메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 523-539

Acute Liver Failure: Current Practice and Recent Advances

Author keywords

Brain edema; Encephalopathy; Liver transplantation

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; MANNITOL; PENTOBARBITAL; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THIOPENTAL;

EID: 80052343561     PISSN: 08898553     EISSN: 15581942     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2011.06.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 17844365270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure
    • American Association for the Study of Liver D
    • Polson J., Lee W.M. AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. Hepatology 2005, 41:1179-1197. American Association for the Study of Liver D.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 1179-1197
    • Polson, J.1    Lee, W.M.2
  • 2
    • 0034051571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of abdominal CT scanning and hepatic histopathology in patients with acute liver failure
    • Shakil A.O., Jones B.C., Lee R.G., et al. Prognostic value of abdominal CT scanning and hepatic histopathology in patients with acute liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2000, 45:334-339.
    • (2000) Dig Dis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 334-339
    • Shakil, A.O.1    Jones, B.C.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 3
    • 21044457995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatic failure
    • Sass D.A., Shakil A.O. Fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Transpl 2005, 11:594-605.
    • (2005) Liver Transpl , vol.11 , pp. 594-605
    • Sass, D.A.1    Shakil, A.O.2
  • 4
    • 41849083084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiologies of acute liver failure
    • Lee W.M., Seremba E. Etiologies of acute liver failure. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008, 14:198-201.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. 198-201
    • Lee, W.M.1    Seremba, E.2
  • 5
    • 0037903643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aetiology and prognostic factors in acute liver failure in India
    • Khuroo M.S., Kamili S. Aetiology and prognostic factors in acute liver failure in India. J Viral Hepat 2003, 10:224-231.
    • (2003) J Viral Hepat , vol.10 , pp. 224-231
    • Khuroo, M.S.1    Kamili, S.2
  • 6
    • 33745631780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of fatal outcome in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Sarwar S., Khan A.A., Alam A., et al. Predictors of fatal outcome in fulminant hepatic failure. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2006, 16:112-116.
    • (2006) J Coll Physicians Surg Pak , vol.16 , pp. 112-116
    • Sarwar, S.1    Khan, A.A.2    Alam, A.3
  • 7
    • 0034024049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure: clinical features, outcome analysis, and applicability of prognostic criteria
    • Shakil A.O., Kramer D., Mazariegos G.V., et al. Acute liver failure: clinical features, outcome analysis, and applicability of prognostic criteria. Liver Transpl 2000, 6:163-169.
    • (2000) Liver Transpl , vol.6 , pp. 163-169
    • Shakil, A.O.1    Kramer, D.2    Mazariegos, G.V.3
  • 8
    • 0027293230 scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes
    • O'Grady J.G., Schalm S.W., Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 1993, 342:273-275.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 273-275
    • O'Grady, J.G.1    Schalm, S.W.2    Williams, R.3
  • 9
    • 38649113597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain edema in acute liver failure
    • Blei A.T. Brain edema in acute liver failure. Crit Care Clin 2008, 24:99-114.
    • (2008) Crit Care Clin , vol.24 , pp. 99-114
    • Blei, A.T.1
  • 10
    • 0036793252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed neuropsychologic dysfunction after liver transplantation for acute liver failure: a matched, case-controlled study
    • Jackson E.W., Zacks S., Zinn S., et al. Delayed neuropsychologic dysfunction after liver transplantation for acute liver failure: a matched, case-controlled study. Liver Transpl 2002, 8:932-936.
    • (2002) Liver Transpl , vol.8 , pp. 932-936
    • Jackson, E.W.1    Zacks, S.2    Zinn, S.3
  • 11
    • 60449109508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain in acute liver failure. A tortuous path from hyperammonemia to cerebral edema
    • Bjerring P.N., Eefsen M., Hansen B.A., et al. The brain in acute liver failure. A tortuous path from hyperammonemia to cerebral edema. Metab Brain Dis 2009, 24:5-14.
    • (2009) Metab Brain Dis , vol.24 , pp. 5-14
    • Bjerring, P.N.1    Eefsen, M.2    Hansen, B.A.3
  • 12
    • 25144511007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects
    • Ranjan P., Mishra A.M., Kale R., et al. Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects. Metab Brain Dis 2005, 20:181-192.
    • (2005) Metab Brain Dis , vol.20 , pp. 181-192
    • Ranjan, P.1    Mishra, A.M.2    Kale, R.3
  • 13
    • 35448939296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension
    • Wright G., Shawcross D., Olde Damink S.W.M., et al. Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension. Metab Brain Dis 2007, 22:375-388.
    • (2007) Metab Brain Dis , vol.22 , pp. 375-388
    • Wright, G.1    Shawcross, D.2    Olde Damink, S.W.M.3
  • 14
    • 38649113124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group
    • Stravitz R.T., Kramer A.H., Davern T., et al. Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Crit Care Med 2007, 35:2498-2508.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 2498-2508
    • Stravitz, R.T.1    Kramer, A.H.2    Davern, T.3
  • 15
    • 0027532984 scopus 로고
    • Complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Blei A.T., Olafsson S., Webster S., et al. Complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1993, 341:157-158.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 157-158
    • Blei, A.T.1    Olafsson, S.2    Webster, S.3
  • 16
    • 0027236759 scopus 로고
    • The safety and value of extradural intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Keays R.T., Alexander G.J., Williams R. The safety and value of extradural intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1993, 18:205-209.
    • (1993) J Hepatol , vol.18 , pp. 205-209
    • Keays, R.T.1    Alexander, G.J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 17
    • 77649102367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertion of intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure patients: early experience using recombinant factor VII
    • Le T.V., Rumbak M.J., Liu S.S., et al. Insertion of intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure patients: early experience using recombinant factor VII. Neurosurgery 2010, 66:455-458.
    • (2010) Neurosurgery , vol.66 , pp. 455-458
    • Le, T.V.1    Rumbak, M.J.2    Liu, S.S.3
  • 18
    • 30444461539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications and use of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure and severe encephalopathy
    • Vaquero J., Fontana R.J., Larson A.M., et al. Complications and use of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure and severe encephalopathy. Liver Transpl 2005, 11:1581-1589.
    • (2005) Liver Transpl , vol.11 , pp. 1581-1589
    • Vaquero, J.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Larson, A.M.3
  • 19
    • 0029023022 scopus 로고
    • Functional loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Larsen F.S., Ejlersen E., Hansen B.A., et al. Functional loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1995, 23:212-217.
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 212-217
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Ejlersen, E.2    Hansen, B.A.3
  • 20
    • 70349242127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of cerebrovascular autoregulation: facts, myths, and missing links
    • Czosnyka M., Brady K., Reinhard M., et al. Monitoring of cerebrovascular autoregulation: facts, myths, and missing links. Neurocrit Care 2009, 10:373-386.
    • (2009) Neurocrit Care , vol.10 , pp. 373-386
    • Czosnyka, M.1    Brady, K.2    Reinhard, M.3
  • 21
    • 33745726988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF
    • Steiner L.A., Andrews P.J.D. Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 2006, 97:26-38.
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.97 , pp. 26-38
    • Steiner, L.A.1    Andrews, P.J.D.2
  • 22
    • 0025168679 scopus 로고
    • Jugular bulb catheterization: experience with 123 patients
    • Goetting M.G., Preston G. Jugular bulb catheterization: experience with 123 patients. Crit Care Med 1990, 18:1220-1223.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 1220-1223
    • Goetting, M.G.1    Preston, G.2
  • 23
    • 0141642132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in head-injured patients: a validation study
    • Steiner L.A., Coles J.P., Johnston A.J., et al. Assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in head-injured patients: a validation study. Stroke 2003, 34:2404-2409.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2404-2409
    • Steiner, L.A.1    Coles, J.P.2    Johnston, A.J.3
  • 24
    • 0026876266 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler: clinical and experimental uses
    • Newell D.W., Aaslid R. Transcranial Doppler: clinical and experimental uses. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1992, 4:122-143.
    • (1992) Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev , vol.4 , pp. 122-143
    • Newell, D.W.1    Aaslid, R.2
  • 25
    • 0029115929 scopus 로고
    • Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic blood flow during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery
    • Kofke W.A., Brauer P., Policare R., et al. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic blood flow during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1995, 26:1603-1606.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1603-1606
    • Kofke, W.A.1    Brauer, P.2    Policare, R.3
  • 26
    • 48949120171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive monitoring of cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with acute liver failure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
    • Aggarwal S., Brooks D.M., Kang Y., et al. Noninvasive monitoring of cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with acute liver failure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Liver Transpl 2008, 14:1048-1057.
    • (2008) Liver Transpl , vol.14 , pp. 1048-1057
    • Aggarwal, S.1    Brooks, D.M.2    Kang, Y.3
  • 27
    • 0015107819 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow measurement with xenon 133 and the scinticamera
    • Torizuka K., Hamamoto K., Morita R., et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measurement with xenon 133 and the scinticamera. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1971, 112:691-700.
    • (1971) Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med , vol.112 , pp. 691-700
    • Torizuka, K.1    Hamamoto, K.2    Morita, R.3
  • 28
    • 0020414911 scopus 로고
    • Progress in cerebrovascular disease: local cerebral blood flow by xenon enhanced CT
    • Gur D., Wolfson S.K., Yonas H., et al. Progress in cerebrovascular disease: local cerebral blood flow by xenon enhanced CT. Stroke 1982, 13:750-758.
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 750-758
    • Gur, D.1    Wolfson, S.K.2    Yonas, H.3
  • 29
    • 0028843239 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Durham S., Yonas H., Aggarwal S., et al. Regional cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity in fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995, 15:329-335.
    • (1995) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.15 , pp. 329-335
    • Durham, S.1    Yonas, H.2    Aggarwal, S.3
  • 30
    • 3442884202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic phenytoin does not improve cerebral edema or survival in acute liver failure-a controlled clinical trial
    • Bhatia V., Batra Y., Acharya S.K. Prophylactic phenytoin does not improve cerebral edema or survival in acute liver failure-a controlled clinical trial. J Hepatol 2004, 41:89-96.
    • (2004) J Hepatol , vol.41 , pp. 89-96
    • Bhatia, V.1    Batra, Y.2    Acharya, S.K.3
  • 32
    • 0033849625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical seizure activity and prophylactic phenytoin infusion in acute liver failure: a controlled clinical trial
    • Ellis A.J., Wendon J.A., Williams R. Subclinical seizure activity and prophylactic phenytoin infusion in acute liver failure: a controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2000, 32:536-541.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 536-541
    • Ellis, A.J.1    Wendon, J.A.2    Williams, R.3
  • 33
    • 0034027030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management
    • Mascia L., Andrews P.J., McKeating E.G., et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management. Intensive Care Med 2000, 26:202-205.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 202-205
    • Mascia, L.1    Andrews, P.J.2    McKeating, E.G.3
  • 34
    • 0022645851 scopus 로고
    • Controlled hyperventilation in the prevention of cerebral oedema in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Ede R.J., Gimson A.E., Bihari D., et al. Controlled hyperventilation in the prevention of cerebral oedema in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1986, 2:43-51.
    • (1986) J Hepatol , vol.2 , pp. 43-51
    • Ede, R.J.1    Gimson, A.E.2    Bihari, D.3
  • 35
    • 0019980993 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure
    • Canalese J., Gimson A.E., Davis C., et al. Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 1982, 23:625-629.
    • (1982) Gut , vol.23 , pp. 625-629
    • Canalese, J.1    Gimson, A.E.2    Davis, C.3
  • 36
    • 1242269427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure
    • Murphy N., Auzinger G., Bernel W., et al. The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatology 2004, 39:464-470.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , pp. 464-470
    • Murphy, N.1    Auzinger, G.2    Bernel, W.3
  • 37
    • 3042775017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Tofteng F., Larsen F.S. The effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2004, 24:798-804.
    • (2004) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.24 , pp. 798-804
    • Tofteng, F.1    Larsen, F.S.2
  • 38
    • 0032005817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation restores cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with acute liver failure
    • Strauss G., Hansen B.A., Knudsen G.M., et al. Hyperventilation restores cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with acute liver failure. J Hepatol 1998, 28:199-203.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 199-203
    • Strauss, G.1    Hansen, B.A.2    Knudsen, G.M.3
  • 39
    • 77951623438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocapnia and the injured brain: more harm than benefit
    • Curley G., Kavanagh B.P., Laffey J.G. Hypocapnia and the injured brain: more harm than benefit. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:1348-1359.
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1348-1359
    • Curley, G.1    Kavanagh, B.P.2    Laffey, J.G.3
  • 40
    • 49749122091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of hyperventilation therapy after traumatic brain injury in Europe: an analysis of the BrainIT database
    • Neumann J.O., Chambers I.R., Citerio G., et al. The use of hyperventilation therapy after traumatic brain injury in Europe: an analysis of the BrainIT database. Intensive Care Med 2008, 34:1676-1682.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1676-1682
    • Neumann, J.O.1    Chambers, I.R.2    Citerio, G.3
  • 41
    • 77953537094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of brain edema in acute liver failure
    • Rabinstein A.A. Treatment of brain edema in acute liver failure. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2010, 12:129-141.
    • (2010) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 129-141
    • Rabinstein, A.A.1
  • 42
    • 12244266202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic therapy: fact and fiction
    • Diringer M.N., Zazulia A.R. Osmotic therapy: fact and fiction. Neurocrit Care 2004, 1:219-233.
    • (2004) Neurocrit Care , vol.1 , pp. 219-233
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Zazulia, A.R.2
  • 43
    • 0028291629 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure
    • Wendon J.A., Harrison P.M., Keays R., et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 1994, 19:1407-1413.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Wendon, J.A.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Keays, R.3
  • 44
    • 0034956864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reactivity to carbon dioxide in acute liver failure by moderate hypothermia
    • Jalan R., Olde Damink S.W., Deutz N.E., et al. Restoration of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reactivity to carbon dioxide in acute liver failure by moderate hypothermia. Hepatology 2001, 34:50-54.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 50-54
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3
  • 45
    • 0031045652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia
    • Marion D.W., Penrod L.E., Kelsey S.F., et al. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:540-546.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 540-546
    • Marion, D.W.1    Penrod, L.E.2    Kelsey, S.F.3
  • 46
    • 7644222090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension
    • Jalan R., Olde Damink S.W., Deutz N.E., et al. Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. Gastroenterology 2004, 127:1338-1346.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 1338-1346
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3
  • 47
    • 0033517489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan R., O Damink S.W., Deutz N.E., et al. Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 1999, 354:1164-1168.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Jalan, R.1    O Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3
  • 48
    • 77951230073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia with intracranial pressure monitoring as a therapeutic paradigm for the management of acute liver failure: a systematic review
    • Dmello D., Cruz-Flores S., Matuschak G.M. Moderate hypothermia with intracranial pressure monitoring as a therapeutic paradigm for the management of acute liver failure: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med 2010, 36:210-213.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 210-213
    • Dmello, D.1    Cruz-Flores, S.2    Matuschak, G.M.3
  • 49
    • 0032970942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Cordoba J., Crespin J., Gottstein J., et al. Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology 1999, 116:686-693.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 686-693
    • Cordoba, J.1    Crespin, J.2    Gottstein, J.3
  • 50
    • 0033796882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of hypertonic saline solutions in treatment of cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension
    • Qureshi A.I., Suarez J.I. Use of hypertonic saline solutions in treatment of cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Crit Care Med 2000, 28:3301-3313.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3301-3313
    • Qureshi, A.I.1    Suarez, J.I.2
  • 51
    • 12244280829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury
    • Battison C., Andrews P.J.D., Graham C., et al. Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury. Crit Care Med 2005, 33:196-202.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 196-202
    • Battison, C.1    Andrews, P.J.D.2    Graham, C.3
  • 52
    • 77957661947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation following severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
    • Bulger E.M., May S., Brasel K.J., et al. Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation following severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010, 304:1455-1464.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 1455-1464
    • Bulger, E.M.1    May, S.2    Brasel, K.J.3
  • 53
    • 33846436078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotherapy with hypertonic saline attenuates water content in brain and extracerebral organs
    • Toung T.J.K., Chen C.-H., Lin C., et al. Osmotherapy with hypertonic saline attenuates water content in brain and extracerebral organs. Crit Care Med 2007, 35:526-531.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 526-531
    • Toung, T.J.K.1    Chen, C.-H.2    Lin, C.3
  • 54
    • 62649140616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral inflammation contributes to encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: protective effect of minocycline
    • Jiang W., Desjardins P., Butterworth R.F. Cerebral inflammation contributes to encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: protective effect of minocycline. J Neurochem 2009, 109:485-493.
    • (2009) J Neurochem , vol.109 , pp. 485-493
    • Jiang, W.1    Desjardins, P.2    Butterworth, R.F.3
  • 55
    • 76749140426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital resuscitation with hypertonic saline-dextran modulates inflammatory, coagulation and endothelial activation marker profiles in severe traumatic brain injured patients
    • Rhind S.G., Crnko N.T., Baker A.J., et al. Prehospital resuscitation with hypertonic saline-dextran modulates inflammatory, coagulation and endothelial activation marker profiles in severe traumatic brain injured patients. J Neuroinflammation 2010, 7:5.
    • (2010) J Neuroinflammation , vol.7 , pp. 5
    • Rhind, S.G.1    Crnko, N.T.2    Baker, A.J.3
  • 56
    • 0024343075 scopus 로고
    • Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure
    • Forbes A., Alexander G.J., O'Grady J.G., et al. Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1989, 10:306-310.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 306-310
    • Forbes, A.1    Alexander, G.J.2    O'Grady, J.G.3
  • 57
    • 0027438332 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the fibrinolytic system in patients with fulminant liver failure
    • Pernambuco J.R., Langley P.G., Hughes R.D., et al. Activation of the fibrinolytic system in patients with fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 1993, 18:1350-1356.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.18 , pp. 1350-1356
    • Pernambuco, J.R.1    Langley, P.G.2    Hughes, R.D.3
  • 58
    • 0026629165 scopus 로고
    • Physiological inhibitors of coagulation in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Langley P.G., Williams R. Physiological inhibitors of coagulation in fulminant hepatic failure. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1992, 3:243-247.
    • (1992) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.3 , pp. 243-247
    • Langley, P.G.1    Williams, R.2
  • 59
    • 0025683133 scopus 로고
    • Thrombin-antithrombin III complex in fulminant hepatic failure: evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation and relationship to outcome
    • Langley P.G., Forbes A., Hughes R.D., et al. Thrombin-antithrombin III complex in fulminant hepatic failure: evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation and relationship to outcome. Eur J Clin Invest 1990, 20:627-631.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.20 , pp. 627-631
    • Langley, P.G.1    Forbes, A.2    Hughes, R.D.3
  • 60
    • 77955018448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with liver disease: the ups and downs
    • Lisman T., Caldwell S.H., Burroughs A.K., et al. Hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with liver disease: the ups and downs. J Hepatol 2010, 53:362-371.
    • (2010) J Hepatol , vol.53 , pp. 362-371
    • Lisman, T.1    Caldwell, S.H.2    Burroughs, A.K.3
  • 61
    • 0016747493 scopus 로고
    • Early changes in coagulation following a paracetamol overdose and a controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma therapy
    • Gazzard B.G., Henderson J.M., Williams R. Early changes in coagulation following a paracetamol overdose and a controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma therapy. Gut 1975, 16:617-620.
    • (1975) Gut , vol.16 , pp. 617-620
    • Gazzard, B.G.1    Henderson, J.M.2    Williams, R.3
  • 62
    • 13844250594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral versus intravenous mixed-micellar phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in severe acute liver disease
    • Pereira S.P., Rowbotham D., Fitt S., et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral versus intravenous mixed-micellar phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in severe acute liver disease. J Hepatol 2005, 42:365-370.
    • (2005) J Hepatol , vol.42 , pp. 365-370
    • Pereira, S.P.1    Rowbotham, D.2    Fitt, S.3
  • 63
    • 0037320717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant activated factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy
    • Shami V.M., Caldwell S.H., Hespenheide E.E., et al. Recombinant activated factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy. Liver Transpl 2003, 9:138-143.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl , vol.9 , pp. 138-143
    • Shami, V.M.1    Caldwell, S.H.2    Hespenheide, E.E.3
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0025125741 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of bacterial infection in acute liver failure: an analysis of fifty patients
    • Rolando N., Harvey F., Brahm J., et al. Prospective study of bacterial infection in acute liver failure: an analysis of fifty patients. Hepatology 1990, 11:49-53.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.11 , pp. 49-53
    • Rolando, N.1    Harvey, F.2    Brahm, J.3
  • 66
    • 0033807687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure
    • Rolando N., Wade J., Davalos M., et al. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure. Hepatology 2000, 32:734-739.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 734-739
    • Rolando, N.1    Wade, J.2    Davalos, M.3
  • 67
    • 56849084117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics and metabolic studies on septic shock in patients with acute liver failure
    • Tsai M.-H., Chen Y.-C., Lien J.-M., et al. Hemodynamics and metabolic studies on septic shock in patients with acute liver failure. J Crit Care 2008, 23:468-472.
    • (2008) J Crit Care , vol.23 , pp. 468-472
    • Tsai, M.-H.1    Chen, Y.-C.2    Lien, J.-M.3
  • 68
    • 0042471690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure
    • Vaquero J., Polson J., Chung C., et al. Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2003, 125:755-764.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 755-764
    • Vaquero, J.1    Polson, J.2    Chung, C.3
  • 69
    • 0027511970 scopus 로고
    • Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant liver failure
    • Rolando N., Gimson A., Wade J., et al. Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 1993, 17:196-201.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 196-201
    • Rolando, N.1    Gimson, A.2    Wade, J.3
  • 70
    • 0030064439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study comparing the efficacy of prophylactic parenteral antimicrobials, with or without enteral decontamination, in patients with acute liver failure
    • Rolando N., Wade J.J., Stangou A., et al. Prospective study comparing the efficacy of prophylactic parenteral antimicrobials, with or without enteral decontamination, in patients with acute liver failure. Liver Transpl Surg 1996, 2:8-13.
    • (1996) Liver Transpl Surg , vol.2 , pp. 8-13
    • Rolando, N.1    Wade, J.J.2    Stangou, A.3
  • 71
    • 0026551439 scopus 로고
    • Selective intestinal decontamination in the prevention of bacterial infection in patients with acute liver failure
    • Salmeron J.M., Tito L., Rimola A., et al. Selective intestinal decontamination in the prevention of bacterial infection in patients with acute liver failure. J Hepatol 1992, 14:280-285.
    • (1992) J Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 280-285
    • Salmeron, J.M.1    Tito, L.2    Rimola, A.3
  • 72
  • 73
    • 34547488467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency in liver disease-what is the evidence?
    • O'Beirne J., Holmes M., Agarwal B., et al. Adrenal insufficiency in liver disease-what is the evidence?. J Hepatol 2007, 47:418-423.
    • (2007) J Hepatol , vol.47 , pp. 418-423
    • O'Beirne, J.1    Holmes, M.2    Agarwal, B.3
  • 74
    • 42249102412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop
    • Lee W.M., Squires R.H., Nyberg S.L., et al. Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop. Hepatology 2008, 47:1401-1415.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , pp. 1401-1415
    • Lee, W.M.1    Squires, R.H.2    Nyberg, S.L.3
  • 75
    • 0019453827 scopus 로고
    • Renal failure in fulminant hepatic failure and terminal cirrhosis: a comparison between incidence, types, and prognosis
    • Ring-Larsen H., Palazzo U. Renal failure in fulminant hepatic failure and terminal cirrhosis: a comparison between incidence, types, and prognosis. Gut 1981, 22:585-591.
    • (1981) Gut , vol.22 , pp. 585-591
    • Ring-Larsen, H.1    Palazzo, U.2
  • 76
    • 0027447647 scopus 로고
    • Improved cardiovascular stability during continuous modes of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute hepatic and renal failure
    • Davenport A., Will E.J., Davidson A.M. Improved cardiovascular stability during continuous modes of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute hepatic and renal failure. Crit Care Med 1993, 21:328-338.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 328-338
    • Davenport, A.1    Will, E.J.2    Davidson, A.M.3
  • 77
    • 0030480412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulatory, respiratory, cerebral, and renal derangements in acute liver failure: pathophysiology and management
    • Ellis A., Wendon J. Circulatory, respiratory, cerebral, and renal derangements in acute liver failure: pathophysiology and management. Semin Liver Dis 1996, 16:379-388.
    • (1996) Semin Liver Dis , vol.16 , pp. 379-388
    • Ellis, A.1    Wendon, J.2
  • 78
    • 0026717561 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vasopressor agents and epoprostenol on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wendon J.A., Harrison P.M., Keays R., et al. Effects of vasopressor agents and epoprostenol on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1992, 15:1067-1071.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 1067-1071
    • Wendon, J.A.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Keays, R.3
  • 79
    • 0034112915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral perfusion, cardiac output, and arterial pressure in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Larsen F.S., Strauss G., Knudsen G.M., et al. Cerebral perfusion, cardiac output, and arterial pressure in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Crit Care Med 2000, 28:996-1000.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 996-1000
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Strauss, G.2    Knudsen, G.M.3
  • 80
    • 1242291931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worsening of cerebral hyperemia by the administration of terlipressin in acute liver failure with severe encephalopathy
    • Shawcross D.L., Davies N.A., Mookerjee R.P., et al. Worsening of cerebral hyperemia by the administration of terlipressin in acute liver failure with severe encephalopathy. Hepatology 2004, 39:471-475.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , pp. 471-475
    • Shawcross, D.L.1    Davies, N.A.2    Mookerjee, R.P.3
  • 81
    • 34547610773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and cerebral extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support
    • Eefsen M., Dethloff T., Frederiksen H.-J., et al. Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and cerebral extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support. J Hepatol 2007, 47:381-386.
    • (2007) J Hepatol , vol.47 , pp. 381-386
    • Eefsen, M.1    Dethloff, T.2    Frederiksen, H.-J.3
  • 82
    • 0028945735 scopus 로고
    • Acute lung injury in fulminant hepatic failure following paracetamol poisoning
    • Baudouin S.V., Howdle P., O'Grady J.G., et al. Acute lung injury in fulminant hepatic failure following paracetamol poisoning. Thorax 1995, 50:399-402.
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 399-402
    • Baudouin, S.V.1    Howdle, P.2    O'Grady, J.G.3
  • 83
    • 0028300085 scopus 로고
    • Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. The Consensus Committee
    • Bernard G.R., Artigas A., Brigham K.L., et al. Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. The Consensus Committee. Intensive Care Med 1994, 20:225-232.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 225-232
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Artigas, A.2    Brigham, K.L.3
  • 84
    • 0343893748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network
    • Anonymous
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1301-1308. Anonymous.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1301-1308
  • 85
    • 0020214958 scopus 로고
    • Changes in hepatic flow induced by continuous positive pressure ventilation in critically ill patients
    • Bonnet F., Richard C., Glaser P., et al. Changes in hepatic flow induced by continuous positive pressure ventilation in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1982, 10:703-705.
    • (1982) Crit Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 703-705
    • Bonnet, F.1    Richard, C.2    Glaser, P.3
  • 86
    • 0018651356 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning
    • Prescott L.F., Illingworth R.N., Critchley J.A., et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J 1979, 2:1097-1100.
    • (1979) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1097-1100
    • Prescott, L.F.1    Illingworth, R.N.2    Critchley, J.A.3
  • 87
    • 33745044739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose
    • CD003328
    • Brok J., Buckley N., Gluud C. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, 2. CD003328.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Brok, J.1    Buckley, N.2    Gluud, C.3
  • 88
    • 0020664865 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo
    • Lauterburg B.H., Corcoran G.B., Mitchell J.R. Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo. J Clin Invest 1983, 71:980-991.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.71 , pp. 980-991
    • Lauterburg, B.H.1    Corcoran, G.B.2    Mitchell, J.R.3
  • 89
    • 73449143152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel mechanisms of protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine
    • Saito C., Zwingmann C., Jaeschke H. Novel mechanisms of protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Hepatology 2010, 51:246-254.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.51 , pp. 246-254
    • Saito, C.1    Zwingmann, C.2    Jaeschke, H.3
  • 90
    • 0025946778 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial
    • Keays R., Harrison P.M., Wendon J.A., et al. Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ 1991, 303:1026-1029.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 1026-1029
    • Keays, R.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Wendon, J.A.3
  • 91
    • 0026432652 scopus 로고
    • Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Harrison P.M., Wendon J.A., Gimson A.E., et al. Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:1852-1857.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1852-1857
    • Harrison, P.M.1    Wendon, J.A.2    Gimson, A.E.3
  • 92
    • 1242338947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcysteine treatment for non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure
    • Sklar G.E., Subramaniam M. Acetylcysteine treatment for non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Ann Pharmacother 2004, 38:498-500.
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 498-500
    • Sklar, G.E.1    Subramaniam, M.2
  • 93
    • 66149098373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure
    • Lee W.M., Hynan L.S., Rossaro L., et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009, 137:856-864.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137 , pp. 856-864
    • Lee, W.M.1    Hynan, L.S.2    Rossaro, L.3
  • 94
    • 33644868070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of serum acetaminophen-protein adducts in patients with acute liver failure
    • Davern T.J., James L.P., Hinson J.A., et al. Measurement of serum acetaminophen-protein adducts in patients with acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2006, 130:687-694.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 687-694
    • Davern, T.J.1    James, L.P.2    Hinson, J.A.3
  • 95
    • 0025109136 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute liver failure with hemodetoxification techniques
    • Splendiani G., Tancredi M., Daniele M., et al. Treatment of acute liver failure with hemodetoxification techniques. Int J Artif Organs 1990, 13:370-374.
    • (1990) Int J Artif Organs , vol.13 , pp. 370-374
    • Splendiani, G.1    Tancredi, M.2    Daniele, M.3
  • 96
    • 10044293019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorbent suspension reactor for extracorporeal detoxification in hepatic failure or drug overdose
    • Ash S.R., Carr D.J., Sullivan T.A. Sorbent suspension reactor for extracorporeal detoxification in hepatic failure or drug overdose. ASAIO J 2004, 50:lviii-lxv.
    • (2004) ASAIO J , vol.50
    • Ash, S.R.1    Carr, D.J.2    Sullivan, T.A.3
  • 97
    • 70349095559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albumin dialysis MARS: knowledge from 10 years of clinical investigation
    • Mitzner S.R., Stange J., Klammt S., et al. Albumin dialysis MARS: knowledge from 10 years of clinical investigation. ASAIO J 2009, 55:498-502.
    • (2009) ASAIO J , vol.55 , pp. 498-502
    • Mitzner, S.R.1    Stange, J.2    Klammt, S.3
  • 98
    • 0023920204 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure
    • O'Grady J.G., Gimson A.E., O'Brien C.J., et al. Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1988, 94:1186-1192.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , pp. 1186-1192
    • O'Grady, J.G.1    Gimson, A.E.2    O'Brien, C.J.3
  • 99
    • 0021078335 scopus 로고
    • Effects of serial resin hemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Bihari D., Hughes R.D., Gimson A.E., et al. Effects of serial resin hemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Artif Organs 1983, 6:299-302.
    • (1983) Int J Artif Organs , vol.6 , pp. 299-302
    • Bihari, D.1    Hughes, R.D.2    Gimson, A.E.3
  • 100
    • 0032927116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS): clinical results of a new membrane-based blood purification system for bioartificial liver support
    • Stange J., Mitzner S.R., Risler T., et al. Molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS): clinical results of a new membrane-based blood purification system for bioartificial liver support. Artif Organs 1999, 23:319-330.
    • (1999) Artif Organs , vol.23 , pp. 319-330
    • Stange, J.1    Mitzner, S.R.2    Risler, T.3
  • 101
    • 0037341647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hemodynamic effects of treatment with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system in patients with hyperacute liver failure: a prospective controlled trial
    • Schmidt L.E., Wang L.P., Hansen B.A., et al. Systemic hemodynamic effects of treatment with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system in patients with hyperacute liver failure: a prospective controlled trial. Liver Transpl 2003, 9:290-297.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl , vol.9 , pp. 290-297
    • Schmidt, L.E.1    Wang, L.P.2    Hansen, B.A.3
  • 102
    • 29744435892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of albumin dialysis on intracranial pressure increase in pigs with acute liver failure: a randomized study
    • Sen S., Rose C., Ytrebo L.M., et al. Effect of albumin dialysis on intracranial pressure increase in pigs with acute liver failure: a randomized study. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:158-164.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 158-164
    • Sen, S.1    Rose, C.2    Ytrebo, L.M.3
  • 103
    • 71949125030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation avoided in patients with fulminant hepatic failure who received albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system while on the waiting list: impact of the duration of therapy
    • Camus C., Lavoue S., Gacouin A., et al. Liver transplantation avoided in patients with fulminant hepatic failure who received albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system while on the waiting list: impact of the duration of therapy. Therap Apher Dial 2009, 13:549-555.
    • (2009) Therap Apher Dial , vol.13 , pp. 549-555
    • Camus, C.1    Lavoue, S.2    Gacouin, A.3
  • 104
    • 0346307516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prometheus-a new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure
    • Rifai K., Ernst T., Kretschmer U., et al. Prometheus-a new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure. J Hepatol 2003, 39:984-990.
    • (2003) J Hepatol , vol.39 , pp. 984-990
    • Rifai, K.1    Ernst, T.2    Kretschmer, U.3
  • 105
    • 70349785419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal liver support therapy with Prometheus in patients with liver failure in the intensive care unit
    • Oppert M., Rademacher S., Petrasch K., et al. Extracorporeal liver support therapy with Prometheus in patients with liver failure in the intensive care unit. Therap Apher Dial 2009, 13:426-430.
    • (2009) Therap Apher Dial , vol.13 , pp. 426-430
    • Oppert, M.1    Rademacher, S.2    Petrasch, K.3
  • 106
    • 78650842686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current development of bioreactors for extracorporeal bioartificial liver (review)
    • Wang Y., Susando T., Lei X., et al. Current development of bioreactors for extracorporeal bioartificial liver (review). Biointerphases 2010, 5:FA116-FA131.
    • (2010) Biointerphases , vol.5
    • Wang, Y.1    Susando, T.2    Lei, X.3
  • 107
    • 78049413962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioartificial liver support systems
    • Pless G. Bioartificial liver support systems. Methods Mol Biol 2010, 640:511-523.
    • (2010) Methods Mol Biol , vol.640 , pp. 511-523
    • Pless, G.1
  • 108
    • 77954603085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional culture of human embryonic stem cell derived hepatic endoderm and its role in bioartificial liver construction
    • Sharma R., Greenhough S., Medine C.N., et al. Three-dimensional culture of human embryonic stem cell derived hepatic endoderm and its role in bioartificial liver construction. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 2010:236147.
    • (2010) J Biomed Biotechnol , vol.2010 , pp. 236147
    • Sharma, R.1    Greenhough, S.2    Medine, C.N.3
  • 109
    • 0026729549 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of fulminant hepatic failure using an extracorporeal liver assist device
    • Sussman N.L., Chong M.G., Koussayer T., et al. Reversal of fulminant hepatic failure using an extracorporeal liver assist device. Hepatology 1992, 16:60-65.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.16 , pp. 60-65
    • Sussman, N.L.1    Chong, M.G.2    Koussayer, T.3
  • 110
    • 0028239104 scopus 로고
    • The Hepatix extracorporeal liver assist device: initial clinical experience
    • Sussman N.L., Gislason G.T., Conlin C.A., et al. The Hepatix extracorporeal liver assist device: initial clinical experience. Artif Organs 1994, 18:390-396.
    • (1994) Artif Organs , vol.18 , pp. 390-396
    • Sussman, N.L.1    Gislason, G.T.2    Conlin, C.A.3
  • 111
    • 0029909765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot-controlled trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device in acute liver failure
    • Ellis A.J., Hughes R.D., Wendon J.A., et al. Pilot-controlled trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device in acute liver failure. Hepatology 1996, 24:1446-1451.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 1446-1451
    • Ellis, A.J.1    Hughes, R.D.2    Wendon, J.A.3
  • 112
    • 0027511974 scopus 로고
    • Development of a bioartificial liver: properties and function of a hollow-fiber module inoculated with liver cells
    • Rozga J., Williams F., Ro M.S., et al. Development of a bioartificial liver: properties and function of a hollow-fiber module inoculated with liver cells. Hepatology 1993, 17:258-265.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 258-265
    • Rozga, J.1    Williams, F.2    Ro, M.S.3
  • 113
    • 11144356892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure
    • Demetriou A.A., Brown R.S., Busuttil R.W., et al. Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure. Ann Surg 2004, 239:660-667.
    • (2004) Ann Surg , vol.239 , pp. 660-667
    • Demetriou, A.A.1    Brown, R.S.2    Busuttil, R.W.3
  • 115
    • 0034821097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety observations in phase I clinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical Bioartificial Liver Support System after the first four patients
    • Mazariegos G.V., Kramer D.J., Lopez R.C., et al. Safety observations in phase I clinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical Bioartificial Liver Support System after the first four patients. ASAIO J 2001, 47:471-475.
    • (2001) ASAIO J , vol.47 , pp. 471-475
    • Mazariegos, G.V.1    Kramer, D.J.2    Lopez, R.C.3
  • 116
    • 0036712823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical, Inc, Bioartificial Liver Support System
    • Patzer J.F., Mazariegos G.V., Lopez R., et al. Preclinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical, Inc, Bioartificial Liver Support System. J Am Coll Surg 2002, 195:299-310.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Surg , vol.195 , pp. 299-310
    • Patzer, J.F.1    Mazariegos, G.V.2    Lopez, R.3
  • 117
    • 25144457094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the outcome of fulminant hepatic failure
    • Shakil A.O. Predicting the outcome of fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Transpl 2005, 11:1028-1030.
    • (2005) Liver Transpl , vol.11 , pp. 1028-1030
    • Shakil, A.O.1
  • 118
    • 77950624513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in a hepatitis B virus endemic area
    • Park S.J., Lim Y.-S., Hwang S., et al. Emergency adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in a hepatitis B virus endemic area. Hepatology 2010, 51:903-911.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.51 , pp. 903-911
    • Park, S.J.1    Lim, Y.-S.2    Hwang, S.3
  • 119
    • 77449107290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure in children
    • Faraj W., Dar F., Bartlett A., et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure in children. Ann Surg 2010, 251:351-356.
    • (2010) Ann Surg , vol.251 , pp. 351-356
    • Faraj, W.1    Dar, F.2    Bartlett, A.3
  • 120
    • 77956265180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers to the successful treatment of liver disease by hepatocyte transplantation
    • Soltys K.A., Soto-Gutierrez A., Nagaya M., et al. Barriers to the successful treatment of liver disease by hepatocyte transplantation. J Hepatol 2010, 53:769-774.
    • (2010) J Hepatol , vol.53 , pp. 769-774
    • Soltys, K.A.1    Soto-Gutierrez, A.2    Nagaya, M.3
  • 121
    • 0037126649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States
    • Ostapowicz G., Fontana R.J., Schiodt F.V., et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002, 137:947-954.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 947-954
    • Ostapowicz, G.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Schiodt, F.V.3
  • 122
    • 0034089244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure
    • Bilir B.M., Guinette D., Karrer F., et al. Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2000, 6:32-40.
    • (2000) Liver Transpl , vol.6 , pp. 32-40
    • Bilir, B.M.1    Guinette, D.2    Karrer, F.3
  • 123
    • 2542637875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One liver, three recipients: segment IV from split-liver procedures as a source of hepatocytes for cell transplantation
    • Mitry R.R., Dhawan A., Hughes R.D., et al. One liver, three recipients: segment IV from split-liver procedures as a source of hepatocytes for cell transplantation. Transplantation 2004, 77:1614-1616.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 1614-1616
    • Mitry, R.R.1    Dhawan, A.2    Hughes, R.D.3
  • 124
    • 33646452424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of hepatocytes from livers from non-heart-beating donors for cell transplantation
    • Hughes R.D., Mitry R.R., Dhawan A., et al. Isolation of hepatocytes from livers from non-heart-beating donors for cell transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006, 12:713-717.
    • (2006) Liver Transpl , vol.12 , pp. 713-717
    • Hughes, R.D.1    Mitry, R.R.2    Dhawan, A.3
  • 125
    • 75449103521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the cryopreservation and thawing protocol for human hepatocytes for use in cell transplantation
    • Terry C., Dhawan A., Mitry R.R., et al. Optimization of the cryopreservation and thawing protocol for human hepatocytes for use in cell transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010, 16:229-237.
    • (2010) Liver Transpl , vol.16 , pp. 229-237
    • Terry, C.1    Dhawan, A.2    Mitry, R.R.3
  • 126
    • 77954148115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of hepatic disease
    • Stutchfield B.M., Forbes S.J., Wigmore S.J. Prospects for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of hepatic disease. Liver Transpl 2010, 16:827-836.
    • (2010) Liver Transpl , vol.16 , pp. 827-836
    • Stutchfield, B.M.1    Forbes, S.J.2    Wigmore, S.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.