Factors Regulating Pluripotency and Differentiation in Early Mammalian Embryos and Embryo-derived Stem Cells

Vitamins and Hormones

Volumn 87, Issue , 2011, Pages 1-37

  Suwinska, Aneta ^a   Ciemerych, Maria A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

Author keywords

Differentiation; Embryo; Epiblast; ES cells; Human; Mouse; Pluripotency; Trophectoderm

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857132318     PISSN: 00836729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386015-6.00022-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (194)

1. Anneren C., Cowan C.A., Melton D.A. The Src family of tyrosine kinases is important for embryonic stem cell self-renewal. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:31590-31598.
2. Arman E., Haffner-Krausz R., Chen Y., Heath J.K., Lonai P. Targeted disruption of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 suggests a role for FGF signaling in pregastrulation mammalian development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:5082-5087.
3. Armstrong L., Hughes O., Yung S., Hyslop L., Stewart R., Wappler I., Peters H., Walter T., Stojkovic P., Evans J., Stojkovic M., Lako M. The role of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK and NFkappabeta signalling in the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and viability highlighted by transcriptional profiling and functional analysis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2006, 15:1894-1913.
4. Artus J., Piliszek A., Hadjantonakis A.K. The primitive endoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst: Sequential transcription factor activation and regulation of differentiation by Sox17. Dev. Biol. 2011, 350:393-404.
5. Avilion A.A., Nicolis S.K., Pevny L.H., Perez L., Vivian N., Lovell-Badge R. Multipotent cell lineages in early mouse development depend on SOX2 function. Genes Dev. 2003, 17:126-140.
6. Babaie Y., Herwig R., Greber B., Brink T.C., Wruck W., Groth D., Lehrach H., Burdon T., Adjaye J. Analysis of Oct4-dependent transcriptional networks regulating self-renewal and pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2007, 25:500-510.
7. Bao S., Tang F., Li X., Hayashi K., Gillich A., Lao K., Surani M.A. Epigenetic reversion of post-implantation epiblast to pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Nature 2009, 461:1292-1295.
8. Beddington R.S., Robertson E.J. An assessment of the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells in the midgestation mouse embryo. Development 1989, 105:733-737.
9. Behringer R.R., Wakamiya M., Tsang T.E., Tam P.P. A flattened mouse embryo: Leveling the playing field. Genesis 2000, 28:23-30.
10. Bendall S.C., Stewart M.H., Menendez P., George D., Vijayaragavan K., Werbowetski-Ogilvie T., Ramos-Mejia V., Rouleau A., Yang J., Bosse M., Lajoie G., Bhatia M. IGF and FGF cooperatively establish the regulatory stem cell niche of pluripotent human cells in vitro. Nature 2007, 448:1015-1021.
11. Berg D.K., Smith C.S., Pearton D.J., Wells D.N., Broadhurst R., Donnison M., Pfeffer P.L. Trophectoderm lineage determination in cattle. Dev. Cell 2011, 20:244-255.
12. Bock C., Kiskinis E., Verstappen G., Gu H., Boulting G., Smith Z.D., Ziller M., Croft G.F., Amoroso M.W., Oakley D.H., Gnirke A., Eggan K., et al. Reference Maps of human ES and iPS cell variation enable high-throughput characterization of pluripotent cell lines. Cell 2011, 144:439-452.
13. Bourillot P.Y., Aksoy I., Schreiber V., Wianny F., Schulz H., Hummel O., Hubner N., Savatier P. Novel STAT3 target genes exert distinct roles in the inhibition of mesoderm and endoderm differentiation in cooperation with Nanog. Stem Cells 2009, 27:1760-1771.
14. Boyer L.A., Lee T.I., Cole M.F., Johnstone S.E., Levine S.S., Zucker J.P., Guenther M.G., Kumar R.M., Murray H.L., Jenner R.G., Gifford D.K., Melton D.A., et al. Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells. Cell 2005, 122:947-956.
15. Brons I.G., Smithers L.E., Trotter M.W., Rugg-Gunn P., Sun B., de Sousa Chuva, Lopes S.M., Howlett S.K., Clarkson A., Ahrlund-Richter L., Pedersen R.A., Vallier L. Derivation of pluripotent epiblast stem cells from mammalian embryos. Nature 2007, 448:191-195.
16. Brook F.A., Gardner R.L. The origin and efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells in the mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94:5709-5712.
17. Buehr M., Meek S., Blair K., Yang J., Ure J., Silva J., McLay R., Hall J., Ying Q.L., Smith A. Capture of authentic embryonic stem cells from rat blastocysts. Cell 2008, 135:1287-1298.
18. Burdon T., Stracey C., Chambers I., Nichols J., Smith A. Suppression of SHP-2 and ERK signalling promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Dev. Biol. 1999, 210:30-43.
19. Canham M.A., Sharov A.A., Ko M.S., Brickman J.M. Functional heterogeneity of embryonic stem cells revealed through translational amplification of an early endodermal transcript. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000379.
20. Catena R., Tiveron C., Ronchi A., Porta S., Ferri A., Tatangelo L., Cavallaro M., Favaro R., Ottolenghi S., Reinbold R., Scholer H., Nicolis S.K. Conserved POU binding DNA sites in the Sox2 upstream enhancer regulate gene expression in embryonic and neural stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:41846-41857.
21. Cauffman G., Van de Velde H., Liebaers I., Van Steirteghem A. Oct-4 mRNA and protein expression during human preimplantation development. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2005, 11:173-181.
22. Chambers I., Colby D., Robertson M., Nichols J., Lee S., Tweedie S., Smith A. Functional expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells. Cell 2003, 113:643-655.
23. Chambers I., Silva J., Colby D., Nichols J., Nijmeijer B., Robertson M., Vrana J., Jones K., Grotewold L., Smith A. Nanog safeguards pluripotency and mediates germline development. Nature 2007, 450:1230-1234.
24. Chazaud C., Rossant J. Disruption of early proximodistal patterning and AVE formation in Apc mutants. Development 2006, 133:3379-3387.
25. Chazaud C., Yamanaka Y., Pawson T., Rossant J. Early lineage segregation between epiblast and primitive endoderm in mouse blastocysts through the Grb2-MAPK pathway. Dev. Cell 2006, 10:615-624.
26. Cheng A.M., Saxton T.M., Sakai R., Kulkarni S., Mbamalu G., Vogel W., Tortorice C.G., Cardiff R.D., Cross J.C., Muller W.J., Pawson T. Mammalian Grb2 regulates multiple steps in embryonic development and malignant transformation. Cell 1998, 95:793-803.
27. Chenoweth J.G., McKay R.D., Tesar P.J. Epiblast stem cells contribute new insight into pluripotency and gastrulation. Dev. Growth Differ. 2010, 52:293-301.
28. Chew J.L., Loh Y.H., Zhang W., Chen X., Tam W.L., Yeap L.S., Li P., Ang Y.S., Lim B., Robson P., Ng H.H. Reciprocal transcriptional regulation of Pou5f1 and Sox2 via the Oct4/Sox2 complex in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25:6031-6046.
29. Daheron L., Opitz S.L., Zaehres H., Lensch M.W., Andrews P.W., Itskovitz-Eldor J., Daley G.Q. LIF/STAT3 signaling fails to maintain self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2004, 22:770-778.
30. Dailey L., Ambrosetti D., Mansukhani A., Basilico C. Mechanisms underlying differential responses to FGF signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005, 16:233-247.
31. Dang D.T., Pevsner J., Yang V.W. The biology of the mammalian Kruppel-like family of transcription factors. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2000, 32:1103-1121.
32. Degrelle S.A., Campion E., Cabau C., Piumi F., Reinaud P., Richard C., Renard J.P., Hue I. Molecular evidence for a critical period in mural trophoblast development in bovine blastocysts. Dev. Biol. 2005, 288:448-460.
33. Dietrich J.E., Hiiragi T. Stochastic patterning in the mouse pre-implantation embryo. Development 2007, 134:4219-4231.
34. Ding V.M., Ling L., Natarajan S., Yap M.G., Cool S.M., Choo A.B. FGF-2 modulates Wnt signaling in undifferentiated hESC and iPS cells through activated PI3-K/GSK3beta signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 2010, 225:417-428.
35. Doetschman T.C., Eistetter H., Katz M., Schmidt W., Kemler R. The in vitro development of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: Formation of visceral yolk sac, blood islands and myocardium. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1985, 87:27-45.
36. Dravid G., Ye Z., Hammond H., Chen G., Pyle A., Donovan P., Yu X., Cheng L. Defining the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the survival, proliferation, and self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2005, 23:1489-1501.
37. du Puy L., Lopes S.M., Haagsman H.P., Roelen B.A. Analysis of co-expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 in pluripotent cells of the porcine embryo, in vivo and in vitro. Theriogenology 2011, 75:513-526.
38. Dvorak P., Dvorakova D., Koskova S., Vodinska M., Najvirtova M., Krekac D., Hampl A. Expression and potential role of fibroblast growth factor 2 and its receptors in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2005, 23:1200-1211.
39. Eggan K., Akutsu H., Loring J., Jackson-Grusby L., Klemm M., Rideout W.M., Yanagimachi R., Jaenisch R. Hybrid vigor, fetal overgrowth, and viability of mice derived by nuclear cloning and tetraploid embryo complementation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:6209-6214.
40. Eiselleova L., Matulka K., Kriz V., Kunova M., Schmidtova Z., Neradil J., Tichy B., Dvorakova D., Pospisilova S., Hampl A., Dvorak P. A complex role for FGF-2 in self-renewal, survival, and adhesion of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27:1847-1857.
41. Elling U., Klasen C., Eisenberger T., Anlag K., Treier M. Murine inner cell mass-derived lineages depend on Sall4 function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:16319-16324.
42. Ema M., Mori D., Niwa H., Hasegawa Y., Yamanaka Y., Hitoshi S., Mimura J., Kawabe Y., Hosoya T., Morita M., Shimosato D., Uchida K., et al. Kruppel-like factor 5 is essential for blastocyst development and the normal self-renewal of mouse ESCs. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 3:555-567.
43. Enders A.C., Carter A.M. What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us?-A review. Placenta 2004, 25(Suppl. A):S3-S9.
44. Ernst M., Gearing D.P., Dunn A.R. Functional and biochemical association of Hck with the LIF/IL-6 receptor signal transducing subunit gp130 in embryonic stem cells. EMBO J. 1994, 13:1574-1584.
45. Evans M.J., Kaufman M.H. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 1981, 292:154-156.
46. Feldman B., Poueymirou W., Papaioannou V.E., DeChiara T.M., Goldfarb M. Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development. Science 1995, 267:246-249.
47. Fleming T.P., Papenbrock T., Fesenko I., Hausen P., Sheth B. Assembly of tight junctions during early vertebrate development. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2000, 11:291-299.
48. Furue M.K., Na J., Jackson J.P., Okamoto T., Jones M., Baker D., Hata R., Moore H.D., Sato J.D., Andrews P.W. Heparin promotes the growth of human embryonic stem cells in a defined serum-free medium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:13409-13414.
49. Furusawa T., Ohkoshi K., Honda C., Takahashi S., Tokunaga T. Embryonic stem cells expressing both platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 differentiate predominantly into epiblast cells in a chimeric embryo. Biol. Reprod. 2004, 70:1452-1457.
50. Gardner R.L., Rossant J. Investigation of the fate of 4-5 day post-coitum mouse inner cell mass cells by blastocyst injection. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1979, 52:141-152.
51. Goldin S.N., Papaioannou V.E. Paracrine action of FGF4 during periimplantation development maintains trophectoderm and primitive endoderm. Genesis 2003, 36:40-47.
52. Greber B., Lehrach H., Adjaye J. Fibroblast growth factor 2 modulates transforming growth factor beta signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human ESCs (hESCs) to support hESC self-renewal. Stem Cells 2007, 25:455-464.
53. Greber B., Lehrach H., Adjaye J. Control of early fate decisions in human ES cells by distinct states of TGFbeta pathway activity. Stem Cells Dev. 2008, 17:1065-1077.
54. Greber B., Wu G., Bernemann C., Joo J.Y., Han D.W., Ko K., Tapia N., Sabour D., Sterneckert J., Tesar P., Scholer H.R. Conserved and divergent roles of FGF signaling in mouse epiblast stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2010, 6:215-226.
55. Guo G., Yang J., Nichols J., Hall J.S., Eyres I., Mansfield W., Smith A. Klf4 reverts developmentally programmed restriction of ground state pluripotency. Development 2009, 136:1063-1069.
56. Guo G., Huss M., Tong G.Q., Wang C., Li Sun L., Clarke N.D., Robson P. Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. Dev. Cell 2010, 18:675-685.
57. Hadari Y.R., Gotoh N., Kouhara H., Lax I., Schlessinger J. Critical role for the docking-protein FRS2 alpha in FGF receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:8578-8583.
58. Hall J., Guo G., Wray J., Eyres I., Nichols J., Grotewold L., Morfopoulou S., Humphreys P., Mansfield W., Walker R., Tomlinson S., Smith A. Oct4 and LIF/Stat3 additively induce Kruppel factors to sustain embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2009, 5:597-609.
59. Han D.W., Tapia N., Joo J.Y., Greber B., Arauzo-Bravo M.J., Bernemann C., Ko K., Wu G., Stehling M., Do J.T., Scholer H.R. Epiblast stem cell subpopulations represent mouse embryos of distinct pregastrulation stages. Cell 2010, 143:617-627.
60. Hanna J.H., Saha K., Jaenisch R. Pluripotency and cellular reprogramming: Facts, hypotheses, unresolved issues. Cell 2010, 143:508-525.
61. Hansis C., Grifo J.A., Krey L.C. Oct-4 expression in inner cell mass and trophectoderm of human blastocysts. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2000, 6:999-1004.
62. Harvey A.J., Armant D.R., Bavister B.D., Nichols S.M., Brenner C.A. Inner cell mass localization of NANOG precedes OCT3/4 in rhesus monkey blastocysts. Stem Cells Dev. 2009, 18:1451-1458.
63. Hayashi K., Lopes S.M., Tang F., Surani M.A. Dynamic equilibrium and heterogeneity of mouse pluripotent stem cells with distinct functional and epigenetic states. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 3:391-401.
64. Home P., Ray S., Dutta D., Bronshteyn I., Larson M., Paul S. GATA3 is selectively expressed in the trophectoderm of peri-implantation embryo and directly regulates Cdx2 gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:28729-28737.
65. Hough S.R., Clements I., Welch P.J., Wiederholt K.A. Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells after RNA interference-mediated silencing of OCT4 and Nanog. Stem Cells 2006, 24:1467-1475.
66. Humpherys D., Eggan K., Akutsu H., Hochedlinger K., Rideout W.M., Biniszkiewicz D., Yanagimachi R., Jaenisch R. Epigenetic instability in ES cells and cloned mice. Science 2001, 293:95-97.
67. Humphrey R.K., Beattie G.M., Lopez A.D., Bucay N., King C.C., Firpo M.T., Rose-John S., Hayek A. Maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells is STAT3 independent. Stem Cells 2004, 22:522-530.
68. James D., Levine A.J., Besser D., Hemmati-Brivanlou A. TGFbeta/activin/nodal signaling is necessary for the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells. Development 2005, 132:1273-1282.
69. Jedrusik A., Parfitt D.E., Guo G., Skamagki M., Grabarek J.B., Johnson M.H., Robson P., Zernicka-Goetz M. Role of Cdx2 and cell polarity in cell allocation and specification of trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 2008, 22:2692-2706.
70. Jedrusik A., Bruce A.W., Tan M.H., Leong D.E., Skamagki M., Yao M., Zernicka-Goetz M. Maternally and zygotically provided Cdx2 have novel and critical roles for early development of the mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 2010, 344:66-78.
71. Jiang J., Chan Y.S., Loh Y.H., Cai J., Tong G.Q., Lim C.A., Robson P., Zhong S., Ng H.H. A core Klf circuitry regulates self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008, 10:353-360.
72. Johnson W.H., Loskutoff N.M., Plante Y., Betteridge K.J. Production of four identical calves by the separation of blastomeres from an in vitro derived four-cell embryo. Vet. Rec. 1995, 137:15-16.
73. Kalmar T., Lim C., Hayward P., Munoz-Descalzo S., Nichols J., Garcia-Ojalvo J., Martinez Arias A. Regulated fluctuations in nanog expression mediate cell fate decisions in embryonic stem cells. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7:e1000149.
74. Kanai-Azuma M., Kanai Y., Gad J.M., Tajima Y., Taya C., Kurohmaru M., Sanai Y., Yonekawa H., Yazaki K., Tam P.P., Hayashi Y. Depletion of definitive gut endoderm in Sox17-null mutant mice. Development 2002, 129:2367-2379.
75. Kaufman M.H. The Atlas of Mouse Development 1992, Academic Press Ltd, London.
76. Keramari M., Razavi J., Ingman K.A., Patsch C., Edenhofer F., Ward C.M., Kimber S.J. Sox2 is essential for formation of trophectoderm in the preimplantation embryo. PLoS One 2010, 5:e13952.
77. Kidder B.L., Palmer S., Knott J.G. SWI/SNF-Brg1 regulates self-renewal and occupies core pluripotency-related genes in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27:317-328.
78. Kimber S.J., Sneddon S.F., Bloor D.J., El-Bareg A.M., Hawkhead J.A., Metcalfe A.D., Houghton F.D., Leese H.J., Rutherford A., Lieberman B.A., Brison D.R. Expression of genes involved in early cell fate decisions in human embryos and their regulation by growth factors. Reproduction 2008, 135:635-647.
79. Kirchhof N., Carnwath J.W., Lemme E., Anastassiadis K., Scholer H., Niemann H. Expression pattern of Oct-4 in preimplantation embryos of different species. Biol. Reprod. 2000, 63:1698-1705.
80. Kiyonari H., Kaneko M., Abe S., Aizawa S. Three inhibitors of FGF receptor, ERK, and GSK3 establishes germline-competent embryonic stem cells of C57BL/6N mouse strain with high efficiency and stability. Genesis 2010, 48:317-327.
81. Koutsourakis M., Langeveld A., Patient R., Beddington R., Grosveld F. The transcription factor GATA6 is essential for early extraembryonic development. Development 1999, 126:723-732.
82. Kuijk E.W., Du Puy L., Van Tol H.T., Oei C.H., Haagsman H.P., Colenbrander B., Roelen B.A. Differences in early lineage segregation between mammals. Dev. Dyn. 2008, 237:918-927.
83. Kunath T., Arnaud D., Uy G.D., Okamoto I., Chureau C., Yamanaka Y., Heard E., Gardner R.L., Avner P., Rossant J. Imprinted X-inactivation in extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines from mouse blastocysts. Development 2005, 132:1649-1661.
84. Kunath T., Saba-El-Leil M.K., Almousailleakh M., Wray J., Meloche S., Smith A. FGF stimulation of the Erk1/2 signalling cascade triggers transition of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from self-renewal to lineage commitment. Development 2007, 134:2895-2902.
85. Kurimoto K., Yabuta Y., Ohinata Y., Ono Y., Uno K.D., Yamada R.G., Ueda H.R., Saitou M. An improved single-cell cDNA amplification method for efficient high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006, 34:e42.
86. Kuroda T., Tada M., Kubota H., Kimura H., Hatano S.Y., Suemori H., Nakatsuji N., Tada T. Octamer and Sox elements are required for transcriptional cis regulation of Nanog gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25:2475-2485.
87. Levenstein M.E., Ludwig T.E., Xu R.H., Llanas R.A., VanDenHeuvel-Kramer K., Manning D., Thomson J.A. Basic fibroblast growth factor support of human embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Stem Cells 2006, 24:568-574.
88. Levine A.J., Brivanlou A.H. GDF3, a BMP inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos. Development 2006, 133:209-216.
89. Li J., Wang G., Wang C., Zhao Y., Zhang H., Tan Z., Song Z., Ding M., Deng H. MEK/ERK signaling contributes to the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Differentiation 2007, 75:299-307.
90. Li C., Yang Y., Gu J., Ma Y., Jin Y. Derivation and transcriptional profiling analysis of pluripotent stem cell lines from rat blastocysts. Cell Res. 2008, 19:173-186.
91. Li P., Tong C., Mehrian-Shai R., Jia L., Wu N., Yan Y., Maxson R.E., Schulze E.N., Song H., Hsieh C.L., Pera M.F., Ying Q.L. Germline competent embryonic stem cells derived from rat blastocysts. Cell 2008, 135:1299-1310.
92. Lin S.C., Wani M.A., Whitsett J.A., Wells J.M. Klf5 regulates lineage formation in the pre-implantation mouse embryo. Development 2010, 137:3953-3963.
93. Loh Y.H., Wu Q., Chew J.L., Vega V.B., Zhang W., Chen X., Bourque G., George J., Leong B., Liu J., Wong K.Y., Sung K.W., et al. The Oct4 and Nanog transcription network regulates pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat. Genet. 2006, 38:431-440.
94. Lu C.W., Yabuuchi A., Chen L., Viswanathan S., Kim K., Daley G.Q. Ras-MAPK signaling promotes trophectoderm formation from embryonic stem cells and mouse embryos. Nat. Genet. 2008, 40:921-926.
95. Maherali N., Sridharan R., Xie W., Utikal J., Eminli S., Arnold K., Stadtfeld M., Yachechko R., Tchieu J., Jaenisch R., Plath K., Hochedlinger K. Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell 2007, 1:55-70.
96. Martin G.R. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1981, 78:7634-7638.
97. Matsuda T., Nakamura T., Nakao K., Arai T., Katsuki M., Heike T., Yokota T. STAT3 activation is sufficient to maintain an undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells. EMBO J. 1999, 18:4261-4269.
98. McConnell B.B., Ghaleb A.M., Nandan M.O., Yang V.W. The diverse functions of Kruppel-like factors 4 and 5 in epithelial biology and pathobiology. Bioessays 2007, 29:549-557.
99. McConnell J., Petrie L., Stennard F., Ryan K., Nichols J. Eomesodermin isexpressed inmouse oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. Mol. Reprod.Dev. 2005, 71:399-404.
100. Meilhac S.M., Adams R.J., Morris S.A., Danckaert A., Le Garrec J.F., Zernicka-Goetz M. Active cell movements coupled to positional induction are involved in lineage segregation in the mouse blastocyst. Dev. Biol. 2009, 331:210-221.
101. Meissner A., Wernig M., Jaenisch R. Direct reprogramming of genetically unmodified fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 2007, 25:1177-1181.
102. Messerschmidt D.M., Kemler R. Nanog is required for primitive endoderm formation through a non-cell autonomous mechanism. Dev. Biol. 2010, 344:129-137.
103. Mitsui K., Tokuzawa Y., Itoh H., Segawa K., Murakami M., Takahashi K., Maruyama M., Maeda M., Yamanaka S. The homeoprotein Nanog is required for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse epiblast and ES cells. Cell 2003, 113:631-642.
104. Moore N.W., Adams C.E., Rowson L.E. Developmental potential of single blastomeres of the rabbit egg. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1968, 17:527-531.
105. Morris S.A., Teo R.T., Li H., Robson P., Glover D.M., Zernicka-Goetz M. Origin and formation of the first two distinct cell types of the inner cell mass in the mouse embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107:6364-6369.
106. Morrisey E.E., Tang Z., Sigrist K., Lu M.M., Jiang F., Ip H.S., Parmacek M.S. GATA6 regulates HNF4 and is required for differentiation of visceral endoderm in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 1998, 12:3579-3590.
107. Nagy A., Gocza E., Diaz E.M., Prideaux V.R., Ivanyi E., Markkula M., Rossant J. Embryonic stem cells alone are able to support fetal development in the mouse. Development 1990, 110:815-821.
108. Nagy A., Rossant J., Nagy R., Abramow-Newerly W., Roder J.C. Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90:8424-8428.
109. Najm F.J., Chenoweth J.G., Anderson P.D., Nadeau J.H., Redline R.W., McKay R.D., Tesar P.J. Isolation of epiblast stem cells from preimplantation mouse embryos. Cell Stem Cell 2011, 8:318-325.
110. Nakatake Y., Fukui N., Iwamatsu Y., Masui S., Takahashi K., Yagi R., Yagi K., Miyazaki J., Matoba R., Ko M.S., Niwa H. Klf4 cooperates with Oct3/4 and Sox2 to activate the Lefty1 core promoter in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:7772-7782.
111. Newman A.M., Cooper J.B. Lab-specific gene expression signatures in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2010, 7:258-262.
112. Ng R.K., Dean W., Dawson C., Lucifero D., Madeja Z., Reik W., Hemberger M. Epigenetic restriction of embryonic cell lineage fate by methylation of Elf5. Nat. Cell Biol. 2008, 10:1280-1290.
113. Niakan K.K., Ji H., Maehr R., Vokes S.A., Rodolfa K.T., Sherwood R.I., Yamaki M., Dimos J.T., Chen A.E., Melton D.A., McMahon A.P., Eggan K. Sox17 promotes differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells by directly regulating extraembryonic gene expression and indirectly antagonizing self-renewal. Genes Dev. 2010, 24:312-326.
114. Nichols J., Smith A. Naive and primed pluripotent states. Cell Stem Cell 2009, 4:487-492.
115. Nichols J., Evans E.P., Smith A.G. Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. Development 1990, 110:1341-1348.
116. Nichols J., Zevnik B., Anastassiadis K., Niwa H., Klewe-Nebenius D., Chambers I., Scholer H., Smith A. Formation of pluripotent stem cells in the mammalian embryo depends on the POU transcription factor Oct4. Cell 1998, 95:379-391.
117. Nichols J., Silva J., Roode M., Smith A. Suppression of Erk signalling promotes ground state pluripotency in the mouse embryo. Development 2009, 136:3215-3222.
118. Nishioka N., Yamamoto S., Kiyonari H., Sato H., Sawada A., Ota M., Nakao K., Sasaki H. Tead4 is required for specification of trophectoderm in pre-implantation mouse embryos. Mech. Dev. 2008, 125:270-283.
119. Nishioka N., Inoue K., Adachi K., Kiyonari H., Ota M., Ralston A., Yabuta N., Hirahara S., Stephenson R.O., Ogonuki N., Makita R., Kurihara H., et al. The Hippo signaling pathway components Lats and Yap pattern Tead4 activity to distinguish mouse trophectoderm from inner cell mass. Dev. Cell 2009, 16:398-410.
120. Niwa H. How is pluripotency determined and maintained?. Development 2007, 134:635-646.
121. Niwa H., Burdon T., Chambers I., Smith A. Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of STAT3. Genes Dev. 1998, 12:2048-2060.
122. Niwa H., Miyazaki J., Smith A.G. Quantitative expression of Oct-3/4 defines differentiation, dedifferentiation or self-renewal of ES cells. Nat. Genet. 2000, 24:372-376.
123. Niwa H., Toyooka Y., Shimosato D., Strumpf D., Takahashi K., Yagi R., Rossant J. Interaction between Oct3/4 and Cdx2 determines trophectoderm differentiation. Cell 2005, 123:917-929.
124. Niwa H., Ogawa K., Shimosato D., Adachi K. A parallel circuit of LIF signalling pathways maintains pluripotency of mouse ES cells. Nature 2009, 460:118-122.
125. Okumura-Nakanishi S., Saito M., Niwa H., Ishikawa F. Oct-3/4 and Sox2 regulate Oct-3/4 gene in embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:5307-5317.
126. Ooi S.K., Wolf D., Hartung O., Agarwal S., Daley G.Q., Goff S.P., Bestor T.H. Dynamic instability of genomic methylation patterns in pluripotent stem cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2010, 3:17.
127. Paling N.R., Wheadon H., Bone H.K., Welham M.J. Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal by phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:48063-48070.
128. Palmieri S.L., Peter W., Hess H., Scholer H.R. Oct-4 transcription factor is differentially expressed in the mouse embryo during establishment of the first two extraembryonic cell lineages involved in implantation. Dev. Biol. 1994, 166:259-267.
129. Pera M.F., Andrade J., Houssami S., Reubinoff B., Trounson A., Stanley E.G., Ward-van Oostwaard D., Mummery C. Regulation of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by BMP-2 and its antagonist noggin. J. Cell Sci. 2004, 117:1269-1280.
130. Plusa B., Frankenberg S., Chalmers A., Hadjantonakis A.K., Moore C.A., Papalopulu N., Papaioannou V.E., Glover D.M., Zernicka-Goetz M. Downregulation of Par3 and aPKC function directs cells towards the ICM in the preimplantation mouse embryo. J. Cell Sci. 2005, 118:505-515.
131. Plusa B., Piliszek A., Frankenberg S., Artus J., Hadjantonakis A.K. Distinct sequential cell behaviours direct primitive endoderm formation in the mouse blastocyst. Development 2008, 135:3081-3091.
132. Qi X., Li T.G., Hao J., Hu J., Wang J., Simmons H., Miura S., Mishina Y., Zhao G.Q. BMP4 supports self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101:6027-6032.
133. Ralston A., Rossant J. Cdx2 acts downstream of cell polarization to cell-autonomously promote trophectoderm fate in the early mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 2008, 313:614-629.
134. Ralston A., Cox B.J., Nishioka N., Sasaki H., Chea E., Rugg-Gunn P., Guo G., Robson P., Draper J.S., Rossant J. Gata3 regulates trophoblast development downstream of Tead4 and in parallel to Cdx2. Development 2010, 137:395-403.
135. Rathjen P.D., Toth S., Willis A., Heath J.K., Smith A.G. Differentiation inhibiting activity is produced in matrix-associated and diffusible forms that are generated by alternate promoter usage. Cell 1990, 62:1105-1114.
136. Reubinoff B.E., Pera M.F., Fong C.Y., Trounson A., Bongso A. Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: Somatic differentiation in vitro. Nat. Biotechnol. 2000, 18:399-404.
137. Roberts R.M., Fisher S.J. Trophoblast stem cells. Biol. Reprod. 2011, 84:412-421.
138. Rodda D.J., Chew J.L., Lim L.H., Loh Y.H., Wang B., Ng H.H., Robson P. Transcriptional regulation of nanog by OCT4 and SOX2. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:24731-24737.
139. Rossant J. Postimplantation development of blastomeres isolated from 4- and 8-cell mouse eggs. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1976, 36:283-290.
140. Rossant J. Stem cells and early lineage development. Cell 2008, 132:527-531.
141. Sanna D., Sanna A., Mara L., Pilichi S., Mastinu A., Chessa F., Pani L., Dattena M. Oct4 expression in in-vitro-produced sheep blastocysts and embryonic-stem-like cells. Cell Biol. Int. 2009, 34:53-60.
142. Sasaki E., Hanazawa K., Kurita R., Akatsuka A., Yoshizaki T., Ishii H., Tanioka Y., Ohnishi Y., Suemizu H., Sugawara A., Tamaoki N., Izawa K., et al. Establishment of novel embryonic stem cell lines derived from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Stem Cells 2005, 23:1304-1313.
143. Sato N., Meijer L., Skaltsounis L., Greengard P., Brivanlou A.H. Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK-3-specific inhibitor. Nat. Med. 2004, 10:55-63.
144. Shamblott M.J., Axelman J., Wang S., Bugg E.M., Littlefield J.W., Donovan P.J., Blumenthal P.D., Huggins G.R., Gearhart J.D. Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:13726-13731.
145. Shimosato D., Shiki M., Niwa H. Extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells induced by GATA factors acquire the character of XEN cells. BMC Dev. Biol. 2007, 7:80.
146. Silva J., Smith A. Capturing pluripotency. Cell 2008, 132:532-536.
147. Silva J., Nichols J., Theunissen T.W., Guo G., van Oosten A.L., Barrandon O., Wray J., Yamanaka S., Chambers I., Smith A. Nanog is the gateway to the pluripotent ground state. Cell 2009, 138:722-737.
148. Singh A.M., Hamazaki T., Hankowski K.E., Terada N. A heterogeneous expression pattern for Nanog in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2007, 25:2534-2542.
149. Sjogren-Jansson E., Zetterstrom M., Moya K., Lindqvist J., Strehl R., Eriksson P.S. Large-scale propagation of four undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell lines in a feeder-free culture system. Dev. Dyn. 2005, 233:1304-1314.
150. Smith A.G., Heath J.K., Donaldson D.D., Wong G.G., Moreau J., Stahl M., Rogers D. Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides. Nature 1988, 336:688-690.
151. Strumpf D., Mao C.A., Yamanaka Y., Ralston A., Chawengsaksophak K., Beck F., Rossant J. Cdx2 is required for correct cell fate specification and differentiation of trophectoderm in the mouse blastocyst. Development 2005, 132:2093-2102.
152. Sumi T., Fujimoto Y., Nakatsuji N., Suemori H. STAT3 is dispensable for maintenance of self-renewal in nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2004, 22:861-872.
153. Suwinska A., Czolowska R., Ozdzenski W., Tarkowski A.K. Blastomeres of the mouse embryo lose totipotency after the fifth cleavage division: Expression of Cdx2 and Oct4 and developmental potential of inner and outer blastomeres of 16- and 32-cell embryos. Dev. Biol. 2008, 322:133-144.
154. Suwinska A., Tarkowski A.K., Ciemerych M.A. Pluripotency of bank vole embryonic cells depends on FGF2 and activin A signaling pathways. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2010, 54:113-124.
155. Suzuki A., Raya A., Kawakami Y., Morita M., Matsui T., Nakashima K., Gage F.H., Rodriguez-Esteban C., Izpisua Belmonte J.C. Nanog binds to Smad1 and blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:10294-10299.
156. Takahashi K., Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006, 126:663-676.
157. Takahashi K., Tanabe K., Ohnuki M., Narita M., Ichisaka T., Tomoda K., Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007, 131:861-872.
158. Tanaka S., Kunath T., Hadjantonakis A.K., Nagy A., Rossant J. Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4. Science 1998, 282:2072-2075.
159. Tarkowski A.K. Experiments on the development of isolated blastomers of mouse eggs. Nature 1959, 184:1286-1287.
160. Tarkowski A.K., Wroblewska J. Development of blastomeres of mouse eggs isolated at the 4- and 8-cell stage. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1967, 18:155-180.
161. Tarkowski A.K., Ozdzenski W., Czolowska R. Mouse singletons and twins developed from isolated diploid blastomeres supported with tetraploid blastomeres. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2001, 45:591-596.
162. Tarkowski A.K., Ozdzenski W., Czolowska R. Identical triplets and twins developed from isolated blastomeres of 8- and 16-cell mouse embryos supported with tetraploid blastomeres. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2005, 49:825-832.
163. Tarkowski A.K., Suwinska A., Czolowska R., Ozdzenski W. Individual blastomeres of 16- and 32-cell mouse embryos are able to develop into foetuses and mice. Dev. Biol. 2010, 348:190-198.
164. Tesar P.J., Chenoweth J.G., Brook F.A., Davies T.J., Evans E.P., Mack D.L., Gardner R.L., McKay R.D. New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells. Nature 2007, 448:196-199.
165. Thomas F.C., Sheth B., Eckert J.J., Bazzoni G., Dejana E., Fleming T.P. Contribution of JAM-1 to epithelial differentiation and tight-junction biogenesis in the mouse preimplantation embryo. J. Cell Sci. 2004, 117:5599-5608.
166. Thomson J.A., Kalishman J., Golos T.G., Durning M., Harris C.P., Hearn J.P. Pluripotent cell lines derived from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) blastocysts. Biol. Reprod. 1996, 55:254-259.
167. Thomson J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor J., Shapiro S.S., Waknitz M.A., Swiergiel J.J., Marshall V.S., Jones J.M. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998, 282:1145-1147.
168. Toyooka Y., Shimosato D., Murakami K., Takahashi K., Niwa H. Identification and characterization of subpopulations in undifferentiated ES cell culture. Development 2008, 135:909-918.
169. Ueda S., Kawamata M., Teratani T., Shimizu T., Tamai Y., Ogawa H., Hayashi K., Tsuda H., Ochiya T. Establishment of rat embryonic stem cells and making of chimera rats. PLoS One 2008, 3:e2800.
170. Umehara H., Kimura T., Ohtsuka S., Nakamura T., Kitajima K., Ikawa M., Okabe M., Niwa H., Nakano T. Efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Stem Cells 2007, 25:2705-2711.
171. Valer Carstea B., Catunda Lemos A.P., Ilie E.D., Varga L., Bodo S., Kovacs A., Bosze Z., Gocza E. Production of identical mouse twins and a triplet with predicted gender. Cloning Stem Cells 2007, 9:247-256.
172. Vallier L., Alexander M., Pedersen R.A. Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. J. Cell Sci. 2005, 118:4495-4509.
173. van Eijk M.J., van Rooijen M.A., Modina S., Scesi L., Folkers G., van Tol H.T., Bevers M.M., Fisher S.R., Lewin H.A., Rakacolli D., Galli C., de Vaureix C., et al. Molecular cloning, genetic mapping, and developmental expression of bovine POU5F1. Biol. Reprod. 1999, 60:1093-1103.
174. Villegas S.N., Canham M., Brickman J.M. FGF signalling as a mediator of lineage transitions-evidence from embryonic stem cell differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 2010, 110:10-20.
175. Vinot S., Le T., Ohno S., Pawson T., Maro B., Louvet-Vallee S. Asymmetric distribution of PAR proteins in the mouse embryo begins at the 8-cell stage during compaction. Dev. Biol. 2005, 282:307-319.
176. Wang Q.T., Piotrowska K., Ciemerych M.A., Milenkovic L., Scott M.P., Davis R.W., Zernicka-Goetz M. A genome-wide study of gene activity reveals developmental signaling pathways in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Dev. Cell 2004, 6:133-144.
177. Wang X., Lin G., Martins-Taylor K., Zeng H., Xu R.H. Inhibition of caspase-mediated anoikis is critical for basic fibroblast growth factor-sustained culture of human pluripotent stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:34054-34064.
178. Wang K., Sengupta S., Magnani L., Wilson C.A., Henry R.W., Knott J.G. Brg1 is required for Cdx2-mediated repression of Oct4 expression in mouse blastocysts. PLoS One 2010, 5:e10622.
179. Willadsen S.M. The development capacity of blastomeres from 4- and 8-cell sheep embryos. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1981, 65:165-172.
180. Williams R.L., Hilton D.J., Pease S., Willson T.A., Stewart C.L., Gearing D.P., Wagner E.F., Metcalf D., Nicola N.A., Gough N.M. Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Nature 1988, 336:684-687.
181. Wobus A.M., Boheler K.R. Embryonic stem cells: Prospects for developmental biology and cell therapy. Physiol. Rev. 2005, 85:635-678.
182. Wu Q., Chen X., Zhang J., Loh Y.H., Low T.Y., Zhang W., Zhang W., Sze S.K., Lim B., Ng H.H. Sall4 interacts with Nanog and co-occupies Nanog genomic sites in embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:24090-24094.
183. Wu G., Gentile L., Fuchikami T., Sutter J., Psathaki K., Esteves T.C., Arauzo-Bravo M.J., Ortmeier C., Verberk G., Abe K., Scholer H.R. Initiation of trophectoderm lineage specification in mouse embryos is independent of Cdx2. Development 2010, 137:4159-4169.
184. Xiao L., Yuan X., Sharkis S.J. Activin A maintains self-renewal and regulates fibroblast growth factor, Wnt, and bone morphogenic protein pathways in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2006, 24:1476-1486.
185. Xu R.H., Chen X., Li D.S., Li R., Addicks G.C., Glennon C., Zwaka T.P., Thomson J.A. BMP4 initiates human embryonic stem cell differentiation to trophoblast. Nat. Biotechnol. 2002, 20:1261-1264.
186. Xu R.H., Peck R.M., Li D.S., Feng X., Ludwig T., Thomson J.A. Basic FGF and suppression of BMP signaling sustain undifferentiated proliferation of human ES cells. Nat. Methods 2005, 2:185-190.
187. Yagi R., Kohn M.J., Karavanova I., Kaneko K.J., Vullhorst D., DePamphilis M.L., Buonanno A. Transcription factor TEAD4 specifies the trophectoderm lineage at the beginning of mammalian development. Development 2007, 134:3827-3836.
188. Yamanaka Y., Ralston A., Stephenson R.O., Rossant J. Cell and molecular regulation of the mouse blastocyst. Dev. Dyn. 2006, 235:2301-2314.
189. Yamanaka Y., Lanner F., Rossant J. FGF signal-dependent segregation of primitive endoderm and epiblast in the mouse blastocyst. Development 2010, 137:715-724.
190. Ying Q.L., Nichols J., Chambers I., Smith A. BMP induction of Id proteins suppresses differentiation and sustains embryonic stem cell self-renewal in collaboration with STAT3. Cell 2003, 115:281-292.
191. Ying Q.L., Wray J., Nichols J., Batlle-Morera L., Doble B., Woodgett J., Cohen P., Smith A. The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Nature 2008, 453:519-523.
192. Yuan H., Corbi N., Basilico C., Dailey L. Developmental-specific activity of the FGF-4 enhancer requires the synergistic action of Sox2 and Oct-3. Genes Dev. 1995, 9:2635-2645.
193. Zhang J., Tam W.L., Tong G.Q., Wu Q., Chan H.Y., Soh B.S., Lou Y., Yang J., Ma Y., Chai L., Ng H.H., Lufkin T., et al. Sall4 modulates embryonic stem cell pluripotency and early embryonic development by the transcriptional regulation of Pou5f1. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8:1114-1123.
194. Zhao B., Ye X., Yu J., Li L., Li W., Li S., Yu J., Lin J.D., Wang C.Y., Chinnaiyan A.M., Lai Z.C., Guan K.L. TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control. Genes Dev. 2008, 22:1962-1971.