Molecular systematics and evolutionary history of the genus Carabus (Col. Carabidae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 259-275

  Deuve, Thierry ^a   Cruaud, Astrid ^b   Genson, Gwenaëlle ^b   Rasplus, Jean Yves ^b  

^a MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE   (France)

^b CENTRE DE BIOLOGIE ET DE GESTION DES POPULATIONS   (France)

Author keywords

Biogeography; Dating; Forest history; Mitochondrial introgression; Phylogeny

Indexed keywords

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; BEETLE; CELL NUCLEUS; CLASSIFICATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DNA SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; PHYLOGENY; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ANIMALS; BAYES THEOREM; BEETLES; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; CELL NUCLEUS; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

CARABIDAE;

EID: 84864551730     PISSN: 10557903     EISSN: 10959513     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.015     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Agusti J., Moya-Sola S. Mammal extinctions in the Vallesian (Upper Miocene). Lect. Notes Earth Sci. 1990, 30:425-432.
2. Agusti J., Sanz de Siria A., Garces M. Explaining the end of the hominoid experiment in Europe. J. Hum. Evol. 2003, 45:145-153.
3. Andujar C., Serrano J., Gomez-Zurita J. Winding up the molecular clock in the genus Carabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae): assessment of methodological decisions on rate and node age estimation. BMC Evol. Biol. 2012, 12:40.
4. Arndt, E., Brückner, M., Marciniak, M., Mossakowski, D., Prüser, F., 2003. Phylogeny. In: Turin, H., Penev, L.D., Casale, A. (Eds.), The Genus Carabus in Europe: A Synthesis. Fauna Europaea Invertebrata No. 2. Pensoft, Sphia-Moscow, pp. 307-325 (Chapter 7).
5. Arndt E., Mossakowski D., Prüser F. Description of the larvae of the subgenus Cathoplius Thomson of carabus L., with a key to north African carabus larvae. Koleopterol. Rundsch. 1994, 64:21-25.
6. Assmann, T., 2003. Biology and ecology. In: Turin, H., Penev, L.D., Casale, A. (Eds.), The Genus Carabus in Europe. A Synthesis. Fauna Europaea Invertebrata No. 2. Pensoft, Sphia-Moscow, pp. 287-305 (Chapter 6).
7. Bachtrog D., Thornton K., Clark A., Andolfatto P. Extensive introgression of mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear genes in the Drosophila yakuba species group. Evolution 2006, 60:292-302.
8. Baker R.H., DeSalle R. Multiple sources of charater information and the phylogeny of hawaiian drosophilids. Syst. Biol. 1997, 46:654-673.
9. Baker R.H., Gatesy J. Is morphology still relevant?. Molecular Systematics and Evolution: Theory and Practice 2002, 163-174. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel. R. DeSalle, G. Giribet, W. Wheeler (Eds.).
10. Ballard J.W.O. When one is not enough: Introgression of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2000, 17:1126-1130.
11. Belshaw R., Quicke D.L.J. Robustness of ancestral state estimates: evolution of life history strategy in Ichneumonoid parasitoids. Syst. Biol. 2002, 51:450-477.
12. Bengtsson, S., 1927. Die Larven der nordischen Arten von Carabus Lin. eine morphologische Studie. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, (N.F.), Avd. 2 24, 1-89.
13. Bossu C.M., Near T.J. Gene trees reveal repeated instances of mitochondrial DNA introgression in Orangethroat Darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Syst. Biol. 2009, 58:114-129.
14. Bowen B.W., Bass A.L., Soares L., Toonen R.J. Conservation implications of complex population structure: lessons from the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). Mol. Ecol. 2005, 14:2389-2402.
15. Breuning, S., 1932-1937. Monographie der Gattung Carabus L. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der europäischen Coleopteren 104-110, 1-1610.
16. Brezina B. World catalogue of the genus Carabus L 1999, Pensoft Publications, Sofia, Moscow.
17. Brouat C., Chevallier H., Meusnier S., Noblecourt T., Rasplus J.-Y. Specialization and habitat changes: spatial and environmental effects on abundance and genetic diversity of forest generalist and specialist Carabus species. Mol. Ecol. 2004, 13:1815-1826.
18. Brouat C., Lesobre L., Sennedot F., Audiot P., Rasplus J.Y. Fine scale genetic structure of two carabid species with contrasted levels of habitat specialization. Mol. Ecol. 2003, 12:1731-1745.
19. Brower A.V.Z., DeSalle R., Vogler A. Gene trees, species trees, and systematics: a cladistic perspective. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1996, 27:423-450.
20. Bruch A.A., Uhl D., Mosbrugger V. Miocene climate in Europe - patterns and evolution - a first synthesis of NECLIME. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2007, 253:1-7.
21. Bruch A.A., Zhilin S.G. Early miocene climate of Central Eurasia - evidence from Aquitanian floras of Kazakhstan. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2007, 248:32-48.
22. Buckley T.R., Cordeiro M., Marshall D.C., Simon C. Differentiating between hypotheses of lineage sorting and introgression in New Zealand alpine cicadas (Maoricicada Dugdale). Syst. Biol. 2006, 55:411-425.
23. Coello J., Cantagrel J.M., Hernán F., Fuster J.M., Ibarrola E., Ancochea E., Casquet C., Jamond C., deTerán J.R.D., Cendrero A. Evolution of the eastern volcanic ridge of the Canary Islands based on new K-Ar data. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 1992, 53:251-274.
24. Cruaud A., Jabbour-Zahab R., Genson G., Cruaud C., Couloux A., Kjellberg F., van Noort S., Rasplus J.-Y. Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach. Cladistics 2010, 26:359-387.
25. den Boer P.J. On the significance of dispersal power for populations of Carabid-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Oecologia 1970, 4:1-28.
26. Deuve, T., 1991. La nomenclature taxonomique du genre Carabus. Bibliothèque entomologique, vol. 4. Sciences Nat, Paris, Venette.
27. Deuve, T., 1994. Une classification du genre Carabus. Bibliothèque entomologique, vol. 5. Sience Nat, Venette.
28. Deuve T. Etude d'un hybride exceptionnel entre deux Carabus des sous-genres Chrysocarabus et Iniopachys (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1997, 102:255-263.
29. Deuve T. Catalogue des Carabini et Cychrini de Chine. Mémoires de la Société Entomologique de France 1997, 1:1-236.
30. Deuve T. Trois fossiles remarquablement conservés du Miocène de France, appartenant aux genres Carabus L. et Ledouxnebria nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1998, 103:229-236.
31. Deuve T. Illustrated catalogue of the genus Carabus of the world (Coleoptera, Carabidae) 2004, Pensoft, Sophia-Moscow.
32. Deuve T. Phylogénie et classification du genre Carabus Linné, 1758. Le point des connaissances actuelles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 2004, 109:5-39.
33. Deuve T. Le premier hybride mâle entre Chrysocarabus et Megodontus dans le genre Carabus L., 1758 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). L Entomologiste 2008, 64:41-44.
34. Deuve T. Sur la proche parenté des sous-genres Chrysocarabus et Iniopachus dans le genre Carabus L., 1758 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 2008, 113:331-338.
35. Deuve T. Liste Blumenthal 2010 2010, Magellanes, Andresy.
36. Drees C., Matern A., Rasplus J.-Y., Terlutter H., Assmann T., Weber F. Microsatellites and allozymes as the genetic memory of habitat fragmentation and defragmentation in populations of the ground beetle Carabus auronitens (Col., Carabidae). J. Biogeogr. 2008, 35:1937-1949.
37. Drummond, A.J., Ashton, B., Cheung, M., Heled, J., Kearse, M., Moir, R., Stones-Havas, S., Thierer, T., Wilson, A., 2007. Geneious v3.7.
38. Drummond A.J., Rambaut A. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7:214-221.
39. Dufrêne M., Baguette M., Desender K., Maelfait J.-P. Evaluation of carabids as bioindicators: a case study in Belgium. The role of Ground Beetles in Ecological and Environmental Studies 1990, 377-381. Intercept, Ltd., Andover, Hampshire (United Kingdom). N.E. Stork (Ed.).
40. During A., Bruckner M., Mossakowski D. Different behaviour of mitochondrial and nuclear markers: introgression and the evolutionary history of Chrysocarabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Entomol. Fenn. 2006, 17:200-206.
41. Eronen J.T., Ataabadia M.M., Micheelsb A., Karme A., Bernor R.L., Fortelius M. Distribution history and climatic controls of the Late Miocene Pikermian chronofauna. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:11867-11871.
42. Escutia C., De Santis L., Donda F., Dunbar R.B., Cooper A.K., Brancolini G., Eittreim S.L. Cenozoic ice sheet history from East Antarctic Wilkes Land continental margin sediments. Global Planet. Change 2005, 45:51-81.
43. Eyre M.D., Lott D.A., Garside A. Assessing the potential for environmental monitoring using ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with riverside and Scottish data. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 1996, 33:157-163.
44. Funk D.J., Omland K.E. Species level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2003, 34:397-423.
45. Garnier S., Alibert P., Audiot P., Prieur B., Rasplus J.-Y. Isolation by distance and sharp discontinuities in gene frequencies: implications for the phylogeography of an alpine insect species, Carabus solieri. Mol. Ecol. 2004, 13:1883-1897.
46. Garnier S., Gidaszewski N., Charlot M., Rasplus J.Y., Alibert P. Hybridization, developmental stability, and functionality of morphological traits in the ground beetle Carabus solieri (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2006, 89:151-158.
47. Garnier S., Magniez-Jannin F., Rasplus J.-Y., Alibert P. When morphometry meets genetics: inferring the phylogeography of Carabus solieri using Fourier analyses of pronotum and male genitalia. J. Evol. Biol. 2005, 18:269-280.
48. Gatesy J., O'Grady P., Baker R.H. Corroboration among data sets in simultaneous analysis: hidden support for phylogenetic relationships among higher level Artiodactyl taxa. Cladistics 1999, 15:271-313.
49. Harry M., Solignac M., Lachaise D. Molecular evidence for multiple homoplasies of complex adaptative syndromes in fig-breeding Lissocephala (Drosophilidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1998, 9:542-551.
50. Hebert P.D.N., Cywinska A., Shelley L.B., deWaard J.R. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2003, 270:313-321.
51. Hiura I. Discovery of Apotomopterus from the Japanese Neogene (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers from the Osaka Museum of Natural History 1971, 1:45-50.
52. Hoorn C., Ohja T., Quade J. Palynological evidence for vegetation development and climatic change in the Sub-Himalayan Zone (Neogene, Central Nepal). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2000, 163:133-161.
53. Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F. MrBayes: Bayesian inferences of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 2001, 17:754-755.
54. Imura, Y., 1996. A revised classification of the major divisions and subdivisions of Carabus (s. lat.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Elytra, Tokyo 24.
55. Imura Y. Classification of the subtribe Carabina (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on molecular phylogeny. Elytra, Tokyo 2002, 30:1-28.
56. Imura Y., Su Z.H., Kim C.G., Osawa S. An attempt at the higher classification of the Carabina (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, with special reference to Apotomopterus, Limnocarabus and Euleptocarabus. Elytra, Tokyo 1998, 26:17-35.
57. Imura Y., Su Z.H., Kim C.G., Osawa S. Reorganization of the Oreocarabus complex (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on endophallus morphology and molecular phylogeny. Elytra, Tokyo 1998, 26:223-248.
58. Ishikawa R. Notes on some basic problems in the taxonomy and the phylogeny of the subtribe Carabina (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 1973, 16:191-215.
59. Ishikawa R. A revision of the higher taxa of the subtribe Carabina (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Ser. A (Zool.) 1978, 4.
60. Ishikawa R. A preliminary revision of the Carabogenici of the subtribe Carabina (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Ser. A (Zool.) 1979, 5:95-114.
61. Jermiin L.S., Crozier R.H. The cytochrome b region in the mitochondrial DNA of the ant Tetraponera rufoniger. Sequence divergence in Hymenoptera may be associate with nucleotide contents. J. Mol. Evol. 1994, 38:282-294.
62. Jimenez-Moreno G. Progressive substitution of a subtropical forest for a temperate one during the middle Miocene climate cooling in Central Europe according to palynological data from cores Tengelic-2 and Hidas-53 (Pannonian Basin, Hungary). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2006, 142:1-14.
63. Jopp F., Reuter H. Dispersal of carabid beetles - emergence of distribution patterns. Ecol. Model. 2005, 186:389-405.
64. Keller I., Largiadèr C.R. Recent habitat fragmentation caused by major roads leads to reduction of gene flow and loss of genetic variability in ground beetles. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2003, 270:417-423.
65. Kergoat G.J., Delobel A., Fediere G., Le Ru B., Silvain J.F. Both host-plant phylogeny and chemistry have shaped the African seed-beetle radiation. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 35:602-611.
66. Kim C.G., Su Z.H., Okamoto M., Osawa S. Phylogeny and evolution of the division Procrustimorphi (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the World as deduced from the mitochondrial ND5 sequences. Elytra, Tokyo 2003, 31:263-284.
67. Kitamura A., Takano O., Takata H., Omote H. Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene paleoceanographic evolution of the Sea of Japan. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2001, 172:81-98.
68. Kitamura A., Kimoto K. History of the inflow of the warm Tsushima Current into the Sea of Japan between 3.5 and 0.8 Ma. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2006, 236:355-366.
69. Lapouge, G.V., 1930. Coleoptera Adephaga. Fam. Carabidae. Subfam. Carabinae, II. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 192, pp. 155-291.
70. Liu G.Q., Deuve T., Tian M.Y. Larval description of Carabus prodigus Erichson, with discussion of the position of the subgenus Apotomopterus within the genus Carabus L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Coleopt. Bull. 2009, 63:221-227.
71. Lövei G.L., Sunderland K.D. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1996, 41:231-256.
72. Maruyama S., Isozaki Y., Kimura G., Terabayashi M. Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: Plate tectonic synthesisfrom 750 Ma to the present. Island Arc. 1997, 6:121-142.
73. Matern A., Desender K., Drees C., Gaublomme E., Paill W.G., Assmann T. Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered insect species Carabus variolosus in its western distribution range: implications for conservation. Conserv. Genet. 2009, 10:391-405.
74. McGuire J.A., Witt C.C., Altshuler D.L., Remsen J.V.J. Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy. Syst. Biol. 2007, 56:837-856.
75. Moore W.S. Inferring phylogenies from mtDNA variation: mitochondrial-gene trees versus nuclear-gene trees. Evolution 1995, 49:718-726.
76. Moritz C., Dowling T.E., Brown W.M. Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA: relevance for population biology and systematics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1987, 18:269-292.
77. Morrone J.J., Crisci J.V. Historical biogeography: introduction to methods. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1995, 26:373-401.
78. Nakhleh, L., Ruths, D., Wang, L.S., 2005. RIATA-HGT: A fast and accurate heuristic for reconstrucing horizontal gene transfer. In: Wang, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eleventh International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON 05), pp. 84-93.
79. Negro M., Casale A., Migliore L., Palestrini C., Rolando A. The effect of local anthropogenic habitat heterogeneity on assemblages of carabids (Coleoptera, Caraboidea) endemic to the Alps. Biodivers. Conserv. 2007, 16:3919-3932.
80. Negro M., Casale A., Migliore L., Palestrini C., Rolando A. Habitat use and movement patterns in the endangered ground beetle species, Carabus olympiae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 2008, 105:105-112.
81. Nylander, J.A.A., 2004. MrAIC.pl. Program Distributed by the Author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Upssala.
82. Nylander J.A.A., Wilgenbusch J.C., Warren D.L., Swofford D.L. AWTY (are we there yet?): a system for grafical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetics. Bioinformatics 2008, 24:581-584.
83. Obydov D. A natural interspecific hybrid between Carabus (Morphocarabus) odoratus Motchulsky, 1844 and Carabus (Carabus) arvensis Herbst, 1784 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Baltic J. Coleopterol. 2007, 7:199-203.
84. Osawa S., Su Z.-H., Imura Y. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Carabid Ground Beetles 2004, Springer Verlag, Tokyo.
85. Penev, L., Casale, A., Turin, H., 2003. Beogeography. In: Turin, H., Penev, L.D., Casale, A. (Eds.), The Genus Carabus in Europe. A Synthesis. Fauna Europaea Invertebrata No. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 327-425 (Chapter 8).
86. Ponomarenko A. Suborder Adephaga. Mezozoiskie Zhestkokrylye Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 1977, vol. 161:17-104. Nauka Publishers, Moscow.
87. Prüser F., Brückner M., Mossakowski D. Colonisation of Canary islands by Carabus species: evidence from different character complexes. Natural History and Applied Ecology of Carabid Beetles 2000, 45-52. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia. P. Brandmayr, G. Lövei, T. Zetto Brandmayr, A. Casale, A. Vigna Taglianti (Eds.).
88. Qiang X., Li Z., Powell C.M., Zheng H. Magnetostratigraphic record of the Late Miocene onset of the East Asian monsoon, and Pliocene uplift of northern Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 187:83-93.
89. Quade J., Cerling T., Bowman J. Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in Northern Pakistan. Nature 1989, 342:163-166.
90. Rainio J., Niemelä J. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators. Biodivers. Conserv. 2003, 12:487-506.
91. Rambaut, A., 2006. FigTree. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/.
92. Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., 2007. Tracer v1.5. http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.
93. Rasplus J.Y., Garnier S., Meusnier S., Piry S., Audiot P., Cornuet J.M. Setting conservation priorities: the case study of Carabus solieri (Col. Carabidae). Gen. Select. Evolut. 2001, 33:S141-S175.
94. Reitter E. Carabidae I. Carabini. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der europäischen Coleopteren 1896, 34:38-198.
95. Rijnsdorp A.D. Pattern of movement in and dispersal from a Dutch forest of Carabus problematicus Hbst. (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Oecologia 1980, 45:274-281.
96. Rubinoff D., Holland B.S. Between two extremes: mitochondrial DNA is neither the panacea nor the nemesis of phylogenetic and taxonomic inference. Syst. Biol. 2005, 54:952-961.
97. Rubinoff D., Sperling F.A.H. Evolution of ecological traits and wing morphology in Hemileuca (Saturniidae) based on a two-gene phylogeny. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2002, 25:70-86.
98. Sander A.C., Purtauf T., Wolters V., Dauber J. Landscape genetics of the widespread ground-beetle Carabus auratus in an agricultural region. Basic Appl. Ecol. 2006, 7:555-564.
99. Sang T., Zhong Y. Testing hybridization hypotheses based on incongruent gene trees. Syst. Biol. 2000, 49:422-434.
100. Shimodaira H. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol. 2002, 51:492-508.
101. Shimodaira H., Hasegawa M. Multiple comparisons of loglikelihoods with applications to phylogenetic inference. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1999, 16:1114-1116.
102. Shimodaira H., Hasegawa M. CONSEL: for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection. Bioinformatics 2001, 17:1246-1247.
103. Simon C., Frati F., Beckenbach A., Crespi B., Liu H., Flook P. Evolution, weighting, phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1994, 87:651-701.
104. Solignac M., Monnerot M. Race formation, speciation, and introgression within Drosophila simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis. Evolution 1986, 40:531-539.
105. Sota T., Ishikawa H., Ujiie M., Kusumoto F., Vogler A. Extensive trans-species mitochondrial polymorphisms in the carabid beetles Carabus subgenus Ohomopterus caused by repeated introgressive hybridization. Mol. Ecol. 2001, 10:2833-2847.
106. Sota T., Ishikawa R. Phylogeny and life-history evolution in Carabus (subtribe Carabina: Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on sequences of two nuclear genes. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2004, 81:135-149.
107. Sota T., Nagata N. Diversification in a fluctuating island setting: rapid radiation of Ohomopterus ground beetles in the Japanese Islands. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2008, 363:3377-3390.
108. Sota T., Vogler A.P. Incongruence of mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees in the carabid beetles Ohomopterus. Syst. Biol. 2001, 50:39-59.
109. Sota T., Vogler A.P. Reconstructing species phylogeny of the carabid beetles Ohomopterus using multiple nuclear DNA sequences: heterogenous information content and the performance of simultaneous analyses. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 26:139-154.
110. Stamatakis, A., 2006. Phylogenetic models of rate heterogeneity: A High Performance Computing Perspective. International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2006), Rhodes Island, Greece, 8 pp.
111. Streiff R., Veyrier R., Audiot P., Meusnier S., Brouat C. Introgression in natural populations of bioindicators: a case study of Carabus splendens and Carabus punctatoauratus. Mol. Ecol. 2005, 14:3775-3786.
112. Su Z.-H., Imura Y., Osawa S. Evolutionary discontinuity of the carabine ground beetles. J. Mol. Evol. 2001, 53:517-529.
113. Su Z.-H., Ohama T., Okada T.S., Nakamura K., Ishikawa R., Osawa S. Geography-linked phylogeny of the Damaster ground beetles inferred from Mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 1996, 42:130-134.
114. Su Z.-H., Tominaga O., Ohama T., Kajiwara E., Ishikawa R., Okada T., Nakamura K., Osawa S. Parallel evolution in radiation of Ohomopterus ground beetles inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 1996, 43:662-671.
115. Su Z.-H., Imura Y., Okamoto M., Kim C.G., Zhou H.Z., Paik J.C., Osawa S. Phylogeny and evolution of Digitulati ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2004, 30:152-166.
116. Sun D., Shaw J., An Z., Cheng M., Yue L. Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation of a continous 7.2.Ma Late Cenozoic eolian sediments from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:85-88.
117. Sun J.M., Zhang Z.Q. Palynological evidence for the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum recorded in Cenozoic sediments of the Tian Shan Range, northwestern China. Global Planet. Change 2008, 64:53-68.
118. Tada R. Paleoceanographic evolution of the Japan Sea. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1994, 108:487-508.
119. Taira A. Tectonic evolution of the Japanese island arc system. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2001, 29:109-134.
120. Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M., Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2007, 24:1596-1599.
121. Than C., Ruths D., Nakhleh L. PhyloNet: a software package for analyzing and reconstructing reticulate evolutionary relationships. BMC Bioinform. 2008, 9.
122. Thiele H. Carabid Beetles in their Environments 1977, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
123. Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., Gibson J.T. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignement through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucl. Acids Res. 1994, 22:4673-4680.
124. Turin H., Casale A., Kryzhanouskij O.L., Makarov K.V., Penev L.D. Checklist and atlas of the genus Carabus Linnaeus in Europe (Coleoptera, Carabidae) 1993, Backhuys, Universal Book Service, Leiden.
125. Turin, H., Penev, L.D., Casale, A. (Eds.), 2003. The Genus Carabus in Europe: A Synthesis. Fauna Europaea Invertebrata No. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.
126. Utescher T., Erdei B., Francois L., Mosbrugger V. Tree diversity in the Miocene forests of western Eurasia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2007, 253:226-250.
127. Zachos J., Pagani M., Sloan L., Thomas E., Billups K. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 2001, 292:686-693.
128. Zhang A.B., KubotaTA K., Takami Y., Kim J.L., Kim J.K., Sota T. Species status and phylogeography of two closely related Coptolabrus species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in South Korea inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Mol. Ecol. 2005, 14:3823-3841.
129. Zhang A.B., Sota T. Nuclear gene sequences resolve species phylogeny and mitochondrial introgression in Leptocarabus beetles showing trans-species polymorphisms. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 45:534-546.
130. Zhisheng A., Kutzbach J.E., Prell W.L., Porter S.C. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature 2001, 411:62-66.