Developing Normal Reading Skills: Aspects of the Visual Processes Underlying Word Recognition

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

Volumn 76, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 123-150

  Aghababian, Valérie ^a,b   Nazir, Tatjana A ^c  

^a TIMONE HOSPITAL   (France)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^c CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Reading acquisition; Viewing position effect; Visual factors in reading; Within word fixation effects

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; READING; RECALL;

ATTENTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; READING;

EID: 0034199393     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2540     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adams, M. J. (1979). Models of word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 133-176.
2. Aghababian, V. (1998). Acquisition de la lecture: Aspects développementaux et neuropsychologiques. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France.
3. Bouma, H. (1970). Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
4. Bouma, H. (1973). Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words. Vision Research, 13, 767-782.
5. Bouma, H., & Legein, C. P. (1977). Foveal and parafoveal recognition of letters and words by dyslexics and by average readers. Neuropsychologia, 15, 69-80.
6. Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. (1983). Human cerebral asymmetry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
7. Brysbaert, M., & d'Ydewalle, G. (1988). Colossal transmission in reading. In G. Luer, U. Lass, & J. Shallo-Hoffmann (Eds.), Eye movement research: Physiological and psychological aspects (pp. 246-266). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
8. Brysbaert, M., Vitu, F., & Schroyens, W. (1996). The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Neuropsychology, 10, 385-395.
9. Bub, D., & Lewine, J. (1988). Different models of word recognition in the left and right visual fields. Brain and Language, 33, 161-188.
10. Clark, J. J., & O'Regan, J. K. (1999). Word ambiguity and the optimal viewing position in reading. Vision Research, 39, 843-857.
11. Deutsch, A., & Rayner, K. (1999). Initial fixation location effects in reading Hebrew words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14, 393-421.
12. Dunn-Rankin, P. (1978). The visual characteristics of words. Scientific American, 238, 122-130.
13. Ehri, L. C. (1993). A critique of five studies related to letter-name knowledge and learning to read. In L. M. Gentile, M. L. Kamil, & J. S. Blanchard (Eds.), Reading research revisited (pp. 141-142). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
14. Ellis, A. W., Young, A. W., & Anderson, C. (1988). Modes of word recognition in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language, 35, 254-273.
15. Farid, M., & Grainger, J. (1996). How initial fixation position influences visual word recognition: A comparison of French and Arabic. Brain and Language, 53, 351-368.
16. Faust, M., Kavetz, S., & Babkoff, H. (1993). Hemispheric specialization or reading habits: Evidence from lexical decision research with Hebrew words and sentences. Brain & Language, 44, 254-263.
17. Frith, U. (1985). Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia. In K. E. Patterson, J. C. Marshall, & M. Coltheart (Eds.), Surface dyslexia: Cognitive and neuropsychological studies of phonological reading (pp. 301-330). London: Erlbaum.
18. Goswami, U., & Bryant, P. (1990). Phonological skills and learning to read. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
19. Grainger, J., O'Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M., & Segui, J. (1992). Neighborhood frequency effects and letter visibility in visual word recognition. Perception & Psychophysics, 51, 49-56.
20. Grimes, M. (1989). Where first grade children look in words during reading. Unpublished master's thesis, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
21. Hagenzieker, M. P., Van der Heijden, A. H. C., & Hagenaar, R. (1990). The time courses in visual-information processing: Some empirical evidence for inhibition. Psychological Research, 52, 13-21.
22. Harris, M., & Coltheart, M. (1986). Language processing in children and adults: An introduction. London: Routledge & Kegan.
23. Heller, D., Huckauf, A., & Nazir, T. A. (1995). Interaktionseffekte im seitlichen Gesichtsfeld: Eine Erweiterung des Ansatzes von Bouma (1970). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 3, 386-418.
24. Holmes, V., & O'Regan, J. K. (1987). Decomposing French words. In J. K. O'Regan & A. Lévy-Schoen (Eds.), Eye movements: From physiology to cognition (pp. 459-466). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
25. LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 293-323.
26. Malamed, F., & Zaidel, E. (1993). Language and task effects on lateralized word recognition. Brain & Language, 45, 70-85.
27. Marsh, G., Friedman, M., Welsch, V., & Desberg, P. (1981). A cognitive developmental theory of reading acquisition. In G. E. MacKinnon & T. G. Waller (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 3, pp. 199-221). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
28. Massaro, D. W., & Klitzke, D. (1977). Letters are functional in word identification. Memory and Cognition, 5, 292-298.
29. McClelland, J. L. (1976). Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and non-words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 80-91.
30. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
31. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., & Zola, D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research, 28, 1107-1118.
32. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., Zola, D., & Jacobs, A. M. (1989). Eye movement control during reading: II. Frequency of refixating a word. Perception and Psychophysics, 46, 245-253.
33. McConkie, G. W., Zola, D., Grimes, J., Kerr, P. W., Bryant, N. R., & Wolff, P. M. (1991). Children's eye movements during reading. In J. F. Stein (Ed)., Vision and visual dyslexia (pp. 251-262). London: Macmillan.
34. Montant, M., Nazir, T., & Poncet, M. (1998). Pure alexia and the viewing position effect in printed words. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, 93-140.
35. Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M., & Taylor, S. (1997). Segmentation, not rhyming, predicts early progress in learning to read. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 65, 370-396.
36. Nazir, T. A. (1991). On the role of refixations in letter strings: The influence of oculomotor factors. Perception & Psychophysics, 49, 373-389.
37. Nazir, T. A. (1993). On the relation between the optimal and the preferred viewing position in words during reading. In G. d'Ydewalle & J. Van Rensbergen (Eds.), Perception and cognition: Advances in eye movement research (pp. 349-361). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
38. Nazir, T. A. (1998). Les mouvements oculaires et la lecture. In M. Boucart, M.-A. Henaff, & C. Belin (Eds.), Vision: Aspects perceptifs et cognitifs (pp. 311-322). Marseille: Editions Solal.
39. Nazir, T. A., Heller, D., & Sussmann, C. (1992). Letter visibility and word recognition: The optimal viewing position in printed words. Perception and Psychophysics, 52, 315-328.
40. Nazir, T. A., Jacobs A. M., & O'Regan J. K. (1998). Letter legibility and visual word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 26, 810-821.
41. Nazir, T. A., & Montant, M. (1996). Les étapes de traitement précoces dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots. In S. Carbonnel, P. Gillet, M. D. Martory, & S. Valdois (Eds.), Approche cognitive des troubles de la lecture et de l'écriture chez l'adulte et l'enfant (pp. 183-194). Marseille: Editions Solal.
42. Nazir, T. A., O'Regan, J. K., & Jacobs, A. M. (1991). On words and their letters. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 171-174.
43. Nuerk, H., C., Nazir, T. A., Graf, R., & Jacobs, A. M. (in preparation). The viewing position effect in beginning and poor readers. Manuscript in preparation.
44. Olzak, L. A., & Thomas, J. P. (1986). Seeing spatial patterns. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance (Vol. II, pp. 7:1-7:56). New York: Wiley.
45. O'Regan, J. K. (1990). Eye movements and reading. In E. Kowler (Ed.), Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes (pp. 395-453). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
46. O'Regan, J. K., & Jacobs, A. M. (1992). Optimal viewing position effect in word recognition: A challenge to current theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 185-197.
47. O'Regan, J. K., & Lévy-Schoen, A. (1987). Eye movement strategy and tactics in word recognition and reading. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 363-383). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
48. O'Regan, J. K., Lévy-Schoen, A., Pynte, J., & Brugaillère, B. (1984). Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 250-257.
49. Rack, J., Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. (1993). Learning to read: A theoretical synthesis. In H. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 24, pp. 99-132). New York: Academic Press.
50. Radach, R., & Kempe, V. (1993). An individual analysis of initial fixation position in reading. In G. d'Ydewalle & J. van Rensbergen (Eds.), Perception & cognition: Advances in eye movement research (pp. 213-225). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
51. Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21-30.
52. Rayner, K. (1984). Visual selection in reading, picture perception, and visual search: A tutorial review. In H. Bouma & D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance (Vol. 10, pp. 67-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Rayner, K. (1986). Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41, 211-236.
54. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
55. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
56. Reichenbach, D., & Mayer, G. (1977). L'Echelle Dubois-Buyse d'orthographe usuelle française. Paris: OCDL.
57. Seymour, P. H. K., & MacGregor, C. J. (1984). Developmental dyslexia: A cognitive experimental analysis of phonological, morphemic, and visual impairments. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1, 43-83.
58. Stuart, M., & Coltheart, M. (1988). Does reading develop as a sequence of stages? Cognition, 30, 139-181.
59. Townsend, J. T., Taylor, S. G., & Brown, D. R. (1971). Lateral masking for letters with unlimited viewing time. Perception & Psychophysics, 10, 375-378.
60. Vitu, F. (1991). The influence of the reading rhythm on the optimal landing position effect. Perception and Psychophysics, 50, 58-75.
61. Vitu, F., O'Regan, J. K., Inhoff, A. W., & Topolski, R. (1995). Mindless reading: Eye-movement characteristics are similar in scanning letter strings and reading texts. Perception & Psychophysics, 57, 352-364.
62. Vitu, F., O'Regan, J. K., & Mittau, M. (1990). Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous texts. Perception & Psychophysics, 47, 583-600.
63. Wagner, R. K., & Togersen, J. K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212.
64. Young, A. W., & Ellis, A. W. (1985). Different methods of lexical access for words presented in the left and right visual hemifields. Brain and Language, 24, 326-358.