I can read it in your eyes: What eye movements tell us about visuo-attentional processes in developmental dyslexia

Research in Developmental Disabilities

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 452-460

  Bellocchi, Stéphanie ^a,b   Muneaux, Mathilde ^a,c   Bastien Toniazzo, Mireille ^a   Ducrot, Stéphanie ^a  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^c Centre Hospitalier de Digne les Bains   (France)

Author keywords

Children; Developmental dyslexia; Eye movements; Reading; Visuo attentional processes

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; BRAIN REGION; CHILD HEALTH; COMORBIDITY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSLEXIA; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; EYE TRACKING; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LEARNING CURVE; PHONETICS; READING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL INFORMATION; VISUAL MEMORY; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

ATTENTION; CHILD; DYSLEXIA; EYE MOVEMENTS; HUMANS; READING; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 84866840090     PISSN: 08914222     EISSN: 18733379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.09.002     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Aghababian V., Nazir T. Developing normal reading skills: Aspects of visual processes underlying word recognition. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2000, 76:123-150.
2. Ans B., Carbonnel S., Valdois S. A connectionist multiple-trace memory model for polysillabic word reading. Psychological Review 1998, 105:678-723.
3. Atkinson J. Review of human visual development: Crowding and dyslexia. Vision and Visual Dyslexia 1991, 44-57. Mac Millan Press, Houndmills. J.F. Stein (Ed.).
4. Bellocchi S., Bastien-Toniazzo M. Normal reading abilities and specific reading disabilities (developmental dyslexia): A cross linguistic study. Rivista di Psicolinguistica Applicata 2011, 1-2:69-86.
5. Bellocchi, S., Ducrot, S. & Bastien-Toniazzo, M. Crowding effect and developmental dyslexia: A preliminary study on a French group, submitted for publication.
6. Biscaldi M., Gezeck S., Stuhr V. Poor saccadic control correlates with dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 1998, 36:1189-1202.
7. Blythe H.I., Liversedge S.P., Joseph H.S.S.L., White S.J., Rayner K. Visual information capture during fixations in reading for children and adults. Vision Research 2009, 49:1583-1591.
8. Boden C., Giaschi D. M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia. Psychological Bulletin 2007, 133(2):346-366.
9. Bosse M.L., Tainturier M.J., Valdois S. Developmental dyslexia: The visual attention span deficit hypothesis. Cognition 2007, 104:198-230.
10. Bosse M., Valdois S. Patterns of developmental dyslexia according to a multi-trace memory model of reading. Current Psychology Letters 2003, 10(1.). http://cpl.revues.org/document92.html.
11. Bosse M.L., Valdois S. Influence of the visual attention span on child reading performance: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Research in Reading 2009, 32(2):230-253.
12. Brysbaert M., Vitu F., Schroyens W. The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Neuropsychology 1996, 10:385-395.
13. Bucci M.P., Brémond-Gignac D., Kapoula Z. Latency of saccades and vergence eye movements in dyslexic children. Experimental Brain Research 2008, 188(1):1-12.
14. Bucci M.P., Vernet M., Gerard G.L., Kapoula Z. Normal speed and accuracy of saccade and vergence eye movements in dyslexic reader children. Journal of Ophthalmology 2009, 2009:1-8.
15. Capano L., Minden D., Chen S., Schachar R.J., Ickowicz A. Mathematical learning disorder in school-age children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 2008, 53(6):392-399.
16. Coltheart M., Curtis B., Atkins P., Haller M. Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review 1993, 100(4):589-608.
17. Coltheart M., Rastle K., Perry C., Langdon R., Ziegler J. DRC: A dual-route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychological Review 2001, 108:204-256.
18. De Luca M., Borrelli M., Judica A., Spinelli D., Zoccolotti P. Reading words and pseudowords: An eye movement study of developmental dyslexia. Brain and Language 2002, 80:617-626.
19. De Luca M., Di Pace E., Judica A., Spinelli D., Zoccolotti P. Eye movement patterns in linguistic and non-linguistic tasks in developmental surface dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 1999, 37:1407-1420.
20. Doré-Mazars K., Pouget P., Beauvillian C. Attentional selection during preparation of eye movements. Psychological Research 2004, 69:67-76.
21. Ducrot S., Grainger J. Deployment of spatial attention to words in central and peripheral vision. Perception & Psychophysics 2007, 69(4):578-590.
22. Ducrot, S., Lété, B., Muneaux, M., Ghio, A., Pinton, F., & Billard, C. The eyes' initial fixation position in dyslexic readers, in preparation.
23. Ducrot S., Lété B., Sprenger-Charolles L., Pynte J., Billard C. The viewing position effect in beginning and dyslexic readers. Current Psychology Letters: Behaviour, Brain and Cognition 2003, 10(1). Retrieved from the Internet from http://cpl.revues.org/document99.html.
24. Ducrot S., Pynte J. What determines the eyes' landing position in words?. Perception & Psychophysics 2002, 64:1130-1144.
25. Ducrot, S., Pynte, J., Ghio, A., & Lété, B. Visual and linguistic determinants of the eyes' initial fixation position in reading development, submitted for publication.
26. Everatt J., Smythe I., Adams E., Ocampo D. Dyslexia screening measures and bilingualism. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice 2000, 6:42-56.
27. Facoetti A., Corradi N., Ruffino M., Gori S., Zorzi M. Visual spatial attention and speech segmentation are both impaired in preschoolers at familial risk for developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia 2010, 16:226-239.
28. Facoetti A., Lorusso M.L., Paganoni P., Umilta C., Mascetti G.G. The role of visuospatial attention in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from a rehabilitation study. Cognitive Brain Research 2003, 15:154-164.
29. Facoetti A., Paganoni P., Turatto M., Marzola V., Mascetti G. Visuospatial attention in developmental dyslexia. Cortex 2000, 36:109-123.
30. Facoetti A., Turatto M., Lorusso M.L., Mascetti G.G. Orienting of visual attention in dyslexia: Evidence for asymmetric hemispheric control of attention. Experimental Brain Research 2001, 138:46-53.
31. Farid M., Grainger J. How initial fixation position influences visual word recognition: A comparison of French and Arabic. Brain & Language 1996, 53:681-690.
32. Franceschini S., Gori S., Ruffino M., Pedrolli K., Facoetti A. A causal link between visual spatial attention and reading acquisition. Current Biology 2012, 22:814-819.
33. Frith U. Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia. Surface dyslexia: Neuropsychological and cognitive studies of phonological reading 1985, 301-330. Erlbaum, London. K. Patterson, J. Marshall, M. Coltheart (Eds.).
34. Geiger G., Lettvin J.Y., Zegarra Moran O. Task-determined strategies of visual process. Cognitive Brain Research 1992, 1:39-52.
35. Goswami U. Why theories about developmental dyslexia require developmental designs. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2003, 7:534-540.
36. Goswami U., Bryant P. Phonological skills and learning to read 1990, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
37. Häikiö T., Bertram R., Hyönä J., Niemi P. Development of the letter identity span in reading: Evidence from the eye movement moving window paradigm. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2009, 102:167-181.
38. Hari R., Renvall H. Impaired processing of rapid stimulus sequences in dyslexia. Trends Cognitive Science 2001, 5:525-532.
39. Hawelka S., Gagl B., Wimmer H. A dual-route perspective on eye movements of dyslexic readers. Cognition 2010, 115:367-379.
40. Henderson J.M., Ferreira F. Effects of foveal processing difficulty on the perceptual span in reading: Implications for attention and eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1990, 16:417-429.
41. Huestegge L., Radach R., Corbic D., Huestegge S. Oculomotor and linguistic determinants of reading development: A longitudinal study. Vision Research 2009, 49:2948-2959.
42. Hutzler F., Kronbichler M., Jacobs A.M., Wimmer H. Perhaps correlational but not causal: No effect of dyslexic readers' magnocellular system on their eye movements during reading. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:637-648.
43. Hutzler F., Wimmer H. Eye movements of dyslexic children when reading in a regular orthography. Brain and Language 2004, 89:235-242.
44. Jainta S., Kapoula Z. Dyslexic children are confronted with unstable binocular fixation while reading. PlosOne 2011, 6:1-10.
45. Kapoula Z., Bucci M.P., Ganem R., Poncet S., Daunys G., Brémond-Gignac D. Free exploration of painting uncovers particular loose yoking of saccades in dyslexic readers. Dyslexia 2008, 15(3):243-259.
46. Karatekin C. Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development. Developmental Review 2007, 27:283-348.
47. Karmiloff-Smith A. Beyond modularity 1992, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
48. Karmiloff-Smith A. Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1998, 2(10):389-398.
49. Karmiloff-Smith A. Atypical epigenesis. Developmental Science 2007, 10(1):84-88.
50. Kavale K., Mattson D. One jumped off the balance beam: Meta-analysis of perceptual-motor training. Journal of Learning Disabilities 1983, 16(3):165-173.
51. Kennedy A., Pynte J. Parafoveal-on-foveal effects in normal reading. Vision Research 2005, 45:153-168.
52. Kirby J.R., Desrochers A., Roth L., Lai S.S.V. Longitudinal predictors of word reading development. Canadian Psychology 2008, 49(2):103-110.
53. Lehtimäki T.M., Reilly R.G. Improving eye movement control in young readers. Artificial Intelligence Review 2005, 24:477-488.
54. Li X., Liu P., Rayner K. Eye movements guidance in Chinese reading: Is there a preferred viewing location?. Vision Research 2011, 51:1146-1156.
55. Lonigan C.J. Development, assessment, and promotion of pre-literacy skills. Early Education and Development 2006, 17:91-114.
56. McConkie G.W., Kerr P.W., Reddix M.D., Zola D. Eye movement control during reading: The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research 1988, 27:227-240.
57. McConkie G.W., Kerr P.W., Reddix M.D., Zola D., Jacobs A.M. Eye movement control during reading: II. Frequency of refixating a word. Perception and Psychophysics 1989, 46:245-253.
58. McConkie G.W., Rayner K. Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1976, 8:365-368.
59. McConkie G.W., Zola D., Grimes J., Kerr P.W., Bryant N.R., Wolff P.M. Children's eye movements during reading. Vision and visual dyslexia 1991, 251-262. Macmillan Press, London. J.F. Stein (Ed.).
60. Nazir T.A. On hemispheric specialization and visual field effects in the perception of print: A comment on Jordan, Patching and Thomas. Cognitive Neuropsychology 2003, 20:73-80.
61. Nazir T.A., O'Regan J.K., Jacobs A.M. On words and their letters. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1991, 29:171-174.
62. Nazir T.A. Traces of print along the visual pathway. Reading as a perceptual process 2000, 3-22. Elsevier, Oxford. A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, J. Pynte (Eds.).
63. O'Regan J.K. The convenient viewing position hypothesis. Eye movements: Cognition and visual perception 1981, 289-298. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. D.F. Fisher, R.A. Monty, J.W. Senders (Eds.).
64. O'Regan J.K., Jacobs A.M. Optimal viewing position effect in word recognition: A challenge to current theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance 1992, 18:185-197.
65. O'Regan J.K., Lévy-Schoen A. Eye movement strategy and tactics in word recognition and reading. Attention and performance: The psychology of reading 1987, Vol. 12:363-383. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
66. O'Regan J.K., Lévy-Schoen A., Pynte J., Brugaillère B. Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1984, 10:250-257.
67. Orton S.T. Word-blindness in school children. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1925, 14:582-615.
68. Pennington B. How neuropsychology informs our understanding of developmental disorders. Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2009, 50:72-78.
69. Pennington B.F. From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders. Cognition 2006, 101(2):385-413.
70. Perea M., Panadero V., Moret-Tatay C., Gomez P. The effects of inter-letter spacing in visual-word readers and developmental dyslexics. Learning and Instruction 2012, 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.04.001.
71. Perret P., Ducrot S. Viewing-position effects in the stroop task: Initial fixation position modulates stroop effects in fully colored words. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 2010, 17:550-555.
72. Pollatsek A., Reichle E.D., Rayner K. Tests of the E-Z Reader model: Exploring the interface between cognition and eye-movement control. Cognitive Psychology 2006, 52:1-52.
73. Prado C., Dubois M., Valdois S. The eye movements of dyslexic children during reading and visual search: Impact of the visual attention span. Vision Research 2007, 47:2521-2530.
74. Ramus F. Neurobiology of dyslexia: A reinterpretation of the data. Trends in Neuroscience 2004, 27:720-726.
75. Ramus F., Ahissar M. Developmental dyslexia: The difficulties of interpreting poor performance, and the importance of normal performance. Cognitive Neuropsychology 2012, 10.1080/02643294.2012.677420.
76. Ramus F., Rosen S., Dakin S.C., Brian L.D., Castellote J.M., White S., et al. Theories of developmental dyslexia: Insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain 2003, 126:841-865.
77. Rayner K. Eye guidance in reading: Fixation location within words. Perception 1979, 8:21-30.
78. Rayner K. Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1986, 41:211-236.
79. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 1998, 124:372-422.
80. Rayner K. The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture. Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception and visual search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2009, 62:1457-1506.
81. Rayner K., Binder K.S., Ashby J., Pollatsek A. Eye movement control in reading: Word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words. Vision Research 2001, 41:943-954.
82. Rayner K., Slattery T.J., Bélanger N.N. Eye movements, the perceptual span, and reading speed. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2010, 17:834-839.
83. Rayner K., Well A.D., Pollatsek A. Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading. Perception and Psychophysics 1980, 27:537-544.
84. Rayner K., Well A.D., Pollatsek A., Bertera J.H. The availability of useful information to the right of fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics 1982, 31:537-550.
85. Rommelse N.N.J., Van der Stigchel S., Sergeant J.A. A review on eye movement studies in childhood and adolescent psychiatry. Brain and Cognition 2008, 68:391-414.
86. Ruffino M., Trussardi A.N., Gori S., Finzi A., Giovagnoli S., Menghini D., et al. Attentional engagement deficits in dyslexic children. Neuropsychologia 2010, 48:3793-3801.
87. Savage R.S., Carless S., Ferrero V. Predicting curriculum and test performance from pupil background, baseline skills and phonological awareness at age 5: A six-year follow-up at the end of Key Stage 2. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007, 48(7):732-739.
88. Seidenberg M.S., McClelland J.L. A distributed developmental model of word recognition. Psychological Review 1989, 96:523-568.
89. Shovman M.M., Ahissar M. Isolating the impact of visual perception on dyslexics' reading ability. Vision Research 2006, 46:3514-3525.
90. Snowling M.J. Language skills and learning to read: The dyslexia spectrum. Dyslexia-Speech and Language 2006, 1-14. Whurr Publishers, Chichester, West Sussex. M.J. Snowling e, J. Stackhouse (Eds.).
91. Snowling M.J. Dyslexia 2000, Blackwell, Oxford.
92. Spinelli D., De Luca M., Judica A., Zoccolotti P. Crowding effects on word identification in developmental dyslexia. Cortex 2002, 38:179-200.
93. Stein J. The sensory basis of reading problems. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 20:509-534.
94. Stein J., Walsh V. To see but not to read: The magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends Neuroscience 1997, 20:147-152.
95. Thaler V., Urton K., Heine A., Hawelka S., Engl V., Jacobs A.M. Different behavioural and eye movement patterns of dyslexic readers with and without attentional deficits during single word reading. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:2436-2445.
96. Valdois S., Bosse M.L., Tainturier M.J. The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder. Dyslexia 2004, 10:339-363.
97. Valdois S., Carbonnel S., Juphard A., Baciu M., Ans B., Peyrin C., et al. Polysyllabic pseudo-word processing in reading and lexical decision: Converging evidence from behavioral data, connectionist simulations and functional MRI. Brain Research 2006, 1085:149-162.
98. Vellutino F.R., Fletcher J.M. Developmental dyslexia. The science of reading. A handbook 2005, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. M.J. Snowling, C. Hulme (Eds.).
99. Vellutino F.R., Fletcher J.M., Snowling M.J., Scanlon D.M. Specific reading disability (dyslexia): What have we learned in the past four decades?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004, 45(1):2-40.
100. Vitu F. The existence of a center of gravity effect during reading. Vision Research 1991, 31(7/8):1289-1313.
101. Vitu F., McConkie G.W., Kerr P., O'Regan J.K. Fixation location effects on fixation durations during reading: An inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research 2001, 41(25-26):3513-3533.
102. Vitu F., O'Regan J.K., Mittau M. Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous text. Perception & Psychophysics 1990, 47:583-600.
103. Wagner R.K., Torgesen J.K., Rashotte C.A. Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bidirectional causality from latent variable longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology 1994, 30:73-87.
104. Whitney C. How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: The SERIOL model and selective literature review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2001, 8:221-243.
105. Whitney C. Supporting the serial in the SERIOL model. Language & Cognitive Processes 2008, 6:824-865.
106. Whitney C., Cornelissen P. Letter-position encoding and dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading 2005, 28:274-301.
107. World Health Organisation The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines 1992, WHO, Geneva.
108. Zoccolotti P., De Luca M., Di Pace E., Judica A., Orlandi M., Spinelli D. Markers of developmental surface dyslexia in a language (Italian) with high grapheme-phoneme correspondence. Applied Psycholinguistics 1999, 20:191-216.
109. Zorzi M., Barbiero C., Facoetti A., Lonciari I., Carrozzi M., Montico M., et al. Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of United States of America 2012, 10.1073/pnas.1205566109.
110. Zorzi M., Houghton G., Butterworth B. Two routes or one in reading aloud? A connectionist dual-process model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1998, 24:1131-1161.