Same sex, no sex, and unaware sex in neurotoxicology

NeuroToxicology

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 509-517

  Weiss, Bernard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal behavior; Endocrine disruption; Hormones; Intelligence; Mathematical ability; Sex differences; Sexual differentiation; Statistical analysis

Indexed keywords

4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; INSECTICIDE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; STEROID HORMONE;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMINIZATION; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX CHROMOSOME; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SRY GENE; VIRILIZATION;

ANIMALS; DRUG TOXICITY; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROTOXINS; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; TOXICOLOGY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 82455208672     PISSN: 0161813X     EISSN: 18729711     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.09.005     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Achenbach T.M., Ruffle T.M. The child behavior checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatr Rev 2000, 21:265-271.
2. Alexander G.M., Wilcox T., Woods R. Sex differences in infants' visual interest in toys. Arch Sex Behav 2009, 38:427-433.
3. Arnold A.P. Sex chromosomes and brain gender. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004, 5:701-708.
4. Arnold A.P., Gorski R.A. Gonadal steroid induction of structural sex differences in the central nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 1984, 7:413-442.
5. Bantsiele G.B., Bentue-Ferrer D., Saikali S., Laviolle B., Bourin M., Reymann J.M. Behavioral effects of four antidepressants on an ischemic rat model of emotional disturbances. Behav Brain Res 2009, 201:265-271.
6. Becker J.B., Arnold A.P., Berkley K.J., Blaustein J.D., Eckel L.A., Hampson E., et al. Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior. Endocrinology 2005, 146:1650-1673.
7. Beery A.K., Zucker I. Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010.
8. Benbow C.P., Stanley J.C. Sex differences in mathematical ability: fact or artifact?. Science 1980, 210:1262-1264.
9. Benbow C.P., Stanley J.C. Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: more facts. Science 1983, 222:1029-1031.
10. Berry C.A., Shaywitz S.E., Shaywitz B.A. Girls with attention deficit disorder: a silent minority? A report on behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Pediatrics 1985, 76:801-809.
11. Braun J.M., Yolton K., Dietrich K.N., Hornung R., Ye X., Calafat A.M., et al. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure and early childhood behavior. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1945-1952.
12. Bushnell P.J., Kavlock R.J., Crofton K.M., Weiss B., Rice D.C. Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists. Summary of a symposium presented at the annual meeting of the neurobehavioral teratology society, June, 2009. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010, 32:313-328.
13. Connellan J., Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Batki A., Ahluwalia J. Sex differences in human neonatal social perception. Infant Behav Dev 2000, 23:113-118.
14. Cosgrove K.P., Mazure C.M., Staley J.K. Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry. Biol Psychiatry 2007, 62:847-855.
15. Cousins M.S., Seiden L.S. The serotonin-1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 modifies fluoxetine's antidepressant-like profile on the differential reinforcement of low rates 72-s schedule in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000, 148:438-442.
16. Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents, National Research Council Toxicity testing in the 21st century: a vision and a strategy 2007, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
17. Darwin C. The descent of man and selection in relation to sex 1871, John Murray, London. 1st ed.
18. Davies W., Wilkinson L.S. It is not all hormones: alternative explanations for sexual differentiation of the brain. Brain Res 2006, 1126:36-45.
19. Davis E.C., Shryne J.E., Gorski R.A. Structural sexual dimorphisms in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus are sensitive to gonadal steroids perinatally, but develop peripubertally. Neuroendocrinology 1996, 63:142-148.
20. Dewing P., Chiang C.W., Sinchak K., Sim H., Fernagut P.O., Kelly S., et al. Direct regulation of adult brain function by the male-specific factor SRY. Curr Biol 2006, 16:415-420.
21. Eagly A.H. The science and politics of comparing women and men. Am Psychol 1995, 30:145-158.
22. Engel S.M., Miodovnik A., Canfield R.L., Zhu C., Silva M.J., Calafat A.M., et al. Prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with childhood behavior and executive functioning. Environ Health Perspect 2010, 118:565-571.
23. Gartstein M.A., Rothbart M.K. Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behav Dev 2003, 26:64-86.
24. Gaub M., Carlson C.L. Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36:1036-1045.
25. Gilbert S.G., Weiss B. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 microg/dL. Neurotoxicology 2006, 27:693-701.
26. Gochfeld M. Framework for gender differences in human and animal toxicology. Environ Res 2007, 104:4-21.
27. Goldstein J.M. Sex, hormones and affective arousal circuitry dysfunction in schizophrenia. Horm Behav 2006, 50:612-622.
28. Goldstein J.M., Seidman L.J., O'Brien L.M., Horton N.J., Kennedy D.N., Makris N., et al. Impact of normal sexual dimorphisms on sex differences in structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002, 59:154-164.
29. Gorski R.A., Harlan R.E., Jacobson C.D., Shryne J.E., Southam A.M. Evidence for the existence of a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the rat. J Comp Neurol 1980, 193:529-539.
30. Gur R.C., Turetsky B.I., Matsui M., Yan M., Bilker W., Hughett P., et al. Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: correlations with cognitive performance. J Neurosci 1999, 19:4065-4072.
31. Hafner H. Gender differences in schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003, 28(Suppl. 2):17-54.
32. Halpern D.F. Sex differences in cognitive abilities 2009, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. 3rd ed.
33. Halpern D.F., Tan U. Stereotypes and steroids: using a psychobiosocial model to understand cognitive sex differences. Brain Cogn 2001, 45:392-414.
34. Jazin E., Cahill L. Sex differences in molecular neuroscience: from fruit flies to humans. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010, 11:9-17.
35. Kim A.M., Tingen C.M., Woodruff T.K. Sex bias in trials and treatment must end. Nature 2010, 465:688-689.
36. Kimura D. Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2002, 23(Suppl. 4):67-77.
37. Kimura K., Ote M., Tazawa T., Yamamoto D. Fruitless specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the Drosophila brain. Nature 2005, 438:229-233.
38. Krantz D.H. The null hypothesis testing controversy in psychology. J Am Stat Assoc 1999, 94:1372-1381.
39. Lanphear B.P., Hornung R., Khoury J., Yolton K., Baghurst P., Bellinger D.C., et al. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2005, 113:894-899.
40. Lee K., Portman D.S. Neural sex modifies the function of a C. elegans sensory circuit. Curr Biol 2007, 17:1858-1863.
41. Lenroot R.K., Gogtay N., Greenstein D.K., Wells E.M., Wallace G.L., Clasen L.S., et al. Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage 2007, 36:1065-1073.
42. Leuner B., Mendolia-Loffredo S., Shors T.J. Males and females respond differently to controllability and antidepressant treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2004, 56:964-970.
43. Lutchmaya S., Baron-Cohen S., Raggatt P., Knickmeyer R., Manning J.T. 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Hum Dev 2004, 77:23-28.
44. McClellan-Green P., Romano J., Oberdorster E. Does gender really matter in contaminant exposure? A case study using invertebrate models. Environ Res 2007, 104:183-191.
45. McEwen B.S. Introduction: the end of sex as we once knew it. Physiol Behav 2009, 97:143-145.
46. Mode A., Gustafsson J.A. Sex and the liver-a journey through five decades. Drug Metab Rev 2006, 38:197-207.
47. Patisaul H.B., Polston E.K. Influence of endocrine active compounds on the developing rodent brain. Brain Res Rev 2008, 57:352-362.
48. Ramtekkar U.P., Reiersen A.M., Todorov A.A., Todd R.D. Sex and age differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and diagnoses: implications for DSM-V and ICD-11. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010, 49. 217, 228, e1-3.
49. Reinius B., Jazin E. Prenatal sex differences in the human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2009, 14(987):988-989.
50. Rubin B.S., Lenkowski J.R., Schaeberle C.M., Vandenberg L.N., Ronsheim P.M., Soto A.M. Evidence of altered brain sexual differentiation in mice exposed perinatally to low, environmentally relevant levels of bisphenol A. Endocrinology 2006, 147:3681-3691.
51. Rucklidge J.J. Gender differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2010, 33:357-373.
52. Santos E.M., Kille P., Workman V.L., Paull G.C., Tyler C.R. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the brains of mature zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol 2008, 149:314-324.
53. Schlenker E.H., Hansen S.N. Sex-specific densities of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus and dorsal vagal motor nucleus weanling rats. Brain Res 2006, 1123:89-100.
54. Selderslaghs I.W., Hooyberghs J., De Coen W., Witters H.E. Locomotor activity in zebrafish embryos: a new method to assess developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010, 32:460-471.
55. Servin A., Bohlin G., Berlin L. Sex differences in 1-, 3-, and 5-year-olds' toy-choice in a structured play-session. Scand J Psychol 1999, 40:43-48.
56. Singer E. Speech transcript stokes opposition to Harvard head. Nature 2005, 433:790.
57. Small C.M., Carney G.E., Mo Q., Vannucci M., Jones A.G. A microarray analysis of sex- and gonad-biased gene expression in the zebrafish: evidence for masculinization of the transcriptome. BMC Genom 2009, 10:579.
58. Sowell E.R., Peterson B.S., Kan E., Woods R.P., Yoshii J., Bansal R., et al. Sex differences in cortical thickness mapped in 176 healthy individuals between 7 and 87 years of age. Cereb Cortex 2007, 17:1550-1560.
59. Sun M.K., Alkon D.L. Differential gender-related vulnerability to depression induction and converging antidepressant responses in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006, 316:926-932.
60. Swan S.H., Liu F., Hines M., Kruse R.L., Wang C., Redmon J.B., et al. Prenatal phthalate exposure and reduced masculine play in boys. Int J Androl 2010, 33:259-269.
61. Tamburella A., Micale V., Navarria A., Drago F. Antidepressant properties of the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist, SL65. 0155: behavioral and neurochemical studies in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009, 33:1205-1210.
62. van de Beek C., van Goozen S.H., Buitelaar J.K., Cohen-Kettenis P.T. Prenatal sex hormones (maternal and amniotic fluid) and gender-related play behavior in 13-month-old Infants. Arch Sex Behav 2009, 38:6-15.
63. Vreugdenhil H.J., Slijper F.M., Mulder P.G., Weisglas-Kuperus N. Effects of perinatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins on play behavior in Dutch children at school age. Environ Health Perspect 2002, 110:A593-A598.
64. Wald C., Wu C. Biomedical research. Of mice and women: the bias in animal models. Science 2010, 327:1571-1572.
65. Wasserman G.A., Staghezza-Jaramillo B., Shrout P., Popovac D., Graziano J. The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children. Am J Public Health 1998, 88:481-486.
66. Waxman D.J., Holloway M.G. Sex differences in the expression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. Mol Pharmacol 2009, 76:215-228.
67. Waxman D.J., O'Connor C. Growth hormone regulation of sex-dependent liver gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2006, 20:2613-2629.
68. Weiss B. Neurobehavioral toxicity as a basis for risk assessment. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1988, 9:59-62.
69. Weiss B. Endocrine disruptors and sexually dimorphic behaviors: a question of heads and tails. Neurotoxicology 1997, 18:581-586.
70. Weiss B. Sexually dimorphic nonreproductive behaviors as indicators of endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect 2002, 110(Suppl. 3):387-391.
71. Weiss B. Can endocrine disruptors influence neuroplasticity in the aging brain?. Neurotoxicology 2007, 28:938-950.
72. Weiss B., Bellinger D.C. Social ecology of children's vulnerability to environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:1479-1485.
73. Wizeman T.M., Pardue M.L. Exploring the biological contributions to human health: does sex matter? 2001.
74. Wood W., Eagly A.H. A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychol Bull 2002, 128:699-727.
75. Zhang J.Q., Cai W.Q., Zhou D.S., Su B.Y. Distribution and differences of estrogen receptor beta immunoreactivity in the brain of adult male and female rats. Brain Res 2002, 935:73-80.