메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2012, Pages

Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 1: Non-clinical and clinical insights

Author keywords

Biomarkers of exposure; Cigarettes; EHCSS; Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System; Harmful and potentially harmful constituents; HPHC; Smoking

Indexed keywords

1,3 BUTADIENE; 2 METHYLANILINE; 2 NAPHTHYLAMINE; 4 (METHYLNITROSAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANONE; 4 BIPHENYLAMINE; ACROLEIN; BENZENE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARBON MONOXIDE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; MUTAGENIC AGENT; NEUTRAL RED; NICOTINE; PYRENE;

EID: 84868342268     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.08.008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (111)
  • 1
    • 21244460472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of inhalation volume and breath-hold duration on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations curing cigarette smoking
    • Armitage A.K., Dixon M., Frost B.E., Mariner D.C., Sinclair N.M. The effect of inhalation volume and breath-hold duration on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations curing cigarette smoking. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 2004, 21:240-249.
    • (2004) Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. , vol.21 , pp. 240-249
    • Armitage, A.K.1    Dixon, M.2    Frost, B.E.3    Mariner, D.C.4    Sinclair, N.M.5
  • 2
    • 33746991732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette: modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health
    • Baker R.R. Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette: modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2006, 32:373-385.
    • (2006) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 373-385
    • Baker, R.R.1
  • 3
    • 31644437967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract
    • Baker R.R., Dixon M. The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract. Inhal. Toxicol. 2006, 17:255-294.
    • (2006) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 255-294
    • Baker, R.R.1    Dixon, M.2
  • 4
    • 0024215844 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction
    • Benowitz N.L. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. New Engl. J. Med. 1988, 319:1318-1330.
    • (1988) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.319 , pp. 1318-1330
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 5
    • 0027958225 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine
    • Benowitz N.L., Jacob P., Fong I., Gupta S. Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1994, 268:296-303.
    • (1994) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.268 , pp. 296-303
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2    Fong, I.3    Gupta, S.4
  • 7
    • 0030457975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suitability of S-phenyl mercapturic acid and trans-trans-muconic acid as biomarkers for exposure to low concentrations of benzene
    • Boogaard P.J., van Sittert N.J. Suitability of S-phenyl mercapturic acid and trans-trans-muconic acid as biomarkers for exposure to low concentrations of benzene. Environ. Health Perspect. 1996, 104(Suppl. 6):1151-1157.
    • (1996) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 1151-1157
    • Boogaard, P.J.1    van Sittert, N.J.2
  • 8
    • 21244481615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of complex mixtures-cigarette smoke
    • Borgerding M.F., Klus H. Analysis of complex mixtures-cigarette smoke. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2005, 57(Suppl. 1):43-73.
    • (2005) Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 43-73
    • Borgerding, M.F.1    Klus, H.2
  • 10
    • 0042371622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring human occupational and environmental exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds
    • Brandt H.C.A., Watson W.P. Monitoring human occupational and environmental exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds. Annal. Occup. Hyg. 2003, 47:349-378.
    • (2003) Annal. Occup. Hyg. , vol.47 , pp. 349-378
    • Brandt, H.C.A.1    Watson, W.P.2
  • 11
    • 84876407825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience ISO Machine Measurements of Cigarette Yields
    • Technical Briefing; Conference of the Parties (COP1), Geneva, 7 February 2006. (accessed 27.09.2011).
    • Burns, D.M., 2006. Experience ISO Machine Measurements of Cigarette Yields. Technical Briefing; Conference of the Parties (COP1), Geneva, 7 February 2006. (accessed 27.09.2011). http://www.who.int/tobacco/fctc/TobReg_COP_Burns_2.pdf.
    • (2006)
    • Burns, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 0028795256 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial mutegenicity of cigarette smoke and its interaction with ethanol
    • De Flora S., Balansky R., Gasparini L., Camoirano A. Bacterial mutegenicity of cigarette smoke and its interaction with ethanol. Mutagenesis 1995, 10:47-52.
    • (1995) Mutagenesis , vol.10 , pp. 47-52
    • De Flora, S.1    Balansky, R.2    Gasparini, L.3    Camoirano, A.4
  • 16
    • 77952317579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco product regulation: a public health approach
    • Deyton L., Sharfstein J., Hamburg M. Tobacco product regulation: a public health approach. New Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362:1753-1756.
    • (2010) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.362 , pp. 1753-1756
    • Deyton, L.1    Sharfstein, J.2    Hamburg, M.3
  • 17
    • 0004132384 scopus 로고
    • Research cigarettes
    • Lexington, University of Kentucky Printing Services.
    • Diana, J.N., Vaught, A., 1990. Research cigarettes. Lexington, University of Kentucky Printing Services.
    • (1990)
    • Diana, J.N.1    Vaught, A.2
  • 18
    • 3042700097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
    • Doll R., Peto R., Boreham J., Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004, 328:7455-7464.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 7455-7464
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Boreham, J.3    Sutherland, I.4
  • 19
    • 84868383723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A safer cigarette? a comparative study
    • ECLIPSE Expert Panel
    • ECLIPSE Expert Panel A safer cigarette? a comparative study. A Consensus Report. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000, 12(Suppl. 5):1-48.
    • (2000) A Consensus Report. Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1-48
  • 20
    • 0024991010 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 to urine mutagenicity caused by cigarette smoking. Mutat. Res. 245,
    • Einistö, P., Nohmi, T., Watanabe, M., Ishidate, Jr., M., 1990. Sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 to urine mutagenicity caused by cigarette smoking. Mutat. Res. 245, 87-92.
    • (1990) , pp. 87-92
    • Einistö, P.1    Nohmi, T.2    Watanabe, M.3    Ishidate Jr, M.4
  • 21
    • 84868342147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA), Public Law No. 111-31 (June 22, 2009).
    • Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA), 2009. Public Law No. 111-31 (June 22, 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 22
    • 32844465445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, S-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid, 3-methyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and thioethers as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke
    • Feng S., Roethig H.J., Liang Q., Kinser R., Jin Y., Scherer G., Urban M., Engl J., Riedel K. Evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, S-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid, 3-methyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and thioethers as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke. Biomarkers 2006, 11:28-52.
    • (2006) Biomarkers , vol.11 , pp. 28-52
    • Feng, S.1    Roethig, H.J.2    Liang, Q.3    Kinser, R.4    Jin, Y.5    Scherer, G.6    Urban, M.7    Engl, J.8    Riedel, K.9
  • 23
    • 57449098863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine intake in cigarette smokers in england: distribution and demographic correlates
    • Fidler J.A., Jarvis M.J., Mindell J., West R. Nicotine intake in cigarette smokers in england: distribution and demographic correlates. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2008, 17:3331-3336.
    • (2008) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. , vol.17 , pp. 3331-3336
    • Fidler, J.A.1    Jarvis, M.J.2    Mindell, J.3    West, R.4
  • 24
    • 2542465496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Guidance for Industry. Bioanalytical Method Validation. Available at: (accessed 27.09.2011).
    • Food and Drug Administration, 2001. Guidance for Industry. Bioanalytical Method Validation. Available at: (accessed 27.09.2011). http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM070107.pdf.
    • (2001)
  • 25
    • 2542465496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • FDA's Guidance for Industry " Modified Risk Tobacco Products Applications" Request for Comments Docket No. FDA-2012-D-0071. Available at (accessed May 23, 2012).
    • Food and Drug Administration, 2012a. FDA's Guidance for Industry " Modified Risk Tobacco Products Applications" Request for Comments Docket No. FDA-2012-D-0071. Available at (accessed May 23, 2012). http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm297750.htm.
    • (2012)
  • 26
    • 72649106871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke; Established List. Federal Register Vol. 77, No. 64; pp. 20034-20037 (April 3, 2012). Available at (accessed June 6, 2012).
    • Food and Drug Administration, 2012b. Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke; Established List. Federal Register Vol. 77, No. 64; pp. 20034-20037 (April 3, 2012). Available at (accessed June 6, 2012). http://www.fda.gov/downloads/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/UCM297981.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 28
    • 56149111831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS)
    • Frost-Pineda K., Zedler B.K., Liang Q., Roethig H.J. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 52:118-121.
    • (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.52 , pp. 118-121
    • Frost-Pineda, K.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Liang, Q.3    Roethig, H.J.4
  • 29
    • 56149115677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12-Week clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers
    • Frost-Pineda K., Zedler B.K., Oliveri D., Liang Q., Feng S., Roethig H.J. 12-Week clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 52:111-117.
    • (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.52 , pp. 111-117
    • Frost-Pineda, K.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Oliveri, D.3    Liang, Q.4    Feng, S.5    Roethig, H.J.6
  • 30
    • 56149121187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers
    • Frost-Pineda K., Zedler B.K., Oliveri D., Feng S., Liang Q., Roethig H.J. Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 52:104-110.
    • (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.52 , pp. 104-110
    • Frost-Pineda, K.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Oliveri, D.3    Feng, S.4    Liang, Q.5    Roethig, H.J.6
  • 34
    • 12244273572 scopus 로고
    • A summary appraisal
    • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, G.B. Gori, F.G. Bock (Eds.)
    • Gori G.B. A summary appraisal. Banbury Report: A Safe Cigarette? 1980, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York. G.B. Gori, F.G. Bock (Eds.).
    • (1980) Banbury Report: A Safe Cigarette?
    • Gori, G.B.1
  • 35
    • 0022370841 scopus 로고
    • Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailibility
    • Gori G.B., Lynch C.J. Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailibility. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1985, 5:314-326.
    • (1985) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.5 , pp. 314-326
    • Gori, G.B.1    Lynch, C.J.2
  • 39
    • 78049305427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada
    • Tobacco reporting regulations. Available at:
    • Health Canada. (2000). Tobacco reporting regulations. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/pubs/tobac-tabac/tir-rft/report-eng.php#aconstituents.
    • (2000)
  • 40
    • 0142228320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer
    • Hecht S.S. Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3:733-744.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 733-744
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 42
    • 0035860644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New DNA adducts of crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde
    • Hecht S.S., McIntee E.J., Wang M. New DNA adducts of crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Toxicology 2001, 166:31-36.
    • (2001) Toxicology , vol.166 , pp. 31-36
    • Hecht, S.S.1    McIntee, E.J.2    Wang, M.3
  • 43
    • 1842868909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine
    • Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academy Press.
    • Institute of Medicine, 2001. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academy Press.
    • (2001)
  • 45
    • 0007428697 scopus 로고
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer
    • Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An update of IARC monographs volumes 1-42. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement No. 7, IARC, Lyon, France.
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An update of IARC monographs volumes 1-42. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Supplement No. 7, IARC, Lyon, France.
    • (1987)
  • 46
    • 84868342144 scopus 로고
    • International Conference on Harmonization
    • ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline: Guideline on specific aspects of regulatory genotoxicity tests for pharmaceuticals S2A. Geneva, Switzerland, IFPMA.
    • International Conference on Harmonization, 1995. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline: Guideline on specific aspects of regulatory genotoxicity tests for pharmaceuticals S2A. Geneva, Switzerland, IFPMA.
    • (1995) International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
  • 47
    • 0004217479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Organization for Standardization
    • Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine - definitions and standard conditions. Standard 3308, fourth ed., Geneva, International Organization for Standardization.
    • International Organization for Standardization, 2000. Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine - definitions and standard conditions. Standard 3308, fourth ed., Geneva, International Organization for Standardization.
    • (2000)
  • 48
    • 84868342145 scopus 로고
    • INVITTOX, Protocol No. 3a: the FRAME modified neutral red uptake cytotoxicity test. In: The ERGATT/FRAME data bank of in vitro techniques in toxicology. Nottingham, INVITTOX.
    • INVITTOX, 1990. Protocol No. 3a: the FRAME modified neutral red uptake cytotoxicity test. In: The ERGATT/FRAME data bank of in vitro techniques in toxicology. Nottingham, INVITTOX.
    • (1990)
  • 49
    • 0035900925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers: evidence from a representative population survey
    • Jarvis M.J., Boreham R., Primatesta P., Feyerabend C., Bryant A. Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers: evidence from a representative population survey. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2001, 93:134-138.
    • (2001) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.93 , pp. 134-138
    • Jarvis, M.J.1    Boreham, R.2    Primatesta, P.3    Feyerabend, C.4    Bryant, A.5
  • 50
    • 84868342140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-Assisted Structure Identification (CASI): High-throughput identification of small molecules by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Presented at the 2nd European GCxGC Symposium, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany, 20
    • Knorr, A., Monge, A., Stueber, M., Arndt, D., Stratmann, A., Martin, E., Peitsch, M., Pospisil, M. 2011. Computer-Assisted Structure Identification (CASI): High-throughput identification of small molecules by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Presented at the 2nd European GCxGC Symposium, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany, 20-21 September 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Knorr, A.1    Monge, A.2    Stueber, M.3    Arndt, D.4    Stratmann, A.5    Martin, E.6    Peitsch, M.7    Pospisil, M.8
  • 51
    • 0030942705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of salmonella typhimurium TA 98, YG 1024 and YG 1021 and deconjugating enzymes for evaluating the mutagenicity from smokers' urine
    • Kuenemann-Migeot C., Callais F., Momas I., Festy B. Use of salmonella typhimurium TA 98, YG 1024 and YG 1021 and deconjugating enzymes for evaluating the mutagenicity from smokers' urine. Mutat. Res. 1997, 390:283-291.
    • (1997) Mutat. Res. , vol.390 , pp. 283-291
    • Kuenemann-Migeot, C.1    Callais, F.2    Momas, I.3    Festy, B.4
  • 52
    • 79960097498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers and non-smokers in a European, multicenter, observational study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 20, 1524-1536.
    • Lindner, D., Smith, S., Martin Leroy, C., Tricker, A.R., 2011. Comparison of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers and non-smokers in a European, multicenter, observational study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 20, 1524-1536.
    • (2011)
    • Lindner, D.1    Smith, S.2    Martin Leroy, C.3    Tricker, A.R.4
  • 53
    • 0020533372 scopus 로고
    • Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test
    • Maron D.M., Ames B.N. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 1983, 113:173-215.
    • (1983) Mutat. Res. , vol.113 , pp. 173-215
    • Maron, D.M.1    Ames, B.N.2
  • 54
    • 84868373858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure substantiation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 7: A one-month, randomized, ambulatory, controlled clinical study in Poland
    • Martin Leroy C., Jarus-Dziedzic K., Ancerewicz J., Lindner D., Magnette J. Reduced exposure substantiation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 7: A one-month, randomized, ambulatory, controlled clinical study in Poland. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S74-S84.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Martin Leroy, C.1    Jarus-Dziedzic, K.2    Ancerewicz, J.3    Lindner, D.4    Magnette, J.5
  • 55
    • 0035808607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid in human urine
    • Mascher D.G., Mascher H.J., Scherer G., Schmid E.R. High-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid in human urine. J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Sci. Appl. 2001, 750:163-169.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Sci. Appl. , vol.750 , pp. 163-169
    • Mascher, D.G.1    Mascher, H.J.2    Scherer, G.3    Schmid, E.R.4
  • 56
    • 0014500924 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine in cigarette smoke
    • Matsuda Y., Hoffmann D. Quantitative determination of 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine in cigarette smoke. Anal. Chem. 1969, 41:650-652.
    • (1969) Anal. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 650-652
    • Matsuda, Y.1    Hoffmann, D.2
  • 58
    • 0027343169 scopus 로고
    • Urinary trans, trans-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene in cigarette smokers
    • Melikian A.A., Prahalad A.K., Hoffmann D. Urinary trans, trans-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene in cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1993, 2:47-51.
    • (1993) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. , vol.2 , pp. 47-51
    • Melikian, A.A.1    Prahalad, A.K.2    Hoffmann, D.3
  • 59
    • 69049083346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between smoking machine derived tar yields and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers in the US
    • Mendes P., Liang Q., Frost-Pineda K., Munjal S., Walk R.A., Roethig H.J. The relationship between smoking machine derived tar yields and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers in the US. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2009, 55:17-27.
    • (2009) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.55 , pp. 17-27
    • Mendes, P.1    Liang, Q.2    Frost-Pineda, K.3    Munjal, S.4    Walk, R.A.5    Roethig, H.J.6
  • 60
    • 45849088449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced toxicological activity of cigarette smoke by the addition of ammonium magnesium phosphate to the paper of an electrically heated cigarette: subchronic inhalation toxicology
    • Moennikes O., Vanscheeuwijck P.M., Friedrichs B., Anskeit E., Patskan G.J. Reduced toxicological activity of cigarette smoke by the addition of ammonium magnesium phosphate to the paper of an electrically heated cigarette: subchronic inhalation toxicology. Inhal. Toxicol. 2008, 20:647-663.
    • (2008) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 647-663
    • Moennikes, O.1    Vanscheeuwijck, P.M.2    Friedrichs, B.3    Anskeit, E.4    Patskan, G.J.5
  • 62
    • 84868357076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
    • Test No. 471. In: OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Paris, OECD.
    • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997. Bacterial reverse mutation test. Test No. 471. In: OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Paris, OECD.
    • (1997) Bacterial reverse mutation test
  • 63
    • 0018291014 scopus 로고
    • Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. LXIV. On the analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke
    • Patrianakos C., Hoffmann D. Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. LXIV. On the analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1979, 3:150-154.
    • (1979) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.3 , pp. 150-154
    • Patrianakos, C.1    Hoffmann, D.2
  • 64
    • 0141592290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings
    • Patskan G., Reininghaus W. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2003, 23:323-328.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 323-328
    • Patskan, G.1    Reininghaus, W.2
  • 65
    • 0026503154 scopus 로고
    • Smoking behaviour and increase in nicotine and carboxyhaemoglobin in venous blood
    • Rieben F.W. Smoking behaviour and increase in nicotine and carboxyhaemoglobin in venous blood. Clin. Investig. 1992, 70:335-342.
    • (1992) Clin. Investig. , vol.70 , pp. 335-342
    • Rieben, F.W.1
  • 66
    • 33747196141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of three carcinogenic aromatic amines in urine of smokers and nonsmokers
    • Riedel K., Scherer G., Engl J., Hagedorn H.-W., Tricker A.R. Determination of three carcinogenic aromatic amines in urine of smokers and nonsmokers. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2006, 30:187-195.
    • (2006) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 187-195
    • Riedel, K.1    Scherer, G.2    Engl, J.3    Hagedorn, H.-W.4    Tricker, A.R.5
  • 68
    • 33846704825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers
    • Rodu B., Godshall W.T. Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers. Harm Reduct. J. 2006, 3:37.
    • (2006) Harm Reduct. J. , vol.3 , pp. 37
    • Rodu, B.1    Godshall, W.T.2
  • 69
    • 0348047603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of smoke from US commercial and reference cigarettes smoke under two sets of machine smoking conditions
    • Roemer E., Stabbert R., Rustemeier K., Veltel D.J., Meisgen T.J., Reininghaus W., Carchman R., Gaworski C.L., Podrazza K.F. Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of smoke from US commercial and reference cigarettes smoke under two sets of machine smoking conditions. Toxicology 2004, 195:31-52.
    • (2004) Toxicology , vol.195 , pp. 31-52
    • Roemer, E.1    Stabbert, R.2    Rustemeier, K.3    Veltel, D.J.4    Meisgen, T.J.5    Reininghaus, W.6    Carchman, R.7    Gaworski, C.L.8    Podrazza, K.F.9
  • 70
    • 40249105793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced toxicological activity of cigarette smoke by the addition of ammonium magnesium phosphate to the paper of an electrically heated cigarette: smoke chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity
    • Roemer E., Stabbert R., Veltel D.J., Müller B.P., Meisgen T.J., Schramke H., Anskeit E., Elves R.G., Fournier J.A. Reduced toxicological activity of cigarette smoke by the addition of ammonium magnesium phosphate to the paper of an electrically heated cigarette: smoke chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Toxicol. In Vitro 2008, 22:671-681.
    • (2008) Toxicol. In Vitro , vol.22 , pp. 671-681
    • Roemer, E.1    Stabbert, R.2    Veltel, D.J.3    Müller, B.P.4    Meisgen, T.J.5    Schramke, H.6    Anskeit, E.7    Elves, R.G.8    Fournier, J.A.9
  • 71
    • 16844382109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term exposure evaluation of adult smokers switching from conventional to first-generation electrically heated cigarettes during controlled smoking
    • Roethig H.J., Kinser R.D., Lau R.W., Walk R.-A., Wang N. Short-term exposure evaluation of adult smokers switching from conventional to first-generation electrically heated cigarettes during controlled smoking. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2005, 45:133-145.
    • (2005) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.45 , pp. 133-145
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Kinser, R.D.2    Lau, R.W.3    Walk, R.-A.4    Wang, N.5
  • 72
    • 33947511434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a second generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system
    • Roethig H.J., Zedler B.K., Kinser R.D., Feng S., Nelson B.L., Liang Q. Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a second generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007, 47:518-530.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 518-530
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Kinser, R.D.3    Feng, S.4    Nelson, B.L.5    Liang, Q.6
  • 73
    • 41849115533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system
    • Roethig H.J., Feng S., Liang Q., Liu J., Rees W.A., Zedler B.K. A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2008, 48:580-591.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 580-591
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Feng, S.2    Liang, Q.3    Liu, J.4    Rees, W.A.5    Zedler, B.K.6
  • 74
    • 84868342142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons
    • A report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians: London, UK.
    • Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2007. Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: helping people who can't quit. A report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians: London, UK.
    • (2007) Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: helping people who can't quit
  • 75
    • 0030890315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans, trans-Muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene
    • Ruppert T., Scherer G., Tricker A.R., Adlkofer F. Trans, trans-Muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1997, 69:247-251.
    • (1997) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.69 , pp. 247-251
    • Ruppert, T.1    Scherer, G.2    Tricker, A.R.3    Adlkofer, F.4
  • 76
    • 0032801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature
    • Scherer G. Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology 1999, 145:1-20.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.145 , pp. 1-20
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 77
    • 33750292003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carboxyhemoglobin and thiocyanate as biomarkers of exposure to carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide in tobacco smoke
    • Scherer G. Carboxyhemoglobin and thiocyanate as biomarkers of exposure to carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide in tobacco smoke. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2006, 58:101-114.
    • (2006) Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.58 , pp. 101-114
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 78
    • 33846781400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between machine-dervived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany
    • Scherer G., Engl J., Urban M., Gilch G., Janket D., Riedel K. Relationships between machine-dervived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2007, 47:171-183.
    • (2007) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 171-183
    • Scherer, G.1    Engl, J.2    Urban, M.3    Gilch, G.4    Janket, D.5    Riedel, K.6
  • 80
    • 33748035126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of literature data on smoking topography
    • In: A review of human smoking behaviour data and machine smoking of cigarettes. Report of the AD HOC WG9 Smoking Behaviour Review Team to ISO/TC 126 WG 9. Pickworth, W., Houlgate, P., Schorp, M.K., Dixon, M., Borgerding, M., Zaatari, G. (Eds.). Available at: (accessed 27.09.2011).
    • Schorp, M.K., 2005. Summary of literature data on smoking topography. In: A review of human smoking behaviour data and machine smoking of cigarettes. Report of the AD HOC WG9 Smoking Behaviour Review Team to ISO/TC 126 WG 9. Pickworth, W., Houlgate, P., Schorp, M.K., Dixon, M., Borgerding, M., Zaatari, G. (Eds.). Available at: (accessed 27.09.2011). http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/m/q/t/mqt27a00/Smqt27a00.pdf.
    • (2005)
    • Schorp, M.K.1
  • 81
    • 33748750334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay for the assessment and comparison of the mutagenic activity of cigarette smoke particulate phase
    • Schramke H., Meisgen T.J., Tewes F.J., Gomm W., Roemer E. The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay for the assessment and comparison of the mutagenic activity of cigarette smoke particulate phase. Toxicology 2006, 227:193-210.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.227 , pp. 193-210
    • Schramke, H.1    Meisgen, T.J.2    Tewes, F.J.3    Gomm, W.4    Roemer, E.5
  • 82
    • 18444361814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification
    • Nicotine Tob. Res. 4, 149-159.
    • Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification, 2002. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine Tob. Res. 4, 149-159.
    • (2002) Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation
  • 84
    • 38949113159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease
    • Stevens J.F., Meier C.S. Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52:7-25.
    • (2008) Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , vol.52 , pp. 7-25
    • Stevens, J.F.1    Meier, C.S.2
  • 85
    • 0029831684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine as biomarkers of exposure and effect
    • Strickland P., Kang D., Sithisarankul P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine as biomarkers of exposure and effect. Environ. Health Perspect. 1996, 104(Suppl. 5):927-932.
    • (1996) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 927-932
    • Strickland, P.1    Kang, D.2    Sithisarankul, P.3
  • 86
    • 33947156886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco harm reduction: how rational public policy could transform a pandemic
    • Sweanor D., Alcabes P., Drucker E. Tobacco harm reduction: how rational public policy could transform a pandemic. Int. J. Drug Policy 2007, 18:70-74.
    • (2007) Int. J. Drug Policy , vol.18 , pp. 70-74
    • Sweanor, D.1    Alcabes, P.2    Drucker, E.3
  • 89
    • 0141815464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke
    • Tewes F.J., Meisgen T.J., Veltel D.J., Roemer E., Patskan G. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2003, 23:341-348.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 341-348
    • Tewes, F.J.1    Meisgen, T.J.2    Veltel, D.J.3    Roemer, E.4    Patskan, G.5
  • 90
    • 13844298876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on tobacco components involved in the pyrolytic generation of selected smoke constituents
    • Torikai K., Uwano Y., Nakamori T., Tarora W., Takahashi H. Study on tobacco components involved in the pyrolytic generation of selected smoke constituents. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2005, 43:559-568.
    • (2005) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.43 , pp. 559-568
    • Torikai, K.1    Uwano, Y.2    Nakamori, T.3    Tarora, W.4    Takahashi, H.5
  • 91
    • 33750899665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers derived from nicotine and its metabolites: a review
    • Tricker A.R. Biomarkers derived from nicotine and its metabolites: a review. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 2006, 22:147-175.
    • (2006) Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. , vol.22 , pp. 147-175
    • Tricker, A.R.1
  • 93
    • 84868380983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 3: 8-day randomized clinical trial in the U.K
    • Tricker A.R., Stewart A.J., Martin Leroy C., Lindner D., Schorp M.K., Dempsey R. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 3: 8-day randomized clinical trial in the U.K. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S35-S44.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Tricker, A.R.1    Stewart, A.J.2    Martin Leroy, C.3    Lindner, D.4    Schorp, M.K.5    Dempsey, R.6
  • 94
    • 84868381641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 4: 8-day randomized clinical trial in Korea
    • Tricker A.R., Jang I.J., Martin Leroy C., Lindner D., Dempsey R. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 4: 8-day randomized clinical trial in Korea. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S45-S53.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Tricker, A.R.1    Jang, I.J.2    Martin Leroy, C.3    Lindner, D.4    Dempsey, R.5
  • 95
    • 84868340004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 5: 8-day randomized clinical trial in Japan
    • Tricker A.R., Kanada S., Takada K., Martin Leroy C., Lindner D., Schorp M.K., Dempsey R. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 5: 8-day randomized clinical trial in Japan. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S54-S63.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Tricker, A.R.1    Kanada, S.2    Takada, K.3    Martin Leroy, C.4    Lindner, D.5    Schorp, M.K.6    Dempsey, R.7
  • 96
    • 84868357442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 6: 6-day randomized clinical trial of a menthol cigarette in Japan
    • Tricker A.R., Kanada S., Lindner D., Martin Leroy C., Schorp M.K., Dempsey R. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 6: 6-day randomized clinical trial of a menthol cigarette in Japan. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S64-S73.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Tricker, A.R.1    Kanada, S.2    Lindner, D.3    Martin Leroy, C.4    Schorp, M.K.5    Dempsey, R.6
  • 99
    • 49749125048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different levels of cigarette smoke exposure on prognostic heart rate and rate-pressure-product parameters
    • J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 13, 175-182.
    • Unverdorben, M., van der Bijl, A., Potgieter, L., Venter, C., Munjal, S., Qiwei Liang, Meyer, B., Roethig, H.J., 2008. Effects of different levels of cigarette smoke exposure on prognostic heart rate and rate-pressure-product parameters. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 13, 175-182.
    • (2008)
    • Unverdorben, M.1    van der Bijl, A.2    Potgieter, L.3    Venter, C.4    Munjal, S.5    Qiwei Liang Meyer, B.6    Roethig, H.J.7
  • 101
    • 46449123430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modelling approach to develop machine smoking protocols reflecting human puffing behaviour for conventional cigarettes
    • Urban H.-J., Gomm W., Schorp M.K. A modelling approach to develop machine smoking protocols reflecting human puffing behaviour for conventional cigarettes. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 2008, 23:8-18.
    • (2008) Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. , vol.23 , pp. 8-18
    • Urban, H.-J.1    Gomm, W.2    Schorp, M.K.3
  • 102
    • 84868332773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 8: Nicotine Bridging - estimating smoke constituent exposure by their relationships to both nicotine levels in mainstream smoke and in smokers
    • Urban H.-J., Tricker A.R., Leyden D.E., Forte N., Zenzen V., Feuersenger A., Assink M., Kallischnigg G., Schorp M.K. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 8: Nicotine Bridging - estimating smoke constituent exposure by their relationships to both nicotine levels in mainstream smoke and in smokers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S85-S97.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Urban, H.-J.1    Tricker, A.R.2    Leyden, D.E.3    Forte, N.4    Zenzen, V.5    Feuersenger, A.6    Assink, M.7    Kallischnigg, G.8    Schorp, M.K.9
  • 103
    • 33745242875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary mercapturic acids and a hemoglobin adduct for the dosimetry of acrylamide exposure in smokers and nonsmokers
    • Urban M., Kavvadias D., Riedel K., Scherer G., Tricker A.R. Urinary mercapturic acids and a hemoglobin adduct for the dosimetry of acrylamide exposure in smokers and nonsmokers. Inhal. Toxicol. 2006, 18:831-839.
    • (2006) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 831-839
    • Urban, M.1    Kavvadias, D.2    Riedel, K.3    Scherer, G.4    Tricker, A.R.5
  • 104
    • 84868379778 scopus 로고
    • US Consumer Products safety Commission in Consultation with the US Department of Health and Human Services
    • Toxicity plan 5. US Consumer Product Safety Commission.
    • US Consumer Products safety Commission in Consultation with the US Department of Health and Human Services, 1993. Toxicity plan 5. US Consumer Product Safety Commission.
    • (1993)
  • 105
    • 33646858444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services
    • A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking Attributable Disease. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Rockville, MD.
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010. A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking Attributable Disease. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Rockville, MD.
    • (2010)
  • 106
    • 0033938539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of exposure to 1,3-butadiene as a basis for cancer risk assessment
    • van Sittert N.J., Mergens H.J., Watson W.P., Boogaard P.J. Biomarkers of exposure to 1,3-butadiene as a basis for cancer risk assessment. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 56:189-202.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 189-202
    • van Sittert, N.J.1    Mergens, H.J.2    Watson, W.P.3    Boogaard, P.J.4
  • 108
    • 77955999328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization
    • Report of a WHO Study Group (TobReg). WHO Technical Report Series 945, Geneva.
    • World Health Organization, 2007. The scientific basis of tobacco product regulation. Report of a WHO Study Group (TobReg). WHO Technical Report Series 945, Geneva.
    • (2007) The scientific basis of tobacco product regulation
  • 109
    • 69949112474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization
    • The scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: Second report of a WHO Study Group (TobReg). Technical Report Series 951, Geneva.
    • World Health Organization, 2008. The scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: Second report of a WHO Study Group (TobReg). Technical Report Series 951, Geneva.
    • (2008)
  • 111
    • 84868365388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 2: Smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicological evaluation using smoking regimens reflecting human puffing behavior
    • Zenzen V., Diekmann J., Gerstenberg B., Weber S., Wittke S., Schorp M.K. Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 2: Smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicological evaluation using smoking regimens reflecting human puffing behavior. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64(Suppl. 1):S11-S34.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Zenzen, V.1    Diekmann, J.2    Gerstenberg, B.3    Weber, S.4    Wittke, S.5    Schorp, M.K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.