Antibacterial surfaces developed from bio-inspired approaches

Acta Biomaterialia

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1670-1684

  Glinel, K ^a   Thebault, P ^b   Humblot, V ^c   Pradier, C M ^c   Jouenne, T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptides; Bacteriolytic enzymes; Biofilms; Essential oils; Quorum sensing

Indexed keywords

ANIMALS; ANTIBIOTICS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; BIOFILMS; COATINGS; ENZYMES; MICROORGANISMS; PEPTIDES;

ANTIBACTERIAL COATINGS; ANTIBACTERIAL SURFACES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BACTERIAL BIOFILM; BACTERIOLYTIC ENZYME; BIO-INSPIRED APPROACH; LIVING ORGANISMS; QUORUM-SENSING; SYNTHETIC APPROACH;

ESSENTIAL OILS;

AMMONIA; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFOULING AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BACTERICIDE; BIOMATERIAL; ENZYME; ESSENTIAL OIL; GRAMICIDIN A; LIPOPEPTIDE; LYSOZYME; METAL DERIVATIVE; POLOXAMER; POLYETHYLENE; POLYMER; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; STAINLESS STEEL;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL CELL; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIOLYSIS; BACTERIUM; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BIOFILM; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL STRUCTURE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CYTOTOXICITY; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; FLAVIMONAS ORYZIHABITANS; INFLAMMATION; LIPID BILAYER; LISTERIA IVANOVII; MACROALGA; MATERIAL COATING; MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; QUORUM SENSING; REVIEW; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; SURFACE PROPERTY;

ALGAE; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84859110119     PISSN: 17427061     EISSN: 18787568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.011     Document Type: Review

References (155)

1. J.W. Costerton, P.S. Stewart, and E.P. Greenberg Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections Science 284 1999 1318 1322
2. W.M. Dunne Jr. Bacterial adhesion: seen any good biofilms lately? Clin Microbiol Rev 15 2002 155 166
3. P. Tenke, C.R. Riedl, G.L. Jones, G.J. Williams, D. Stickler, and E. Nagy Bacterial biofilms formation on urologic devices and heparin coating as preventive strategy Int J Antimicrob Agents 23 2004 S67 S74
4. D. Davies Understanding biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents Nat Rev 2 2003 114 122
5. E. Drenkard Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms Microb Infect 5 2003 1213 1219
6. P.S. Stewart Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms Int J Med Microbiol 292 2002 107 113
7. C. Mace, D. Seyer, C. Chemani, P. Cosette, P. Di-Martino, and B. Guery Identification of biofilm-associated cluster (bac) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in biofilm formation and virulence PLoS One 3 2008 1 10
8. M. Whiteley, M.G. Bangera, R.E. Bumgarnes, M.R. Parsek, G.M. Teitzeil, and S. Lory Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms Nature 413 2001 860 864
9. M.A. Schembri, K. Kjærgaard, and P. Klemm Global gene expression in Escherichia coli biofilms Mol Microbiol 48 2001 253 267
10. S. Vilain, P. Cosette, M. Hubert, C. Lange, G.A. Junter, and T. Jouenne Comparative proteomic analysis of planktonic and immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells: a multivariate statistical approach Anal Biochem 329 2004 120 130
11. G.A. Junter, and T. Jouenne Immobilized viable microbial cells: from the process to the proteome... Or the cart before the horse Biotechnol Adv 22 2004 633 658
12. J. Verran, and K. Whitehead Factors affecting microbial adhesion to stainless steel and other materials used in medical devices Int J Artif Organs 28 2005 1138 1145
13. K. Bruelhoff, J. Fiedler, M. Möller, J. Groll, and R.E. Brenner Surface coating strategies to prevent biofilm formation on implant surfaces Int J Artif Organs 33 2010 646 653
14. J.C. Tiller, C.J. Liao, K. Lewis, and A.M. Klibanov Designing surfaces that kill bacteria on contact Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 2001 5981 5985
15. J.A. Lichter, and M.F. Rubner Polyelectrolyte multilayers with intrinsic antimicrobial functionality: the importance of mobile polycations Langmuir 25 2009 7686 7694
16. A.M. Klibanov Permanently microbicidal materials coatings J Mater Chem 17 2007 2479 2482
17. D. Lee, R.E. Cohen, and M.F. Rubner Antibacterial properties of Ag nanoparticle loaded multilayers and formation of magnetically directed antibacterial microparticles Langmuir 21 2005 9651 9659
18. W. Kohnen, C. Kolbenschlag, S. Teske-Keiser, and B. Jansen Development of a long-lasting ventricular catheter impregnated with a combination of antibiotics Biomaterials 24 2003 4865 4869
19. T. Gura Innate immunity: ancient system gets new respect Science 291 2001 2068 2071
20. R.I. Lehrer, and T. Ganz Anti-microbial peptides in mammalian and insect host defence Curr Opin Immunol 11 1999 23 27
21. T. Ganz, and R.I. Lehrer Anti-microbial peptides of vertebrates Curr Opin Immunol 10 1998 41 44
22. M. Zasloff Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms Nature 415 2002 389 395
23. Z. Oren, and Y. Shai Mode of action of linear amphipathic alphahelical anti-microbial peptides Biopolymers 47 1998 451 463
24. K.A. Brogden Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nat Rev Microbiol 3 2005 238 250
25. B.E. Haugh, M.B. Strøm, and J.S.M. Svendsen The medicinal chemistry of short lactoferricin-based antibacterial peptides Curr Med Chem 14 2007 1 18
26. H.G. Boman, I. Nilsson, and B. Rasmuson Inducible antibacterial defense system in Drosophila Nature 237 1972 232235
27. H. Steiner, D. Hultmark,. Engström, H. Bennich, and H.H. Boman Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity Nature 292 1981 246 248
28. J. Patterson-Delafield, D. Szlarek, R.J. Martinez, and R.I. Lehrer Microbicidal cationic proteins in rabbit alveolar macrophages: a potential host defense mechanism Infect Immun 30 1980 180 192
29. J. Patterson-Delafield, D. Szlarek, R.J. Martinez, and R.I. Lehrer Microbicidal cationic proteins of rabbit alveolar macrophages: amino acid composition and functional attributes Infect Immun 31 1981 723 731
30. M. Zasloff Magainins, a class of antimicrobial from Xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial c-DNA sequence of a precursor Peptides Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1987 5449 5453
31. A. Giuliani, A. Pirri, A. Bozzi, M. Di Giulio, and A.C. Rinaldi Antimicrobial peptides: natural templates for synthetic membrane-active compounds Cell Mol Life Sci 65 2008 2450 2460
32. H. Jenssen, P. Hamill, and R.E. Hancock Peptide antimicrobial agents Clin Microbiol Rev 19 2006 491 511
33. See. < http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php > [12.10.2010].
34. L. Rivas, J.R. Luque-Ortega, and D. Andreu Amphibian antimicrobial peptides and protozoa: lessons from parasites Biochim Biophys Acta 1788 2009 1570 1581
35. D.I. Chan, E.J. Prenner, and H.J. Vogel Tryptophan- and arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides: structures and mechanisms of action Biochim Biophys Acta 1758 2006 1184 1202
36. G.J. Gabriel, A. Som, A.E. Madkour, and T. Eren Tew GN Infectious disease: connecting innate immunity to biocidal polymers Mater Sci Eng R57 2007 28 64
37. T. Salditt, C. Li, and A. Sparr Structure of antimicrobial peptides and lipid membranes probed by interface-sensitive X-ray scattering Biochim Biophys Acta 1758 2006 1483 1498
38. N. Papo, and Y. Shai Can we predict biological activity of antimicrobial peptides from their interactions with model phospholipid membranes? Peptides 24 2003 1693 1703
39. H.W. Huang, F.Y. Chan, and M.T. Lee Molecular mechanisms of peptide-induced pores in membranes Phys Rev Lett 92 2004 193 304
40. Y. Shai Mode of action of membrane active antimicrobial peptides Biopolymers 66 2002 236 248
41. Y.J. Gordon, E.G. Romanowski, and A.M. McDermott A review of antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential as anti-infective drugs Curr Eye Res 30 2005 205 515
42. E. Andres, and J.L. Dimarcq Cationic antimicrobial peptides: update of clinical development J Intern Med 255 2004 519 520
43. V.N. Lazarev, and V.M. Govorun Antimicrobial peptides and their use in medicine Appl Biochem Microbiol 46 2010 803 814
44. E. Guani-Guerra, T. Santos-Mendoza, S.O. Lugo-Reyes, and L. Teran M. Antimicrobial peptides: general overview and clinical implications in human health and disease Clin Immunol 135 2010 1 11
45. M. Simmaco, G. Mignogna, and D. Barra Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin: what do they tell us? Biopolymers 47 1998 435 450
46. A.A. Onaizi, and S.S.J. Leong Tethering antimicrobial peptides: current status and potential challenges Biotechnol Adv 29 2011 67 74
47. O. Etienne, C. Picart, C. Taddei, Y. Haikel, J.L. Dimarcq, and P. Schaaf Multilayer polyelectrolyte films functionalized by insertion of defensin: a new approach to protection of implants from bacterial colonization Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 2004 3662 3669
48. A. Guyomard, E. Dé, T. Jouenne, J.J. Malandain, G. Muller, and K. Glinel Incorporation of a hydrophobic antibacterial peptide into amphiphilic polyelectrolyte multilayers: a bioinspired approach to prepare biocidal thin coatings Adv Funct Mater 18 2008 758 765
49. C. Duval-Terrié, P. Cosette, G. Molle, G. Muller, and E. Dé Amphiphilic biopolymers (Amphibiopols) as new surfactants for membrane proteins solubilisation Protein Sci 12 2003 681 689
50. M. Picard, C. Duval-Terrié, E. Dé, and P. Champeil Stabilization of membranes upon interaction of amphipathic polymers with membrane proteins Protein Sci 13 2004 3056 3058
51. A. Guyomard, B. Nysten, G. Muller, and K. Glinel Loading and release of small hydrophobic molecules in multilayer films based on amphiphilic polysaccharides Langmuir 22 2006 2281 2287
52. A. Guyomard, G. Muller, and K. Glinel Buildup of multilayers based on amphiphilic polyelectrolytes Macromolecules 38 2005 5737 5742
53. B.A. Wallace Structure of gramicidin A Biophys J 49 1986 295 306
54. A. Shukla, K.E. Fleming, H.F. Chuang, T.M. Chau, and C.R. Loose Controlling the release of peptide antimicrobial agents from surfaces Biomaterials 31 2010 2348 2357
55. P.A. Fulmer, J.G. Lundin, and J.H. Wynne Development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for use in self-decontaminating coatings Appl Mater Inter 2 2010 1266 1270
56. S.L. Haynie, G.A. Crum, and B.A. Doele Antimicrobial activities of amphiphilic peptides covalently bonded to a water-insoluble resin Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 1995 301 307
57. M. Bagheri, M. Beyermann, and M. Dathe Immobilization reduces the activity of surface-bound cationic antimicrobial peptides with no influence upon the activity spectrum Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 2009 1132 1341
58. M. Mohorcic, I. Jerman, M. Zorko, L. Butinar, B. Orel, and R. Jerala Surface with antimicrobial activity obtained through silane coating with covalently bound polymyxin B J Mater Sci Mater Med 21 2010 2775 2782
59. E. Faure, P. Lecomte, S. Lenoir, C. Vreuls, C. Van De Weerdt, and C. Archambeau Sustainable and bio-inspired chemistry for robust antibacterial activity of stainless steel J Mater Chem 21 2011 7901 7904
60. M. Gabriel, K. Nazmi, E.C. Veerman, A.V.N. Amerongen, and A. Zentner Preparation of LL-37-grafted titanium surfaces with bactericidal activity Bioconjug Chem 17 2006 548 550
61. V. Humblot, J.F. Yala, P. Thébault, K. Boukerna, A. Héquet, and J.M. Berjeau The antibacterial activity of magainin I immobilized onto mixed thiols sel-assembled monolayers Biomaterials 30 2009 503 512
62. J.F. Yala, P. Thebault, A. Héquet, V. Humblot, C.M. Pradier, and J.M. Berjeaud Elaboration of antibiofilm materials by chemical grafting of an antimicrobial peptide Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 89 2011 623 634
63. K. Glinel, A.M. Jonas, T. Jouenne, J. Leprince, and W.T.S. Huck Antibacterial and antifouling polymer brushes incorporating antimicrobial peptide Bioconjug Chem 20 2009 71 77
64. T. Blin, V. Purohit, J. Leprince, T. Jouenne, and K. Glinel Bactericidal microparticles decorated by an antimicrobial peptide for the easy disinfection of sensitive aqueous solutions Biomacromolecules 12 2011 1259 1264
65. G. Gao, D. Lange, K. Hilpert, J. Kindrachuk, Y. Zou, and J.T.J. Cheng The biocompatibility and biofilm resistance of implant coatings based on hydrophilic polymer brushes conjugated with antimicrobial peptides Biomaterials 32 2011 3899 3909
66. X. Laloyaux, E. Fautre, T. Blin, V. Purohit, J. Leprince, and T. Jouenne Temperature-responsive polymer brushes switching from bactericidal to cell-repellent Adv Mater 22 2010 5024 5028
67. C. Vreuls, G. Zocchi, B. Thierry, G. Garitte, S.S. Griesser, and C. Archambeau Prevention of bacterial biofilms by covalent immobilization of peptides onto plasma polymer functionalized substrates J Mater Chem 20 2010 8092 8098
68. A. Héquet, V. Humblot, J.M. Berjeaud, and C.M. Pradier Optimized grafting of antimicrobial peptides on stainless steel surface and biofilm resistance tests Colloids Surf B 84 2011 301 309
69. W.C. Winans, S.C. Fuqua, and E.P. Greenberg Quorum sensing in bacteria: thr LuxR-LuxI family of cell density-responsive transcriptional regulators J Bacteriol 176 1994 269 275
70. L. Passador, and B. Iglewsi Quorum sensing and virulence gene regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa J.A. Toth, C.A. Bolin, K.A. Brogden, F.F. Minion, M.J. Wannemuehler, Virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens 2nd ed. 1995 ASM Press Washington, DC 65 78
71. A. Jayaraman, and T.H. Wood Bacterial quorum sensing signals: signals, circuits, and implications for biofilm and disease Annu Rev Biomed Eng 10 2008 145 167
72. D.G. Davies, M.R. Parsek, J.P. Pearson, B.H. Iglewski, J.W. Costerton, and E.P. Greenberg The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm Science 280 1998 295 298
73. C. Fuqua, and E.P. Greenberg Listening in on bacteria: acyl-homoserine lactone signalling Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3 2002 685 695
74. C.D. Nadell, J.B. Xavier, S.A. Levin, and K.R. Foster The evolution of quorum sensing in bacterial biofilms Plos Biol 6 2008 171 179
75. V. Lazar Quorum sensing in biofilms - how to destroy the bacterial citadels or their cohesion/power? Anaerobe 17 2011 280 285
76. Y.H. Dong, A.R. Gusti, Q. Zhang, J.L. Xu, and L.H. Zhang Identitication of quorum-quenching N-acyl homoserine lactonases from Bacillus species Appl Environ Microbiol 68 2002 1754 1759
77. R. Czajkowski, and S. Jafra Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone-rependent quorum sensing by enzymatic disruption of signal molecules Acta Biochim Pol 56 2009 1 16
78. H.P. Steenackers, J. Levin, J.C. Janssens, A. de Weerdt, J. Balzarini, and J. Vanderleyden Structure-activity relationship of brominated 3-alkyl-5-methylene-2(5H)-furanones and alkylmaleic anhydres as inhibitors of salmonella biofilm formation and quorum sensing regulated bioluminescence in Vibrio harveyi Bioorg Med Chem 18 2010 5224 5233
79. E. Lattmann, D.C. Billington, and C.A. Langley Synthesis of combinatorial libraries of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 2(5H)-furanones. Part two: Construction of library of 4-amino-5-alkoxy-2(5H)-furanones Drug Des Discov 16 1999 243 250
80. R. De Nys, M. Givskov, N. Kumar, S. Kjelleberg, and P.D. Steinberg Furanones Prog Mol Subcell Biol 42 2006 55 86
81. M. Manefield, R. De Nys, N. Kumar, R. Read, M. Givskov, and P. Steinberg Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein Microbiology 145 1999 283 291
82. J.K. Baveja, M.D. Willcox, E.B. Hume, N. Kumar, R. Odell, and L.A. Poole-Warren Furanones as potential anti-bacterial coatings on biomaterials Biomaterials 25 2004 5003 5012
83. R.T. LaLonde, L. Bu, A. Henwood, J. Fiumano, and L. Zhang Bromine-, chlorine-, and mixed halogen-substituted 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanones: synthesis and mutagenic effects of halogen and hydroxyl group replacements Chem Res Toxicol 10 1997 1427 1436
84. T. Janecki, E. Błaszczyk, K. Studzian, M. Rózalski, U. Krajewska, and A. Janecka New stereocontrolled synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-(1′-hydroxyalkyl)-3-methylidenetetrahydro-2-furanones as potential cytotoxic agents J Med Chem 45 2002 1142 1145
85. E.B.H. Hume, J. Baveja, B. Muirf, T.L. Schubert, N. Kumar, and S. Kjelleberg The control of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation and in vivo infection rates by covalently bound furanones Biomaterials 25 2004 5023 5030
86. S.A. Al-Bataineh, R. Luginbuehl, M. Textor, and M. Yan Covalent immobilization of antibacterial furanones via photochemical activation of perfluorophenylazide Langmuir 25 2009 7432 7437
87. S.A. Al-Bataineh, L.G. Britcher, and H.J. Griesser Rapid radiation degradation in the XPS analysis of antibacterial coatings of brominated furanones Surf Interf Anal 38 2006 1512 1518
88. S.A. Al-Bataineh, L.G. Britcher, and H.J. Griesser XPS Characterisation of the surface immobilisation of antibacterial furanones Appl Surf Sci 600 2006 952 962
89. S.A. Al-Bataineh, M. Jasieniak, L.G. Britcher, and H.J. Griesser TOF-SIMS and principal component analysis characterization of the multilayer surface grafting of small molecules: antibacterial furanones Anal Chem 80 2008 430 436
90. E. Piletska, G. Stavroulakis, L.D. Larcombe, M.J. Whitcombe, A. Sharma, and S. Primrose Passive control of quorum sensing: prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by imprinted polymers Biomacromolecules 12 2011 1067 1071
91. S. Burt Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods Int J Food Microbiol 94 2004 223 253
92. S.A. Burt, and R.D. Reinders Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Lett Appl Microbiol 36 2003 162 267
93. L. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. Vargas, C. Gonzalez-Martinez, A. Chiralt, and M. Chafer Use of essential oils in bioactive edible coatings Food Eng Rev 3 2011 1 16
94. C.F. Carson, B.J. Mee, and T.V. Riley Mechanism of action of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil on Staphyloccocus aureus determined by time-kill, lysis, leakage and salt tolerance assays and electron microscopy Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 2002 1914 1920
95. R.J.W. Lambert, P.N. Skandamis, P. Coote, and G.J.E. Nychas A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol J Appl Microbiol 91 2001 453 462
96. I.H.N. Bassole, A.S. Ouattara, R. Nebie, C.A.T. Ouattara, Z.I. Kabore, and S.A. Traore Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of lippie chevalieri and lippie multiflora from Burkina Faso Phytochemistry 62 2003 209 212
97. G. Pintore, M. Usai, P. Bradesi, C. Juliano, G. Boatto, and F. Tomi Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica Flavour Frag J 17 2002 15 19
98. P.S. Shanjani, M. Mirza, M. Calagari, and R.P. Adams Effects drying and harvest season on the essential oil composition from foliage and berries of Juniperus excelsa Ind Crop Prod 32 2010 83 87
99. F. Bakkalia, S. Averbecka, and D. Averbecka Biological effects of essential oils Food Chem Toxicol 46 2008 446 475
100. M. Serrano, D. Martinez-Romero, F. Guillen, J.M. Valverde, P.J. Zapata, and S. Castillo The addition of essential oils to MAP as a tool to maintain the overall quality of fruits Trends Food Sci Technol 19 2008 464 471
101. Y. Pranoto, S.K. Rakshit, and V.M. Salokhe Enhancing antimicrobial activity of chitosan films by incorporating garlic oil, potassium sorbate and nisin Food Sci Technol 38 2005 859 865
102. Y. Pranoto, V.M. Salokhe, and S.K. Rakshit Physical and antibacterial properties of alginate-based edible film incorporated with garlic oil Food Res Int 38 2005 267 272
103. M.A. Rojas-Graü, R.M. Raybaudi-Massilia, R.C. Soliva-Fortuny, R.J. Avana-Bustillos, T.H. McHugh, and O. Martin-Belloso Apple puree-alginate edible coating as carrier of antimicrobial agents to prolong shelf-life of fresh-cut apples Postharvest Biol Technol 45 2007 254 264
104. R.M. Raybaudi-Massilia, J. Mosqueda-Melgar, and O. Martin-Belloso Edible alginate-based coating as carrier of antimicrobials to improve shelf-life and safety of fresh-cut melon Int J Food Microbiol 121 2008 313 327
105. L. Sanchez-Gonzalez, C. Gonzalez-Martinez, A. Chiralt, and M. Chafer Physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan-tea tree essential oil composite films J Food Eng 98 2010 443 452
106. L. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. Chafer, A. Chiralt, and C. Gonzalez-Martinez Physical properties of chitosan films containing bergamot essential oil and their inhibitory action on Penicilium italicum Carbohydr Polym 82 2010 277 283
107. P. Suppakul, K. Sonneveld, S.W. Bigger, and J. Miltz Loss of AM additives from antimicrobial films during storage J Food Eng 105 2011 270 276
108. A. Guarda, J.F. Rubilar, J. Miltz, and M.J. Galotto The antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated thymol and carvacrol Int J Food Microbiol 146 2011 144 150
109. W. Aehle Enzymes in industry: production and applications 3rd ed. 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim
110. C. Leroy, C. Delbarre, F. Ghillebaert, C. Compere, and D. Combes Effects of commercial enzymes on the adhesion of a marine biofilm-forming bacterium Biofouling 24 2008 11 22
111. I. Schneider, and K. Allermann Enzymes and biopaints - a sea change in marine coatings Asia Pac Coat J 2003 42 43
112. K. Kamino Novel barnacle underwater adhesive protein is a charged amino acid-rich protein constituted by a Cys-rich repetitive sequence Biochem J 356 2001 503 507
113. S.M. Olsen, L.T. Pedersen, M.H. Laursen, S. Kiil, and K. Dam-Johansen Enzyme-based antifouling coatings: a review Biofouling 23 2007 369 383
114. Wever R, Dekker LH, Van Schijndel JWPM, Vollenbroek EGM. PCT application. World patent WO95/27009; 1994.
115. S. Dobretsov, H. Xiong, Y. Xu, L.A. Levin, and P.Y. Qian Novel antifoulants: inhibition of larval attachment by proteases Marine Biotech 7 9 2007 388 397
116. P.N. Danese Antibiofilm approaches: prevention of catheter colonization Chem Biol 9 2002 873 880
117. A.G. Gristina, P. Naylor, and Q. Myrvik Infections from biomaterials and implants: a race for the surface Med Prog Technol 14 1988 205 224
118. J.B. Kristensen, R.L. Meyer, B.S. Laursen, S. Shipovskov, F. Besenbacher, and C.H. Poulsen Antifouling enzymes and the biochemistry of marine settlement Biotechnol Adv 26 2008 471 481
119. N. Aldred, I.Y. Phang, S.L. Conlan, A.S. Clare, and G.J. Vaneso The effects of a serine protease, Alcalase®, on the adhesives of barnacle cyprids (Balanus amphitrite) Biofouling 24 2008 97 107
120. N.D. Rawlings, F.R. Morton, and A.J. Barett EROPS: the peptidase database Nucleic Acids Res 34 2006 D270 D272
121. Moss G. Enzyme nomenclature. Typton KF, Boyce S, London; 2006. Online edition < http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/index.html > [12.10.2011].
122. J.A. Callow, M.S. Stanley, R. Wetherbee, and M.E. Callow Cellular and molecular approaches to understanding primary adhesion in Enteromorpha: an overview Biofouling 16 2000 141 150
123. M.E. Pettitt, S.L. Henry, M.E. Callow, J.A. Callow, and A.S. Clare Activity of commercial enzymes on settlement and adhesion of Cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, spores of the green alga Ulva linza, and the diatom Navicula perminuta Biofouling 20 2004 299 311
124. A. Boyd, and A.M. Chakrabarty Role of alginate lyase in cell detachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Appl Environ Microbiol 60 1994 2355 2359
125. P. Krug Defence of benthic invertebrates against surface colonization by larvae; a chemical arms race Prog Mol Subcell Biol 42 2006 1 53
126. J. Wojtowics Dichlorine monoxide, hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite N.J. Hoboken, Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology 5th ed. 2002 Wiley New York 544 581
127. Hamade R, Yamamori N. Method for controlled release of compounds having anti-microbial activity, and coating composition. US patent 6150146. 2000.
128. I. Banerjee, R.C. Pangule, and R.S. Kane Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms Adv Mater 23 2011 690 718
129. J.B. Kristensen, S.M. Olsen, B.S. Laursen, K.M. Kragh, C.H. Poulsen, and F. Besenbacher Enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide shows promising antifouling effect Biofouling 26 2010 141 153
130. C.Z. Dinu, G. Zhu, S.S. Bale, G. Anand, P.J. Reeder, and K. Sanford Enzyme-based nanoscale composites for use as active decontamination surfaces Adv Funct Mater 20 2010 392 398
131. Bonaventura C, Bonaventura J, Hooper IR. Anti-fouling methods using enzyme coatings. US patent 5998 200; 1991.
132. S. Yuan, D. Wan, B. Liang, S.O. Pehkonen, Y.P. Ting, and K.G. Neoh Lysosyme-coupled poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-stainless steel hybrids and their antifouling and antibacterial surfaces Langmuir 27 2011 2761 2774
133. A.K. Muszanska, H.J. Busscher, A. Herrmann, H.C. van der Mai, and W. Norde Pluronic-lysosyme conjugates as anti-adhesive and antibacterial bifunctional polymers for surface coating Biomaterials 32 2011 6333 6341
134. M. Minier, M. Salmain, N. Yacoubi, L. Barbes, C. Méthivier, and S. Zanna Covalent immobilization of lysozyme on stainless steel. Interface spectroscopic characterization and measurement of enzymatic activity Langmuir 21 2005 5957 5965
135. A. Caro, V. Humblot, C. Méthivier, M. Minier, M. Salmain, and C.M. Pradier Grafting of lysozyme and/or poly(ethylene glycol) to prevent biofilm growth on stainless steel surfaces J Phys Chem B 113 2009 2101 2109
136. A. Caro, V. Humblot, M. Minier, L. Barbes, J. Li, and M. Salmain Bioengineering of stainless steel surface by covalent immobilisation of enzymes. Physical characterisation and interfacial enzymatic activity J Coll Interf Sci 349 2010 13 18
137. M. Ghasemi, M.J. Minier, M. Tatoulian, M.M. Chehimi, and F. Arefi-Khonsari Ammonia plasma treated polyethylene films for adsorption or covalent immobilization of trypsin: quantitative correlation between X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and enzyme activity J Phys Chem B 115 2011 10228 10238
138. M. Tasso, A.L. Cordeiro, K. Salchert, and C. Werner Covalent immobilization of subtilisin A onto thin films of maleic anhydride copolymers Macromol Biosci 9 2009 922 929
139. A.L. Cordeiro, C. Hippius, and C. Werner Immobilized enzymes affect biofilm formation Biotechnol Lett 33 2011 1897 1904
140. M. Tasso, M.E. Pettitt, A.L. Cordeiro, M.E. Callow, J.A. Callow, and C. Werner Antifouling potential of Subtilisin A immobilized onto of maleic anhydride copolymer thin films Biofouling 25 2009 505 516
141. P. Asuri, S.S. Karajanagi, R.S. Kane, and J.S. Dordick Polymer-nanotube-enzyme composites as active antifouling films Small 3 2007 50 53
142. R.C. Pangule, S.J. Brooks, C.Z. Dinu, S.S. Bale, S.L. Salmon, and G. Zhu Antistaphylococcal nanocomposite films based on enzymes-nanotube conjugates ACS Nano 4 2010 3993 4000
143. P.B. Messersmith, and M. Textor Enzymes on nanotubes thwart fouling Nat Nanotech 2 2007 138 139
144. K. Anselme, P. Davidson, A.M. Popa, M. Giazzon, M. Liley, and L. Ploux The interactions of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometer scale Acta Biomater 6 2010 3824 3846
145. L. Ploux, A. Ponche, and K. Anselme Bacteria/material interfaces: tole of the material and cell wall properties J Adhes Sci Technol 24 2010 2165 2201
146. R.L. Taylor, J. Verran, G.C. Lees, and A.J.P. Ward The influence of substratum topography on bacterial adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate J Mater Sci Mater Med 9 1998 17 22
147. K.A. Whiteheada, J. Colligon, and J. Verran Retention of microbial cells in substratum surface features of micrometer and sub-micrometer dimensions Colloid Surf B 41 2005 129 138
148. Y.H. An, and R.J. Friedman Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces J Biomed Mater Res 43 1998 338 348
149. N. Hosoya, K. Honda, F. Iino, and T. Arai Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching J Dentistry 31 2003 543 548
150. C. Faille, J.M. Membre, J.P. Ussier, M.N. Bellon-Fontaine, B. Carpentier, and M.A. Laroche Influence of physicochemical properties on the hygienic status of stainless steel with various finishes Biofouling 15 2000 261 274
151. M. Salta, J.A. Wharton, P. Stoodley, S.P. Dennington, L.R. Goodes, and S. Werwinsky Designing biomimetic antifouling surfaces Philos Trans R Soc A 368 2010 4729 4754
152. Y.L. Peng, C.G. Lin, and L. Wang The preliminary study on antifouling mechanism of shark skin Adv Mater Res 79-82 2009 977 980
153. C. Baum, W. Meyer, R. Stelzer, L.G. Fleischer, and D. Siebers Average nanorough skin surface of the pilot whale (Glibicephala melas, Delphinidae): considerations on the self-cleaning abilities based on nanoroughness Mar Biol 140 2002 653 657
154. A. Allion, J.P. Baron, and L. Boulange-Petermann Impact of surface energy and roughness on cell distribution and viability Biofouling 22 2006 269 278
155. K.K. Chung, J.F. Schumacher, E.M. Sampson, E.M. Burne, P.J. Antonelli, and A.B. Brennan Impact of engineered surface topography on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus Biointerphases 2 2007 89 94