How the brain shapes deception: An integrated review of the literature

Neuroscientist

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 560-574

  Abe, Nobuhito ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

amygdala; deception; functional magnetic resonance imaging; prefrontal cortex; striatum

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; BIOETHICS; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; HUMAN; MENINGIOMA; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROSCIENCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX EPILEPSY; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SKIN CONDUCTANCE; VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; DECEPTION; HUMANS;

EID: 80054016569     PISSN: 10738584     EISSN: 10894098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1073858410393359     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Abe N. The neurobiology of deception: evidence from neuroimaging and loss-of-function studies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009 ; 22: 594-600
2. Abe N, Fujii T, Hirayama K, Takeda A, Hosokai Y, Ishioka T. Do Parkinsonian patients have trouble telling lies? The neurobiological basis of deceptive behaviour. Brain. 2009 ; 132: 1386-95
3. Abe N, Okuda J, Suzuki M, Sasaki H, Matsuda T, Mori E. Neural correlates of true memory, false memory, and deception. Cereb Cortex. 2008 ; 18: 2811-9
4. Abe N, Suzuki M, Mori E, Itoh M, Fujii T. Deceiving others: distinct neural responses of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in simple fabrication and deception with social interactions. J Cogn Neurosci. 2007 ; 19: 287-95 (Pubitemid 46220710)
5. Abe N, Suzuki M, Tsukiura T, Mori E, Yamaguchi K, Itoh M. Dissociable roles of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in deception. Cereb Cortex. 2006 ; 16: 192-9 (Pubitemid 43100064)
6. Aouille J, Rouillon F, Limosin F. Factitious anemia and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. Can J Psychiatry. 2003 ; 48: 572-3 (Pubitemid 37280051)
7. Babe KS, Peterson AM, Loosen PT, Geracioti TD. The pathogenesis of Munchausen syndrome: a review and case report. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1992 ; 14: 273-6
8. Baron-Cohen S. Out of sight or out of mind? Another look at deception in autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1992 ; 33: 1141-55
9. Barton RA, Harvey PH. Mosaic evolution of brain structure in mammals. Nature. 2000 ; 405: 1055-8 (Pubitemid 30447789)
10. Baumgartner T, Fischbacher U, Feierabend A, Lutz K, Fehr E. The neural circuitry of a broken promise. Neuron. 2009 ; 64: 756-70
11. Bhatt S, Mbwana J, Adeyemo A, Sawyer A, Hailu A, Vanmeter J. Lying about facial recognition: an fMRI study. Brain Cogn. 2009 ; 69: 382-90
12. Bles M, Haynes JD. Detecting concealed information using brain-imaging technology. Neurocase. 2008 ; 14: 82-92 (Pubitemid 351974048)
13. Boaz TL, Perry NW, Raney G, Fischler IS, Shuman D. Detection of guilty knowledge with event-related potentials. J Appl Psychol. 1991 ; 76: 788-95
14. Browndyke JN, Paskavitz J, Sweet LH, Cohen RA, Tucker KA, Welsh-Bohmer KA. Neuroanatomical correlates of malingered memory impairment: event-related fMRI of deception on a recognition memory task. Brain Inj. 2008 ; 22: 481-9 (Pubitemid 351890554)
15. Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R. Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nat Neurosci. 2010 ; 13: 419-21
16. Byrne RW, Corp N. Neocortex size predicts deception rate in primates. Proc Biol Sci. 2004 ; 271: 1693-9 (Pubitemid 39107989)
17. Byrne RW, Whiten A. Tactical deception of familiar individuals in baboons (Papio ursinus). Anim Behav. 1985 ; 33: 669-73
18. Byrne RW, Whiten A. Tactical deception in primates: the 1990 database. Primate Rep. 1990 ; 27: 1-101
19. Casey BJ, Tottenham N, Liston C, Durston S. Imaging the developing brain: what have we learned about cognitive development?. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 ; 9: 104-10 (Pubitemid 40320471)
20. Cervenka S, Gustavsson JP, Halldin C, Farde L. Association between striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor binding and social desirability. Neuroimage. 2010 ; 50: 323-8
21. Chandler M, Fritz AS, Hala S. Small-scale deceit: deception as a marker of two-, three-, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind. Child Dev. 1989 ; 60: 1263-77
22. Chikazoe J, Konishi S, Asari T, Jimura K, Miyashita Y. Activation of right inferior frontal gyrus during response inhibition across response modalities. J Cogn Neurosci. 2007 ; 19: 69-80 (Pubitemid 46106024)
23. Christ SE, Van Essen DC, Watson JM, Brubaker LE, McDermott KB. The contributions of prefrontal cortex and executive control to deception: evidence from activation likelihood estimate meta-analyses. Cereb Cortex. 2009 ; 19: 1557-66
24. Cohen MX, Schoene-Bake JC, Elger CE, Weber B. Connectivity-based segregation of the human striatum predicts personality characteristics. Nat Neurosci. 2009 ; 12: 32-4
25. Cools R, Clark L, Owen AM, Robbins TW. Defining the neural mechanisms of probabilistic reversal learning using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci. 2002 ; 22: 4563-7 (Pubitemid 37465672)
26. Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Arch Neurol. 1993 ; 50: 873-80 (Pubitemid 23229317)
27. Cutting LE, Cooper KL, Koth CW, Mostofsky SH, Kates WR, Denckla MB. Megalencephaly in NF1: predominantly white matter contribution and mitigation by ADHD. Neurology. 2002 ; 59: 1388-94 (Pubitemid 35285992)
28. Davatzikos C, Ruparel K, Fan Y, Shen DG, Acharyya M, Loughead JW. Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: application to lie detection. Neuroimage. 2005 ; 28: 663-8 (Pubitemid 41540374)
29. Diefenbacher A, Heim G. Neuropsychiatric aspects in Munchausen's syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1997 ; 19: 281-5 (Pubitemid 27400829)
30. Dike CC, Baranoski M, Griffith EE. Pathological lying revisited. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2005 ; 33: 342-9 (Pubitemid 41368467)
31. Dove A, Pollmann S, Schubert T, Wiggins CJ, von Cramon DY. Prefrontal cortex activation in task switching: an event-related fMRI study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2000 ; 9: 103-9 (Pubitemid 30074170)
32. Dunbar RI. The social brain hypothesis. Evol Anthropol. 1998 ; 6: 178-90
33. Egerton A, Rees E, Bose SK, Lappin JM, Stokes PR, Turkheimer FE. Truth, lies or self-deception? Striatal D(2/3) receptor availability predicts individual differences in social conformity. Neuroimage. 2010 ; 53: 777-81
34. Farwell LA, Donchin E. The truth will out: interrogative polygraphy ("lie detection") with event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology. 1991 ; 28: 531-47
35. Fenelon G, Mahieux F, Roullet E, Guillard A. Munchausen's syndrome and abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. BMJ. 1991 ; 302: 996-7
36. Ford CV, King BH, Hollender MH. Lies and liars: psychiatric aspects of prevarication. Am J Psychiatry. 1988 ; 145: 554-62
37. Frank MG, Ekman P. The ability to detect deceit generalizes across different types of high-stake lies. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 ; 72: 1429-39 (Pubitemid 127689014)
38. Fullam RS, McKie S, Dolan MC. Psychopathic traits and deception: functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 ; 194: 229-35
39. Gamer M, Bauermann T, Stoeter P, Vossel G. Covariations among fMRI, skin conductance, and behavioral data during processing of concealed information. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 ; 28: 1287-301 (Pubitemid 350234181)
40. Gamer M, Klimecki O, Bauermann T, Stoeter P, Vossel G. fMRI-activation patterns in the detection of concealed information rely on memory-related effects. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. :
41. Gamer M, Verschuere B, Crombez G, Vossel G. Combining physiological measures in the detection of concealed information. Physiol Behav. 2008 ; 95: 333-40
42. Ganis G, Kosslyn SM, Stose S, Thompson WL, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Neural correlates of different types of deception: an fMRI investigation. Cereb Cortex. 2003 ; 13: 830-6 (Pubitemid 36917962)
43. Ganis G, Morris RR, Kosslyn SM. Neural processes underlying self- and other-related lies: an individual difference approach using fMRI. Soc Neurosci. 2009 ; 4: 539-53
44. Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L, Hayashi KM, Greenstein D, Vaituzis AC. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 ; 101: 8174-9 (Pubitemid 38698073)
45. Gombos VA. The cognition of deception: the role of executive processes in producing lies. Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 2006 ; 132: 197-214
46. Greene JD, Paxton JM. Patterns of neural activity associated with honest and dishonest moral decisions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 ; 106: 12506-11
47. Hakun JG, Ruparel K, Seelig D, Busch E, Loughead JW, Gur RC. Towards clinical trials of lie detection with fMRI. Soc Neurosci. 2009 ; 4: 518-27
48. Hakun JG, Seelig D, Ruparel K, Loughead JW, Busch E, Gur RC. fMRI investigation of the cognitive structure of the Concealed Information Test. Neurocase. 2008 ; 14: 59-67 (Pubitemid 351974046)
49. Haynes JD. Detecting deception from neuroimaging signals - a data-driven perspective. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 ; 12: 126-7
50. Huang CL, Yang YK, Chu CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Chen PS. The association between the Lie scale of the Maudsley personality inventory and striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability of healthy Chinese community subjects. Eur Psychiatry. 2006 ; 21: 62-5 (Pubitemid 43243055)
51. Hughes CJ, Farrow TF, Hopwood MC, Pratt A, Hunter MD, Spence SA. Recent developments in deception research. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2005 ; 1: 273-9
52. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 1997 ; 387: 167-78 (Pubitemid 27430343)
53. Ishihara L, Brayne C. What is the evidence for a premorbid parkinsonian personality: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2006 ; 21: 1066-72 (Pubitemid 44336588)
54. Ito A, Abe N, Fujii T, Ueno A, Koseki Y, Hashimoto R. The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in deception when remembering neutral and emotional events. Neurosci Res. :
55. Jin B, Strasburger A, Laken SJ, Kozel FA, Johnson KA, George MS. Feature selection for fMRI-based deception detection. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009 ; 10 (Suppl 9). S15
56. Karim AA, Schneider M, Lotze M, Veit R, Sauseng P, Braun C. The truth about lying: inhibition of the anterior prefrontal cortex improves deceptive behavior. Cereb Cortex. 2010 ; 20: 205-13
57. Kaylor-Hughes CJ, Lankappa ST, Fung R, Hope-Urwin AE, Wilkinson ID, Spence SA. The functional anatomical distinction between truth telling and deception is preserved among people with schizophrenia. Crim Behav Ment Health. :
58. Kerns JG, Cohen JD, MacDonald AW, Cho RY, Stenger VA, Carter CS. Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science. 2004 ; 303: 1023-6 (Pubitemid 38209708)
59. Keverne EB, Martel FL, Nevison CM. Primate brain evolution: genetic and functional considerations. Proc Biol Sci. 1996 ; 263: 689-96 (Pubitemid 26232299)
60. Kikuchi H, Fujii T, Abe N, Suzuki M, Takagi M, Mugikura S. Memory repression: brain mechanisms underlying dissociative amnesia. J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 ; 22: 602-13
61. King BH, Ford CV. Pseudologia fantastica. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 ; 77: 1-6 (Pubitemid 18046345)
62. Kozel FA, Johnson KA, Grenesko EL, Laken SJ, Kose S, Lu X. Functional MRI detection of deception after committing a mock sabotage crime. J Forensic Sci. 2009 ; 54: 220-31
63. Kozel FA, Johnson KA, Laken SJ, Grenesko EL, Smith JA, Walker J. Can simultaneously acquired electrodermal activity improve accuracy of fMRI detection of deception?. Soc Neurosci. 2009 ; 4: 510-7
64. Kozel FA, Johnson KA, Mu Q, Grenesko EL, Laken SJ, George MS. Detecting deception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 ; 58: 605-13 (Pubitemid 41565575)
65. Kozel FA, Laken SJ, Johnson KA, Boren B, Mapes KS, Morgan PS. Replication of functional MRI detection of deception. Open Forensic Sci J. 2009 ; 2: 6-11
66. Kozel FA, Padgett TM, George MS. A replication study of the neural correlates of deception. Behav Neurosci. 2004 ; 118: 852-6 (Pubitemid 38970506)
67. Kozel FA, Revell LJ, Lorberbaum JP, Shastri A, Elhai JD, Horner MD. A pilot study of functional magnetic resonance imaging brain correlates of deception in healthy young men. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 ; 16: 295-305 (Pubitemid 39244555)
68. Langleben DD, Loughead JW, Bilker WB, Ruparel K, Childress AR, Busch SI. Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 ; 26: 262-72 (Pubitemid 41759883)
69. Langleben DD, Schroeder L, Maldjian JA, Gur RC, McDonald S, Ragland JD. Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study. Neuroimage. 2002 ; 15: 727-32 (Pubitemid 34852541)
70. Lee TM, Au RK, Liu HL, Ting KH, Huang CM, Chan CC. Are errors differentiable from deceptive responses when feigning memory impairment? An fMRI study. Brain Cogn. 2009 ; 69: 406-12
71. Lee TM, Liu HL, Chan CC, Ng YB, Fox PT, Gao JH. Neural correlates of feigned memory impairment. Neuroimage. 2005 ; 28: 305-13 (Pubitemid 41443502)
72. Lee TM, Liu HL, Tan LH, Chan CC, Mahankali S, Feng CM. Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 2002 ; 15: 157-64 (Pubitemid 34194647)
73. Lee TM, Raine A, Chan CC. Lying about the valence of affective pictures: an fMRI study. PLoS ONE. 2010 ; 5 (8). e12291
74. Lenroot RK, Giedd JN. Brain development in children and adolescents: insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006 ; 30: 718-29 (Pubitemid 44292283)
75. Lewis M, Stanger C, Sullivan MW. Deception in 3-year-olds. Dev Psychol. 1989 ; 25: 439-43
76. MacDonald AW, Cohen JD, Stenger VA, Carter CS. Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science. 2000 ; 288: 1835-8 (Pubitemid 30399023)
77. Mameli F, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vergari M, Fumagalli M, Macis M, Ferrucci R. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex specifically processes general-but not personal-knowledge deception: multiple brain networks for lying. Behav Brain Res. 2010 ; 211: 164-8
78. Marino L. What can dolphins tell us about primate evolution?. Evol Anthropol. 1996 ; 5: 81-5 (Pubitemid 126176159)
79. Menza M. The personality associated with Parkinson's disease. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000 ; 2 (5). 421-6
80. Minshew NJ, Keller TA. The nature of brain dysfunction in autism: functional brain imaging studies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2010 ; 23: 124-30
81. Modell JG, Mountz JM, Ford CV. Pathological lying associated with thalamic dysfunction demonstrated by [99mTc]HMPAO SPECT. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1992 ; 4: 442-6
82. Mohamed FB, Faro SH, Gordon NJ, Platek SM, Ahmad H, Williams JM. Brain mapping of deception and truth telling about an ecologically valid situation: functional MR imaging and polygraph investigation-initial experience. Radiology. 2006 ; 238: 679-88 (Pubitemid 43134381)
83. Monteleone GT, Phan KL, Nusbaum HC, Fitzgerald D, Irick JS, Fienberg SE. Detection of deception using fMRI: better than chance, but well below perfection. Soc Neurosci. 2009 ; 4: 528-38
84. Mountz JM, Parker PE, Liu HG, Bentley TW, Lill DW, Deutsch G. Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT scanning in Munchausen syndrome. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1996 ; 21: 49-52 (Pubitemid 126737079)
85. Norman KA, Polyn SM, Detre GJ, Haxby JV. Beyond mind-reading: multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data. Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 ; 10: 424-30 (Pubitemid 44308461)
86. Nose I, Murai J, Taira M. Disclosing concealed information on the basis of cortical activations. Neuroimage. 2009 ; 44: 1380-6
87. Nunez JM, Casey BJ, Egner T, Hare T, Hirsch J. Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control. Neuroimage. 2005 ; 25: 267-77 (Pubitemid 40289154)
88. Oswald DP, Ollendick TH. Role taking and social competence in autism and mental retardation. J Autism Dev Disord. 1989 ; 19: 119-27 (Pubitemid 19108593)
89. Owen AM. The functional organization of working memory processes within human lateral frontal cortex: the contribution of functional neuroimaging. Eur J Neurosci. 1997 ; 9: 1329-39 (Pubitemid 27303233)
90. Peterson CC, Peterson JL, Seeto D. Developmental changes in ideas about lying. Child Dev. 1983 ; 54: 1529-35
91. Phan KL, Magalhaes A, Ziemlewicz TJ, Fitzgerald DA, Green C, Smith W. Neural correlates of telling lies: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 4 Tesla. Acad Radiol. 2005 ; 12: 164-72 (Pubitemid 40269216)
92. Phan KL, Wager T, Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage. 2002 ; 16: 331-48 (Pubitemid 34852450)
93. Polak A, Harris PL. Deception by young children following noncompliance. Dev Psychol. 1999 ; 35: 561-8
94. Priori A, Mameli F, Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, Tiriticco M, Mrakic-Sposta S. Lie-specific involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in deception. Cereb Cortex. 2008 ; 18: 451-5 (Pubitemid 351197805)
95. Ramnani N, Owen AM. Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 ; 5: 184-94 (Pubitemid 38252475)
96. Reeves SJ, Mehta MA, Montgomery AJ, Amiras D, Egerton A, Howard RJ. Striatal dopamine (D2) receptor availability predicts socially desirable responding. Neuroimage. 2007 ; 34: 1782-9 (Pubitemid 46187066)
97. Rowe JB, Toni I, Josephs O, Frackowiak RS, Passingham RE. The prefrontal cortex: response selection or maintenance within working memory?. Science. 2000 ; 288: 1656-60 (Pubitemid 30387434)
98. Rusch N, van Elst LT, Ludaescher P, Wilke M, Huppertz HJ, Thiel T. A voxel-based morphometric MRI study in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Neuroimage. 2003 ; 20: 385-92 (Pubitemid 37188526)
99. Russell J, Mauthner N, Sharpe S, Tidswell T. Strategic deception in a competitive game. Br J Dev Psychol. 1991 ; 9: 331-49
100. Sellal F, Chevalier Y, Collard M. "Pinocchio syndrome": a peculiar form of reflex epilepsy?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993 ; 56: 936 (Pubitemid 23246162)
101. Siegal M, Peterson CC. Breaking the mold: a fresh look at children's understanding of questions about lies and mistakes. Dev Psychol. 1996 ; 32: 322-34
102. Siegal M, Peterson CC. Preschoolers' understanding of lies and innocent and negligent mistakes. Child Dev. 1998 ; 34: 332-41
103. Sip KE, Lynge M, Wallentin M, McGregor WB, Frith CD, Roepstorff A. The production and detection of deception in an interactive game. Neuropsychologia. 2010 ; 48: 3619-26
104. Sip KE, Roepstorff A, McGregor W, Frith CD. Detecting deception: the scope and limits. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 ; 12: 48-53
105. Sodian B, Frith U. Deception and sabotage in autistic, retarded and normal children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1992 ; 33: 591-605
106. Spence SA. The deceptive brain. J R Soc Med. 2004 ; 97: 6-9 (Pubitemid 38121771)
107. Spence SA. Prefrontal white matter-the tissue of lies? Invited commentary on... Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 ; 187: 326-7 (Pubitemid 41442383)
108. Spence SA, Farrow TF, Herford AE, Wilkinson ID, Zheng Y, Woodruff PW. Behavioural and functional anatomical correlates of deception in humans. Neuroreport. 2001 ; 12: 2849-53 (Pubitemid 32881994)
109. Spence SA, Hunter MD, Farrow TF, Green RD, Leung DH, Hughes CJ. A cognitive neurobiological account of deception: evidence from functional neuroimaging. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 ; 359: 1755-62 (Pubitemid 39606383)
110. Spence SA, Kaylor-Hughes CJ. Looking for truth and finding lies: the prospects for a nascent neuroimaging of deception. Neurocase. 2008 ; 14: 68-81 (Pubitemid 351974047)
111. Spence SA, Kaylor-Hughes CJ, Brook ML, Lankappa ST, Wilkinson ID. "Munchausen's syndrome by proxy" or a "miscarriage of justice"? An initial application of functional neuroimaging to the question of guilt versus innocence. Eur Psychiatry. 2008 ; 23: 309-14 (Pubitemid 351938707)
112. Spence SA, Kaylor-Hughes C, Farrow TF, Wilkinson ID. Speaking of secrets and lies: the contribution of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to vocal deception. Neuroimage. 2008 ; 40: 1411-8 (Pubitemid 351382258)
113. Tsujimoto S. The prefrontal cortex: functional neural development during early childhood. Neuroscientist. 2008 ; 14: 345-58 (Pubitemid 352010069)
114. Verhoeven JS, De Cock P, Lagae L, Sunaert S. Neuroimaging of autism. Neuroradiology. 2010 ; 52: 3-14
115. Verschuere B, Crombez G, De Clercq A, Koster EH. Psychopathic traits and autonomic responding to concealed information in a prison sample. Psychophysiology. 2005 ; 42: 239-45 (Pubitemid 40529876)
116. Vrij A. The impact of information and setting on detection of deception by police detectives. J Nonverbal Behav. 1994 ; 18: 117-36
117. Whiten A, Byrne RW. Tactical deception in primates. Behav Brain Sci. 1988 ; 11: 233-73
118. Yang Y, Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, Lacasse L, Colletti P. Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 ; 187: 320-5 (Pubitemid 41442382)
119. Yang Y, Raine A, Narr KL, Lencz T, LaCasse L, Colletti P. Localisation of increased prefrontal white matter in pathological liars. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 ; 190: 174-5
120. Zuckerman M, DeFrank RS, Hall JA, Larrance DT, Rosenthal R. Facial and vocal cues of deception and honesty. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1979 ; 18: 378-96