION; UNDERLYING MECHANISM; VITAMIN-E;

AMIDES; CELL MEMBRANES; CYTOLOGY; EYE PROTECTION; FREE RADICALS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; OPHTHALMOLOGY; OXIDANTS; OXYGEN;

OXIDATIVE STRESS;

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CATALASE; ERYTHROPOIETIN; GLUTATHIONE; NITRIC OXIDE; PROTEIN KINASE B; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; STAT PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; XANTHOPHYLL; ZINC; ANTIOXIDANT; OXIDIZING AGENT;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; LIPID PEROXIDATION; NITRATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXYGEN THERAPY; RETINA ISCHEMIA; RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; ANOXIA; DRUG EFFECT; ISCHEMIA; PATHOLOGY; RETINA DISEASE;

ANIMALS; ANOXIA; ANTIOXIDANTS; HUMANS; ISCHEMIA; OXIDANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RETINAL DISEASES;

EID: 84869014083     PISSN: 19420900     EISSN: 19420994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/426769     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Sickel W., Electrical and metabolic manifestations of receptor and higher-order neuron activity in vertebrate retina. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1972 24 101 118 2-s2.0-0015478907
2. Valko M., Morris H., Cronin M. T. D., Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2005 12 10 1161 1208 2-s2.0-18544371009 10.2174/0929867053764635 (Pubitemid 40655271)
3. Dröge W., Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiological Reviews 2002 82 1 47 95 2-s2.0-0036086130 (Pubitemid 34654215)
4. Steinbeck M. J., Khan A. U., Karnovsky M. J., Extracellular production of singlet oxygen by stimulated macrophages quantified using 9,10- diphenylanthracene and perylene in a polystyrene film. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993 268 21 15649 15654 2-s2.0-0027185676 (Pubitemid 23222062)
5. Agnez-Lima L. F., Melo J. T., Silva A. E., Oliveira A. H., Timoteo A. R., Lima-Bessa K. M., Martinez G. R., Medeiros M. H., Di Mascio P., Galhardo R. S., Menck CF. DNA damage by singlet oxygen and cellular protective mechanisms. Mutation Research. In press
6. Cuzzocrea S., Riley D. P., Caputi A. P., Salvemini D., Antioxidant therapy: a new pharmacological approach in shock, inflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacological Reviews 2001 53 1 135 159 2-s2.0-0035101472 (Pubitemid 32173112)
7. Chance B., Sies H., Boveris A., Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiological Reviews 1979 59 3 527 605 2-s2.0-0018776894 (Pubitemid 9236599)
8. Osborne N. N., Casson R. J., Wood J. P. M., Chidlow G., Graham M., Melena J., Retinal ischemia: mechanisms of damage and potential therapeutic strategies. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2004 23 1 91 147 2-s2.0-0842282082 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2003.12.001 (Pubitemid 38180539)
9. Erdélyi K., Bakondi E., Gergely P., Szabó C., Virág L., Pathophysiologic role of oxidative stress-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation: focus on cell death and transcriptional regulation. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2005 62 7-8 751 759 2-s2.0-18544375428 10.1007/s00018-004-4506-0 (Pubitemid 40655625)
10. Elahi M. M., Kong Y. X., Matata B. M., Oxidative stress as a mediator of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2009 2 5 259 269 2-s2.0-77953415757 10.4161/oxim.2.5.9441
11. Squier T. C., Oxidative stress and protein aggregation during biological aging. Experimental Gerontology 2001 36 9 1539 1550 2-s2.0-0034881033 10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00139-5 (Pubitemid 32768730)
12. Valko M., Leibfritz D., Moncol J., Cronin M. T. D., Mazur M., Telser J., Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 2007 39 1 44 84 2-s2.0-33749986298 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001 (Pubitemid 44566469)
13. 2+ Biochemistry 2003 68 4 391 398 2-s2.0-0037644662 10.1023/A:1023691628110
14. Tsutsui H., Kinugawa S., Matsushima S., Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in myocardial remodelling. Cardiovascular Research 2009 81 3 449 456 2-s2.0-59449104627 10.1093/cvr/cvn280
15. Greco T., Shafer J., Fiskum G., Sulforaphane inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition and oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2011 51 2164 2171 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.017
16. Li S. Y., Fu Z. J., Ma H., Jang W. C., So K. F., Wong D., Lo A. C. Y., Effect of lutein on retinal neurons and oxidative stress in a model of acute retinal ischemia/reperfusion. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2009 50 2 836 843 2-s2.0-59449098831 10.1167/iovs.08-2310
17. Shibuki H., Katai N., Yodoi J., Uchida K., Yoshimura N., Lipid peroxidation and peroxynitrite in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2000 41 11 3607 3614 2-s2.0-0033778872
18. Kowluru R. A., Zhong Q., Beyond AREDS: is there a place for antioxidant therapy in the prevention/treatment of eye disease? Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2011 52 8665 8671 10.1167/iovs.10-6768
19. Yang Y., Hayden M. R., Sowers S., Bagree S. V., Sowers J. R., Retinal redox stress and remodeling in cardiometabolic syndrome and diabetes. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2010 3 6 392 403 2-s2.0-79951523106
20. Davis M. D., Diabetic retinopathy: a clinical overview. Diabetes Care 1992 15 12 1844 1874 2-s2.0-0026469096
21. Cheung A. K. H., Lo A. C. Y., So K. F., Chung S. S. M., Chung S. K., Gene deletion and pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase protect against retinal ischemic injury. Experimental Eye Research 2007 85 5 608 616 2-s2.0-35549010197 10.1016/j.exer.2007.07.013 (Pubitemid 350011098)
22. Brownlee M., Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001 414 6865 813 820 2-s2.0-0035856980 10.1038/414813a (Pubitemid 34000785)
23. Brownlee M., The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005 54 6 1615 1625 2-s2.0-20044376702 10.2337/diabetes.54. 6.1615 (Pubitemid 40770750)
24. Hattori T., Matsubara A., Taniguchi K., Ogura Y., Aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions in experimental diabetic rat retina in vivo. Current Eye Research 2010 35 2 146 154 2-s2.0-76749085691 10.3109/02713680903447918
25. Obrosova I. G., Minchenko A. G., Vasupuram R., White L., Abatan O. I., Kumagai A. K., Frank R. N., Stevens M. J., Aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetes 2003 52 3 864 871 2-s2.0-0344837811 10.2337/diabetes.52.3.864 (Pubitemid 36323597)
26. Kato N., Yashima S., Suzuki T., Nakayama Y., Jomori T., Long-term treatment with fidarestat suppresses the development of diabetic retinopathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 2003 17 6 374 379 2-s2.0-0142138124 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00193-9 (Pubitemid 37315949)
27. Obrosova I. G., Maksimchyk Y., Pacher P., Agardh E., Smith M. L., El-Remessy A. B., Agardh C. D., Evaluation of the aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 2010 26 1 135 142 2-s2.0-77954735649 10.3892/ijmm-00000445
28. Agardh C. D., Agardh E., Obrosova I. G., Smith M. L., The aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat suppresses ischemia-reperfusion- induced inflammatory response in Rat Retina. Pharmacology 2009 84 5 257 263 2-s2.0-70349261110 10.1159/000241733
29. Nitti M., Furfaro A. L., Traverso N., Odetti P., Storace D., Cottalasso D., Pronzato M. A., Marinari U. M., Domenicotti C., PKC delta and NADPH oxidase in AGE-induced neuronal death. Neuroscience Letters 2007 416 3 261 265 2-s2.0-33947596877 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.013 (Pubitemid 46483861)
30. Nitti M., D'Abramo C., Traverso N., Verzola D., Garibotto G., Poggi A., Odetti P., Cottalasso D., Marinari U. M., Pronzato M. A., Domenicotti C., Central role of PKC δ in glycoxidation-dependent apoptosis of human neurons. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2005 38 7 846 856 2-s2.0-20044382600 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.12.002 (Pubitemid 40321076)
31. Pazdro R., Burgess J. R., Differential effects of alpha-tocopherol and N-acetyl-cysteine on advanced glycation end product-induced oxidative damage and neurite degeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2012 1822 550 556 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.01.003
32. Yamagishi S. I., Amano S., Inagaki Y., Okamoto T., Takeuchi M., Makita Z., Beraprost sodium, a prostaglandin I2 analogue, protects against advanced glycation end products-induced injury in cultured retinal pericytes. Molecular Medicine 2002 8 9 546 550 2-s2.0-0036765450 (Pubitemid 36332366)
33. Yamagishi S. I., Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in vascular damage in diabetes. Experimental Gerontology 2011 46 4 217 224 2-s2.0-79952707168 10.1016/j.exger.2010.11.007
34. Pacher P., Szabó C., Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications: endothelial dysfunction, as a common underlying theme. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2005 7 11-12 1568 1580 2-s2.0-28844462418 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1568 (Pubitemid 41767992)
35. Radi R., Cassina A., Hodara R., Quijano C., Castro L., Peroxynitrite reactions and formation in mitochondria. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002 33 11 1451 1464 2-s2.0-0036890524 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01111-5 (Pubitemid 35351588)
36. Radi R., Cassina A., Hodara R., Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite interactions with mitochondria. Biological Chemistry 2002 383 3-4 401 409 2-s2.0-0036244508 10.1515/BC.2002.044 (Pubitemid 34506280)
37. Kowluru R. A., Kowluru V., Xiong Y., Ho Y. S., Overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in mice protects the retina from diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2006 41 8 1191 1196 2-s2.0-33749070956 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.012 (Pubitemid 44466317)
38. Kowluru R. A., Atasi L., Ho Y. S., Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2006 47 4 1594 1599 2-s2.0-33645964980 10.1167/iovs.05-1276 (Pubitemid 46780770)
39. Zhong Q., Kowluru R. A., Diabetic retinopathy and damage to mitochondrial structure and transport machinery. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2011 52 8739 8746
40. Phaneuf S., Leeuwenburgh C., Cytochrome c release from mitochondria in the aging heart: a possible mechanism for apoptosis with age. American Journal of Physiology 2002 282 2 R423 R430 2-s2.0-0036081753 (Pubitemid 34664592)
41. De Giorgi F., Lartigue L., Bauer M. K., Schubert A., Grimm S., Hanson G. T., Remington S. J., Youle R. J., Ichas F., The permeability transition pore signals apoptosis by directing Bax translocation and multimerization. The FASEB Journal 2002 16 6 607 609 2-s2.0-0036548511
42. Anuradha C. D., Kanno S., Hirano S., Oxidative damage to mitochondria is a preliminary step to caspase-3 activation in fluoride-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2001 31 3 367 373 2-s2.0-0035426001 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00591-3 (Pubitemid 32675342)
43. Kowluru R. A., Diabetic retinopathy: mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal capillary cell death. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2005 7 11-12 1581 1587 2-s2.0-28844466951 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1581 (Pubitemid 41767993)
44. Oshitari T., Yamamoto S., Hata N., Roy S., Mitochondria- and caspase-dependent cell death pathway involved in neuronal degeneration in diabetic retinopathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2008 92 4 552 556 2-s2.0-41849118420 10.1136/bjo.2007.132308 (Pubitemid 351497990)
45. Kern T. S., Du Y., Miller C. M., Hatala D. A., Levin L. A., Overexpression of Bcl-2 in vascular endothelium inhibits the microvascular lesions of diabetic retinopathy. American Journal of Pathology 2010 176 5 2550 2558 2-s2.0-77952028243 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091062
46. Geraldes P., Hiraoka-Yamamoto J., Matsumoto M., Clermont A., Leitges M., Marette A., Aiello L. P., Kern T. S., King G. L., Activation of PKC-and SHP-1 by hyperglycemia causes vascular cell apoptosis and diabetic retinopathy. Nature Medicine 2009 15 11 1298 1306 2-s2.0-70449108112 10.1038/nm.2052
47. Miranda S., Gonzalez-Rodriguez A., Garcia-Ramirez M., Revuelta-Cervantes J., Hernandez C., Simo R., Valverde A. M., Beneficial effects of fenofibrate in retinal pigment epithelium by the modulation of stress and survival signaling under diabetic conditions. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2012 227 2352 2362 10.1002/jcp.22970
48. El-Remessy A. B., Rajesh M., Mukhopadhyay P., Horváth B., Patel V., Al-Gayyar M. M. H., Pillai B. A., Pacher P., Cannabinoid 1 receptor activation contributes to vascular inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy and a human retinal cell line. Diabetologia 2011 54 1567 1578 2-s2.0-79952076937 10.1007/s00125-011-2061-4
49. Qin X., Zhang Z., Xu H., Wu Y., Notch signaling protects retina from nuclear factor-kappaB- and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-mediated apoptosis under high-glucose stimulation. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2011 43 703 711 10.1093/abbs/gmr069
50. Zheng L., Szabó C., Kern T. S., Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy via regulation of nuclear factor- κ B. Diabetes 2004 53 11 2960 2967 2-s2.0-7044229731 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2960 (Pubitemid 39425922)
51. Garcia Soriano F., Virág L., Jagtap P., Szabó É.., Mabley J. G., Liaudet L., Marton A., Hoyt D. G., Murthy K. G. K., Salzman A. L., Southan G. J., Szabó C., Diabetic endothelial dysfunction: the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Nature Medicine 2001 7 1 108 113 2-s2.0-0035136240 10.1038/83241 (Pubitemid 32095649)
52. Terry T. L., Fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent tunica vasculosa lentis in infants born prematurely: II. Report of cases-clinical aspects. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 1942 40 262 284
53. Terry T. L., Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline lens. I. Preliminary report. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1942 25 2 203 204 2-s2.0-0000473767
54. Rivera J. C., Sapieha P., Joyal J. S., Duhamel F., Shao Z., Sitaras N., Picard E., Zhou E., Lachapelle P., Chemtob S., Understanding retinopathy of prematurity: update on pathogenesis. Neonatology 2011 100 343 353 10.1159/000330174
55. 2-rich environment: the antioxidant enzymes in the developing rabbit lung. Pediatric Research 1984 18 3 240 244 2-s2.0-0021289034 (Pubitemid 14166124)
56. Qanungo S., Mukherjea M., Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2000 215 1-2 11 19 2-s2.0-0034500730 10.1023/A:1026511420505 (Pubitemid 32094938)
57. Ates O., Alp H. H., Caner I., Yildirim A., Tastekin A., Kocer I., Baykal O., Oxidative DNA damage in retinopathy of prematurity. European Journal of Ophthalmology 2009 19 1 80 85 2-s2.0-69249105051
58. Byfield G., Budd S., Elizabeth Hartnett M., The role of supplemental oxygen and JAK/STAT signaling in intravitreous neovascularization in a ROP rat model. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2009 50 7 3360 3365 2-s2.0-67649948987 10.1167/iovs.08-3256
59. Elizabeth Hartnett M., The effects of oxygen stresses on the development of features of severe retinopathy of prematurity: knowledge from the 50/10 OIR model. Documenta Ophthalmologica 2010 120 1 25 39 2-s2.0-77249149319 10.1007/s10633-009-9181-x
60. Connor K. M., Sangiovanni J. P., Lofqvist C., Aderman C. M., Chen J., Higuchi A., Hong S., Pravda E. A., Majchrzak S., Carper D., Hellstrom A., Kang J. X., Chew E. Y., Salem N., Serhan C. N., Smith L. E. H., Increased dietary intake of ω -3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nature Medicine 2007 13 7 868 873 2-s2.0-34447119437 10.1038/nm1591 (Pubitemid 47038185)
61. Penn J. S., Thum L. A., Naash M. I., Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: vitamins C and E as potential therapies. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 1992 33 6 1836 1845 2-s2.0-0026755270
62. Kaur C., Sivakumar V., Foulds W. S., Luu C. D., Ling E. A., Cellular and vascular changes in the retina of neonatal rats after an acute exposure to hypoxia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2009 50 11 5364 5374 2-s2.0-78649398520 10.1167/iovs.09-3552
63. Abdelsaid M. A., Pillai B. A., Matragoon S., Prakash R., Al-Shabrawey M., El-Remessy A. B., Early intervention of tyrosine nitration prevents vaso-obliteration and neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2010 332 1 125 134 2-s2.0-73949127943 10.1124/jpet.109.157941
64. Brooks S. E., Gu X., Samuel S., Marcus D. M., Bartoli M., Huang P. L., Caldwell R. B., Reduced severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy in eNOS-deficient mice. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2001 42 1 222 228 2-s2.0-0035171032 (Pubitemid 32059434)
65. Kim W. T., Suh E. S., Retinal protective effects of resveratrol via modulation of nitric oxide synthase on oxygen-induced retinopathy. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2010 24 2 108 118 2-s2.0-77954723690 10.3341/kjo.2010.24.2.108
66. Romagnoli C., Risk factors and growth factors in ROP. Early Human Development 2009 85 S79 S82 2-s2.0-76249101989
67. Hellstrom A., Perruzzi C., Ju M., Engström E., Hård A. L., Liu J. L., Albertsson-Wikland K., Carlsson B., Niklasson A., Sjödell L., LeRoith D., Senger D. R., Smith L. E. H., Low IGF-I suppresses VEGF-survival signaling in retinal endothelial cells: direct correlation with clinical retinopathy of prematurity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 98 10 5804 5808 2-s2.0-14344279279 10.1073/pnas.101113998 (Pubitemid 32435723)
68. Kermorvant-Duchemin E., Sapieha P., Sirinyan M., Beauchamp M., Checchin D., Hardy P., Sennlaub F., Lachapelle P., Chemtob S., Understanding ischemic retinopathies: emerging concepts from oxygen-induced retinopathy. Documenta Ophthalmologica 2010 120 1 51 60 2-s2.0-77249161127 10.1007/s10633-009-9201-x
69. Chen B., Caballero S., Seo S., Grant M. B., Lewin A. S., Delivery of antioxidant enzyme genes to protect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to retinal microvasculature. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2009 50 12 5587 5595 2-s2.0-73349128447 10.1167/iovs.09-3633
70. Chen B., Tang L., Protective effects of catalase on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Experimental Eye Research 2011 93 599 606 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.007
71. Yokota H., Narayanan S. P., Zhang W., Liu H., Rojas M., Xu Z., Lemtalsi T., Nagaoka T., Yoshida A., Brooks S. E., Caldwell R. W., Caldwell R. B., Neuroprotection from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by NOX2 NADPH oxidase deletion. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2011 52 8123 8131 10.1167/iovs.11-8318
72. Barakat D. J., Dvoriantchikova G., Ivanov D., Shestopalov V. I., Astroglial NF-kappaB mediates oxidative stress by regulation of NADPH oxidase in a model of retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. Journal of Neurochemistry 2012 120 586 597 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07595.x
73. Dvoriantchikova G., Barakat D., Brambilla R., Agudelo C., Hernandez E., Bethea J. R., Shestopalov V. I., Ivanov D., Inactivation of astroglial NF- κ B promotes survival of retinal neurons following ischemic injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2009 30 2 175 185 2-s2.0-67651148406 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06814.x
74. Tawfik A., Sanders T., Kahook K., Akeel S., Elmarakby A., Al-Shabrawey M., Suppression of retinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in experimental diabetes and oxygen-induced retinopathy: role of NADPH oxidase. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2009 50 2 878 884 2-s2.0-59449102868 10.1167/iovs.08-2005
75. Kuzuya T., Hoshida S., Kim Y., Oe H., Hori M., Kamada T., Tada M., Free radical generation coupled with arachidonate lipoxygenase reaction relates to reoxygenation induced myocardial cell injury. Cardiovascular Research 1993 27 6 1056 1060 2-s2.0-0027203589 (Pubitemid 23219526)
76. Song Y., Gong Y. Y., Xie Z. G., Li C. H., Gu Q., Wu X. W., Edaravone (MCI-186), a free radical scavenger, attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2008 29 7 823 828 2-s2.0-65849305886 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00822.x
77. Pazdro R., Burgess J. R., The role of vitamin E and oxidative stress in diabetes complications. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2010 131 4 276 286 2-s2.0-77952548706 10.1016/j.mad.2010.03.005
78. Aydemir O., Çelebi S., Yilmaz T., Yekeler H., Kükner A. Ş., Protective effects of vitamin E forms (alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) on retinal edema during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the guinea pig retina. International Ophthalmology 2005 25 5-6 283 289 2-s2.0-33644908499 10.1007/s10792-005-2034-z (Pubitemid 43380215)
79. Dilsiz N., Sahaboglu A., Yildiz M. Z., Reichenbach A., Protective effects of various antioxidants during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat retina. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2006 244 5 627 633 2-s2.0-33646810805 10.1007/s00417-005-0084-6
80. Raju T. N. K., Langenberg P., Bhutani V., Quinn G. E., Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: a reappraisal of published trials. Journal of Pediatrics 1997 131 6 844 850 2-s2.0-0031469853 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70031-3 (Pubitemid 28027608)
81. Brion L. P., Bell E. F., Raghuveer T. S., Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003 3 CD003665 2-s2.0-0141501352
82. Yülek F., Or M., Özoul C., Isik A. C., Ari N., Stefek M., Bauer V., Karasu C., Effects of stobadine and vitamin E in diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities: involvement of oxidative stress. Archives of Medical Research 2007 38 5 503 511 2-s2.0-34249990014 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.02.006 (Pubitemid 46881099)
83. Kowluru R. A., Kanwar M., Chan P. S., Zhang J. P., Inhibition of retinopathy and retinal metabolic abnormalities in diabetic rats with AREDS-based micronutrients. Archives of Ophthalmology 2008 126 9 1266 1272 2-s2.0-51649089406 10.1001/archopht.126.9.1266
84. Penn J. S., Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: possible contribution of peroxidation reactions. Documenta Ophthalmologica 1990 74 3 179 186 2-s2.0-0025087897 10.1007/BF02482607 (Pubitemid 20275851)
85. Block F., Schwarz M., The b-wave of the electroretinogram as an index of retinal ischemia. General Pharmacology 1998 30 3 281 287 2-s2.0-0032033296 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00359-5 (Pubitemid 28046496)
86. Dorfman A. L., Dembinska O., Chemtob S., Lachapelle P., Structural and functional consequences of trolox C treatment in the rat model of postnatal hyperoxia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2006 47 3 1101 1108 2-s2.0-33645404384 10.1167/iovs.05-0727 (Pubitemid 46768345)
87. Chen J., Connor K. M., Aderman C. M., Smith L. E. H., Erythropoietin deficiency decreases vascular stability in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008 118 2 526 533 2-s2.0-38849162389 10.1172/JCI33813 (Pubitemid 351206543)
88. Wang H., Byfield G., Jiang Y., Smith G. W., McCloskey M., Hartnett M. E., VEGF-mediated STAT3 activation inhibits retinal vascularization by down-regulating local erythropoietin expression. The American Journal of Pathology 2012 180 1243 1253 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.031
89. Romagnoli C., Tesfagabir M. G., Giannantonio C., Papacci P., Erythropoietin and retinopathy of prematurity. Early Human Development 2011 87 supplement 1 S39 S42 2-s2.0-79951812027 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.027
90. Wang Q., Pfister F., Dorn-Beineke A., Vom Hagen F., Lin J., Feng Y., Hammes H. P., Low-dose erythropoietin inhibits oxidative stress and early vascular changes in the experimental diabetic retina. Diabetologia 2010 53 6 1227 1238 2-s2.0-77952092884 10.1007/s00125-010-1727-7
91. Wang Q., Gorbey S., Pfister F., Höger S., Dorn-Beineke A., Krügel K., Berrone E., Wu L., Korff T., Lin J., Busch S., Reichenbach A., Feng Y., Hammes H. P., Long-term treatment with suberythropoietic epo is vaso- and neuroprotective in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 2011 27 6 769 782 2-s2.0-79959401477 10.1159/000330085
92. Sommerburg O., Keunen J. E. E., Bird A. C., Van Kuijk F. J. G. M., Fruits and vegetables that are sources for lutein and zeaxanthin: the macular pigment in human eyes. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1998 82 8 907 910 2-s2.0-0031658490 (Pubitemid 28408149)
93. Krinsky N. I., Landrum J. T., Bone R. A., Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. Annual Review of Nutrition 2003 23 171 201 2-s2.0-0042866149 10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073307 (Pubitemid 37059721)
94. Mangels A. R., Holden J. M., Beecher G. R., Forman M. R., Lanza E., Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: an evaluation of analytic data. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1993 93 284 296 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91553-3 (Pubitemid 23070877)
95. Ojima F., Sakamoto H., Ishiguro Y., Terao J., Consumption of carotenoids in photosensitized oxidation of human plasma and plasma low-density lipoprotein. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1993 15 4 377 384 2-s2.0-0027359212 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90037-U (Pubitemid 23283554)
96. Ribaya-Mercado J. D., Blumberg J. B., Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2004 23 567S 587S 2-s2.0-11844260781 (Pubitemid 40096745)
97. Li S. Y., Lo A. C. Y., Lutein protects RGC-5 cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2010 11 5 2109 2117 2-s2.0-77953394914 10.3390/ijms11052109
98. Muriach M., Bosch-Morell F., Alexander G., Blomhoff R., Barcia J., Arnal E., Almansa I., Romero F. J., Miranda M., Lutein effect on retina and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2006 41 6 979 984 2-s2.0-33747361275 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.023 (Pubitemid 44247557)
99. Sasaki M., Ozawa Y., Kurihara T., Kubota S., Yuki K., Noda K., Kobayashi S., Ishida S., Tsubota K., Neurodegenerative influence of oxidative stress in the retina of a murine model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2010 53 5 971 979 2-s2.0-77952089530 10.1007/s00125-009-1655-6
100. Dani C., Lori I., Favelli F., Frosini S., Messner H., Wanker P., De Marini S., Oretti C., Boldrini A., Massimiliano C., Bragetti P., Germini C., Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm infants to prevent retinopathy of prematurity: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2012 25 523 527 10.3109/14767058.2011.629252
101. Romagnoli C., Giannantonio C., Cota F., Papacci P., Vento G., Valente E., Purcaro V., Costa S., A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein to placebo for reducing occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2011 24 supplement 1 147 150 10.3109/14767058.2011.607618
102. Liu P. M., Fang P. C., Huang C. B., Kou H. K., Chung M. Y., Yang Y. H., Chung C. H., Risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants weighing less than 1600 g. American Journal of Perinatology 2005 22 2 115 120 2-s2.0-14644406878 10.1055/s-2005-837276 (Pubitemid 40315662)
103. Raghuveer T. S., Bloom B. T., A paradigm shift in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. Neonatology 2011 100 2 116 129 2-s2.0-79952101414 10.1159/000322848