메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2012, Pages

Antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: Do we know when, what and for how long to treat?

(16)  Esposito, Susanna a   Cohen, Robert b   Domingo, Javier Diez c   Pecurariu, Oana Falup d   Greenberg, David e   Heininger, Ulrich f   Knuf, Markus g,h   Lutsar, Irja i   Principi, Nicola a   Rodrigues, Fernanda j   Sharland, Mike k   Spoulou, Vana l   Syrogiannopoulos, George A m   Usonis, Vytautas n   Vergison, Anne o,p   Schaad, Urs B f  


Author keywords

Antibiotics; Antimicrobial treatment; Community acquired pneumonia; Pneumonia; Respiratory infection

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFALEXIN; CEFAZOLIN; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOXACILLIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN G; SIALIDASE INHIBITOR; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84861527499     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318255dc5b     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (98)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0037034267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • McIntosh K. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:429-437.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 429-437
    • McIntosh, K.1
  • 2
    • 0038811604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: Current concept in pharmacological control
    • Principi N, Esposito S. Paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: current concept in pharmacological control. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4:761-777.
    • (2003) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.4 , pp. 761-777
    • Principi, N.1    Esposito, S.2
  • 3
    • 80051891810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of severe community-acquired pneumonia of children in developing and developed countries
    • Principi N, Esposito S. Management of severe community-acquired pneumonia of children in developing and developed countries. Thorax. 2011;66:815-822.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , pp. 815-822
    • Principi, N.1    Esposito, S.2
  • 4
    • 34250628847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective treatment strategies for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia
    • Atkinson M, Yanney M, Stephenson T, et al. Effective treatment strategies for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:1091-1101.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.8 , pp. 1091-1101
    • Atkinson, M.1    Yanney, M.2    Stephenson, T.3
  • 5
    • 80054856346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: Update 2011
    • Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, et al. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax. 2011;66(suppl 2):ii1-ii23.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Harris, M.1    Clark, J.2    Coote, N.3
  • 6
    • 80052505003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary: The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: Clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. Executive summary: the management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:617-630.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 617-630
    • Bradley, J.S.1    Byington, C.L.2    Shah, S.S.3
  • 7
    • 44949211451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months
    • Haider BA, Saeed MA, Bhutta ZA. Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;CD005976.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Haider, B.A.1    Saeed, M.A.2    Bhutta, Z.A.3
  • 8
    • 25144432967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in children: Quantifying the burden on patients and their families including decrease in quality of life
    • Shoham Y, Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in children: quantifying the burden on patients and their families including decrease in quality of life. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1213-1219.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , pp. 1213-1219
    • Shoham, Y.1    Dagan, R.2    Givon-Lavi, N.3
  • 9
    • 0036527637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging resistance to antibiotics against respiratory bacteria: Impact on therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • Esposito S, Principi N. Emerging resistance to antibiotics against respiratory bacteria: impact on therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Drug Resist Updat. 2002;5:73-87.
    • (2002) Drug Resist Updat , vol.5 , pp. 73-87
    • Esposito, S.1    Principi, N.2
  • 10
    • 0001700674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory infections
    • Thomson RB Jr. Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 1999;12:115-119.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 115-119
    • Thomson Jr., R.B.1
  • 11
    • 0030991694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia
    • Jadavji T, Law B, Lebel MH, et al. A practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia. CMAJ. 1997;156:S703-S711.
    • (1997) CMAJ , vol.156
    • Jadavji, T.1    Law, B.2    Lebel, M.H.3
  • 12
    • 0342313853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and treatment of pneumonia
    • McCracken GH. Etiology and treatment of pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:273-277.
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 273-277
    • McCracken, G.H.1
  • 13
    • 0033033681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of the polymerase chain reaction assay in noninvasive respiratory samples for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia
    • Menéndez R, Córdoba J, de La Cuadra P, et al. Value of the polymerase chain reaction assay in noninvasive respiratory samples for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1868-1873.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1868-1873
    • Menéndez, R.1    Córdoba, J.2    De La Cuadra, P.3
  • 14
    • 0033994173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children
    • Juvén T, Mertsola J, Waris M, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:293-298.
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 293-298
    • Juvén, T.1    Mertsola, J.2    Waris, M.3
  • 15
    • 37349034534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhinovirus infection in hospitalized children in Hong Kong: A prospective study
    • Cheuk DK, Tang IW, Chan KH, et al. Rhinovirus infection in hospitalized children in Hong Kong: a prospective study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:995-1000.
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , pp. 995-1000
    • Cheuk, D.K.1    Tang, I.W.2    Chan, K.H.3
  • 16
    • 20844452722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized school-age children: Evidence for high prevalence of viral infections
    • Tsolia MN, Psarras S, Bossios A, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized school-age children: evidence for high prevalence of viral infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:681-686.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 681-686
    • Tsolia, M.N.1    Psarras, S.2    Bossios, A.3
  • 18
    • 79953797311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: Old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis
    • Pavia AT. Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(suppl 4):S284-S289.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Pavia, A.T.1
  • 19
    • 0031738122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of childhood pneumonia: Serologic results of a prospective, population-based study
    • Heiskanen-Kosma T, Korppi M, Jokinen C, et al. Etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:986-991.
    • (1998) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.17 , pp. 986-991
    • Heiskanen-Kosma, T.1    Korppi, M.2    Jokinen, C.3
  • 20
    • 77958519655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children: Diagnosis and serotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction using blood samples
    • Italian Group for the Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
    • Resti M, Moriondo M, Cortimiglia M, et al. Italian Group for the Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children: diagnosis and serotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction using blood samples. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:1042-1049.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 1042-1049
    • Resti, M.1    Moriondo, M.2    Cortimiglia, M.3
  • 21
    • 80052214526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and identification of pneumococcal serotypes by real-time polymerase chain reaction using blood samples from Italian children = 5 years of age with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Marchese A, Esposito S, Coppo E, et al. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and identification of pneumococcal serotypes by real-time polymerase chain reaction using blood samples from Italian children = 5 years of age with community-acquired pneumonia. Microb Drug Resist. 2011;17:419-424.
    • (2011) Microb Drug Resist , vol.17 , pp. 419-424
    • Marchese, A.1    Esposito, S.2    Coppo, E.3
  • 22
    • 84863901317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2010
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Stockholm: ECDC
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2010. Annual Report of the European Antimi crobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm: ECDC; 2011.
    • (2011) Annual Report of the European Antimi Crobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net)
  • 23
    • 77949332316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease and serotype distribution among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in young children in Europe: Impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and considerations for future conjugate vaccines
    • Isaacman DJ, McIntosh ED, Reinert RR. Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease and serotype distribution among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in young children in Europe: impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and considerations for future conjugate vaccines. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:e197-e209.
    • (2010) Int J Infect Dis , vol.14
    • Isaacman, D.J.1    McIntosh, E.D.2    Reinert, R.R.3
  • 24
    • 45949107580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotypes and pathogens in paediatric pneumonia
    • Hausdorff WP, Dagan R. Serotypes and pathogens in paediatric pneumonia. Vaccine. 2008;26(suppl 2):B19-B23.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Hausdorff, W.P.1    Dagan, R.2
  • 25
    • 33749065817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic features of invasive pneumococcal disease in Belgian children: Passive surveillance is not enough
    • Belgian Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Study Group
    • Vergison A, Tuerlinckx D, Verhaegen J, et al. Belgian Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Study Group. Epidemiologic features of invasive pneumococcal disease in Belgian children: passive surveillance is not enough. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e801-e809.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118
    • Vergison, A.1    Tuerlinckx, D.2    Verhaegen, J.3
  • 26
    • 79951678015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasopharyngeal carriage of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes during pediatric pneumonia as a means to estimate serotype disease potential
    • Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Newman N, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes during pediatric pneumonia as a means to estimate serotype disease potential. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:227-233.
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.30 , pp. 227-233
    • Greenberg, D.1    Givon-Lavi, N.2    Newman, N.3
  • 27
    • 65649084792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen in children
    • Murphy TF, Faden H, Bakaletz LO, et al. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:43-48.
    • (2009) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.28 , pp. 43-48
    • Murphy, T.F.1    Faden, H.2    Bakaletz, L.O.3
  • 28
    • 65649112131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in Germany: Impact of non-type b serotypes in the post-vaccine era
    • Kalies H, Siedler A, Gröndahl B, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in Germany: impact of non-type b serotypes in the post-vaccine era. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:45.
    • (2009) BMC Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 45
    • Kalies, H.1    Siedler, A.2    Gröndahl, B.3
  • 29
    • 0033834346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children
    • McCracken GH. Diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:924-928.
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 924-928
    • McCracken, G.H.1
  • 30
    • 12344274527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci in2002-2003. Results of the multinational GRASP Surveillance Program
    • GRASP Study Group
    • Beekmann SE, Heilmann KP, Richter SS, et al. GRASP Study Group. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci in 2002-2003. Results of the multinational GRASP Surveillance Program. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005;25:148-156.
    • (2005) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.25 , pp. 148-156
    • Beekmann, S.E.1    Heilmann, K.P.2    Richter, S.S.3
  • 31
    • 77953798234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens in Spain: Latest data and changes over 11 years (1996-1997 to2006-2007)
    • Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens
    • Pérez-Trallero E, Martín-Herrero JE, Mazón A, et al. Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens in Spain: latest data and changes over 11 years (1996-1997 to 2006-2007). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:2953-2959.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 2953-2959
    • Pérez-Trallero, E.1    Martín-Herrero, J.E.2    Mazón, A.3
  • 32
    • 84858159066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogens implicated in acute otitis media failures after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in France: Distribution, serotypes, and resistance levels
    • Couloigner V, Levy C, Francois M, et al. Pathogens implicated in acute otitis media failures after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in France: distribution, serotypes, and resistance levels. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:154-158.
    • (2012) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.31 , pp. 154-158
    • Couloigner, V.1    Levy, C.2    Francois, M.3
  • 33
    • 77949545786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe
    • Otter JA, French GL. Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:227-239.
    • (2010) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 227-239
    • Otter, J.A.1    French, G.L.2
  • 34
    • 77954586271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic
    • David MZ, Daum RS. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23:616-687.
    • (2010) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.23 , pp. 616-687
    • David, M.Z.1    Daum, R.S.2
  • 35
    • 49649094887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children in central Greece
    • Niniou I, Vourli S, Lebessi E, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children in central Greece. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27:831-837.
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 831-837
    • Niniou, I.1    Vourli, S.2    Lebessi, E.3
  • 36
    • 78649918888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusidic acid and clindamycin resistance in community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children of Central Greece
    • Katopodis GD, Grivea IN, Tsantsaridou AJ, et al. Fusidic acid and clindamycin resistance in community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children of Central Greece. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:351.
    • (2010) BMC Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 351
    • Katopodis, G.D.1    Grivea, I.N.2    Tsantsaridou, A.J.3
  • 37
    • 0029066694 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: Comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate
    • Block S, Hedrick J, Hammerschlag MR, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14:471-477.
    • (1995) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.14 , pp. 471-477
    • Block, S.1    Hedrick, J.2    Hammerschlag, M.R.3
  • 38
    • 0035341166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections
    • Mowgli Study Group
    • Principi N, Esposito S, Blasi F, et al. Mowgli Study Group. Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1281-1289.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 1281-1289
    • Principi, N.1    Esposito, S.2    Blasi, F.3
  • 39
    • 0035748752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory-tract infections
    • Principi N, Esposito S. Emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory-tract infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001;1:334-344.
    • (2001) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.1 , pp. 334-344
    • Principi, N.1    Esposito, S.2
  • 40
    • 0347623109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised children and adolescents
    • Baer G, Engelcke G, Abele-Horn M, et al. Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22:742-745.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 742-745
    • Baer, G.1    Engelcke, G.2    Abele-Horn, M.3
  • 41
    • 67249101092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in France directly detected in clinical specimens by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis
    • Peuchant O, Ménard A, Renaudin H, et al. Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in France directly detected in clinical specimens by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;64:52-58.
    • (2009) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.64 , pp. 52-58
    • Peuchant, O.1    Ménard, A.2    Renaudin, H.3
  • 42
    • 77953919333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in Germany
    • Dumke R, von Baum H, Lück PC, et al. Occurrence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in Germany. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:613-616.
    • (2010) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.16 , pp. 613-616
    • Dumke, R.1    Von Baum, H.2    Lück, P.C.3
  • 43
    • 79952780070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of macrolide-resistant strains during an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children
    • Chironna M, Sallustio A, Esposito S, et al. Emergence of macrolide-resistant strains during an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:734-737.
    • (2011) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.66 , pp. 734-737
    • Chironna, M.1    Sallustio, A.2    Esposito, S.3
  • 44
    • 79957651612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Israel 2010
    • Averbuch D, Hidalgo-Grass C, Moses AE, et al. Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Israel, 2010. Emerging Infect Dis. 2011;17:1079-1082.
    • (2011) Emerging Infect Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Averbuch, D.1    Hidalgo-Grass, C.2    Moses, A.E.3
  • 45
    • 37849044562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Acute Respiratory Diseases Study Group
    • Morozumi M, Iwata S, Hasegawa K, et al. Acute Respiratory Diseases Study Group. Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:348-350.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 348-350
    • Morozumi, M.1    Iwata, S.2    Hasegawa, K.3
  • 46
    • 77954721407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from children in Shanghai China
    • Liu Y, Ye X, Zhang H, et al. Characterization of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from children in Shanghai, China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;67:355-358.
    • (2010) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.67 , pp. 355-358
    • Liu, Y.1    Ye, X.2    Zhang, H.3
  • 47
    • 77954729202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from adult and adolescent patients with respiratory tract infection in China
    • Cao B, Zhao CJ, Yin YD, et al. High prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from adult and adolescent patients with respiratory tract infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:189-194.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 189-194
    • Cao, B.1    Zhao, C.J.2    Yin, Y.D.3
  • 48
    • 50849142594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection
    • Cilla G, Oñate E, Perez-Yarza EG, et al. Viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection. J Med Virol. 2008;80:1843-1849.
    • (2008) J Med Virol , vol.80 , pp. 1843-1849
    • Cilla, G.1    Oñate, E.2    Perez-Yarza, E.G.3
  • 49
    • 1842482146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children
    • Michelow IC, Olsen K, Lozano J, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics. 2004;113:701-707.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 701-707
    • Michelow, I.C.1    Olsen, K.2    Lozano, J.3
  • 50
    • 72049088773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of human metapneumovirus with radiologically diagnosed community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in young children
    • Wolf DG, Greenberg D, Shemer-Avni Y, et al. Association of human metapneumovirus with radiologically diagnosed community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in young children. J Pediatr. 2010;156:115-120.
    • (2010) J Pediatr , vol.156 , pp. 115-120
    • Wolf, D.G.1    Greenberg, D.2    Shemer-Avni, Y.3
  • 51
    • 0036681856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: Characterization of a mouse model and the role of platelet-activating factor receptor
    • McCullers JA, Rehg JE. Lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of a mouse model and the role of platelet-activating factor receptor. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:341-350.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 341-350
    • McCullers, J.A.1    Rehg, J.E.2
  • 52
    • 2442720183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus
    • Hament JM, Aerts PC, Fleer A, et al. Enhanced adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Pediatr Res. 2004;55:972-978.
    • (2004) Pediatr Res , vol.55 , pp. 972-978
    • Hament, J.M.1    Aerts, P.C.2    Fleer, A.3
  • 53
    • 78650789393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Vietnamese children
    • Vu HT, Yoshida LM, Suzuki M, et al. Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Vietnamese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:11-18.
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.30 , pp. 11-18
    • Vu, H.T.1    Yoshida, L.M.2    Suzuki, M.3
  • 54
    • 4043117647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia
    • Vaccine Trialist Group
    • Madhi SA, Klugman KP; Vaccine Trialist Group. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med. 2004;10:811-813.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 811-813
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Klugman, K.P.2
  • 55
    • 33646063844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal coinfection with human metapneumovirus
    • Madhi SA, Ludewick H, Kuwanda L, et al. Pneumococcal coinfection with human metapneumovirus. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:1236-1243.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 1236-1243
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Ludewick, H.2    Kuwanda, L.3
  • 56
    • 79959705258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in children in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistance at Texas Children's Hospital
    • Carrillo-Marquez MA, Hulten KG, Hammerman W, et al. Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in children in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistance at Texas Children's Hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:545-550.
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.30 , pp. 545-550
    • Carrillo-Marquez, M.A.1    Hulten, K.G.2    Hammerman, W.3
  • 57
    • 54049083410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: Increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection
    • Finelli L, Fiore A, Dhara R, et al. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. Pediatrics. 2008;122:805-811.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , pp. 805-811
    • Finelli, L.1    Fiore, A.2    Dhara, R.3
  • 58
    • 37849023031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of antibiotic concentration ratios measured in epithelial lining fluid
    • Kiem S, Schentag JJ. Interpretation of antibiotic concentration ratios measured in epithelial lining fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:24-36.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 24-36
    • Kiem, S.1    Schentag, J.J.2
  • 60
    • 29144442460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired respiratory tract infections
    • Calbo E, Garau J. Application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Respiration. 2005;72:561-571.
    • (2005) Respiration , vol.72 , pp. 561-571
    • Calbo, E.1    Garau, J.2
  • 61
    • 0032946640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Woodnutt G, Berry V. Efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43:35-40.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 35-40
    • Woodnutt, G.1    Berry, V.2
  • 62
    • 4544368054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of newer antimicrobial formulations for overcoming pneumococcal resistance
    • Craig WA. Overview of newer antimicrobial formulations for overcoming pneumococcal resistance. Am J Med. 2004;117(suppl 3A):16S-22S.
    • (2004) Am J Med , vol.117 , Issue.SUPPL. 3A
    • Craig, W.A.1
  • 63
    • 0030952990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer macrolides
    • Nightingale CH. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer macrolides. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16:438-443.
    • (1997) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.16 , pp. 438-443
    • Nightingale, C.H.1
  • 64
    • 3142743788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ampicillin and penicillin concentration in serum and pleural fluid of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Giachetto G, Pirez MC, Nanni L, et al. Ampicillin and penicillin concentration in serum and pleural fluid of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:625-629.
    • (2004) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.23 , pp. 625-629
    • Giachetto, G.1    Pirez, M.C.2    Nanni, L.3
  • 65
    • 0037417048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia
    • Fonseca W, Hoppu K, Rey LC, et al. Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:997-1001.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 997-1001
    • Fonseca, W.1    Hoppu, K.2    Rey, L.C.3
  • 66
    • 0344348870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting cefotaxime pediatric dosing to adult standards: A pharmacokinetic simulation study
    • Dulaney Lopez AM, Rodriguez JC, Lopez-Samblas AM, et al. Limiting cefotaxime pediatric dosing to adult standards: a pharmacokinetic simulation study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;37:269-274.
    • (1999) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.37 , pp. 269-274
    • Dulaney Lopez, A.M.1    Rodriguez, J.C.2    Lopez-Samblas, A.M.3
  • 67
    • 67650744883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxione, a third-generation cephalosporin, in pediatric patients
    • Fukumoto K, Aida S, Oishi T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxione, a third-generation cephalosporin, in pediatric patients. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009;32:1139-1141.
    • (2009) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.32 , pp. 1139-1141
    • Fukumoto, K.1    Aida, S.2    Oishi, T.3
  • 68
    • 0020456609 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in infants and children with bacterial meningitis
    • del Rio Mde L, Chrane DF, Shelton S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in infants and children with bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982;22:990-994.
    • (1982) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.22 , pp. 990-994
    • Del Rio Mde, L.1    Chrane, D.F.2    Shelton, S.3
  • 69
    • 0034780859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal dosing of penicillin G in the third trimester of pregnancy for prophylaxis against group B Streptococcus
    • Johnson JR, Colombo DF, Gardner D, et al. Optimal dosing of penicillin G in the third trimester of pregnancy for prophylaxis against group B Streptococcus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:850-853.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , pp. 850-853
    • Johnson, J.R.1    Colombo, D.F.2    Gardner, D.3
  • 70
    • 0026062667 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam in healthy elderly and young volunteers
    • Meyers BR, Wilkinson P, Mendelson MH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam in healthy elderly and young volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;35:2098-2101.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 2098-2101
    • Meyers, B.R.1    Wilkinson, P.2    Mendelson, M.H.3
  • 71
    • 67650938655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between generic and branded amoxicillin formulations. A post-marketing clinical study on healthy volunteers
    • Del Tacca M, Pasqualetti G, Di Paolo A, et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between generic and branded amoxicillin formulations. A post-marketing clinical study on healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;68:34-42.
    • (2009) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 34-42
    • Del Tacca, M.1    Pasqualetti, G.2    Di Paolo, A.3
  • 72
    • 0031012761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:243-250.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 243-250
    • Fine, M.J.1    Auble, T.E.2    Yealy, D.M.3
  • 73
    • 70350065937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical policy: Critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Nazarian DJ, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, et al. Clinical policy: critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:704-731.
    • (2009) Ann Emerg Med , vol.54 , pp. 704-731
    • Nazarian, D.J.1    Eddy, O.L.2    Lukens, T.W.3
  • 74
    • 34247882557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children with pneumonia: How do they present and how are they managed?
    • Clark JE, Hammal D, Spencer D, et al. Children with pneumonia: how do they present and how are they managed? Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:394-398.
    • (2007) Arch Dis Child , vol.92 , pp. 394-398
    • Clark, J.E.1    Hammal, D.2    Spencer, D.3
  • 75
    • 18444363624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of children with complicated pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Tan TQ, Mason EO Jr, Wald ER, et al. Clinical characteristics of children with complicated pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics. 2002;110(1 pt 1):1-6.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , Issue.1 PART 1 , pp. 1-6
    • Tan, T.Q.1    Mason Jr., E.O.2    Wald, E.R.3
  • 76
    • 70350449241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do vital signs identify children with serious infections in paediatric emergency care?
    • Thompson M, Coad N, Harnden A, et al. How well do vital signs identify children with serious infections in paediatric emergency care? Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:888-893.
    • (2009) Arch Dis Child , vol.94 , pp. 888-893
    • Thompson, M.1    Coad, N.2    Harnden, A.3
  • 77
    • 19444376047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining pneumonia in critically ill infants and children
    • Langley JM, Bradley JS. Defining pneumonia in critically ill infants and children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(3 suppl):S9-S13.
    • (2005) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.6 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Langley, J.M.1    Bradley, J.S.2
  • 78
    • 66149119687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical tool to predict failed response to therapy in children with severe pneumonia
    • Mamtani M, Patel A, Hibberd PL, et al. A clinical tool to predict failed response to therapy in children with severe pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009;44:379-386.
    • (2009) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.44 , pp. 379-386
    • Mamtani, M.1    Patel, A.2    Hibberd, P.L.3
  • 79
    • 34547100955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors predicting mortality in necrotizing community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin
    • Gillet Y, Vanhems P, Lina G, et al. Factors predicting mortality in necrotizing community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:315-321.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 315-321
    • Gillet, Y.1    Vanhems, P.2    Lina, G.3
  • 80
    • 34548523299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe sepsis attributable to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging fatal problem
    • Castaldo ET, Yang EY. Severe sepsis attributable to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging fatal problem. Am Surg. 2007;73:684-687.
    • (2007) Am Surg , vol.73 , pp. 684-687
    • Castaldo, E.T.1    Yang, E.Y.2
  • 81
    • 77953163938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral coinfections in children with invasive pneumococcal disease
    • Techasaensiri B, Techasaensiri C, Mejías A, et al. Viral coinfections in children with invasive pneumococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29:519-523.
    • (2010) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.29 , pp. 519-523
    • Techasaensiri, B.1    Techasaensiri, C.2    Mejías, A.3
  • 82
    • 37749047303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza-and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality and hospitalisations
    • Jansen AG, Sanders EA, Hoes AW, et al. Influenza-and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality and hospitalisations. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:1158-1166.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 1158-1166
    • Jansen, A.G.1    Sanders, E.A.2    Hoes, A.W.3
  • 83
    • 0034025653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for mortality among children hospitalized because of acute respiratory infections in Bangui Central African Republic
    • Demers AM, Morency P, Mberyo-Yaah F, et al. Risk factors for mortality among children hospitalized because of acute respiratory infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:424-432.
    • (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.19 , pp. 424-432
    • Demers, A.M.1    Morency, P.2    Mberyo-Yaah, F.3
  • 84
    • 0030923195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White blood cells C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pneumococcal pneumonia in children
    • Korppi M, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Leinonen M. White blood cells, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:1125-1129.
    • (1997) Eur Respir J , vol.10 , pp. 1125-1129
    • Korppi, M.1    Heiskanen-Kosma, T.2    Leinonen, M.3
  • 85
    • 0035007015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum procalcitonin in pneumococcal pneumonia in children
    • Korppi M, Remes S. Serum procalcitonin in pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:623-627.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.17 , pp. 623-627
    • Korppi, M.1    Remes, S.2
  • 86
    • 0036904804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae and atypical bacterial infections in children 2-5 years of age with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Esposito S, Bosis S, Cavagna R, et al. Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae and atypical bacterial infections in children 2-5 years of age with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:1345-1352.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1345-1352
    • Esposito, S.1    Bosis, S.2    Cavagna, R.3
  • 87
    • 0036257643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia in children
    • Virkki R, Juven T, Rikalainen H, et al. Differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia in children. Thorax. 2002;57:438-441.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 438-441
    • Virkki, R.1    Juven, T.2    Rikalainen, H.3
  • 88
    • 0027242045 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of radiological findings and microbial aetiology of childhood pneumonia
    • Korppi M, Kiekara O, Heiskanen-Kosma T, et al. Comparison of radiological findings and microbial aetiology of childhood pneumonia. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82:360-363.
    • (1993) Acta Paediatr , vol.82 , pp. 360-363
    • Korppi, M.1    Kiekara, O.2    Heiskanen-Kosma, T.3
  • 89
    • 84857036314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the World Health Organization criteria for chest radiographs for pneumonia diagnosis in children
    • Ben Shimol S, Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, et al. Evaluation of the World Health Organization criteria for chest radiographs for pneumonia diagnosis in children. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171:369-374.
    • (2012) Eur J Pediatr , vol.171 , pp. 369-374
    • Ben Shimol, S.1    Dagan, R.2    Givon-Lavi, N.3
  • 90
    • 18744368940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized interpretation of paediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies
    • Cherian T, Mulholland EK, Carlin JB, et al. Standardized interpretation of paediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83:353-359.
    • (2005) Bull World Health Organ , vol.83 , pp. 353-359
    • Cherian, T.1    Mulholland, E.K.2    Carlin, J.B.3
  • 91
    • 77957708523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal candidiasis: Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical judgment
    • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
    • Benjamin DK Jr, Stoll BJ, Gantz MG, et al. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal candidiasis: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical judgment. Pediatrics. 2010;126:e865-e873.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126
    • Benjamin Jr., D.K.1    Stoll, B.J.2    Gantz, M.G.3
  • 92
    • 33746238924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem pathogens: Paediatric legionellosis-implications for improved diagnosis
    • Greenberg D, Chiou CC, Famigilleti R, et al. Problem pathogens: paediatric legionellosis-implications for improved diagnosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:529-535.
    • (2006) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 529-535
    • Greenberg, D.1    Chiou, C.C.2    Famigilleti, R.3
  • 93
    • 0032950458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatally acquired Chlamydia trachomatis associated morbidity in young infants
    • Jain S. Perinatally acquired Chlamydia trachomatis associated morbidity in young infants. J Matern Fetal Med. 1999;8:130-133.
    • (1999) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.8 , pp. 130-133
    • Jain, S.1
  • 94
    • 69249126258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia trachomatis respiratory infection in Dutch infants
    • Rours GI, Hammerschlag MR, Van Doornum GJ, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis respiratory infection in Dutch infants. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:705-707.
    • (2009) Arch Dis Child , vol.94 , pp. 705-707
    • Rours, G.I.1    Hammerschlag, M.R.2    Van Doornum, G.J.3
  • 96
    • 36148998761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pertussis is under diagnosed in infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Greenberg D, Bamberger E, Ben-Shimol S, et al. Pertussis is under diagnosed in infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection in the pediatric intensive care unit. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13:CR475-CR480.
    • (2007) Med Sci Monit , vol.13
    • Greenberg, D.1    Bamberger, E.2    Ben-Shimol, S.3
  • 98
    • 0032919344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative tolerability of erythromycin and newer macrolide antibacterials in paediatric patients
    • Principi N, Esposito S. Comparative tolerability of erythromycin and newer macrolide antibacterials in paediatric patients. Drug Saf. 1999;20:25-41.
    • (1999) Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 25-41
    • Principi, N.1    Esposito, S.2
  • 99
    • 34848819765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Bradley JS, Arguedas A, Blumer JL, et al. Comparative study of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:868-878.
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , pp. 868-878
    • Bradley, J.S.1    Arguedas, A.2    Blumer, J.L.3
  • 100
    • 0028876626 scopus 로고
    • Use of fluoroquinolones in pediatrics: Consensus report of an International Society of Chemotherapy commission
    • Schaad UB, abdus Salam M, Aujard Y, et al. Use of fluoroquinolones in pediatrics: consensus report of an International Society of Chemotherapy commission. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14:1-9.
    • (1995) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.14 , pp. 1-9
    • Schaad, U.B.1    Abdus Salam, M.2    Aujard, Y.3
  • 101
    • 23644450396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in infants and children
    • Schaad UB. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in infants and children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19:617-628.
    • (2005) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.19 , pp. 617-628
    • Schaad, U.B.1
  • 102
    • 34848853611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will fluoroquinolones ever be recommended for common infections in children?
    • Schaad UB. Will fluoroquinolones ever be recommended for common infections in children? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:865-867.
    • (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.26 , pp. 865-867
    • Schaad, U.B.1
  • 103
    • 36749102470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): A multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial
    • Atkinson M, Lakhanpaul M, Smyth A, et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial. Thorax. 2007;62:1102-1106.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Atkinson, M.1    Lakhanpaul, M.2    Smyth, A.3
  • 104
    • 0035044971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful shortening from seven to four days of parenteral beta-lactam treatment for common childhood infections: A prospective and randomized study
    • SE-TU Study Group
    • Peltola H, Vuori-Holopainen E, Kallio MJ; SE-TU Study Group. Successful shortening from seven to four days of parenteral beta-lactam treatment for common childhood infections: a prospective and randomized study. Int J Infect Dis. 2001;5:3-8.
    • (2001) Int J Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 3-8
    • Peltola, H.1    Vuori-Holopainen, E.2    Kallio, M.J.3
  • 105
    • 0031763322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children
    • Harris JA, Kolokathis A, Campbell M, et al. Safety and efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:865-871.
    • (1998) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.17 , pp. 865-871
    • Harris, J.A.1    Kolokathis, A.2    Campbell, M.3
  • 106
    • 81155155586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia
    • Esposito S, Tagliabue C, Picciolli I, et al. Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia. Respir Med. 2011;105:1939-1945.
    • (2011) Respir Med , vol.105 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Esposito, S.1    Tagliabue, C.2    Picciolli, I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.