메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 31-42

Factors Relating to Managerial Stereotypes: The Role of Gender of the Employee and the Manager and Management Gender Ratio

Author keywords

Gender; Leadership; Management gender ratio; Managerial stereotypes

Indexed keywords


EID: 84857056784     PISSN: 08893268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10869-011-9210-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (81)
  • 3
    • 0014513954 scopus 로고
    • Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations
    • Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 319-342.
    • (1969) Psychological Bulletin , vol.71 , pp. 319-342
    • Amir, Y.1
  • 4
    • 0030517426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undermining social stereotypes: Impact of affect-relevant and behavior-relevant information
    • Asuncion, A. G., & Mackie, D. M. (1996). Undermining social stereotypes: Impact of affect-relevant and behavior-relevant information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 367-386.
    • (1996) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 367-386
    • Asuncion, A.G.1    Mackie, D.M.2
  • 5
    • 1642405088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men's and women's perceptions of the gender typing of management subroles
    • Atwater, L. E., Brett, J. F., Waldman, D., DiMare, L., & Hayden, M. V. (2004). Men's and women's perceptions of the gender typing of management subroles. Sex Roles, 50, 191-199.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.50 , pp. 191-199
    • Atwater, L.E.1    Brett, J.F.2    Waldman, D.3    Dimare, L.4    Hayden, M.V.5
  • 6
    • 64549097238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is transformational leadership always perceived as effective? Male subordinates' devaluation of female transformational leaders
    • Ayman, R., Korabik, K., & Morris, S. (2009). Is transformational leadership always perceived as effective? Male subordinates' devaluation of female transformational leaders. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39, 852-879.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 852-879
    • Ayman, R.1    Korabik, K.2    Morris, S.3
  • 7
    • 64549151465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's implicit theory of leadership
    • In B. Scheins & J. R. Meindl (Eds.), Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing
    • Ayman-Nolley, S., & Ayman, R. (2005). Children's implicit theory of leadership. In B. Scheins & J. R. Meindl (Eds.), Implicit leadership theories - essays and explorations (pp. 227-274). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
    • (2005) Implicit leadership theories - essays and explorations , pp. 227-274
    • Ayman-Nolley, S.1    Ayman, R.2
  • 9
    • 0033936941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questioning the notion of feminine leadership: A critical perspective on the gender labelling of leadership
    • Billing, Y. D., & Alvesson, M. (2000). Questioning the notion of feminine leadership: A critical perspective on the gender labelling of leadership. Gender, Work and Organization, 7, 144-157.
    • (2000) Gender, Work and Organization , vol.7 , pp. 144-157
    • Billing, Y.D.1    Alvesson, M.2
  • 10
    • 78649592959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hard-won and easily lost: The fragile status of counter-stereotypical leaders
    • Brescoll, V. L., Dawson, E., & Uhlmann, E. L. (2010). Hard-won and easily lost: The fragile status of counter-stereotypical leaders. Psychological Science, 21, 1640-1642.
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , pp. 1640-1642
    • Brescoll, V.L.1    Dawson, E.2    Uhlmann, E.L.3
  • 11
    • 0001077516 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between sex-role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics revisited
    • Brenner, O. C., Tomkiewicz, J., & Schein, V. E. (1989). The relationship between sex-role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics revisited. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 662-669.
    • (1989) Academy of Management Journal , vol.32 , pp. 662-669
    • Brenner, O.C.1    Tomkiewicz, J.2    Schein, V.E.3
  • 12
    • 0001894850 scopus 로고
    • Contact and cooperation: When do they work?
    • P. Katz and D. Taylor (Eds.), New York: Plenum
    • Brewer, M. B., & Miller, N. (1988). Contact and cooperation: When do they work? In P. Katz & D. Taylor (Eds.), Eliminating racism: Means and controversies (pp. 315-326). New York: Plenum.
    • (1988) Eliminating Racism: Means and Controversies , pp. 315-326
    • Brewer, M.B.1    Miller, N.2
  • 14
    • 0031541563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The factor structure of the Bem sex-role inventory (BSRI): Confirmatory analysis of long and short forms
    • Campbell, T., Gillaspy, J. A., Jr., & Thompson, B. (1997). The factor structure of the Bem sex-role inventory (BSRI): Confirmatory analysis of long and short forms. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57, 118-124.
    • (1997) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.57 , pp. 118-124
    • Campbell, T.1    Gillaspy Jr., J.A.2    Thompson, B.3
  • 15
    • 18844364771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processes underlying gender-role flexibility: Do androgynous individuals know more or know how to cope?
    • Cheng, C. (2005). Processes underlying gender-role flexibility: Do androgynous individuals know more or know how to cope? Journal of Personality, 73, 645-673.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality , vol.73 , pp. 645-673
    • Cheng, C.1
  • 17
    • 33746432148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test
    • Dawson, J. F., & Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 917-926.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 917-926
    • Dawson, J.F.1    Richter, A.W.2
  • 18
    • 0032383792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of Female and Male Managers in the 1990s: Plus ça change
    • Deal, J. J., & Stevenson, M. A. (1998). Perceptions of Female and Male Managers in the 1990s: Plus ça change. Sex Roles, 38, 287-300.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 287-300
    • Deal, J.J.1    Stevenson, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 1842530699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of men, women and CEOs: the effects of gender identity
    • Dennis, M. R., & Kunkel, A. D. (2004). Perceptions of men, women and CEOs: the effects of gender identity. Social Behavior and Personality, 32, 155-171.
    • (2004) Social Behavior and Personality , vol.32 , pp. 155-171
    • Dennis, M.R.1    Kunkel, A.D.2
  • 20
    • 33645674417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web-based questionnaires and the mode effect: An evaluation based on completion rates and data contents of near-identical questionnaires delivered in different modes
    • Denscombe, M. (2006). Web-based questionnaires and the mode effect: An evaluation based on completion rates and data contents of near-identical questionnaires delivered in different modes. Social Science Computer Review, 24, 246-254.
    • (2006) Social Science Computer Review , vol.24 , pp. 246-254
    • Denscombe, M.1
  • 21
    • 0034340213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future
    • Diekman, A. B., & Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1171-1188.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1171-1188
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Eagly, A.H.2
  • 23
    • 33750603713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rolling with the changes: A role congruity perspective on gender norms
    • Diekman, A. B., & Goodfriend, W. (2006). Rolling with the changes: A role congruity perspective on gender norms. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 369-383.
    • (2006) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 369-383
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Goodfriend, W.2
  • 24
    • 1642376134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic stereotypes of power: Perceived change and stability in gender hierarchies
    • Diekman, A. B., Goodfriend, W., & Goodwin, S. (2004). Dynamic stereotypes of power: Perceived change and stability in gender hierarchies. Sex Roles, 50, 201-215.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.50 , pp. 201-215
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Goodfriend, W.2    Goodwin, S.3
  • 25
    • 33750908246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, women and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing?
    • Duehr, E. E., & Bono, J. E. (2006). Men, women and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing? Personnel Psychology, 59, 815-846.
    • (2006) Personnel Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 815-846
    • Duehr, E.E.1    Bono, J.E.2
  • 27
    • 33846994333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions
    • Eagly, A. H. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 1-12.
    • (2007) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 1-12
    • Eagly, A.H.1
  • 28
    • 0345659237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence
    • Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003a). The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 807-834.
    • (2003) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 807-834
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Carli, L.L.2
  • 29
    • 0344981380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding gender advantage and disadvantage: Systematic research integration is the solution
    • Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003b). Finding gender advantage and disadvantage: Systematic research integration is the solution. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 851-859.
    • (2003) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 851-859
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Carli, L.L.2
  • 31
    • 85047674303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role congruity of prejudice toward female leaders
    • Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573-598.
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , pp. 573-598
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Karau, S.J.2
  • 33
    • 77953580468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes about women, men, and leaders: Have times changed?
    • M. Barreto, M. K. Ryan, and M. T. Schmitt (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Eagly, A. H., & Sczesny, S. (2009). Stereotypes about women, men, and leaders: Have times changed? In M. Barreto, M. K. Ryan, & M. T. Schmitt (Eds.), The glass ceiling in the 21st century: Understanding barriers to gender equality (pp. 21-47). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2009) The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century: Understanding Barriers to Gender Equality , pp. 21-47
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Sczesny, S.2
  • 34
    • 0001983842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal
    • T. Eckes and H. M. Trautner (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. H. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123-174). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender , pp. 123-174
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Wood, W.2    Diekman, A.H.3
  • 35
    • 21844491878 scopus 로고
    • The power in demography: Women's social constructions of gender identity at work
    • Ely, R. J. (1995). The power in demography: Women's social constructions of gender identity at work. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 589-634.
    • (1995) Academy of Management Journal , vol.38 , pp. 589-634
    • Ely, R.J.1
  • 36
    • 84855768579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Board Women Monitor, European Professional's Women Network
    • European Board Women Monitor. (2004). The first EWPN European Board Women Monitor. European Professional's Women Network. www. EuropeanPWN. net.
    • (2004) The first EWPN European Board Women Monitor
  • 37
    • 0141908232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of network groups on minority employee turnover intentions
    • Friedman, R. A., & Holtom, B. (2002). The effects of network groups on minority employee turnover intentions. Human Resource Management, 41, 405-421.
    • (2002) Human Resource Management , vol.41 , pp. 405-421
    • Friedman, R.A.1    Holtom, B.2
  • 39
    • 0346327301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes: Children's perceptions of future compensatory behavior following violations of gender roles
    • Hughes, F. N., & Seta, C. E. (2003). Gender stereotypes: Children's perceptions of future compensatory behavior following violations of gender roles. Sex Roles, 49, 685-691.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.49 , pp. 685-691
    • Hughes, F.N.1    Seta, C.E.2
  • 40
    • 0024201394 scopus 로고
    • Age stereotype disconfirming information and evaluations of old people
    • Jackson, L. A., & Sullivan, L. A. (1988). Age stereotype disconfirming information and evaluations of old people. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 721-729.
    • (1988) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.128 , pp. 721-729
    • Jackson, L.A.1    Sullivan, L.A.2
  • 41
    • 41949117260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders
    • Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S., & Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106, 39-60.
    • (2008) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.106 , pp. 39-60
    • Johnson, S.K.1    Murphy, S.E.2    Zewdie, S.3    Reichard, R.J.4
  • 44
    • 76249118225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding tokenism: Antecedents and consequences of a psychological climate of gender inequity
    • King, E. B., Hebl, M. R., George, J. M., & Matusik, S. F. (2010). Understanding tokenism: Antecedents and consequences of a psychological climate of gender inequity. Journal of Management, 36, 482-510.
    • (2010) Journal of Management , vol.36 , pp. 482-510
    • King, E.B.1    Hebl, M.R.2    George, J.M.3    Matusik, S.F.4
  • 46
  • 47
    • 33746390511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When fit is fundamental: performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers
    • Lyness, K. S., & Heilman, M. E. (2006). When fit is fundamental: performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 777-785.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 777-785
    • Lyness, K.S.1    Heilman, M.E.2
  • 48
    • 13844270704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subordinate-manager gender combination and perceived leadership style influence on emotions, self-esteem and organizational commitment
    • McColl-Kennedy, J. R., & Anderson, R. D. (2005). Subordinate-manager gender combination and perceived leadership style influence on emotions, self-esteem and organizational commitment. Journal of Business Research, 58, 115-125.
    • (2005) Journal of Business Research , vol.58 , pp. 115-125
    • McColl-Kennedy, J.R.1    Anderson, R.D.2
  • 53
    • 84965943775 scopus 로고
    • The "good" manager: Did androgyny fare better in the 1980s?
    • Powell, G. N., & Butterfield, D. A. (1989). The "good" manager: Did androgyny fare better in the 1980s? Group and Organization Studies, 14, 216-233.
    • (1989) Group and Organization Studies , vol.14 , pp. 216-233
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2
  • 54
    • 0036238882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed?
    • Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed? Journal of Management, 28, 177-193.
    • (2002) Journal of Management , vol.28 , pp. 177-193
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2    Parent, J.D.3
  • 55
    • 0035529691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtyping and subgrouping: Processes for the prevention and promotion of stereotype change
    • Richards, Z., & Hewstone, M. (2001). Subtyping and subgrouping: Processes for the prevention and promotion of stereotype change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 52-73.
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.5 , pp. 52-73
    • Richards, Z.1    Hewstone, M.2
  • 57
  • 58
    • 84993865866 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact
    • Rothbart, M., & John, O. P. (1985). Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 81-104.
    • (1985) Journal of Social Issues , vol.41 , pp. 81-104
    • Rothbart, M.1    John, O.P.2
  • 59
    • 34247480030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions
    • Ryan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2007). The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions. Academy of Management Review, 32, 549-572.
    • (2007) Academy of Management Review , vol.32 , pp. 549-572
    • Ryan, M.K.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 60
    • 84857053947 scopus 로고
    • Tokenism in performance evaluation: The effects of work group representation on male-female and White-Black differences in performance ratings
    • Sackett, P. R., DuBois, C. L. Z., & Noe, A. W. (1991). Tokenism in performance evaluation: The effects of work group representation on male-female and White-Black differences in performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 342-359.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 342-359
    • Sackett, P.R.1    Dubois, C.L.Z.2    Noe, A.W.3
  • 61
    • 0015767372 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics
    • Schein, V. E. (1973). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57, 95-100.
    • (1973) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 95-100
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 62
    • 0016513820 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics among female managers
    • Schein, V. E. (1975). Relationships between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics among female managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 340-344.
    • (1975) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 340-344
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 63
    • 0035209995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management
    • Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 675-688.
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 675-688
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 64
    • 0141687048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A closer look beneath the surface: Various facets of the think-manager-think-male stereotype
    • Sczesny, S. (2003). A closer look beneath the surface: Various facets of the think-manager-think-male stereotype. Sex Roles, 49, 353-363.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.49 , pp. 353-363
    • Sczesny, S.1
  • 65
    • 13844298925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: A cross-cultural comparison
    • Sczesny, S., Bosak, J., Ness, J., & Schyns, B. (2004). Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: A cross-cultural comparison. Sex Roles, 51, 631-645.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.51 , pp. 631-645
    • Sczesny, S.1    Bosak, J.2    Ness, J.3    Schyns, B.4
  • 70
    • 77956462628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and job role congruence: A field study of trust in labor mediators
    • Stuhlmacher, A. F., & Poitras, J. (2010). Gender and job role congruence: A field study of trust in labor mediators. Sex Roles, 63, 489-499.
    • (2010) Sex Roles , vol.63 , pp. 489-499
    • Stuhlmacher, A.F.1    Poitras, J.2
  • 71
    • 0031509749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and social identity: How being in the minority affects judgment of self and others
    • Swan, S., & Wyer, R. S., Jr. (1997). Gender stereotypes and social identity: How being in the minority affects judgment of self and others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1265-1276.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.23 , pp. 1265-1276
    • Swan, S.1    Wyer Jr., R.S.2
  • 72
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of inter-group behavior
    • S. Worchel and L. W. Austin (Eds.), Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In S. Worchel & L. W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-48). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1986) Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 33-48
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 73
    • 77955913203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social dominance orientation attenuates stereotype change in the face of disconfirming information
    • Tausch, N., & Hewstone, M. (2010). Social dominance orientation attenuates stereotype change in the face of disconfirming information. Social Psychology, 41, 169-176.
    • (2010) Social Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 169-176
    • Tausch, N.1    Hewstone, M.2
  • 74
    • 0036335335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferences for idealized styles of supervision
    • Vecchio, R. P., & Boatwright, K. J. (2002). Preferences for idealized styles of supervision. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 327-342.
    • (2002) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 327-342
    • Vecchio, R.P.1    Boatwright, K.J.2
  • 75
    • 49249097936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Majority, minority, and parity: Effects of gender and group size on perceived group variability
    • Voci, A., Hewstone, M., Crisp, R. J., & Rubin, M. (2008). Majority, minority, and parity: Effects of gender and group size on perceived group variability. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71, 114-142.
    • (2008) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.71 , pp. 114-142
    • Voci, A.1    Hewstone, M.2    Crisp, R.J.3    Rubin, M.4
  • 78
    • 0036390648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender typing of the successful manager-a stereotype reconsidered
    • Willemsen, T. M. (2002). Gender typing of the successful manager-a stereotype reconsidered. Sex Roles, 46, 385-391.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.46 , pp. 385-391
    • Willemsen, T.M.1
  • 79
    • 0030534370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undergraduates regard derivation from occupational gender stereotypes as costly for women
    • Yoder, J. D., & Schleicher, T. L. (1996). Undergraduates regard derivation from occupational gender stereotypes as costly for women. Sex Roles, 34, 171-188.
    • (1996) Sex Roles , vol.34 , pp. 171-188
    • Yoder, J.D.1    Schleicher, T.L.2
  • 80
    • 84857058039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Token majority: The work attitudes of male flight attendants
    • Young, J. L., & James, E. (2001). Token majority: The work attitudes of male flight attendants. Sex Roles, 34, 171-188.
    • (2001) Sex Roles , vol.34 , pp. 171-188
    • Young, J.L.1    James, E.2
  • 81
    • 0003446464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5th edn., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
    • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    • (2002) Leadership in Organizations
    • Yukl, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.