Visual working memory supports the inhibition of previously processed information: Evidence from preview search

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 643-663

  Al Aidroos, Naseem ^a   Emrich, Stephen M ^b   Ferber, Susanne ^b   Pratt, Jay ^b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attention; Inhibition; Preview search; Visual marking; Visual working memory

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); PHOTOSTIMULATION; REACTION TIME; REPETITION PRIMING; SHORT TERM MEMORY; VISION;

ATTENTION; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; REPETITION PRIMING; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 84867368265     PISSN: 00961523     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0025707     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Allen, H. A., Humphreys, G. W., & Matthews, P. M. (2008). A neural marker of content-specific active ignoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 286-297. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.2.286
2. Alvarez, G. A., & Cavanagh, P. (2004). The capacity of visual short-term memory is set both by visual information load and by number of objects. Psychological Science, 15, 106. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x
3. Anderson, J. R., Matessa, M., & Lebiere, C. (1997). ACT-R: A theory of higher level cognition and its relation to visual attention. HumanComputer Interaction, 12, 439-462. doi:10.1207/s15327051hci1204_5
4. Awh, E., & Jonides, J. (2001). Overlapping mechanisms of attention and spatial working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 119-126. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01593-X
5. Baddeley, A. (2003). Working memory: Looking back and looking forward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, 829-839. doi:10.1038/nrn1201
6. Belopolsky, A. V., & Theeuwes, J. (2009). Inhibition of saccadic eye movements to locations in spatial working memory. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 71, 620-631. doi:10.3758/APP.71.3.620
7. Braithwaite, J. J., & Humphreys, G. W. (2003). Inhibition and anticipation in visual search: Evidence from effects of color foreknowledge on preview search. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 213. doi:10.3758/BF03194796
8. Braithwaite, J. J., Humphreys, G. W., & Hodsoll, J. (2003). Ignoring color over time: The selective effects of color on preview-based visual search of static items. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 758-778. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.4.758
9. Braithwaite, J. J., Humphreys, G. W., Hulleman, J., & Watson, D. G. (2007). Fast color grouping and slow color inhibition: Evidence for distinct temporal windows for separate processes in preview search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 503-517. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.33.3.503
10. Braithwaite, J. J., Humphreys, G. W., Watson, D. G., & Hulleman, J. (2005). Revisiting preview search at isoluminance: New onsets are not necessary for the preview advantage. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 1214-1228. doi:10.3758/BF03193554
11. Brockmole, J. R., Castelhano, M. S., & Henderson, J. M. (2006). Contextual cueing in naturalistic scenes: Global and local contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & Cognition, 32, 699- 706. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.699
12. Brockmole, J. R., & Henderson, J. M. (2005). Prioritization of new objects in real-world scenes: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 857-868. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.5.857
13. Brockmole, J. R., & Henderson, J. M. (2006a). Recognition and attention guidance during contextual cueing in real-world scenes: Evidence from eye movements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 1177-1187. doi:10.1080/17470210600665996
14. Brockmole, J. R., & Henderson, J. M. (2006b). Using real-world scenes as contextual cues for search. Visual Cognition, 13, 99-108. doi:10.1080/13506280500165188
15. Bundesen, C. (1990). A theory of visual attention. Psychological Review, 97, 523-547. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.4.523
16. Carlisle, N. B., & Woodman, G. F. (2011). Automatic and strategic effects in the guidance of attention by working memory representations. Acta Psychologica, 137, 217-225. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.06.012
17. Castel, A. D., Pratt, J., & Craik, F. I. M. (2003). The role of spatial working memory in inhibition of return: Evidence from divided attention tasks. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 970. doi:10.3758/BF03194827
18. Chun, M. M., & Jiang, Y. (1998). Contextual cueing: Implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention. Cognitive Psychology, 36, 28-71. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0681
19. Chun, M. M., & Jiang, Y. (2003). Implicit, long-term spatial contextual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 224-234. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.29.2.224
20. Chun, M. M., & Wolfe, J. M. (1996). Just say no: How are visual searches terminated when there is no target present? Cognitive Psychology, 30, 39-78. doi:10.1006/cogp.1996.0002
21. Cohen, A., & Ivry, R. B. (1989). Illusory conjunctions inside and outside the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 650. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.15.4.650
22. Cohen, A., & Ivry, R. B. (1991). Density effects in conjunction search: Evidence for a coarse location mechanism of feature integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17, 891. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.17.4.891
23. Conway, A. R. A., & Engle, R. W. (1994). Working memory and retrieval: A resource-dependent inhibition model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 354-373. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.354
24. Cosman, J. D., & Vecera, S. P. (2011). The contents of visual working memory reduce uncertainty during visual search. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 73, 996-1002. doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0093-y
25. Courtney, S. M., Ungerleider, L. G., Keil, K., & Haxby, J. V. (1996). Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 39-49. doi:10.1093/cercor/6.1.39
26. Cousineau, D. (2005). Confidence intervals in within-subject designs: A simpler solution to Loftus and Masson's method. Tutorial in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 1, 42-45.
27. Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-114. doi:10.1017/S0140525X01003922
28. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
29. D'Esposito, M. (2007). From cognitive to neural models of working memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362, 761. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2086
30. Donk, M. (2006). The preview benefit: Visual marking, feature-based inhibition, temporal segregation, or onset capture? Visual Cognition, 14, 736-748. doi:10.1080/13506280500193230
31. Donk, M., Agter, F., & Pratt, J. (2009). Effects of luminance change in preview search: Offsets and onsets can be concurrently prioritized but not in isolation. Acta Psychologica, 130, 260-267. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.01.006
32. Donk, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2001). Visual marking beside the mark: Prioritizing selection by abrupt onsets. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 891-900. doi:10.3758/BF03194445
33. Donk, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2003). Prioritizing selection of new elements: Bottom-up versus top-down control. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 1231-1242. doi:10.3758/BF03194848
34. Donk, M., & Verburg, R. C. (2004). Prioritizing new elements with a brief preview period: Evidence against visual marking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 1287-1302. doi:10.3758/BF03196571
35. Downing, P. E. (2000). Interactions between visual working memory and selective attention. Psychological Science, 11, 467-473. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00290
36. Downing, P. E., & Dodds, C. M. (2004). Competition in visual working memory for control of search. Visual Cognition, 11, 689-703. doi:10.1080/13506280344000446
37. Duncan, J., & Humphreys, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological review, 96, 433. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.433
38. Emrich, S. M., Al-Aidroos, N., Pratt, J., & Ferber, S. (2009). Visual search elicits the electrophysiological marker of visual working memory. PLoS ONE, 4, e8042. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008042
39. Emrich, S. M., Al-Aidroos, N., Pratt, J., & Ferber, S. (2010). Finding memory in search: The effect of visual working memory load on visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1457-1466. doi:10.1080/17470218.2010.483768
40. Emrich, S. M., Ruppel, J. D. N., Al-Aidroos, N., Pratt, J., & Ferber, S. (2008). Out with the old: Inhibition of old items in a preview search is limited. Perception & Psychophysics, 70, 1552-1557. doi:10.3758/PP.70.8.1552
41. Engle, R. W., Conway, A. R. A., Tuholski, S. W., & Shisler, R. J. (1995). A resource account of inhibition. Psychological Science, 6, 122-125. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00318.x
42. Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 18, 1030-1030. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.18.4.1030
43. Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Wright, J. H. (1994). The structure of attentional control: Contingent attentional capture by apparent motion, abrupt onset, and color. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 317-329. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.317
44. Funahashi, S., Takeda, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2004). Neural mechanisms of spatial working memory: Contributions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 409-420. doi:10.3758/CABN.4.4.409
45. Gajewskt, D. A., & Brockmole, J. R. (2006). Feature bindings endure without attention: Evidence from an explicit recall task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 581-587. doi:10.3758/BF03193966
46. Godijn, R., & Theeuwes, J. (2002). Programming of endogenous and exogenous saccades: Evidence for a competitive integration model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 1039-1054. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.28.5.1039
47. Golomb, J. D., Chun, M. M., & Mazer, J. A. (2008). The native coordinate system of spatial attention is retinotopic. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 10654. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2525-08.2008
48. Goolsby, B. A., Shapiro, K. L., & Raymond, J. E. (2009). Distractor devaluation requires visual working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 133-138. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.1.133
49. Harrison, S. A., & Tong, F. (2009). Decoding reveals the contents of visual working memory in early visual areas. Nature, 458, 632-635. doi:10.1038/nature07832
50. Henderson, J. M., Weeks, P. A., & Hollingworth, A. (1999). The effects of semantic consistency on eye movements during complex scene viewing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 210-228. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.1.210
51. Hollingworth, A. (2009). Two forms of scene memory guide visual search: Memory for scene context and memory for the binding of target object to scene location. Visual Cognition, 17, 273-291. doi:10.1080/13506280802193367
52. Hollingworth, A., Richard, A. M., & Luck, S. J. (2008). Understanding the function of visual short-term memory: Transsaccadic memory, object correspondence, and gaze correction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 163-180. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.137.1.163
53. Houtkamp, R., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2006). The effect of items in working memory on the deployment of attention and the eyes during visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 423-442. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.423
54. Huang, L., & Pashler, H. (2007). Working memory and the guidance of visual attention: Consonance-driven orienting. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 148-153. doi:10.3758/BF03194042
55. Humphreys, G. W., Kyllingsbaek, S., Watson, D. G., Olivers, C. N. L., & Paulson, X. (2004). Parieto-occipital areas involved in efficient filtering in search: A time course analysis of visual marking using behavioral and functional imaging procedures. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 610-635.
56. Humphreys, G. W., Watson, D. G., & Jolicoeur, P. (2002). Fractionating the preview benefit in search: Dual-task decomposition of visual marking by timing and modality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 640-660. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.28.3.640
57. Irwin, D. E. (1991). Information integration across saccadic eye movements. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 420-456. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(91)90015-G
58. Irwin, D. E. (1992). Memory for position and identity across eye movements. Learning, Memory, 18, 307-317.
59. Irwin, D. E., & Andrews, R. V. (1996). Integration and accumulation of information across saccadic eye movements. In T. Inui & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Attention and performance XVI: Information integration in perception and communication (Vol. 16, pp. 125-155). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Bradford Books.
60. Jiang, Y., Chun, M. M., & Marks, L. E. (2002a). Visual marking: Dissociating effects of new and old set size. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 293-302. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.293
61. Jiang, Y., Chun, M. M., & Marks, L. E. (2002b). Visual marking: Selective attention to asynchronous temporal groups. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 717-730. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.28.3.717
62. Jiang, Y., & Wang, S. W. (2004). What kind of memory supports visual marking? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 79-91. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.30.1.79
63. Johnson, J. S., Hollingworth, A., & Luck, S. J. (2008). The role of attention in the maintenance of feature bindings in visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 41. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.1.41
64. Jolicoeur, P., & Dell'Acqua, R. (1998). The demonstration of short-term consolidation. Cognitive Psychology, 36, 138-202. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0684
65. Jonides, J. (1981). Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. Attention and performance IX, 9, 187-203.
66. Jonides, J., Lacey, S. C., & Nee, D. E. (2005). Processes of working memory in mind and brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 2-5. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00323.x
67. Kunar, M. A., Humphreys, G. W., & Smith, K. J. (2003). History matters: The preview benefit in search is not onset capture. Psychological Science, 14, 181-185. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01439
68. Kunar, M. A., Humphreys, G. W., Smith, K. J., & Hulleman, J. (2003). What is "marked" in visual marking? Evidence for effects of configuration in preview search. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 982-996. doi:10.3758/BF03194828
69. Logan, G. D., & Gordon, R. D. (2001). Executive control of visual attention in dual-task situations. Psychological Review, 108, 393-434. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.2.393
70. Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove, U.K.: Erlbaum.
71. Logie, R. H. (2003). Spatial and visual working memory: A mental workspace. In D. E. Irwin & B. Ross (Eds.), Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 42, pp. 37-78). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Science.
72. Logie, R. H., & Marchetti, C. (1991). Visuo-spatial working memory: Visual, spatial or central executive. In R. H. Logie & M. Denis (Eds.), Mental mages in human cognition (Vol. 80). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60507-5
73. Logie, R. H., & van der Meulen, M. (2009). Fragmenting and integrating visuospatial working memory. In J. R. Brockmole (Ed.), Representing the visual world in memory (p. 1). Hove, U.K.: Psychology Press.
74. Logie, R. H., Zucco, G. M., & Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Interference with visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 75, 55-74. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(90)90066-O
75. Luck, S. J. (2009). Visual short-term memory. In S. J. Luck & A. Hollingworth (Eds.), Visual memory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
76. Luck, S. J., & Vogel, E. K. (1997). The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature, 390, 279-280. doi:10.1038/36846
77. McCarley, J. S., Wang, R. F., Kramer, A. F., Irwin, D. E., & Peterson, M. S. (2003). How much memory does oculomotor search have? Psychological Science, 14, 422-426. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.01457
78. Miller, E. K., Li, L., & Desimone, R. (1993). Activity of neurons in anterior inferior temporal cortex during a short-term memory task. Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 1460-1478.
79. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. doi:10.1037/h0043158
80. Olivers, C. N. L. (2004). Blink and shrink: The effect of the attentional blink on spatial processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 613-630. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.30.3.613
81. Olivers, C. N. L., Humphreys, G. W., & Braithwaite, J. J. (2006). The preview search task: Evidence for visual marking. Visual Cognition, 14, 716-735. doi:10.1080/13506280500194188
82. Olivers, C. N. L., Meijer, F., & Theeuwes, J. (2006a). Feature-based memorydriven attentional capture: Visual working memory content affects visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1243-1265. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.5.1243
83. Olivers, C. N. L., Meijer, F., & Theeuwes, J. (2006b). Feature-based memorydriven attentional capture: Visual working memory content affects visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1243-1265. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.5.1243
84. Olivers, C. N. L., Smith, S., Matthews, P. M., & Humphreys, G. W. (2005). Prioritizing new over old: An fMRI study of the preview search task. Human Brain Mapping, 24, 69-78. doi:10.1002/hbm.20071
85. Olivers, C. N. L., Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. (1999). Visual marking of locations and feature maps: Evidence from within-dimension defined conjunctions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 52A, 679-715. doi:10.1080/027249899391016
86. Olson, I. R., & Chun, M. M. (2002). Perceptual constraints on implicit learning of spatial context. Visual Cognition, 9, 273-302. doi:10.1080/13506280042000162
87. Pashler, H. (1987). Detecting conjunctions of color and form: Reassessing the serial search hypothesis. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 41, 191-201.
88. Pashler, H. (1988). Familiarity and visual change detection. Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 369-378. doi:10.3758/BF03210419
89. Peterson, M. S., Beck, M. R., & Vomela, M. (2007). Visual search is guided by prospective and retrospective memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 69, 123-135. doi:10.3758/BF03194459
90. Phillips, W. A. (1974). On the distinction between sensory storage and short-term visual memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 283-290. doi:10.3758/BF03203943
91. Pollmann, S., Weidner, R., Humphreys, G. W., Olivers, C. N. L., Müller, K., Lohmann, G., Wiggins, C. J.,& Watson, D. G. (2003). Separating distractor rejection and target detection in posterior parietal cortex-an event-related fMRI study of visual marking. Neuroimage, 18, 310-323. doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(02)00036-8
92. Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25. doi:10.1080/00335558008248231
93. Posner, M. I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. Attention and Performance X: Control of Language Processes, 32, 531-556.
94. Postle, B. R. (2006). Working memory as an emergent property of the mind and brain. Neuroscience, 139, 23-38. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.005
95. Pratt, J., Theeuwes, J., & Donk, M. (2007). Offsets and prioritizing the selection of new elements in search displays: More evidence for attentional capture in the preview effect. Visual Cognition, 15, 133-148. doi:10.1080/13506280601029341
96. Richard, A. M., Luck, S. J., & Hollingworth, A. (2008). Establishing object correspondence across eye movements: Flexible use of spatiotemporal and surface feature information. Cognition, 109, 66-88. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.07.004
97. Serences, J. T., Ester, E. F., Vogel, E. K., & Awh, E. (2009). Stimulusspecific delay activity in human primary visual cortex. Psychological Science, 20, 207-214. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02276.x
98. Sligte, I. G., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2008). Are there multiple visual short-term memory stores? PLOS one, 3, e1699.
99. Soto, D., Heinke, D., Humphreys, G. W., & Blanco, M. J. (2005). Early, involuntary top-down guidance of attention from working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 248-261. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.248
100. Soto, D., Hodsoll, J., Rotshtein, P., & Humphreys, G. W. (2008). Automatic guidance of attention from working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 342-348. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.05.007
101. Soto, D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2008). Stressing the mind: The effect of cognitive load and articulatory suppression on attentional guidance from working memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 70, 924-934. doi:10.3758/PP.70.5.924
102. Soto, D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Automatic selection of irrelevant object features through working memory. Experimental Psychology, 56, 165-172. doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.3.165
103. Soto, D., Humphreys, G. W., & Heinke, D. (2006). Working memory can guide pop-out search. Vision Research, 46, 1010-1018. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.008
104. Soto, D., Wriglesworth, A., Bahrami-Balani, A., & Humphreys, G. W. (2010). Working memory enhances visual perception: Evidence from signal detection analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 441. doi:10.1037/a0018686
105. Theeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., & Atchley, P. (1998). Visual marking of old objects. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 130-134. doi:10.3758/BF03209468
106. Theeuwes, J., Olivers, C. N. L., & Chizk, C. L. (2005). Remembering a location makes the eyes curve away. Psychological Science, 16, 196- 199. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00803.x
107. Todd, J. J., & Marois, R. (2004). Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature, 428, 751-754. doi:10.1038/nature02466
108. Todd, J. J., & Marois, R. (2005). Posterior parietal cortex activity predicts individual differences in visual short-term memory capacity. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 144-155. doi:10.3758/CABN.5.2.144
109. Vogel, E. K., Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2006). The time course of consolidation in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1436-1451. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.6.1436
110. Wager, T. D., & Smith, E. E. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 255-274. doi:10.3758/CABN.3.4.255
111. Watson, D. G. (2001). Visual marking in moving displays: Feature-based inhibition is not necessary. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 74-84. doi:10.3758/BF03200504
112. Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. (1997). Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top-down attentional inhibition of old objects. Psychological Review, 104, 90-122. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.1.90
113. Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. (1998). Visual marking of moving objects: A role for top-down feature-based inhibition in selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 946-962. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.24.3.946
114. Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. (2000). Visual marking: Evidence for inhibition using a probe-dot detection paradigm. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 471-481. doi:10.3758/BF03212099
115. Watson, D. G., Humphreys, G. W., & Olivers, C. N. L. (2003). Visual marking: Using time in visual selection. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 180-186. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00033-0
116. Watson, D. G., & Inglis, M. (2007). Eye movements and time-based selection: Where do the eyes go in preview search? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 852-857. doi:10.3758/BF03194111
117. Watson, D. G., & Kunar, M. A. (in press). Determining the capacity of time-based selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance.
118. Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2004). Visual search is slowed when visuospatial working memory is occupied. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 269-274. doi:10.3758/BF03196569
119. Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2007). Do the contents of visual working memory automatically influence attentional selection during visual search? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 363-376. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.33.2.363
120. Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2010). Why is information displaced from visual working memory during visual search. Visual Cognition, 18, 275-295. doi:10.1080/13506280902734326
121. Woodman, G. F., Vogel, E. K., & Luck, S. J. (2001). Visual search remains efficient when visual working memory is full. Psychological Science, 12, 219-224. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00339
122. Xu, Y., & Chun, M. M. (2006). Dissociable neural mechanisms supporting visual short-term memory for objects. Nature, 440, 91-95. doi:10.1038/nature04262
123. Yantis, S., & Johnson, D. N. (1990). Mechanisms of attentional priority. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 812-825. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.4.812
124. Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1984). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Evidence from visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 601-621. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.10.5.601
125. Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1990). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Voluntary versus automatic allocation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 121-134. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.1.121