메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

The faint young Sun problem

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATOLOGY; EARTH (PLANET); GEOCHEMISTRY; GREENHOUSE GASES; LIQUID METHANE; METHANE;

EID: 84861657914     PISSN: 87551209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011RG000375     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (258)

References (277)
  • 1
    • 80053079871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Jormungand global climate state and implications for Neoproterozoic glaciations
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD015927
    • Abbot, D. S., A. Voigt, and D. Koll (2011), The Jormungand global climate state and implications for Neoproterozoic glaciations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18103, doi:10.1029/2011JD015927.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Abbot, D.S.1    Voigt, A.2    Koll, D.3
  • 2
    • 0000208107 scopus 로고
    • Chemical events on the primitive Earth
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.55.6.1365
    • Abelson, P. H. (1966), Chemical events on the primitive Earth, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 55, 1365-1372, doi:10.1073/pnas.55.6.1365.
    • (1966) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.55 , pp. 1365-1372
    • Abelson, P.H.1
  • 3
    • 0142226946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archean microfossils: A reappraisal of early life on Earth
    • DOI 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.08.006
    • Altermann, W., and J. Kazmierczak (2003), Archean microfossils: A reappraisal of early life on Earth, Res. Microbiol., 154, 611-617, doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2003.08.006. (Pubitemid 37329968)
    • (2003) Research in Microbiology , vol.154 , Issue.9 , pp. 611-617
    • Altermann, W.1    Kazmierczak, J.2
  • 4
    • 0014430468 scopus 로고
    • Ammonium ion concentration in the primitive ocean
    • doi:10.1126/science.159.3813.423
    • Bada, J. L., and S. L. Miller (1968), Ammonium ion concentration in the primitive ocean, Science, 159, 423-425, doi:10.1126/science.159.3813.423.
    • (1968) Science , vol.159 , pp. 423-425
    • Bada, J.L.1    Miller, S.L.2
  • 6
    • 0035838596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar models: Current epoch and time dependences, neutrinos, and helioseismological properties
    • doi:10.1086/321493
    • Bahcall, J. N., M. H. Pinsonneault, and S. Basu (2001), Solar models: Current epoch and time dependences, neutrinos, and helioseismological properties, Astrophys. J., 555, 990-1012, doi:10.1086/321493.
    • (2001) Astrophys. J. , vol.555 , pp. 990-1012
    • Bahcall, J.N.1    Pinsonneault, M.H.2    Basu, S.3
  • 7
    • 37049251518 scopus 로고
    • Microorganisms three billion years old from the Precambrian of South Africa
    • doi:10.1126/science.152.3723.758
    • Barghoorn, E. S., and J. W. Schopf (1966), Microorganisms three billion years old from the Precambrian of South Africa, Science, 152, 758-763, doi:10.1126/science.152.3723.758.
    • (1966) Science , vol.152 , pp. 758-763
    • Barghoorn, E.S.1    Schopf, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 0039379930 scopus 로고
    • Ancient climates: Investigation with climate models
    • doi:10.1088/0034-4885/47/12/001
    • Barron, E. J. (1984), Ancient climates: Investigation with climate models, Rep. Prog. Phys., 47, 1563-1599, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/47/12/001.
    • (1984) Rep. Prog. Phys. , vol.47 , pp. 1563-1599
    • Barron, E.J.1
  • 9
    • 63149139586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane and the CH4-related greenhouse effect over the past 400 million years
    • doi:10.2475/02.2009.01
    • Beerling, D., R. A. Berner, F. T. Mackenzie, M. B. Harfoot, and J. A. Pyle (2009), Methane and the CH4-related greenhouse effect over the past 400 million years, Am. J. Sci., 309, 97-113, doi:10.2475/02.2009.01.
    • (2009) Am. J. Sci. , vol.309 , pp. 97-113
    • Beerling, D.1    Berner, R.A.2    MacKenzie, F.T.3    Harfoot, M.B.4    Pyle, J.A.5
  • 11
    • 77956903407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth of the continental crust: Constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.024
    • Belousova, E. A., Y. A. Kostitsyn, W. L. Griffin, G. C. Begg, S. Y. O'Reilly, and N. J. Pearson (2010), The growth of the continental crust: Constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data, Lithos, 119, 457-466, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.024.
    • (2010) Lithos , vol.119 , pp. 457-466
    • Belousova, E.A.1    Kostitsyn, Y.A.2    Griffin, W.L.3    Begg, G.C.4    O'Reilly, S.Y.5    Pearson, N.J.6
  • 12
    • 84952920974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archean geodynamics and environments
    • AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/GM164
    • Benn, K., J.-C. Mareschal, and K. C. Condie (Eds.) (2006), Archean Geodynamics and Environments, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol. 164, 320 pp., AGU, Washington, D. C, doi:10.1029/GM164.
    • (2006) Geophys. Monogr. ser , vol.164 , pp. 320
    • Benn, K.1    Mareschal, J.-C.2    Condie, K.C.3
  • 13
    • 0029475033 scopus 로고
    • A. G. Hogbom and the development of the concept of the geochemical carbon cycle
    • Berner, R. A. (1995), A. G. Högbom and the development of the concept of the geochemical carbon cycle, Am. J. Sci, 295(5), 491-495, doi:10.2475/ajs.295.5.491. (Pubitemid 26436539)
    • (1995) American Journal of Science , vol.295 , Issue.5 , pp. 491-495
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 14
    • 0000949794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical weathering and controls on atmospheric O2 and CO2: Fundamental principles were enunciated by J. J. Ebelmen in 1845
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00104-4
    • Berner, R. A., and K. A. Maasch (1996), Chemical weathering and controls on atmospheric O2 and CO2: Fundamental principles were enunciated by J. J. Ebelmen in 1845, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 1633-1637, doi:10.1016/0016- 7037(96)00104-4.
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 1633-1637
    • Berner, R.A.1    Maasch, K.A.2
  • 15
    • 0020970297 scopus 로고
    • The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
    • doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.641
    • Berner, R. A., A. C. Lasaga, and R. M. Garrels (1983), The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years, Am. J. Sci., 283(7), 641-683, doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.641.
    • (1983) Am. J. Sci. , vol.283 , Issue.7 , pp. 641-683
    • Berner, R.A.1    Lasaga, A.C.2    Garrels, R.M.3
  • 16
    • 77951116320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphate oxygen isotopic evidence for a temperate and biologically active Archaean ocean
    • doi:10.1038/nature08952
    • Blake, R. E., S. J. Chang, and A. Lepland (2010), Phosphate oxygen isotopic evidence for a temperate and biologically active Archaean ocean, Nature, 464, 1029-1032, doi:10.1038/nature08952.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 1029-1032
    • Blake, R.E.1    Chang, S.J.2    Lepland, A.3
  • 17
    • 0000163006 scopus 로고
    • Our Sun. II-Early mass loss of 0.1 solar mass and the case of the missing lithium
    • doi:10.1086/170361
    • Boothroyd, A. I., I. Sackmann, and W. A. Fowler (1991), Our Sun. II-Early mass loss of 0.1 solar mass and the case of the missing lithium, Astrophys. J., 377, 318-329, doi:10.1086/170361.
    • (1991) Astrophys. J. , vol.377 , pp. 318-329
    • Boothroyd, A.I.1    Sackmann, I.2    Fowler, W.A.3
  • 18
    • 0001006562 scopus 로고
    • The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth
    • doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00466.x
    • Budyko, M. I. (1969), The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth, Tellus, 21, 611-619, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00466. x.
    • (1969) Tellus , vol.21 , pp. 611-619
    • Budyko, M.I.1
  • 19
    • 34249279832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did the Proterozoic 'Canfield Ocean' cause a laughing gas greenhouse?
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00110.x
    • Buick, R. (2007), Did the Proterozoic 'Canfield Ocean' cause a laughing gas greenhouse?, Geobiology, 5, 97-100, doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00110.x. (Pubitemid 46808903)
    • (2007) Geobiology , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-100
    • Buick, R.1
  • 20
    • 0027008971 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of the early Earth to irreversible glaciation caused by carbon dioxide clouds
    • Caldeira, K., and J. F. Kasting (1992), Susceptibility of the early Earth to irreversible glaciation caused by carbon dioxide clouds, Nature, 359, 226-228, doi:10.1038/359226a0. (Pubitemid 23384563)
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , Issue.6392 , pp. 226-228
    • Caldeira, K.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 21
    • 0001310095 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the Moon
    • Cameron, A. G. W., and W. R. Ward (1976), The origin of the Moon, Lunar Sci., 7, 120-122.
    • (1976) Lunar Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 120-122
    • Cameron, A.G.W.1    Ward, W.R.2
  • 22
    • 20744459768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early history of atmospheric oxygen: Homage to Robert M. Garrels
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122711
    • Canfield, D. E. (2005), The early history of atmospheric oxygen: Homage to Robert M. Garrels, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 33, 1-36, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122711. (Pubitemid 40854583)
    • (2005) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.33 , pp. 1-36
    • Canfield, D.E.1
  • 23
    • 8344220396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of lunar formation
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.082201.113457
    • Canup, R. M. (2004), Dynamics of lunar formation, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 42, 441-475, doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41. 082201.113457. (Pubitemid 39483476)
    • (2004) Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol.42 , pp. 441-475
    • Canup, R.M.1
  • 24
    • 0030438497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Carr, M. H. (1996), Water on Mars, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1996) Water on Mars
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 25
    • 33644801538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "a hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere"
    • doi:10.1126/science.1117827
    • Catling, D. C. (2006), Comment on "A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere", Science, 311, 38, doi:10.1126/science.1117827.
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 38
    • Catling, D.C.1
  • 26
    • 24144489481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How earth's atmosphere evolved to an oxic state: A status report
    • DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013, PII S0012821X05003924
    • Catling, D. C, and M. W. Claire (2005), How Earth's atmosphere evolved to an oxic state: A status report, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 237, 1-20, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013. (Pubitemid 41235821)
    • (2005) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.237 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-20
    • Catling, D.C.1    Claire, M.W.2
  • 27
    • 49149141291 scopus 로고
    • The Martian paleoclimate and enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90169-4
    • Cess, R. D., V. Ramanathan, and T. Owen (1980), The Martian paleoclimate and enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide, Icarus, 41, 159-165, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90169-4.
    • (1980) Icarus , vol.41 , pp. 159-165
    • Cess, R.D.1    Ramanathan, V.2    Owen, T.3
  • 28
    • 0037116322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of new CERES data for evidence of tropical Iris feedback
    • Chambers L. H., B. Lin, and D. F. Young (2002), Examination of new CERES data for evidence of tropical iris feedback, J. Clim. 15, 3719-3726, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)0153719: EONCDF2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36199422)
    • (2002) Journal of Climate , vol.15 , Issue.24 , pp. 3719-3726
    • Chambers, L.H.1    Lin, B.2    Young, D.F.3
  • 29
    • 0025256449 scopus 로고
    • Impact delivery and erosion of planetary oceans in the early inner Solar System
    • DOI 10.1038/343129a0
    • Chyba, C. F. (1990), Impact delivery and erosion of planetary oceans in the early inner solar system, Nature, 343, 129-133, doi:10.1038/343129a0. (Pubitemid 20411916)
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , Issue.6254 , pp. 129-133
    • Chyba, C.F.1
  • 30
    • 77953249420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric science: Countering the early faint Sun
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1189196
    • Chyba, C. F. (2010), Atmospheric science: Countering the early faint Sun, Science, 328, 1238-1239, doi:10.1126/science. 1189196.
    • (2010) Science , vol.328 , pp. 1238-1239
    • Chyba, C.F.1
  • 31
    • 0026513112 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: An inventory for the origins of life
    • doi:10.1038/355125a0
    • Chyba, C, and C. Sagan (1992), Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: An inventory for the origins of life, Nature, 355, 125-132, doi:10.1038/355125a0.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 125-132
    • Chyba, C.1    Sagan, C.2
  • 34
    • 0020969450 scopus 로고
    • The geologic record of climatic change
    • doi:10.1029/RG021i004p00828
    • Crowley, T. J. (1983), The geologic record of climatic change, Rev. Geophys., 21, 828-877, doi:10.1029/RG021i004p00828.
    • (1983) Rev. Geophys. , vol.21 , pp. 828-877
    • Crowley, T.J.1
  • 35
    • 0027830089 scopus 로고
    • Effect of decreased solar luminosity on Late Precambrian ice extent
    • doi:10.1029/93JD01415
    • Crowley, T. J., and S. K. Baum (1993), Effect of decreased solar luminosity on Late Precambrian ice extent, J. Geophys. Res., 981, 16,723-16,732, doi:10.1029/93JD01415.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.981 , pp. 16723-16732
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Baum, S.K.2
  • 36
    • 0001612348 scopus 로고
    • An inversion in the atmosphere of Titan
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90016-X
    • Danielson, R. E., J. J. Caldwell, and D. R. Larach (1973), An inversion in the atmosphere of Titan, Icarus, 20, 437-443, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90016- X.
    • (1973) Icarus , vol.20 , pp. 437-443
    • Danielson, R.E.1    Caldwell, J.J.2    Larach, D.R.3
  • 37
    • 79954589499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earth's surface heat flux
    • doi:10.5194/se-1-5-2010
    • Davies, J. H., and D. R. Davies (2010), Earth's surface heat flux, Solid Earth, 1, 5-24, doi:10.5194/se-1-5-2010.
    • (2010) Solid Earth , vol.1 , pp. 5-24
    • Davies, J.H.1    Davies, D.R.2
  • 39
    • 0031425346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid chemistry of Archean seafloor hydrothermal vents: Implications for the composition of circa 3.2 Ga seawater
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00205-6
    • de Ronde, C. E. J., D. M. der. Channer, K. Faure, C. J. Bray, and E. T. C. Spooner (1997), Fluid chemistry of Archean seafloor hydrothermal vents: Implications for the composition of circa 3.2 Ga seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 4025-4042, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00205-6.
    • (1997) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.61 , pp. 4025-4042
    • De Ronde, C.E.J.1    Der. Channer, D.M.2    Faure, K.3    Bray, C.J.4    Spooner, E.T.C.5
  • 40
    • 0001345808 scopus 로고
    • Helioseismology: Oscillations as a diagnostic of the solar interior
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184. 003113
    • Deubner, F.-L., and D. Gough (1984), Helioseismology: Oscillations as a diagnostic of the solar interior, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 22, 593-619, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184. 003113.
    • (1984) Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. , vol.22 , pp. 593-619
    • Deubner, F.-L.1    Gough, D.2
  • 42
    • 84858325066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1216066
    • Dhuime, B., C. J. Hawkesworth, P. A. Cawood, and C. D. Storey (2012), A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago, Science, 335, 1334-1336, doi:10.1126/science. 1216066.
    • (2012) Science , vol.335 , pp. 1334-1336
    • Dhuime, B.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2    Cawood, P.A.3    Storey, C.D.4
  • 43
    • 43049128817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic haze, glaciations and multiple sulfur isotopes in the mid-Archean era
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.040
    • Domagal-Goldman, S. D., J. F. Kasting, D. T. Johnston, and J. Farquhar (2008), Organic haze, glaciations and multiple sulfur isotopes in the mid-Archean era, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 269, 29-40, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008. 01.040.
    • (2008) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.269 , pp. 29-40
    • Domagal-Goldman, S.D.1    Kasting, J.F.2    Johnston, D.T.3    Farquhar, J.4
  • 44
    • 79959990784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets
    • doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509
    • Domagal-Goldman, S. D., V. S. Meadows, M. W. Claire, and J. F. Kasting (2011), Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets, Astrobiology, 11, 419-441, doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509.
    • (2011) Astrobiology , vol.11 , pp. 419-441
    • Domagal-Goldman, S.D.1    Meadows, V.S.2    Claire, M.W.3    Kasting, J.F.4
  • 45
    • 84861653897 scopus 로고
    • On the early history of the Earth
    • doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[287:OTEHOT]2.0.CO;2
    • Donn, W. L., B. D. Donn, and W. G. Valentine (1965), On the early history of the Earth, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 76, 287-306, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1965) 76[287:OTEHOT]2.0.CO;2.
    • (1965) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.76 , pp. 287-306
    • Donn, W.L.1    Donn, B.D.2    Valentine, W.G.3
  • 46
    • 12044253147 scopus 로고
    • HD 129333: The sun in its infancy
    • DOI 10.1086/174289
    • Dorren, J. D., and E. F. Guinan (1994), HD 129333: The Sun in its infancy, Astrophys. J., 428, 805-818, doi:10.1086/174289. (Pubitemid 24795586)
    • (1994) Astrophysical Journal , vol.428 , Issue.2 NUMBER 1 , pp. 805
    • Dorren, J.D.1    Guinan, E.F.2
  • 47
    • 79960413897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoarchean paleoweathering of tonalite and metabasalt: Implications for reconstructions of 2.69 Ga early terrestrial ecosystems and paleoatmospheric chemistry
    • doi:10.1016/j. precamres.2011.04.003
    • Driese, S. G., M. A. Jirsa, M. Ren, S. L. Brantley, N. D. Sheldon, D. Parker, and M. Schmitz (2011), Neoarchean paleoweathering of tonalite and metabasalt: Implications for reconstructions of 2.69 Ga early terrestrial ecosystems and paleoatmospheric chemistry, Precambrian Res., 189(1-2), 1-17, doi:10.1016/j. precamres.2011.04.003.
    • (2011) Precambrian Res. , vol.189 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-17
    • Driese, S.G.1    Jirsa, M.A.2    Ren, M.3    Brantley, S.L.4    Sheldon, N.D.5    Parker, D.6    Schmitz, M.7
  • 48
    • 0012042241 scopus 로고
    • Über Strahlungsgleichgewicht und atmosphär-ische Strahlung: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der oberen Inversion
    • 1913
    • Emden, R. (1913), Über Strahlungsgleichgewicht und atmosphär-ische Strahlung: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der oberen Inversion, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. München, 1913, 55-142.
    • (1913) Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. München , pp. 55-142
    • Emden, R.1
  • 49
    • 34948876915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of present-day abiogenic methane fluxes for the early Archean atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1029/2007GL030532
    • Emmanuel, S., and J. J. Ague (2007), Implications of present-day abiogenic methane fluxes for the Early Archean atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 341, L15810, doi:10.1029/2007GL030532. (Pubitemid 47521314)
    • (2007) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.34 , Issue.15
    • Emmanuel, S.1    Ague, J.J.2
  • 50
    • 0000037464 scopus 로고
    • The faint young Sun-climate paradox-Continental influences
    • doi:10.1029/JC087iC09p07295
    • Endal, A. S., and K. H. Schatten (1982), The faint young Sun-climate paradox-Continental influences, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 7295-7302, doi:10.1029/JC087iC09p07295.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 7295-7302
    • Endal, A.S.1    Schatten, K.H.2
  • 51
    • 69849111175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explorations of atmosphere-ocean-ice climates on an aquaplanet and their meridional energy transports
    • doi:10.1175/2008JAS2680.1
    • Enderton, D., and J. Marshall (2009), Explorations of atmosphere-ocean-ice climates on an aquaplanet and their meridional energy transports, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1593-1611, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2680.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1593-1611
    • Enderton, D.1    Marshall, J.2
  • 53
    • 33750588095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic low orbital obliquity and axial-dipolar geomagnetic field from evaporite palaeolatitudes
    • DOI 10.1038/nature05203, PII NATURE05203
    • Evans, D. A. D. (2006), Proterozoic low orbital obliquity and axial-dipolar geomagnetic field from evaporite palaeolatitudes, Nature, 444, 51-55, doi:10.1038/nature05203. (Pubitemid 44684752)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , Issue.7115 , pp. 51-55
    • Evans, D.A.D.1
  • 54
    • 0034604452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric influence of Earth's earliest sulfur cycle
    • DOI 10.1126/science.289.5480.756
    • Farquhar, J., H. Bao, and M. Thiemens (2000), Atmospheric influence of Earth's earliest sulfur cycle, Science, 289, 756-759, doi:10.1126/science.289. 5480.756. (Pubitemid 30650191)
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5480 , pp. 756-758
    • Farquhar, J.1    Bao, H.2    Thiemens, M.3
  • 55
    • 77953715095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explorations of atmosphere-ocean-ice climates on an aquaplanet and their meridional energy transports
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3197.1
    • Ferreira, D., J. Marshall, and J.-M. Campin (2010), Explorations of atmosphere-ocean-ice climates on an aquaplanet and their meridional energy transports, J. Clim., 23, 1456-1476, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3197.1.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 1456-1476
    • Ferreira, D.1    Marshall, J.2    Campin, J.-M.3
  • 56
    • 74149083178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate modelling of mass-extinction events: A review
    • doi:10.1017/S1473550409990061
    • Feulner, G. (2009), Climate modelling of mass-extinction events: A review, Int. J. Astrobiol., 8, 207-212, doi:10.1017/S1473550409990061.
    • (2009) Int. J. Astrobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 207-212
    • Feulner, G.1
  • 58
    • 0030657714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming early Mars with carbon dioxide clouds that scatter infrared radiation
    • DOI 10.1126/science.278.5341.1273
    • Forget, F., and R. T. Pierrehumbert (1997), Warming early Mars with carbon dioxide clouds that scatter infrared radiation, Science, 278, 1273-1276, doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1273. (Pubitemid 27495735)
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , Issue.5341 , pp. 1273-1276
    • Forget, F.1    Pierrehumbert, R.T.2
  • 61
    • 10844239968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative output and its variability: Evidence and mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1
    • Fröhlich, C., and J. Lean (2004), Solar radiative output and its variability: Evidence and mechanisms, Astron. Astrophys. Rev., 12, 273-320, doi:10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1. (Pubitemid 40005830)
    • (2004) Astronomy and Astrophysics Review , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-320
    • Frohlich, C.1    Lean, J.2
  • 62
    • 48749104391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cirrus and water vapor: An effective Earth infrared iris feedback?
    • doi:10.5194/acp-2-31-2002
    • Fu, Q., M. Baker, and D. L. Hartmann (2002), Tropical cirrus and water vapor: an effective Earth infrared iris feedback?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 31-37, doi:10.5194/acp-2-31-2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.2 , pp. 31-37
    • Fu, Q.1    Baker, M.2    Hartmann, D.L.3
  • 63
    • 0026480350 scopus 로고
    • The faint young Sun climatic paradox: A simulation with an interactive seasonal climate-sea ice model
    • doi:10.1016/0031-0182(92) 90206-K
    • Gérard, J.-C., D. A. Hauglustaine, and L. M. François (1992), The faint young Sun climatic paradox: A simulation with an interactive seasonal climate-sea ice model, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclima-tol. Palaeoecol., 97(3), 133-150, doi:10.1016/0031-0182(92) 90206-K.
    • (1992) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclima-tol. Palaeoecol. , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 133-150
    • Gérard, J.-C.1    Hauglustaine, D.A.2    François, L.M.3
  • 64
    • 84864671342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Runaway Greenhouse: Implications for future climate change, geoengineering and planetary atmospheres
    • in press
    • Goldblatt, C, and A. J. Watson (2012), The Runaway Greenhouse: Implications for future climate change, geoengineering and planetary atmospheres, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, in press.
    • (2012) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A
    • Goldblatt, C.1    Watson, A.J.2
  • 65
    • 79952382904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clouds and the faint young Sun paradox
    • doi:10.5194/cp-7-203-2011
    • Goldblatt, C, and K. J. Zahnle (2011), Clouds and the faint young Sun paradox, Clim. Past, 7(1), 203-220, doi:10.5194/cp-7-203-2011.
    • (2011) Clim. Past , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 203-220
    • Goldblatt, C.1    Zahnle, K.J.2
  • 66
    • 33749832874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation
    • DOI 10.1038/nature05169, PII NATURE05169
    • Goldblatt, C, T. M. Lenton, and A. J. Watson (2006), Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation, Nature, 443, 683-686, doi:10.1038/nature05169. (Pubitemid 44564709)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , Issue.7112 , pp. 683-686
    • Goldblatt, C.1    Lenton, T.M.2    Watson, A.J.3
  • 69
    • 33845659480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through thick and thin: Marine and meteoric ice in a "Snowball Earth" climate
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL026840
    • Goodman, J. C. (2006), Through thick and thin: Marine and meteoric ice in a "snowball Earth" climate, Geophys. Res. Lett, 33, L16701, doi:10.1029/2006GL026840. (Pubitemid 44945742)
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.16
    • Goodman, J.C.1
  • 70
    • 0019715210 scopus 로고
    • Precambrian perspectives
    • doi:10.1126/science.213.4503.55
    • Goodwin, A. M. (1981), Precambrian perspectives, Science, 213, 55-61, doi:10.1126/science.213.4503.55.
    • (1981) Science , vol.213 , pp. 55-61
    • Goodwin, A.M.1
  • 71
    • 0002751925 scopus 로고
    • Solar interior structure and luminosity variations
    • doi:10.1007/BF00151270
    • Gough, D. O. (1981), Solar interior structure and luminosity variations, Sol. Phys., 74, 21-34, doi:10.1007/BF00151270.
    • (1981) Sol. Phys. , vol.74 , pp. 21-34
    • Gough, D.O.1
  • 72
    • 84893394905 scopus 로고
    • Early solar mass loss-A potential solution to the weak Sun paradox
    • doi:10.1029/91GL02314
    • Graedel, T. E., I. Sackmann, and A. I. Boothroyd (1991), Early solar mass loss-A potential solution to the weak Sun paradox, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1881-1884, doi:10.1029/91GL02314.
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 1881-1884
    • Graedel, T.E.1    Sackmann, I.2    Boothroyd, A.I.3
  • 73
    • 77953746643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar influences on climate
    • doi:10.1029/2009RG000282
    • Gray, L. J., et al. (2010), Solar influences on climate, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000282.
    • (2010) Rev. Geophys. , vol.48
    • Gray, L.J.1
  • 74
    • 84893407973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sun in time: Activity and environment [online]
    • Güdel, M. (2007), The Sun in time: Activity and environment [online], Living Rev. Solar Phys., 4, 3.
    • (2007) Living Rev. Solar Phys. , vol.4 , pp. 3
    • Güdel, M.1
  • 75
    • 11944271948 scopus 로고
    • Early solar mass loss, element diffusion, and solar oscillation frequencies
    • doi:10.1086/176019
    • Guzik, J. A., and A. N. Cox (1995), Early solar mass loss, element diffusion, and solar oscillation frequencies, Astrophys. J., 448, 905-914, doi:10.1086/176019.
    • (1995) Astrophys. J. , vol.448 , pp. 905-914
    • Guzik, J.A.1    Cox, A.N.2
  • 76
    • 0012910465 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between mass-losing and standard solar models
    • doi:10.1086/165512
    • Guzik, J. A., L. A. Willson, and W. M. Brunish (1987), A comparison between mass-losing and standard solar models, Astrophys. J., 319, 957-965, doi:10.1086/165512.
    • (1987) Astrophys. J. , vol.319 , pp. 957-965
    • Guzik, J.A.1    Willson, L.A.2    Brunish, W.M.3
  • 77
    • 72049108686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer in CO2-rich paleoatmospheres
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD011915
    • Halevy, I., R. T. Pierrehumbert, and D. P. Schrag (2009), Radiative transfer in CO2-rich paleoatmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18112, doi:10.1029/2009JD011915.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Halevy, I.1    Pierrehumbert, R.T.2    Schrag, D.P.3
  • 78
    • 66149172394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A revised, hazy methane greenhouse for the archean earth
    • doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0197
    • Haqq-Misra, J. D., S. D. Domagal-Goldman, P. J. Kasting, and J. F. Kasting (2008), A revised, hazy methane greenhouse for the Archean Earth, Astrobiology, 8, 1127-1137, doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0197.
    • (2008) Astrobiology , vol.8 , pp. 1127-1137
    • Haqq-Misra, J.D.1    Domagal-Goldman, S.D.2    Kasting, P.J.3    Kasting, J.F.4
  • 79
    • 67651115688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hadean crust: Evidence from >4 Ga zircons
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100151
    • Harrison, T. M. (2009), The Hadean crust: Evidence from 4>Ga zircons, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 37, 479-505, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208. 100151.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 479-505
    • Harrison, T.M.1
  • 81
    • 49549143344 scopus 로고
    • Satellite-sized planete-simals and lunar origin
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90070-6
    • Hartmann, W. K., and D. R. Davis (1975), Satellite-sized planete-simals and lunar origin, Icarus, 24, 504-514, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90070-6.
    • (1975) Icarus , vol.24 , pp. 504-514
    • Hartmann, W.K.1    Davis, D.R.2
  • 82
    • 0000934912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time-dependent intense bombardment of the primordial Earth/Moon system
    • edited by R. M. Canup and K. Righter Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Hartmann, W. K., G. Ryder, L. Dones, and D. Grinspoon (2000), The time-dependent intense bombardment of the primordial Earth/Moon system, in Origin of the Earth and Moon, edited by R. M. Canup and K. Righter, pp. 493-512, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson.
    • (2000) Origin of the Earth and Moon , pp. 493-512
    • Hartmann, W.K.1    Ryder, G.2    Dones, L.3    Grinspoon, D.4
  • 83
    • 79952980027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential climatic impact of organic haze on early Earth
    • doi:10.1089/ast. 2010.0541
    • Hasenkopf, C. A., M. A. Freedman, M. R. Beaver, O. B. Toon, and M. A. Tolbert (2011), Potential climatic impact of organic haze on early Earth, Astrobiology, 11, 135-149, doi:10.1089/ast. 2010.0541.
    • (2011) Astrobiology , vol.11 , pp. 135-149
    • Hasenkopf, C.A.1    Freedman, M.A.2    Beaver, M.R.3    Toon, O.B.4    Tolbert, M.A.5
  • 84
    • 0000352463 scopus 로고
    • The solar neutrino problem
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.33. 090195.002331
    • Haxton, W. C. (1995), The solar neutrino problem, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 33, 459-504, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.33. 090195.002331.
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. , vol.33 , pp. 459-504
    • Haxton, W.C.1
  • 85
    • 33748587298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaporites and the salinity of the ocean during the Phanerozoic: Implications for climate, ocean circulation and life
    • DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.044, PII S0031018206002483
    • Hay, W. W., A. Migdisov, A. N. Balukhovsky, C. N. Wold, S. Flögel, and E. Söding (2006), Evaporites and the salinity of the ocean during the Phanerozoic: Implications for climate, ocean circulation and life, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 240, 3-46, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.044. (Pubitemid 44380262)
    • (2006) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.240 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-46
    • Hay, W.W.1    Migdisov, A.2    Balukhovsky, A.N.3    Wold, C.N.4    Flogel, S.5    Soding, E.6
  • 86
    • 0000360836 scopus 로고
    • Simple albedo feedback models of the icecaps
    • doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01641.x
    • Held, I. M., and M. J. Suarez (1975), Simple albedo feedback models of the icecaps, Tellus, 26, 613-629, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01641.x.
    • (1975) Tellus , vol.26 , pp. 613-629
    • Held, I.M.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 87
    • 0018688151 scopus 로고
    • Clouds and the long-term stability of the Earth's atmosphere and climate
    • doi:10.1038/279786a0
    • Henderson-Sellers, A. (1979), Clouds and the long-term stability of the Earth's atmosphere and climate, Nature, 279, 786-788, doi:10.1038/279786a0.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.279 , pp. 786-788
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1
  • 88
    • 0011078312 scopus 로고
    • Equable climate in the early Archaean
    • doi:10.1038/336117b0
    • Henderson-Sellers, A., and B. Henderson-Sellers (1988), Equable climate in the early Archaean, Nature, 336, 117-118, doi:10.1038/336117b0.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 117-118
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Henderson-Sellers, B.2
  • 89
    • 1942520283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lower limit for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels 3.2 billion years ago
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02471
    • Hessler, A. M., D. R. Lowe, R. L. Jones, and D. K. Bird (2004), A lower limit for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels 3.2 billion years ago, Nature, 428, 736-738, doi:10.1038/nature02471. (Pubitemid 38508281)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , Issue.6984 , pp. 736-738
    • Hessler, A.M.1    Lowe, D.R.2    Jones, R.L.3    Bird, D.K.4
  • 90
    • 0036288251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The snowball Earth hypothesis: Testing the limits of global change
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00408.x
    • Hoffman, P. F., and D. P. Schrag (2002), The snowball Earth hypothesis: Testing the limits of global change, Terra Nova, 14, 129-155, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00408.x. (Pubitemid 34696275)
    • (2002) Terra Nova , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-155
    • Hoffman, P.F.1    Schrag, D.P.2
  • 94
    • 84861664670 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on the computation of evolutionary tracks
    • Hoyle, F. (1958), Remarks on the computation of evolutionary tracks, Ric. Astron., 5, 223-230.
    • (1958) Ric. Astron. , vol.5 , pp. 223-230
    • Hoyle, F.1
  • 95
    • 70449643703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago
    • doi:10.1038/nature08518
    • Hren, M. T., M. M. Tice, and C. P. Chamberlain (2009), Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago, Nature, 462, 205-208, doi:10.1038/nature08518.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , pp. 205-208
    • Hren, M.T.1    Tice, M.M.2    Chamberlain, C.P.3
  • 97
    • 0000620933 scopus 로고
    • The escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)0302.0.CO;2
    • Hunten, D. M. (1973), The escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres, J. Atmos. Sci, 30, 1481-1494, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)0302.0. CO;2.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1481-1494
    • Hunten, D.M.1
  • 98
    • 0034713446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoproterozoic 'snowball earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice- sheet model
    • DOI 10.1038/35013005
    • Hyde, W. T., T. J. Crowley, S. K. Baum, and W. R. Peltier (2000), Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model, Nature, 405, 425-429, doi:10.1038/35013005. (Pubitemid 30367412)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , Issue.6785 , pp. 425-429
    • Hyde, W.T.1    Crowley, T.J.2    Baum, S.K.3    Peltier, W.R.4
  • 99
    • 0033084119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the energy balance climate model with CO2-dependent outgoing radiation: Implication for the glaciation during the Cenozoic
    • DOI 10.1029/1998GL900298
    • Ikeda, T., and E. Tajika (1999), A study of the energy balance climate model with CO2-dependent outgoing radiation: Implication for the glaciation during the Cenozoic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 349-352, doi:10.1029/1998GL900298. (Pubitemid 29321817)
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-352
    • Ikeda, T.1    Tajika, E.2
  • 100
    • 0014603244 scopus 로고
    • The Runaway Greenhouse: A history of water on Venus
    • doi:10.1175/15 20-0469(1969)026 2.0.CO;2
    • Ingersoll, A. P. (1969), The Runaway Greenhouse: A history of water on Venus, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1191-1198, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1969)0262.0.CO;2.
    • (1969) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1191-1198
    • Ingersoll, A.P.1
  • 102
    • 34250192219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3.4billion years
    • DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.002, PII S0012825207000505
    • Jaffrés, J. B. D., G. A. Shields, and K. Wallmann (2007), The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3.4 billion years, Earth Sci. Rev., 83, 83-122, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.002. (Pubitemid 46902341)
    • (2007) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.83 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 83-122
    • Jaffres, J.B.D.1    Shields, G.A.2    Wallmann, K.3
  • 103
    • 0027842418 scopus 로고
    • A general circulation model study of the effects of faster rotation rate, enhanced CO2 concentration, and reduced solar forcing: Implications for the faint young Sun paradox
    • doi:10.1029/93JD02056
    • Jenkins, G. S. (1993), A general circulation model study of the effects of faster rotation rate, enhanced CO2 concentration, and reduced solar forcing: Implications for the faint young Sun paradox, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,803-20,811, doi:10.1029/93JD02056.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 20803-20811
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 104
    • 0029471881 scopus 로고
    • Early Earth's climate: Cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations
    • DOI 10.1029/95GL00818
    • Jenkins, G. S. (1995a), Early Earth's climate: Cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations, Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 1513-1516, doi:10.1029/95GL00818. (Pubitemid 26437218)
    • (1995) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1513-1516
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 105
    • 0029471881 scopus 로고
    • Erratum: "Early Earth's climate: Cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations"
    • doi:10.1029/95GL02193
    • Jenkins, G. S. (1995b), Erratum: "Early Earth's climate: Cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations", Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2077-2078, doi:10.1029/95GL02193.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 2077-2078
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 106
    • 0029774523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sensitivity study of changes in Earth's rotation rate with an atmospheric general circulation model
    • doi:10.1016/0921-8181(95)00050-X
    • Jenkins, G. S. (1996), A sensitivity study of changes in Earth's rotation rate with an atmospheric general circulation model, Global Planet. Change, 11, 141-154, doi:10.1016/0921-8181 (95)00050-X.
    • (1996) Global Planet. Change , vol.11 , pp. 141-154
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 107
    • 0032793722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the sensitivity of Earth's climate to the removal of ozone, landmasses and enhanced ocean heat transport in the GENESIS global climate model
    • DOI 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00070-8, PII S0921818198000708
    • Jenkins, G. S. (1999), Examining the sensitivity of Earth's climate to the removal of ozone, landmasses and enhanced ocean heat transport in the GENESIS global climate model, Global Planet. Change, 20, 257-279, doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00070-8. (Pubitemid 29337484)
    • (1999) Global and Planetary Change , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-279
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 108
    • 0033785040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate model high-obliquity solutions to the ancient climate puzzles of the Faint-Young Sun Paradox and low-latitude Proterozoic Glaciation
    • doi:10.1029/1999JD901125
    • Jenkins, G. S. (2000), Global climate model high-obliquity solutions to the ancient climate puzzles of the Faint-Young Sun Paradox and low-latitude Proterozoic Glaciation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7357-7370, doi:10.1029/ 1999JD901125.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 7357-7370
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 109
    • 0027444139 scopus 로고
    • Precambrian climate: The effects of land area and Earth's rotation rate
    • Jenkins, G. S., H. G. Marshall, and W. R. Kuhn (1993), Precam-brian climate: The effects of land area and Earth's rotation rate, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8785-8791, doi:10.1029/93JD00033. (Pubitemid 23383017)
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , Issue.D5 , pp. 8785-8791
    • Jenkins, G.S.1    Marshall, H.G.2    Kuhn, W.R.3
  • 110
    • 34548722200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoprotezoic carbon dioxide levels inferred from calcified cyanobacteria
    • DOI 10.1130/G23680A.1
    • Kah, L. C., and R. Riding (2007), Mesoproterozoic carbon dioxide levels inferred from calcified cyanobacteria, Geology, 35, 799-802, doi:10.1130/2FG23680A.1. (Pubitemid 47433781)
    • (2007) Geology , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 799-802
    • Kah, L.C.1    Riding, R.2
  • 111
    • 0022925588 scopus 로고
    • The implication of the oxygen isotope records in coexisting cherts and phosphates
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(86) 90136-5
    • Karhu, J., and S. Epstein (1986), The implication of the oxygen isotope records in coexisting cherts and phosphates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1745-1756, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(86) 90136-5.
    • (1986) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.50 , pp. 1745-1756
    • Karhu, J.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 112
    • 0001413598 scopus 로고
    • Stability of ammonia in the primitive terrestrial atmosphere
    • doi:10.1029/JC087iC04p03091
    • Kasting, J. F. (1982), Stability of ammonia in the primitive terrestrial atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3091-3098, doi:10.1029/JC087iC04p03091.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 3091-3098
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 113
    • 0023163527 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere
    • doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90001-5
    • Kasting, J. F. (1987), Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere, Precam-brian Res., 34, 205-229, doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90001-5.
    • (1987) Precam-brian Res. , vol.34 , pp. 205-229
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 114
    • 0024274931 scopus 로고
    • Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9
    • Kasting, J. F. (1988), Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus, Icarus, 74, 472-494, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88) 90116-9.
    • (1988) Icarus , vol.74 , pp. 472-494
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 115
    • 0026412262 scopus 로고
    • CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90137-I
    • Kasting, J. F. (1991), CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars, Icarus, 94, 1-13, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90137-I.
    • (1991) Icarus , vol.94 , pp. 1-13
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 116
    • 0027914959 scopus 로고
    • Earth's early atmosphere
    • doi:10.1126/science.11536547
    • Kasting, J. F. (1993), Earth's early atmosphere, Science, 259, 920-926, doi:10.1126/science.11536547.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 920-926
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 117
    • 31544483948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane and climate during the Precambrian era
    • DOI 10.1016/j.precamres.2005.03.002, PII S030192680500032X, Stable Isotopes, Life and Early Earth History
    • Kasting, J. F. (2005), Methane and climate during the Precambrian era, Precambrian Res., 137, 119-129, doi:10.1016/j.precamres. 2005.03.002. (Pubitemid 43160267)
    • (2005) Precambrian Research , vol.137 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 119-129
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 118
    • 77950405760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Earth: Faint young sun redux
    • doi:10.1038/464687a
    • Kasting, J. F. (2010), Early Earth: Faint young Sun redux, Nature, 464, 687-689, doi:10.1038/464687a.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 687-689
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 119
    • 0022926884 scopus 로고
    • Climatic consequences of very high carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's early atmosphere
    • Kasting, J. F., and T. P. Ackerman (1986), Climatic consequences of very high carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's early atmosphere, Science, 234, 1383-1385, doi:10.1126/science.234.4782.1383. (Pubitemid 17263291)
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , Issue.4782 , pp. 1383-1385
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Ackerman, T.P.2
  • 120
    • 0242425707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a Habitable Planet
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601.170049
    • Kasting, J. F., and D. Catling (2003), Evolution of a habitable planet, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 41, 429-463, doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601. 170049. (Pubitemid 37417480)
    • (2003) Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol.41 , pp. 429-463
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Catling, D.2
  • 121
    • 0026304055 scopus 로고
    • The faint young Sun problem
    • edited by C. P. Sonett M. S. Giampapa, and M. S. Matthews Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Kasting, J. F., and D. H. Grinspoon (1991), The faint young Sun problem, in The Sun in Time, edited by C. P. Sonett, M. S. Giampapa, and M. S. Matthews, pp. 447-462, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson.
    • (1991) The Sun in Time , pp. 447-462
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Grinspoon, D.H.2
  • 122
    • 33750087586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric composition and climate on the early Earth
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1902
    • Kasting, J. F., and M. T. Howard (2006), Atmospheric composition and climate on the early Earth, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B, 361(1474), 1733-1742, doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1902.
    • (2006) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.361 , Issue.1474 , pp. 1733-1742
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Howard, M.T.2
  • 124
    • 0006514375 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen levels in the prebiological atmosphere
    • doi:10.1029/JC084iC06p03097
    • Kasting, J. F., S. C. Liu, and T. M. Donahue (1979), Oxygen levels in the prebiological atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3097-3107, doi:10.1029/ JC084iC06p03097.
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 3097-3107
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Liu, S.C.2    Donahue, T.M.3
  • 125
    • 0020974771 scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry of methane in the Earth's early atmosphere
    • Kasting, J. F., K. J. Zahnle, and J. C. G. Walker (1983), Photochemistry of methane in the Earth's early atmosphere, Precam-brian Res., 20, 121-148.
    • (1983) Precam-brian Res. , vol.20 , pp. 121-148
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Zahnle, K.J.2    Walker, J.C.G.3
  • 126
    • 0021753110 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high CO2 levels on surface temperature and atmospheric oxidation state of the early Earth
    • doi:10.1007/BF00053803
    • Kasting, J. F., J. B. Pollack, and D. Crisp (1984), Effects of high CO2 levels on surface temperature and atmospheric oxidation state of the early Earth, J. Atmos. Chem., 1, 403-428, doi:10.1007/BF00053803.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.1 , pp. 403-428
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Pollack, J.B.2    Crisp, D.3
  • 127
    • 0034983530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled ecosystem-climate model for predicting the methane concentration in the archean atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1010600401718
    • Kasting, J. F., A. A. Pavlov, and J. L. Siefert (2001), A coupled ecosystem-climate model for predicting the methane concentration in the Archean Atmosphere, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere, 31, 271-285, doi:10.1023/A: 1010600401718. (Pubitemid 32515943)
    • (2001) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-285
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Pavlov, A.A.2    Siefert, J.L.3
  • 128
    • 33751253753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater
    • DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.029, PII S0012821X06006832
    • Kasting, J. F., M. T. Howard, K. Wallmann, J. Veizer, G. Shields, and J. Jaffrés (2006), Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 252, 82-93, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.029. (Pubitemid 44780563)
    • (2006) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.252 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 82-93
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Howard, M.T.2    Wallmann, K.3    Veizer, J.4    Shields, G.5    Jaffres, J.6
  • 129
    • 0141605050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High CO2 levels in the Proterozoic atmosphere estimated from analyses of individual microfossils
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01902
    • Kaufman, A. J., and S. Xiao (2003), High CO2 levels in the Prote-rozoic atmosphere estimated from analyses of individual micro-fossils, Nature, 425, 279-282, doi:10.1038/nature01902. (Pubitemid 37158400)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6955 , pp. 279-282
    • Kaufman, A.J.1    Xiao, S.2
  • 130
    • 0035902044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metamorphic devolatilization of subducted marine sediments and the transport of volatiles into the Earth's mantle
    • DOI 10.1038/35077056
    • Kerrick, D. M., and J. A. D. Connolly (2001), Metamorphic devo-latilization of subducted marine sediments and the transport of volatiles into the Earth's mantle, Nature, 411, 293-296, doi:10.1038/35077056. (Pubitemid 32467031)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , Issue.6835 , pp. 293-296
    • Kerrick, D.M.1    Connelly, J.A.D.2
  • 131
    • 31844452845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled atmosphere-ecosystem model of the early Archean earth
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00049.x
    • Kharecha, P., J. Kasting, and J. Sieffert (2005), A coupled atmosphere-ecosystem model of the early Archean Earth, Geobiology, 3(2), 53-76, doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00049.x. (Pubitemid 43934443)
    • (2005) Geobiology , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 53-76
    • Kharecha, P.1    Kasting, J.2    Siefert, J.3
  • 132
    • 0023104001 scopus 로고
    • A study of the radiative effects of enhanced atmospheric CO2 and CH4 on early Earth surface temperatures
    • doi:10.1029/JD092iD03p02991
    • Kiehl, J. T., and R. E. Dickinson (1987), A study of the radiative effects of enhanced atmospheric CO2 and CH4 on early Earth surface temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2991-2998, doi:10.1029/JD092iD03p02991.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 2991-2998
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Dickinson, R.E.2
  • 134
    • 0002929079 scopus 로고
    • Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaci-ation: The snowballl Earth
    • edited by J. W. Schopf and C. Klein Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K
    • Kirschvink, J. L. (1992), Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaci-ation: The snowballl Earth, in The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study, edited by J. W. Schopf and C. Klein, pp. 51-52, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
    • (1992) The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study , pp. 51-52
    • Kirschvink, J.L.1
  • 136
    • 15744372311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and salinity history of the Precambrian ocean: Implications for the course of microbial evolution
    • DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.10.014, Geology: Objectives, Concept, Perspectives
    • Knauth, L. P. (2005), Temperature and salinity history of the Pre-cambrian ocean: implications for the course of microbial evolution, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 219, 53-69, doi:10.1016/0031-0182(82) 90082-7. (Pubitemid 40406308)
    • (2005) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.219 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 53-69
    • Knauth, L.P.1
  • 137
    • 0000202022 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in nodular and bedded cherts
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(76)90051-X
    • Knauth, L. P., and S. Epstein (1976), Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in nodular and bedded cherts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40, 1095-1108, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(76)90051-X.
    • (1976) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.40 , pp. 1095-1108
    • Knauth, L.P.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 138
    • 0038322915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Archean climatic temperature inferred from oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts in the 3.5 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa
    • DOI 10.1130/0016-7606(2 003)115<0566:HAC TIF>2.0.CO;2
    • Knauth, L. P., and D. R. Lowe (2003), High Archean climatic temperature inferred from oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts in the 3.5 Ga Swaziland Supergroup, South Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115(5), 566-580, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2003)1152.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36650380)
    • (2003) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 566-580
    • Knauth, L.P.1    Lowe, D.R.2
  • 139
    • 78751548172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL045777
    • Kopp, G., and J. L. Lean (2011), A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01706, doi:10.1029/2010GL045777.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Kopp, G.1    Lean, J.L.2
  • 142
    • 1842854588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of methane in comet impacts: Implications for Earth, Mars, and Titan
    • DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.013
    • Kress, M. E., and C. P. McKay (2004), Formation of methane in comet impacts: Implications for Earth, Mars, and Titan, Icarus, 168, 475-483, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.013. (Pubitemid 38491750)
    • (2004) Icarus , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 475-483
    • Kress, M.E.1    McKay, C.P.2
  • 143
    • 0036233090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cataclysmic bombardment throughout the inner solar system 3.9-4.0 Ga
    • doi:10.1029/2001JE001529
    • Kring, D. A., and B. A. Cohen (2002), Cataclysmic bombardment throughout the inner solar system 3.9-4.0 Ga, J. Geophys. Res., 107(E2), 5009, doi:10.1029/2001JE001529.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.E2 , pp. 5009
    • Kring, D.A.1    Cohen, B.A.2
  • 144
    • 67349282591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays, cloud condensation nuclei and clouds-A reassessment using modis data
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-7373-2008
    • Kristjánsson, J. E., C. W. Stjern, F. Stordal, A. M. Fjœraa, G. Myhre, and K. Jónasson (2008), Cosmic rays, cloud condensation nuclei and clouds-A reassessment using modis data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8(24), 7373-7387, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7373-2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , Issue.24 , pp. 7373-7387
    • Kristjánsson, J.E.1    Stjern, C.W.2    Stordal, F.3    Fjœraa, A.M.4    Myhre, G.5    Jónasson, K.6
  • 145
    • 0022227833 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the archean continental crust
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.000405
    • Kröner, A. (1985), Evolution of the archean continental crust, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 13(1), 49-74, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.000405.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-74
    • Kröner, A.1
  • 146
    • 34247252748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • DOI 10.1029/2004RG000166
    • Kuhlbrodt, T., A. Griesel, M. Montoya, A. Levermann, M. Hofmann, and S. Rahmstorf (2007), On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2004RG000166. (Pubitemid 47333621)
    • (2007) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.45 , Issue.2
    • Kuhlbrodt, T.1    Griesel, A.2    Montoya, M.3    Levermann, A.4    Hofmann, M.5    Rahmstorf, S.6
  • 147
    • 0000998171 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia photolysis and the greenhouse effect in the primordial atmosphere of the Earth
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90126-X
    • Kuhn, W. R., and S. K. Atreya (1979), Ammonia photolysis and the greenhouse effect in the primordial atmosphere of the Earth, Icarus, 37, 207-213, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90126-X.
    • (1979) Icarus , vol.37 , pp. 207-213
    • Kuhn, W.R.1    Atreya, S.K.2
  • 148
    • 0020698358 scopus 로고
    • Effects of increased CO2 concentrations on surface temperature of the early Earth
    • DOI 10.1038/301053a0
    • Kuhn, W. R., and J. F. Kasting (1983), Effects of increased CO2 concentrations on surface temperature of the early Earth, Nature, 301, 53-55, doi:10.1038/301053a0. (Pubitemid 13154460)
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , Issue.5895 , pp. 53-55
    • Kuhn, W.R.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 149
    • 0024807366 scopus 로고
    • The effect on Earth's surface temperature from variations in rotation rate, continent formation, solar luminosity, and carbon dioxide
    • doi:10.1029/JD094iD08p11129
    • Kuhn, W. R., J. C. G. Walker, and H. G. Marshall (1989), The effect on Earth's surface temperature from variations in rotation rate, continent formation, solar luminosity, and carbon dioxide, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,129-11,136, doi:10.1029/JD094iD08p11129.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 11129-11136
    • Kuhn, W.R.1    Walker, J.C.G.2    Marshall, H.G.3
  • 150
    • 0027455839 scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of the Earth's obliquity by the Moon
    • DOI 10.1038/361615a0
    • Laskar, J., F. Joutel, and P. Robutel (1993), Stabilization of the Earth's obliquity by the Moon, Nature, 361, 615-617, doi:10.1038/361615a0. (Pubitemid 23389481)
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , Issue.6413 , pp. 615-617
    • Laskar, J.1    Joutel, F.2    Robutel, P.3
  • 151
    • 0000954508 scopus 로고
    • Solar ultraviolet irradiance variations-A review
    • doi:10.1029/JD092iD01p00839
    • Lean, J. (1987), Solar ultraviolet irradiance variations-A review, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 839-868, doi:10.1029/JD092iD01p00839.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 839-868
    • Lean, J.1
  • 152
    • 0242510575 scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of tropospheric ammonia
    • doi:10.1029/GL007i005p00317
    • Levine, J. S., J. M. Hoell, and T. R. Augustsson (1980), The vertical distribution of tropospheric ammonia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 317-320, doi:10.1029/GL007i005p00317.
    • (1980) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 317-320
    • Levine, J.S.1    Hoell, J.M.2    Augustsson, T.R.3
  • 153
    • 0036465051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Iris hypothesis: A negative or positive cloud feedback?
    • Lin, B., B. A. Wielicki, L. H. Chambers, Y. Hu, and K.-M. Xu (2002), The iris hypothesis: A negative or positive cloud feedback?, J. Clim., 15, 3-7, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002) 0152.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34554033)
    • (2002) Journal of Climate , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-7
    • Lin, B.1    Wielicki, B.A.2    Chambers, L.H.3    Hu, Y.4    Xu, K.-M.5
  • 154
    • 0001421370 scopus 로고
    • Some realistic modifications of simple climate models
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1977)0342.0.CO;2
    • Lindzen, R. S., and B. Farrell (1977), Some realistic modifications of simple climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1487-1501, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1977)0342.0.CO;2.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1487-1501
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Farrell, B.2
  • 156
    • 81255129076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obliquity variations of a moonless Earth
    • doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.013
    • Lissauer, J. J., J. W. Barnes, and J. E. Chambers (2012), Obliquity variations of a moonless Earth, Icarus, 217, 77-87, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011. 10.013.
    • (2012) Icarus , vol.217 , pp. 77-87
    • Lissauer, J.J.1    Barnes, J.W.2    Chambers, J.E.3
  • 158
    • 0031060870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The faint young sun climatic paradox: Influence of the continental configuration and of the seasonal cycle on the climatic stability
    • DOI 10.1016/S0921-8181(96)00006-9, PII S0921818196000069
    • Longdoz, B., and L. M. François (1997), The faint young Sun climatic paradox: Influence of the continental configuration and of the seasonal cycle on the climatic stability, Global Planet. Change, 14, 97-112, doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(96)00006-9. (Pubitemid 27284570)
    • (1997) Global and Planetary Change , vol.14 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 97-112
    • Longdoz, B.1    Francois, L.M.2
  • 159
    • 0019208439 scopus 로고
    • Archean sedimentation
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180. 001045
    • Lowe, D. R. (1980), Archean sedimentation, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 8, 145-167, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180. 001045.
    • (1980) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 145-167
    • Lowe, D.R.1
  • 160
    • 0242581651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ironstone pods in the Archean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa: Earth's oldest seafloor hydrothermal vents reinterpreted as Quaternary subaerial springs
    • DOI 10.1130/G19664.1
    • Lowe, D. R., and G. R. Byerly (2003), Ironstone pods in the Archean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa: Earth's oldest seafloor hydrothermal vents reinterpreted as Quaternary subaerial springs, Geology, 31, 909-912, doi:10.1130/G19664.1. (Pubitemid 37388378)
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 909-912
    • Lowe, D.R.1    Byerly, G.R.2
  • 161
    • 0023823528 scopus 로고
    • Long-term climate change and the geochemical cycle of carbon
    • doi:10.1029/JD093iD01p00791
    • Marshall, H. G., J. C. G. Walker, and W. R. Kuhn (1988), Long-term climate change and the geochemical cycle of carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 791-801, doi:10.1029/JD093iD01p00791.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 791-801
    • Marshall, H.G.1    Walker, J.C.G.2    Kuhn, W.R.3
  • 162
    • 38349153916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean climate and variability of the atmosphere and ocean on an aquaplanet
    • doi:10.1175/2007JAS2226.1
    • Marshall, J., D. Ferreira, J.-M. Campin, and D. Enderton (2007), Mean climate and variability of the atmosphere and ocean on an aquaplanet, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4270-4286, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2226.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 4270-4286
    • Marshall, J.1    Ferreira, D.2    Campin, J.-M.3    Enderton, D.4
  • 163
    • 54149086091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life
    • doi:10.1038/nrmicro1991
    • Martin, W., J. Baross, D. Kelley, and M. J. Russell (2008), Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 805-814, doi:10.1038/nrmicro1991.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 805-814
    • Martin, W.1    Baross, J.2    Kelley, D.3    Russell, M.J.4
  • 164
    • 0034352774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thickness of tropical ice and photosynthesis on a snowball Earth
    • DOI 10.1029/2000GL008525
    • McKay C. P. (2000), Thickness of tropical ice and photosynthesis on a snowball Earth, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 2153-2156, doi:10.1029/2000GL008525. (Pubitemid 32040405)
    • (2000) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.27 , Issue.14 , pp. 2153-2156
    • McKay, C.P.1
  • 165
    • 0026358766 scopus 로고
    • The greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects on Titan
    • McKay C. P., J. B. Pollack, and R. Courtin (1991), The greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects on Titan, Science 253, 1118-1121, doi:10.1126/science. 253.5024.1118. (Pubitemid 21917256)
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , Issue.5024 , pp. 1118-1121
    • McKay, C.P.1    Pollack, J.B.2    Courtin, R.3
  • 166
    • 0001837475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic solutions for the antigreenhouse effect: Titan and the early Earth
    • doi:10.1006/icar.1998.6039
    • McKay C. P., R. D. Lorenz, and J. I. Lunine, (1999), Analytic solutions for the antigreenhouse effect: Titan and the early Earth, Icarus, 137, 56-61, doi:10.1006/icar.1998.6039.
    • (1999) Icarus , vol.137 , pp. 56-61
    • McKay, C.P.1    Lorenz, R.D.2    Lunine, J.I.3
  • 168
    • 37049243502 scopus 로고
    • A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions
    • doi:10.1126/science.117.3046.528
    • Miller, S. L. (1953), A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions, Science, 117, 528-529, doi:10.1126/science.117.3046. 528.
    • (1953) Science , vol.117 , pp. 528-529
    • Miller, S.L.1
  • 169
    • 33748637711 scopus 로고
    • Organic compound synthesis on the primitive Earth
    • doi:10.1126/science.130.3370.245
    • Miller, S. L., and H. C. Urey (1959), Organic compound synthesis on the primitive Earth, Science, 130, 245-251, doi:10.1126/science.130.3370.245.
    • (1959) Science , vol.130 , pp. 245-251
    • Miller, S.L.1    Urey, H.C.2
  • 170
    • 0346398974 scopus 로고
    • LXXIV. Radiative equilibrium: The insolation of an atmosphere
    • doi:10.1080/14786441208562561
    • Milne, E. A. (1922), LXXIV. Radiative equilibrium: The insolation of an atmosphere, Philos. Mag., Ser. 6, 44, 872-896, doi:10.1080/14786441208562561.
    • (1922) Philos. Mag., Ser. , vol.6 , Issue.44 , pp. 872-896
    • Milne, E.A.1
  • 171
    • 34249879587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the massive young Sun hypothesis to solve the warm young Earth puzzle
    • doi:10.1086/514331
    • Minton, D. A., and R. Malhotra (2007), Assessing the massive young Sun hypothesis to solve the warm young Earth puzzle, Astrophys. J., 660, 1700-1706, doi:10.1086/514331.
    • (2007) Astrophys. J. , vol.660 , pp. 1700-1706
    • Minton, D.A.1    Malhotra, R.2
  • 172
    • 0034200546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of carbon dioxide clouds on early Martian climate
    • doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6380
    • Mischna, M. A., J. F. Kasting, A. Pavlov, and R. Freedman (2000), Influence of carbon dioxide clouds on early Martian climate, Icarus, 145, 546-554, doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6380.
    • (2000) Icarus , vol.145 , pp. 546-554
    • Mischna, M.A.1    Kasting, J.F.2    Pavlov, A.3    Freedman, R.4
  • 173
    • 0024800603 scopus 로고
    • The "greenhouse" effect and climate change
    • doi:10.1029/RG027i001p00115
    • Mitchell, J. F. B. (1989), The "greenhouse" effect and climate change, Rev. Geophys., 27, 115-139, doi:10.1029/RG027i001p00115.
    • (1989) Rev. Geophys. , vol.27 , pp. 115-139
    • Mitchell, J.F.B.1
  • 174
    • 33845644708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrino mass and new physics
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140534
    • Mohapatra, R. N., and A. Y. Smirnov (2006), Neutrino mass and new physics, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 56, 569-628, doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.56. 080805.140534. (Pubitemid 44952195)
    • (2006) Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science , vol.56 , pp. 569-628
    • Mohapatra, R.N.1    Smirnov, A.Y.2
  • 175
    • 0035843177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth's surface 4,300 Myr ago
    • DOI 10.1038/35051557
    • Mojzsis, S. J., T. M. Harrison, and R. T. Pidgeon (2001), Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth's surface 4,300 Myr ago, Nature, 409, 178-181, doi:10.1038/35051557. (Pubitemid 32144280)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , Issue.6817 , pp. 178-181
    • Mojzsis, S.J.1    Harrison, T.M.2    Pidgeon, R.T.3
  • 176
    • 0028811756 scopus 로고
    • The "faint young Sun paradox": Further exploration of the role of dynamical heat-flux feed backs in maintaining global climate stability
    • Molnar, G. I., and W. J. Gutowski Jr. (1995), The "faint young Sun paradox": Further exploration of the role of dynamical heat-flux feed backs in maintaining global climate stability, J. Glaciol, 41, 87-90.
    • (1995) J. Glaciol , vol.41 , pp. 87-90
    • Molnar, G.I.1    Gutowski Jr., W.J.2
  • 177
    • 0000353163 scopus 로고
    • Once again-Tidal friction
    • Munk, W. (1968), Once again-Tidal friction, Q. J. R. Astron. Soc, 9,
    • (1968) Q. J. R. Astron. Soc , vol.9 , pp. 352-375
    • Munk, W.1
  • 178
    • 33947517297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tides and the climate: Some speculations
    • DOI 10.1175/JPO3002.1
    • Munk, W., and B. Bills (2007), Tides and the climate: Some speculations, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 37, 135-147, doi:10.1175/JPO3002.1. (Pubitemid 46464165)
    • (2007) Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-147
    • Munk, W.1    Bills, B.2
  • 179
    • 0032420562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abyssal recipes II: Energetics of tidal and wind mixing
    • DOI 10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00070-3, PII S0967063798000703
    • Munk, W., and C. Wunsch (1998), Abyssal recipes II: Energetics of tidal and wind mixing, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 1977-2010, doi:10.1016/S0967- 0637(98)00070-3. (Pubitemid 29000554)
    • (1998) Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 1977-2010
    • Munk, W.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 180
    • 0036690907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical general circulation experiments of sensitivity to Earth rotation rate
    • DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0238-8
    • Navarra, A., and G. Boccaletti (2002), Numerical general circulation experiments of sensitivity to Earth rotation rate, Clim. Dyn., 19, 467-483, doi:10.1007/s00382-002-0238-8. (Pubitemid 34986930)
    • (2002) Climate Dynamics , vol.19 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 467-483
    • Navarra, A.1    Boccaletti, G.2
  • 181
    • 0000115160 scopus 로고
    • Implications of solar evolution for the Earth's early atmosphere
    • doi:10.1126/science.198.4321.1035
    • Newman, M. J., and R. T. Rood (1977), Implications of solar evolution for the Earth's early atmosphere, Science, 198, 1035-1037, doi:10.1126/science.198. 4321.1035.
    • (1977) Science , vol.198 , pp. 1035-1037
    • Newman, M.J.1    Rood, R.T.2
  • 182
    • 79551588789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the atmosphere in the archaean and early Proterozoic
    • doi:10.1007/s11434-010-4199-8
    • Nisbet, E., and C. Fowler (2011), The evolution of the atmosphere in the archaean and early Proterozoic, Chin. Sci. Bull, 56, 4-13, doi:10.1007/s11434- 010-4199-8.
    • (2011) Chin. Sci. Bull , vol.56 , pp. 4-13
    • Nisbet, E.1    Fowler, C.2
  • 183
    • 0035931935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The habitat and nature of early life
    • DOI 10.1038/35059210
    • Nisbet, E. G., and N. H. Sleep (2001), The habitat and nature of early life, Nature, 409, 1083-1091, doi:10.1038/35059210. (Pubitemid 32206166)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , Issue.6823 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Nisbet, E.G.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 184
    • 2642564509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from massive siderite beds for a CO2-rich atmosphere before ∼1.8 billion years ago
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02573
    • Ohmoto, H., Y. Watanabe, and K. Kumazawa (2004), Evidence from massive siderite beds for a CO2-rich atmosphere before 1.8 billion years ago, Nature, 429, 395-399, doi:10.1038/nature02573. (Pubitemid 38715127)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , Issue.6990 , pp. 395-399
    • Ohmoto, H.1    Watanabe, Y.2    Kumazawa, K.3
  • 185
    • 0032422883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of life - A review of facts and speculations
    • DOI 10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01300-0, PII S0968000498013000
    • Orgel, L. E. (1998), The origin of life-A review of facts and speculations, Trends Biochem. Sci, 23(12), 491-495, doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(98) 01300-0. (Pubitemid 29002915)
    • (1998) Trends in Biochemical Sciences , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 491-495
    • Orgel, L.E.1
  • 186
    • 36849164824 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced CO2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early Earth
    • doi:10.1038/277640a0
    • Owen, T., R. D. Cess, and V. Ramanathan (1979), Enhanced CO2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early Earth, Nature, 277, 640-642, doi:10.1038/277640a0.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.277 , pp. 640-642
    • Owen, T.1    Cess, R.D.2    Ramanathan, V.3
  • 188
    • 28544441196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planet formation and migration
    • DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/69/1/R03, PII S0034488506791382
    • Papaloizou, J. C. B., and C. Terquem (2006), Planet formation and migration, Rep. Prog. Phys., 69, 119-180, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/1/R03. (Pubitemid 41742247)
    • (2006) Reports on Progress in Physics , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-180
    • Papaloizou, J.C.B.1    Terquem, C.2
  • 189
    • 0036490498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archean sediments: Strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere
    • doi:10.1089/153110702753621321
    • Pavlov, A. A., and J. F. Kasting (2002), Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archean sediments: Strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere, Astrobiology, 2, 27-41, doi:10.1089/153110702753621321.
    • (2002) Astrobiology , vol.2 , pp. 27-41
    • Pavlov, A.A.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 190
    • 0034713077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse warming by CH4 in the atmosphere of early Earth
    • doi:10.1029/1999JE001134
    • Pavlov, A. A., J. F. Kasting, L. L. Brown, K. A. Rages, and R. Freedman (2000), Greenhouse warming by CH4 in the atmosphere of early Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,981-11,990, doi:10.1029/1999JE001134.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 11981-11990
    • Pavlov, A.A.1    Kasting, J.F.2    Brown, L.L.3    Rages, K.A.4    Freedman, R.5
  • 191
    • 0035206371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV shielding of NH3 and O2 by organic hazes in the Archean atmosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2000JE001448
    • Pavlov, A. A., L. L. Brown, and J. F. Kasting (2001), UV shielding of NH3 and O2 by organic hazes in the Archean atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106,23,267-23,287, doi:10.1029/2000JE001448.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 23267-23287
    • Pavlov, A.A.1    Brown, L.L.2    Kasting, J.F.3
  • 192
    • 0000032194 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical production of formaldehyde in Earth's primitive atmosphere
    • doi:10.1126/science.210.4466. 183
    • Pinto, J. P., G. R. Gladstone, and Y. L. Yung (1980), Photochemical production of formaldehyde in Earth's primitive atmosphere, Science, 210, 183-185, doi:10.1126/science.210.4466. 183.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 183-185
    • Pinto, J.P.1    Gladstone, G.R.2    Yung, Y.L.3
  • 193
    • 0027883230 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set
    • DOI 10.1029/93RG01249
    • Pollack, H. N., S. J. Hurter, and J. R. Johnson (1993), Heat flow from the Earth's interior-Analysis of the global data set, Rev. Geophys., 31, 267-280, doi:10.1029/93RG01249. (Pubitemid 24420748)
    • (1993) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-280
    • Pollack, H.N.1    Hurter, S.J.2    Johnson, J.R.3
  • 194
    • 0001178361 scopus 로고
    • A nongrey calculation of the runaway greenhouse: Implications for Venus' past and present
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(71)90001-7
    • Pollack, J. B. (1971), A nongrey calculation of the runaway greenhouse: Implications for Venus' past and present, Icarus, 14, 295, doi:10.1016/0019- 1035(71)90001-7.
    • (1971) Icarus , vol.14 , pp. 295
    • Pollack, J.B.1
  • 195
    • 0001370056 scopus 로고
    • Climatic change on the terrestrial planets
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90012-5
    • Pollack, J. B. (1979), Climatic change on the terrestrial planets, Icarus, 37, 479-553, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90012-5.
    • (1979) Icarus , vol.37 , pp. 479-553
    • Pollack, J.B.1
  • 196
    • 1942422851 scopus 로고
    • Kuiper Prize Lecture: Present and past climates of the terrestrial planets
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90017-N
    • Pollack, J. B. (1991), Kuiper Prize Lecture: Present and past climates of the terrestrial planets, Icarus, 91, 173-198, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90017-N.
    • (1991) Icarus , vol.91 , pp. 173-198
    • Pollack, J.B.1
  • 197
    • 24944549921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JC002525, C07010
    • Pollard, D., and J. F. Kasting (2005), Snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C07010, doi:10.1029/2004JC002525. (Pubitemid 41320257)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.110 , Issue.7 , pp. 1-16
    • Pollard, D.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 198
    • 34548525641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to comment by Stephen G. Warren and Richard E. Brandt on "Snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers"
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JC003488
    • Pollard, D., and J. F. Kasting (2006), Reply to comment by Stephen G. Warren and Richard E. Brandt on "snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers", J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09017, doi:10.1029/ 2006JC003488. (Pubitemid 47381787)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.111 , Issue.9
    • Pollard, D.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 199
    • 0035870484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of ocean dynamics on the simulation of the neoprotozoic "snowball earth"
    • DOI 10.1029/2000GL012058
    • Poulsen, C. J., R. T. Pierrehumbert, and R. L. Jacob (2001), Impact of ocean dynamics on the simulation of the Neoproterozoic "snowball Earth", Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1575-1578, doi:10.1029/2000GL012058. (Pubitemid 32575984)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 1575-1578
    • Poulsen, C.J.1    Pierrehumbert, R.T.2    Jacob, R.L.3
  • 200
    • 0000167753 scopus 로고
    • Titan aerosols-Optical properties and vertical distribution
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90164-5
    • Rages, K., and J. B. Pollack (1980), Titan aerosols-Optical properties and vertical distribution, Icarus, 41, 119-130, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90164- 5.
    • (1980) Icarus , vol.41 , pp. 119-130
    • Rages, K.1    Pollack, J.B.2
  • 201
    • 0001840677 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(83)90049-0
    • Rages, K., and J. B. Pollack (1983), Vertical distribution of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere, Icarus, 55, 50-62, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(83) 90049-0.
    • (1983) Icarus , vol.55 , pp. 50-62
    • Rages, K.1    Pollack, J.B.2
  • 202
    • 0011475970 scopus 로고
    • The goldilocks problem: Climatic evolution and long-term habitability of terrestrial planets
    • Rampino, M. R., and K. Caldeira (1994), The Goldilocks Problem: Climatic evolution and long-term habitability of terrestrial planets, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 32, 83-114, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.32.090194.000503. (Pubitemid 124000003)
    • (1994) Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-114
    • Rampino, M.R.1    Caldeira, K.2
  • 203
    • 0001118980 scopus 로고
    • The runaway greenhouse and the accumulation of CO2 in the Venus atmosphere
    • doi:10.1038/2261037a0
    • Rasool, S. I., and C. de Bergh (1970), The runaway greenhouse and the accumulation of CO2 in the Venus atmosphere, Nature, 226, 1037-1039, doi:10.1038/2261037a0.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 1037-1039
    • Rasool, S.I.1    De Bergh, C.2
  • 204
    • 0000598784 scopus 로고
    • Changes in solar luminosity and some possible terrestrial consequences
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(61)80064-1
    • Ringwood, A. E. (1961), Changes in solar luminosity and some possible terrestrial consequences, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 21, 295-296, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(61)80064-1.
    • (1961) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.21 , pp. 295-296
    • Ringwood, A.E.1
  • 205
    • 79959331638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse warming by nitrous oxide and methane in the Prote-rozoic Eon
    • doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00286.x
    • Roberson, A. L., J. Roadt, I. Halevy, and J. F. Kasting (2011), Greenhouse warming by nitrous oxide and methane in the Prote-rozoic Eon, Geobiology, 9(4), 313-320, doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00286.x.
    • (2011) Geobiology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-320
    • Roberson, A.L.1    Roadt, J.2    Halevy, I.3    Kasting, J.F.4
  • 206
    • 33750466236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts
    • DOI 10.1038/nature05239, PII NATURE05239
    • Robert, F., and M. Chaussidon (2006), A palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts, Nature, 443, 969-972, doi:10.1038/nature05239. (Pubitemid 44646170)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , Issue.7114 , pp. 969-972
    • Robert, F.1    Chaussidon, M.2
  • 207
    • 84887828673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can thin cirrus clouds in the tropics provide a solution to the faint young Sun paradox?
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012050
    • Rondanelli, R., and R. S. Lindzen (2010), Can thin cirrus clouds in the tropics provide a solution to the faint young Sun paradox?, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D02108, doi:10.1029/2009JD012050.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Rondanelli, R.1    Lindzen, R.S.2
  • 208
    • 77950441805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No climate paradox under the faint early Sun
    • doi:10.1038/nature08955
    • Rosing, M. T., D. K. Bird, N. H. Sleep, and C. J. Bjerrum (2010), No climate paradox under the faint early Sun, Nature, 464, 744-747, doi:10.1038/nature08955.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 744-747
    • Rosing, M.T.1    Bird, D.K.2    Sleep, N.H.3    Bjerrum, C.J.4
  • 209
    • 0020367944 scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedback: A stabilizing effect for the early earth?
    • Rossow, W. B., A. Henderson-Sellers, and S. K. Weinreich (1982), Cloud feedback: A stabilizing effect for the early Earth?, Science, 217, 1245-1247, doi:10.1126/science.217.4566.1245. (Pubitemid 13261610)
    • (1982) Science , vol.217 , Issue.4566 , pp. 1245-1247
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Henderson-Sellers, A.2    Weinreich, S.K.3
  • 210
    • 0029414402 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago
    • DOI 10.1038/378603a0
    • Rye, R., P. H. Kuo, and H. D. Holland (1995), Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago, Nature, 378, 603-605, doi:10.1038/378603a0. (Pubitemid 26460169)
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , Issue.6557 , pp. 603-605
    • Rye, R.1    Kuo, P.H.2    Holland, H.D.3
  • 211
    • 0042676846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our Sun. V. A bright young Sun consistent with helioseismology and warm temperatures on ancient Earth and Mars
    • DOI 10.1086/345408
    • Sackmann, I., and A. I. Boothroyd (2003), Our Sun. V. A bright young Sun consistent with helioseismology and warm temperatures on ancient Earth and Mars, Astrophys. J., 583, 1024-1039, doi:10.1086/345408. (Pubitemid 37394592)
    • (2003) Astrophysical Journal , vol.583 , Issue.2 , pp. 1024-1039
    • Sackmann, I.-J.1    Boothroyd, A.I.2
  • 212
    • 0040378815 scopus 로고
    • Reducing greenhouses and the temperature history of Earth and Mars
    • doi:10.1038/269224a0
    • Sagan, C. (1977), Reducing greenhouses and the temperature history of Earth and Mars, Nature, 269, 224-226, doi:10.1038/269224a0.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.269 , pp. 224-226
    • Sagan, C.1
  • 213
    • 0031001793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early faint sun paradox: Organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases
    • DOI 10.1126/science.276.5316.1217
    • Sagan, C., and C. Chyba (1997), The early faint Sun paradox: Organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases, Science, 276, 1217-1221, doi:10.1126/science.276.5316.1217. (Pubitemid 27227352)
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , Issue.5316 , pp. 1217-1221
    • Sagan, C.1    Chyba, C.2
  • 214
    • 0001788333 scopus 로고
    • Earth and Mars: Evolution of atmospheres and surface temperatures
    • doi:10.1126/science.177.4043.52
    • Sagan, C., and G. Mullen (1972), Earth and Mars: Evolution of atmospheres and surface temperatures, Science, 177, 52-56, doi:10.1126/science.177.4043.52.
    • (1972) Science , vol.177 , pp. 52-56
    • Sagan, C.1    Mullen, G.2
  • 215
    • 0020432381 scopus 로고
    • The faint young Sun-climate paradox-Volcanic influences
    • doi:10.1029/GL009i012p01309
    • Schatten, K. H., and A. S. Endal (1982), The faint young Sun-climate paradox-Volcanic influences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1309-1311, doi:10.1029/GL009i012p01309.
    • (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 1309-1311
    • Schatten, K.H.1    Endal, A.S.2
  • 216
    • 0001571266 scopus 로고
    • Cloudiness as a global climatic feedback mechanism: The effects on the radiation balance and surface temperature of variations in cloudiness
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0. CO;2
    • Schneider, S. H. (1972), Cloudiness as a global climatic feedback mechanism: The effects on the radiation balance and surface temperature of variations in cloudiness, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1413-1422, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1972)0292.0. CO;2.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1413-1422
    • Schneider, S.H.1
  • 219
    • 0014520439 scopus 로고
    • A global climatic model based on the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008
    • Sellers, W. D. (1969), A global climatic model based on the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system, J. Appl. Meteorol., 8, 392-400, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008.
    • (1969) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.8 , pp. 392-400
    • Sellers, W.D.1
  • 220
    • 67650873481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continuing puzzle of the great oxidation event
    • doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.054
    • Sessions, A. L., D. M. Doughty, P. V. Welander, R. E. Summons, and D. K. Newman (2009), The continuing puzzle of the great oxidation event, Curr. Biol., 19(14), R567-R574, doi:10.1016/j. cub.2009.05.054.
    • (2009) Curr. Biol. , vol.19 , Issue.14
    • Sessions, A.L.1    Doughty, D.M.2    Welander, P.V.3    Summons, R.E.4    Newman, D.K.5
  • 221
    • 31544451413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a solution to the early faint Sun paradox: A lower cosmic ray flux from a stronger solar wind
    • doi:10.1029/2003JA009997
    • Shaviv, N. J. (2003), Toward a solution to the early faint Sun paradox: A lower cosmic ray flux from a stronger solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A12), 1437, doi:10.1029/2003JA009997.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.A12 , pp. 1437
    • Shaviv, N.J.1
  • 222
    • 48049083323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earth's atmosphere-Hadean to early Proterozoic
    • doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2008.05.001
    • Shaw, G. (2008), Earth's atmosphere-Hadean to early Proterozoic, Chem. Erde, 68, 235-264, doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2008.05.001.
    • (2008) Chem. Erde , vol.68 , pp. 235-264
    • Shaw, G.1
  • 223
    • 33646239609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precambrian paleosols and atmospheric CO2 levels
    • doi:10.1016/j. precamres.2006.02.004
    • Sheldon, N. D. (2006), Precambrian paleosols and atmospheric CO2 levels, Precambrian Res., 147, 148-155, doi:10.1016/j. precamres.2006.02.004.
    • (2006) Precambrian Res. , vol.147 , pp. 148-155
    • Sheldon, N.D.1
  • 224
    • 0035052146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth
    • doi:10.1029/2000JE001247
    • Sleep, N. H., and K. Zahnle (2001), Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1373-1400, doi:10.1029/2000JE001247.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 1373-1400
    • Sleep, N.H.1    Zahnle, K.2
  • 225
    • 0024857198 scopus 로고
    • Annihilation of ecosystems by large asteroid impacts on the early Earth
    • DOI 10.1038/342139a0
    • Sleep, N. H., K. J. Zahnle, J. F. Kasting, and H. J. Morowitz (1989), Annihilation of ecosystems by large asteroid impacts on the early Earth, Nature, 342, 139-142, doi:10.1038/342139a0. (Pubitemid 20409866)
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , Issue.6246 , pp. 139-142
    • Sleep, N.H.1    Zahnle, K.J.2    Kasting, J.F.3    Morowitz, H.J.4
  • 226
    • 84859883908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air density 2.7 billion years ago limited to less than twice modern levels by fossil raindrop imprints
    • 10.1038/nature10890
    • Som, S. M., D. C. Catling, J. P. Harnmeijer, P. M. Polivka, and R. Buick (2012), Air density 2.7 billion years ago limited to less than twice modern levels by fossil raindrop imprints, Nature, 484, 359-362, 10.1038/nature10890.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.484 , pp. 359-362
    • Som, S.M.1    Catling, D.C.2    Harnmeijer, J.P.3    Polivka, P.M.4    Buick, R.5
  • 227
    • 14644413562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedbacks in the climate system: A critical review
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI-3243.1
    • Stephens, G. L. (2005), Cloud feedbacks in the climate system: A critical review, J. Clim., 18, 237-273, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3243.1. (Pubitemid 40323026)
    • (2005) Journal of Climate , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-273
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 228
    • 79551657473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the young Sun's solar wind and its interaction with Earth's paleomagnetosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2010JA016036
    • Sterenborg, M. G., O. Cohen, J. J. Drake, and T. I. Gombosi (2011), Modeling the young Sun's solar wind and its interaction with Earth's paleomagnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A01217, doi:10.1029/2010JA016036.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Sterenborg, M.G.1    Cohen, O.2    Drake, J.J.3    Gombosi, T.I.4
  • 229
    • 0037647479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subduction zones
    • doi:10.1029/2001RG000108
    • Stern, R. J. (2002), Subduction zones, Rev. Geophys., 40(4), 1012, doi:10.1029/2001RG000108.
    • (2002) Rev. Geophys. , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 1012
    • Stern, R.J.1
  • 230
    • 6144266836 scopus 로고
    • The greenhouse effect in a gray planetary atmosphere: An exact solution for the emergent radiation
    • doi:10.1086/151070
    • Stibbs, D. W. N. (1971), The greenhouse effect in a gray planetary atmosphere: An exact solution for the emergent radiation, Astro-phys. J., 168, 155, doi:10.1086/151070.
    • (1971) Astro-phys. J. , vol.168 , pp. 155
    • Stibbs, D.W.N.1
  • 231
    • 0001364467 scopus 로고
    • A simplified radiative-dynamical model for the static stability of rotating atmospheres
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0. CO;2
    • Stone, P. H. (1972), A simplified radiative-dynamical model for the static stability of rotating atmospheres, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 405-418, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0. CO;2.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 405-418
    • Stone, P.H.1
  • 232
    • 3342944299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias-corrected population, size distribution, and impact hazard for the near-Earth objects
    • DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.018, PII S0019103504001265
    • Stuart, J. S., and R. P. Binzel (2004), Bias-corrected population, size distribution, and impact hazard for the near-Earth objects, Icarus, 170, 295-311, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.018. (Pubitemid 38990011)
    • (2004) Icarus , vol.170 , Issue.2 , pp. 295-311
    • Stuart, J.S.1    Binzel, R.P.2
  • 233
    • 77749254753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geodynamo, solar wind, and magne-topause 3.4 to 3.45 billion years ago
    • doi:10.1126/science.1183445
    • Tarduno, J. A., et al. (2010), Geodynamo, solar wind, and magne-topause 3.4 to 3.45 billion years ago, Science, 327, 1238-1240, doi:10.1126/science. 1183445.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 1238-1240
    • Tarduno, J.A.1
  • 234
    • 84873201658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planetary crusts: Their composition
    • Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K
    • Taylor, S. R., and S. M. McLennan (2009), Planetary Crusts: Their Composition, Origin and Evolution, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
    • (2009) Origin and Evolution
    • Taylor, S.R.1    McLennan, S.M.2
  • 235
    • 0001834384 scopus 로고
    • Isoto-pic evidence for a terminal lunar cataclysm
    • doi:10.1016/0012-821X(74)90059-4
    • Tera, F., D. A. Papanastassiou, and G. J. Wasserburg (1974), Isoto-pic evidence for a terminal lunar cataclysm, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 22(1), 1-21, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(74)90059-4.
    • (1974) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-21
    • Tera, F.1    Papanastassiou, D.A.2    Wasserburg, G.J.3
  • 236
    • 0031685510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of methanogenesis: A tribute to Marjory Stephenson
    • doi:10.1099/00221287-144-9-2377
    • Thauer, R. K. (1998), Biochemistry of methanogenesis: A tribute to Marjory Stephenson, Microbiology, 144(9), 2377-2406, doi:10.1099/00221287-144-9- 2377.
    • (1998) Microbiology , vol.144 , Issue.9 , pp. 2377-2406
    • Thauer, R.K.1
  • 237
    • 18644381196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1106983
    • Tian, F., O. B. Toon, A. A. Pavlov, and H. De Sterck (2005), A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere, Science, 308, 1014-1017, doi:10.1126/science.1106983. (Pubitemid 40664410)
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , Issue.5724 , pp. 1014-1017
    • Tian, F.1    Toon, O.B.2    Pavlov, A.A.3    De Sterck, H.4
  • 238
    • 55949092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to comment on "a hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere"
    • doi:10.1126/science.1118412
    • Tian, F., O. B. Toon, and A. A. Pavlov (2006), Response to comment on "A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere", Science, 311, 38, doi:10.1126/science.1118412.
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 38
    • Tian, F.1    Toon, O.B.2    Pavlov, A.A.3
  • 239
    • 20844436747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faint young sun, planetary paleoclimates and varying fundamental constants
    • DOI 10.1007/s10773-005-1492-4
    • Tomaschitz, R. (2005), Faint young Sun, planetary paleoclimates and varying fundamental constants, Int. J. Theor. Phys., 44, 195-218, doi:10.1007/s10773-005-1492-4. (Pubitemid 40865434)
    • (2005) International Journal of Theoretical Physics , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-218
    • Tomaschitz, R.1
  • 242
    • 70349287645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geological sulfur isotopes indicate elevated OCS in the Archean atmosphere, solving faint young Sun paradox
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0903518106
    • Ueno, Y., M. S. Johnson, S. O. Danielache, C. Eskebjerg, A. Pandey, and N. Yoshida (2009), Geological sulfur isotopes indicate elevated OCS in the Archean atmosphere, solving faint young Sun paradox, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106, 14,784-14,789, doi:10.1073/pnas.0903518106.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.106 , pp. 14784-14789
    • Ueno, Y.1    Johnson, M.S.2    Danielache, S.O.3    Eskebjerg, C.4    Pandey, A.5    Yoshida, N.6
  • 243
    • 0005049022 scopus 로고
    • Solar neutrinos and variations in the solar luminosity
    • Ulrich, R. K. (1975), Solar neutrinos and variations in the solar luminosity, Science, 190, 619-624.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 619-624
    • Ulrich, R.K.1
  • 244
    • 84874951505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cool early Earth
    • Valley, J. W., W. H. Peck, E. M. King, and S. A. Wilde (2002), A cool early Earth, Geology, 30, 351-354, doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (2002)0302.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35003289)
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 351-354
    • Valley, J.W.1    Peck, W.H.2    King, E.M.3    Wilde, S.A.4
  • 245
    • 35448944262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual role of seawater and hydrothermal fluids in Early Archean chert formation: Evidence from silicon isotopes
    • DOI 10.1130/G24096A.1
    • van den Boorn, S. H. J. M., M. J. van Bergen, W. Nijman, and P. Z. Vroon (2007), Dual role of seawater and hydrothermal fluids in Early Archean chert formation: Evidence from silicon isotopes, Geology, 35, 939-942, doi:10.1130/2FG24096A.1. (Pubitemid 47617601)
    • (2007) Geology , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 939-942
    • Van Den Boorn, S.H.J.M.1    Van Bergen, M.J.2    Nijman, W.3    Vroon, P.Z.4
  • 247
    • 0005701766 scopus 로고
    • Implications for atmospheric evolution of the inhomogeneous accretion model of the origin of the Earth
    • edited by B. F. Windley John Wiley, Chichester, U. K
    • Walker, J. C. G. (1976), Implications for atmospheric evolution of the inhomogeneous accretion model of the origin of the Earth, in The Early History of the Earth, edited by B. F. Windley, pp. 537-546, John Wiley, Chichester, U. K.
    • (1976) The Early History of the Earth , pp. 537-546
    • Walker, J.C.G.1
  • 249
    • 0020363557 scopus 로고
    • Climatic factors on the Archean Earth
    • doi:10.1016/0031-0182(82)90082-7
    • Walker, J. C. G. (1982), Climatic factors on the Archean Earth, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 40, 1-11, doi:10.1016/0031-0182(82) 90082-7.
    • (1982) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.40 , pp. 1-11
    • Walker, J.C.G.1
  • 250
    • 0022557799 scopus 로고
    • Lunar nodal tide and distance to the Moon during the Precambrian
    • Walker, J. C. G., and K. J. Zahnle (1986), Lunar nodal tide and distance to the Moon during the Precambrian, Nature, 320, 600-602, doi:10.1038/320600a0. (Pubitemid 16285660)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , Issue.6063 , pp. 600-602
    • Walker, J.G.G.1    Zahnle, K.J.2
  • 251
    • 0019675059 scopus 로고
    • A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of the Earth's surface temperature
    • doi:10.1029/JC086iC10p09776
    • Walker, J. C. G., P. B. Hays, and J. F. Kasting (1981), A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of the Earth's surface temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9776-9782, doi:10.1029/JC086iC10p09776.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 9776-9782
    • Walker, J.C.G.1    Hays, P.B.2    Kasting, J.F.3
  • 253
    • 0017176252 scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse effects due to man-made perturbations of trace gases
    • doi:10.1126/science.194. 4266.685
    • Wang, W. C, Y. L. Yung, A. A. Lacis, T. Mo, and J. E. Hansen (1976), Greenhouse effects due to man-made perturbations of trace gases, Science, 194, 685-690, doi:10.1126/science.194. 4266.685.
    • (1976) Science , vol.194 , pp. 685-690
    • Wang, W.C.1    Yung, Y.L.2    Lacis, A.A.3    Mo, T.4    Hansen, J.E.5
  • 254
    • 34548530247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers" by David Pollard and James F. Kasting
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JC003411
    • Warren, S. G., and R. E. Brandt (2006), Comment on "snowball Earth: A thin-ice solution with flowing sea glaciers" by David Pollard and James F. Kasting, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09016, doi:10.1029/2005JC003411. (Pubitemid 47381786)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.111 , Issue.9
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2
  • 255
    • 0037110274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowball Earth: Ice thickness on the tropical ocean
    • doi:10.1029/2001JC001123
    • Warren, S. G., R. E. Brandt, T. C. Grenfell, and C. P. McKay (2002), Snowball Earth: Ice thickness on the tropical ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C10), 3167, doi:10.1029/2001JC001123.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.C10 , pp. 3167
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2    Grenfell, T.C.3    McKay, C.P.4
  • 256
    • 0011684940 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of a rapidly escaping atmosphere-Applications to the evolution of Earth and Venus
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(81)90101-9
    • Watson, A. J., T. M. Donahue, and J. C. G. Walker (1981), The dynamics of a rapidly escaping atmosphere-Applications to the evolution of Earth and Venus, Icarus, 48, 150-166, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(81)90101-9.
    • (1981) Icarus , vol.48 , pp. 150-166
    • Watson, A.J.1    Donahue, T.M.2    Walker, J.C.G.3
  • 257
    • 0034536995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical causes of solar activity
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1026790416627
    • Weiss, N. O., and S. M. Tobias (2000), Physical causes of solar activity, Space Sci. Rev., 94, 99-112, doi:10.1023/A:1026790416627. (Pubitemid 32006016)
    • (2000) Space Science Reviews , vol.94 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 99-112
    • Weiss, N.O.1    Tobias, S.M.2
  • 258
    • 84891187158 scopus 로고
    • Late heavy bombardment of the Moon and terrestrial planets
    • Wetherill, G. W. (1975), Late heavy bombardment of the Moon and terrestrial planets, Lunar Sci., 6, 1539-1561.
    • (1975) Lunar Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 1539-1561
    • Wetherill, G.W.1
  • 259
    • 0025664208 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the earth
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190. 001225
    • Wetherill, G. W. (1990), Formation of the Earth, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 18, 205-256, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190. 001225.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 205-256
    • Wetherill, G.W.1
  • 260
    • 0028975520 scopus 로고
    • A slightly more massive young Sun as an explanation for warm temperatures on early Mars
    • doi:10.1029/94JE03080
    • Whitmire, D. P., L. R. Doyle, R. T. Reynolds, and J. J. Matese (1995), A slightly more massive young Sun as an explanation for warm temperatures on early Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5457-5464, doi:10.1029/94JE03080.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 5457-5464
    • Whitmire, D.P.1    Doyle, L.R.2    Reynolds, R.T.3    Matese, J.J.4
  • 261
    • 11544331319 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide, ammonia and the origin of life
    • doi:10.1038/291213a0
    • Wigley, T. M. L., and P. Brimblecombe (1981), Carbon dioxide, ammonia and the origin of life, Nature, 291, 213-215, doi:10.1038/291213a0.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 213-215
    • Wigley, T.M.L.1    Brimblecombe, P.2
  • 262
    • 0003823671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface emis-sivity maps for use in satellite retrievals of longwave radiation
    • NASA, Hampton, Va
    • Wilber, A. C, D. P. Kratz, and S. K. Gupta (1999), Surface emis-sivity maps for use in satellite retrievals of longwave radiation, Tech. Rep. NASA/TP-1999-209362, NASA, Hampton, Va.
    • (1999) Tech. Rep. NASA/TP-1999-209362
    • Wilber, A.C.1    Kratz, D.P.2    Gupta, S.K.3
  • 263
    • 0035843153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago
    • DOI 10.1038/35051550
    • Wilde, S. A., J. W. Valley, W. H. Peck, and C. M. Graham (2001), Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago, Nature, 409, 175-178, doi:10.1038/35051550. (Pubitemid 32144279)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , Issue.6817 , pp. 175-178
    • Wilde, S.A.1    Valley, J.W.2    Peck, W.H.3    Graham, C.M.4
  • 264
    • 6144279882 scopus 로고
    • The greenhouse effect in a gray planetary atmosphere
    • doi:10.1016/0019-1035(66)90005-4
    • Wildt, R. (1966), The greenhouse effect in a gray planetary atmosphere, Icarus, 5, 24-33, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(66)90005-4.
    • (1966) Icarus , vol.5 , pp. 24-33
    • Wildt, R.1
  • 265
    • 0034119214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of earth's rotation and the moon's orbit
    • DOI 10.1029/1999RG900016
    • Williams, G. E. (2000), Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit, Rev. Geophys., 38, 37-60, doi:10.1029/1999RG900016. (Pubitemid 30199813)
    • (2000) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-59
    • Williams, G.E.1
  • 266
    • 0024252766 scopus 로고
    • The dynamical range of global circulations-I
    • doi:10.1007/BF01371320
    • Williams, G. P. (1988), The dynamical range of global circulations-I, Clim. Dyn., 2, 205-260, doi:10.1007/BF01371320.
    • (1988) Clim. Dyn. , vol.2 , pp. 205-260
    • Williams, G.P.1
  • 267
    • 75149139135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mean ocean salinity in climate
    • doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce. 2009.02.001
    • Williams, P. D., E. Guilyardi, G. Madec, S. Gualdi, and E. Scoccimarro (2010), The role of mean ocean salinity in climate, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 49, 108-123, doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce. 2009.02.001.
    • (2010) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans , vol.49 , pp. 108-123
    • Williams, P.D.1    Guilyardi, E.2    Madec, G.3    Gualdi, S.4    Scoccimarro, E.5
  • 269
    • 77953259777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal organic hazes provided an ultraviolet shield for early Earth
    • doi:10.1126/science.1183260
    • Wolf, E. T., and O. B. Toon (2010), Fractal organic hazes provided an ultraviolet shield for early Earth, Science, 328, 1266-1268, doi:10.1126/science.1183260.
    • (2010) Science , vol.328 , pp. 1266-1268
    • Wolf, E.T.1    Toon, O.B.2
  • 270
    • 84893353071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrospheres and solar-like stellar winds [online]
    • Wood, B. E. (2004), Astrospheres and solar-like stellar winds [online], Living Rev. Solar Phys., 1,2.
    • (2004) Living Rev. Solar Phys. , vol.1 , pp. 2
    • Wood, B.E.1
  • 271
    • 25144440987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New mass-loss measurements from astrospheric Lyα absorption
    • DOI 10.1086/432716
    • Wood, B. E., H.-R. Müller, G. P. Zank, J. L. Linsky, and S. Redfield (2005), New mass-loss measurements from astrospheric Lya absorption, Astrophys. J. Lett., 628, L143-L146, doi:10.1086/432716. (Pubitemid 41337327)
    • (2005) Astrophysical Journal , vol.628 , Issue.2
    • Wood, B.E.1    Muller, H.-R.2    Zank, G.P.3    Linsky, J.L.4    Redfield, S.5
  • 272
    • 78049531013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared collision-induced and far-line absorption in dense CO 2 atmospheres
    • doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.010
    • Wordsworth, R., F. Forget, and V. Eymet (2010), Infrared collision-induced and far-line absorption in dense CO2 atmospheres, Icarus, 210, 992-997, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.010.
    • (2010) Icarus , vol.210 , pp. 992-997
    • Wordsworth, R.1    Forget, F.2    Eymet, V.3
  • 273
    • 0032463339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earth's oldest reported glaciation: Physical and chemical evidence from the Archean Mozaan Group (~2.9 Ga) of South Africa
    • Young, G. M., V. V. Brunn, D. J. C. Gold, and W. E. L. Minter (1998), Earth's oldest reported glaciation: Physical and chemical evidence from the Archean Mozaan Group (2.9 Ga) of South Africa, J. Geol, 106, 523-538, doi:10.1086/516039. (Pubitemid 29139674)
    • (1998) Journal of Geology , vol.106 , Issue.5 , pp. 523-538
    • Young, G.M.1    Von Brunn, V.2    Gold, D.J.C.3    Minter, W.E.L.4
  • 274
    • 0022830341 scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry of methane and the formation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in the Earth's early atmosphere
    • doi:10.1029/JD091iD02p02819\
    • Zahnle, K. J. (1986), Photochemistry of methane and the formation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in the Earth's early atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2819-2834, doi:10.1029/JD091iD02p02819\
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 2819-2834
    • Zahnle, K.J.1
  • 275
    • 0020136814 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of solar ultraviolet luminosity
    • doi:10.1029/RG020i002p00280
    • Zahnle, K. J., and J. C. G. Walker (1982), The evolution of solar ultraviolet luminosity, Rev. Geophys., 20, 280-292, doi:10.1029/RG020i002p00280.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 280-292
    • Zahnle, K.J.1    Walker, J.C.G.2
  • 276
    • 0023523235 scopus 로고
    • A constant daylength during the Precambrian era?
    • doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90073-8
    • Zahnle, K., and J. C. G. Walker (1987), A constant daylength during the Precambrian era?, Precambrian Res., 37, 95-105, doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90073- 8.
    • (1987) Precambrian Res. , vol.37 , pp. 95-105
    • Zahnle, K.1    Walker, J.C.G.2
  • 277
    • 34548073865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of a habitable planet
    • DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9225-z, Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets
    • Zahnle, K., N. Arndt, C. Cockell, A. Halliday, E. Nisbet, F. Selsis, and N. H. Sleep (2007), Emergence of a habitable planet, Space Sci. Rev., 129, 35-78, doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9225-z. (Pubitemid 47289559)
    • (2007) Space Science Reviews , vol.129 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 35-78
    • Zahnle, K.1    Arndt, N.2    Cockell, C.3    Halliday, A.4    Nisbet, E.5    Selsis, F.6    Sleep, N.H.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.