Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: In vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 181-192

  Ranjan, Piyush ^a   Mishra, Asht Mangal ^a   Kale, Ravindra ^a   Saraswat, Vivek Anand ^a   Gupta, Rakesh Kumar ^a  

^a SANJAY GANDHI POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Apparent diffusion coefficient; Astrocyte swelling; Cerebral edema; Diffusion weighted MRI; Fulminant hepatic failure

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN REGION; CELL MEMBRANE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXICITY; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FEMALE; GRAY MATTER; HEMISPHERE; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; LIVER FAILURE; MALE; MEASUREMENT; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL; WATER TRANSPORT; WHITE MATTER; WILCOXON SIGNED RANKS TEST;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN EDEMA; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; CHILD; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; LIVER FAILURE, ACUTE; MALE;

EID: 25144511007     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-005-7206-z     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Acharya, S.K., Dasarathy, S., Kumer, T.L., Sushma, S., Prasanna, K.S., Tandon, A., Sreenivas, V., Nijhawan, S., Panda, S.K., Nanda, S.K., Irshad, M., Joshi, Y.K., Duttagupta, S., Tandon, R.K., and Tandon, B.N. (1996). Fulminant hepatic failure in a tropical population: Clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. Hepatology 23:1448-1455.
2. Aggarwal, S., Yonas, H., Kang, Y., Martin, M., Kramer, D., Obrist, W.D., and Darby, J. (1991). Relationship of cerebral blood flow and cerebral swelling to outcome in patients with acute fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc. 23:1978-1979.
3. Albrecht, J., and Dolinska, M. (2001). Glutamine as a pathogenic factor in hepatic encephalopathy. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:1-5.
4. Alper, G., Jarjour, I.T., Reyes, J.D., Towbin, R.B., Hirsch, W.L., and Bergman, I. (1998). Outcome of children with cerebral edema caused by fulminant hepatic failure. Pediatr. Neurol. 18:299-304.
5. Arnold, S.M., Els, T., Spreer, J., and Schumacher, M. (2001). Acute hepatic encephalopathy with diffuse cortical lesions. Neuroradiology 43:551-554.
6. Blei, A.T. (1991). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem. Hepatology 13:376-379.
7. Blei, A.T., Olafsson, S., Therrien, G., and Butterworth, R.F. (1994). Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology 19:1437-1444.
8. Blei, A.T., and Traber, P.G. (1989). Brain edema in experimental fulminant hepatic failure. In (R.F. Butterworth and G. Pomier-Layrargues, eds.), Hepatic Encephalopathy, Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 231-244.
9. Butterworth, R.F., Giguere, J.F., Michaud, J., Lavoie, J., and Layrargues, G.P. (1987). Ammonia: Key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem. Pathol. 6:270-274.
10. Chan, R., Erbay, S., Oljeski, S., Thaler, D., and Bhadelia, R. (2003). Hypoglycemia and diffusion-weighted imaging. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 27:420-423.
11. Conn, H.O. (1994). The hepatic encephalopathies. In (H.O. Conn and J. Bircher, eds.), Hepatic Encephalopathy Syndromes and Therapies, Medi-Ed, Bloomington, IN, pp. 1-12.
12. Cordoba, J., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1996). Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portacaval anastomosis in the rat: Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema. Hepatology 24:919-923.
13. Ede, J.R., and Williams, R.W. (1986). Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema. Semin. Liver Dis. 6:107-118.
14. Gupta, R.K., Saraswat, V.A., Poptani, H., Dhiman, R.K., Kohli, A., Gujral, R.B., and Naik, S.R. (1993). Magnetic resonance imaging and localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 88:670-674.
15. Horowitz, M.E., Schafer, D.F., Molnar, P., Jones, E.A., Blasberg, R.G., Patlak, C.S., Waggoner, J., and Fenstermacher, J.D. (1983). Increased blood brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 84:1003-1011.
16. Jalan, R., Damink, S.W., Deutz, N.E., Lee, A., and Hayes, P.C. (1999). Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 354:1164-1168.
17. Larsen, S. (1996). Cerebral circulation in liver failure: Ohm's law in force. Semin. Liver Dis. 16:281-292.
18. Livingstone, A.S., Potvin, M., Goresky, C.A., Finlayson, M.H., and Hinchey, E.J. (1977). Changes in the blood brain barrier in hepatic coma after hepatectomy in the rat. Gastroenterology 73:697-704.
19. Lodi, R., Tonon, C., Stracciari, A., Weiger, M., Camaggi, V., Iotti, S., Donati, G., Guarino, M., Bolondi, L., and Barbiroli, B. (2004). Diffusion MRI shows increased water apparent diffusion coefficient in the brains of cirrhotics. Neurology 62:762-766.
20. Master, S., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1999). Cerebral blood flow and the development of ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology 30:876-880.
21. McManus, M.L., Churchwell, K.B., and Strange, K. (1995). Regulation of cell volume in health and disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1260-1266.
22. Morgan, M.Y. (1996). Noninvasive neuroinvestigation in liver disease. Semin. Liver Dis. 16:293-314.
23. Norenberg, M.D. (1998). Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 13:319-335.
24. O'Grady, J.G., Alexander, G.J., Hayllar, K.M., and Williams, R. (1989). Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97:439-445.
25. Rajasekar, D., Datta, N.R., Gupta, R.K., and Rao, S.B. (2004). A graphical user interface for automatic image registration software designed for radiotherapy treatment planning. Med. Dosim. 29:239-246.
26. Rose, C., Michalak, A., Rao, K.V., Quack, G., Kircheis, G., and Butterworth, R.F. (1999). L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 30:636-640.
27. Rovira, A., Grive, E., Pedraza, S., Rovira, A., and Alonso, J. (2001). Magnetization transfer ratio values and proton MR spectroscopy of normal appearing cerebral white matter in patients with liver cirrhosis. Am. J. Neruroradiol. 22:1137-1142.
28. Rovira, A., Cordoba, J., Raguer, N., and Alonso, J. (2002). Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of brain edema in patients with liver disease: Resolution after liver transplantation. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 15:731-737.
29. Schaefer, P.W., Grant, P.E., and Gonzalez, R.G. (2000). Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217:331-345.
30. Strauss, G.I., Hogh, P., Moller, K., Knudsen, G.M., Hansen, B.A., and Larsen, F.S. (1999). Regional cerebral blood flow during mechanical hyperventilation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 30:1368-1373.
31. Tandon, B.N., Bernauau, J., O'Grady, J., Gupta, S.D., Krisch, R.E., Liaw, Y.F., Okuda, K., and Acharya, S.K. (1999). Recommendations of the International Association for the study of the Liver Subcommittee on nomenclature of acute and subacute liver failure. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14:403-404.
32. Tominaga, S., Watanabe, A., and Tsuji, T. (1991). Synergistic effect of bile acid, endotoxin, and ammonia on brain edema. Metab. Brain Dis. 6:93-105.
33. Traber, P.G., Dal Canto, M., Ganger, D.R., and Blei, A.T. (1987). Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: Ultrastracture and integrity of blood-brain barrier. Hepatology 7:1272-1277.
34. Ware, A.J., D'Agostino, A.M., and Combes, B. (1971). Cerebral edema: A major complication of massive hepatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 61:877-884.
35. Wendon, J.A., Harrison, P.M., Keays, R., and Williams, R. (1994). Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 19:1407-1413.
36. Willard-Mack, C.L., Koehler, R.C., Hirata, T., Cork, L.C., Takahashi, H., Traystman, R.J., and Brusilow, S.W. (1996). Inhibition of glutamine synthase reduces ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling in rats. Neuroscience 71:589-599.
37. Woods, R.P., Grafton, S.T., Holmes, C.J., Cherry, S.R., and Mazziotta, J.C. (1998). Automated image registration: I. General methods and intrasubject, intramodality validation. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 22:139-152.
38. Zwingmann, C., Chatauret, N., Rose, C., Leibfritz, D., and Butterworth, R.F. (2004). Selective alterations of brain osmolyte in acute liver failure: Protective effects of mild hypothermia. Brain Res. 999:118-123.