The prefrontal cortex: Response selection or maintenance within working memory?

Science

Volumn 288, Issue 5471, 2000, Pages 1656-1660

  Rowe, James B ^a   Toni, Ivan ^b   Josephs, Oliver ^a   Frackowiak, Richard S J ^a   Passingham, Richard E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORKING MEMORY;

ANIMALS; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; HAPLORHINI; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MEMORY; PARIETAL LOBE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MEDICAL IMAGING;

DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EVENT RELATED FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RESPONSE SELECTION; WORKING MEMORY;

MAINTENANCE;

EID: 0034595846     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5471.1656     Document Type: Article

References (55)

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7. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
8. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
9. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
10. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
11. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
12. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
13. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
14. Activation has been reported in area 46 of the dorsal prefrontal cortex in some functional imaging studies of human delayed response tasks [S. C. Baker et al. Neuropsychologia 34, 515 (1996); A. Belger et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 14 (1998); S. M. Courtney, L. G. Ungerleider, K. Keil, J. V. Haxby Nature 386, 608 (1997); B. R. Postle and M. D'Esposito, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 585 (1999)] but not in others [A. M. Owen et al., Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 567 (1999); E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996)]. However, activation has been consistently reported in this area when participants are asked to monitor or manipulate items in memory in tasks such as the self-ordered task [M. Petrides, B. Alivisatos, E. Meyer, A. C. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 873 (1993)] or search task [A. M. Owen, A. C. Evans, M. Petrides, Cereb. Cortex 6, 31 (1996)].
15. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
16. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
17. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
18. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
19. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
20. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
21. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
22. In n-back tasks, participants are required to monitor a series of spatial items [E. E. Smith, J. Jonides, R. A. Koeppe, Cereb. Cortex 6, 11 (1996); M. D'Esposito et al., Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); A. M. Owen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7721 (1998)] or verbal items [M. D'Esposito, D. Ballard, G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, Neuroimage 8, 274 (1998); J. D. Cohen et al., Hum. Brain Mapp. 1, 293 (1994); J. D. Cohen et al., Nature 386, 604 (1997); D. M. Barch et al., Neuropsychologia 35,1373 (1997); M. D'Esposito, B. R. Postle, D. Ballard, J. Lease, Brain Cognition 41,66 (1999)] and report when an item is repeated after "n" trials.
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55. Supported by the Wellcome Trust.