메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 379-387

Circulatory, respiratory, cerebral, and renal derangements in acute liver failure: Pathophysiology and management

Author keywords

Cerebral edema; Hemodynamics; Liver failure; Renal

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; PROSTACYCLIN;

EID: 0030480412     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1007251     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (138)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0021809234 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Some aspects of pathogenesis and prognosis
    • Bihari D, Gimson AE, Lindridge J, Williams R: Lactic acidosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Some aspects of pathogenesis and prognosis. J Hepatol 1:405-16, 1985.
    • (1985) J Hepatol , vol.1 , pp. 405-416
    • Bihari, D.1    Gimson, A.E.2    Lindridge, J.3    Williams, R.4
  • 2
    • 0023920204 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure
    • O'Grady JG, Gimson AE, O'Brien CJ, et al: Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 94:1186-92, 1988.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , pp. 1186-1192
    • O'Grady, J.G.1    Gimson, A.E.2    O'Brien, C.J.3
  • 3
    • 0023903858 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Muto Y, Nouri-Aria K, Meager A, et al: Enhanced tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet ii:72-4, 1988.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 72-74
    • Muto, Y.1    Nouri-Aria, K.2    Meager, A.3
  • 4
    • 0000086637 scopus 로고
    • Highly elevated levels of plasma cytokines in fulminant hepatic failure: Correlations with multiorgan failure and death
    • Sheron N. Goka J, Wendon J, et al: Highly elevated levels of plasma cytokines in fulminant hepatic failure: correlations with multiorgan failure and death. Hepatology 12:939, 1990.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.12 , pp. 939
    • Sheron, N.1    Goka, J.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 5
    • 0025853427 scopus 로고
    • Elevated interleukin-6 levels in sera of patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Shiratori Y, Moriwaki H, Kawashima Y: Elevated interleukin-6 levels in sera of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterol Jpn 26:233, 1991.
    • (1991) Gastroenterol Jpn , vol.26 , pp. 233
    • Shiratori, Y.1    Moriwaki, H.2    Kawashima, Y.3
  • 6
    • 0028267057 scopus 로고
    • Metal ions catalytic for free radical reactions in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Evans PJ, Evans RW, Bomford A, et al: Metal ions catalytic for free radical reactions in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Free Rad Res 20:139-44, 1994.
    • (1994) Free Rad Res , vol.20 , pp. 139-144
    • Evans, P.J.1    Evans, R.W.2    Bomford, A.3
  • 7
    • 0023198721 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor
    • Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S: Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327:524-6, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 524-526
    • Palmer, R.M.1    Ferrige, A.G.2    Moncada, S.3
  • 8
    • 0023505509 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide
    • Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, et al: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9265-9, 1987.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 9265-9269
    • Ignarro, L.J.1    Buga, G.M.2    Wood, K.S.3
  • 10
    • 0024549389 scopus 로고
    • Activated murine macrophages secrete a metabolite of arginine with the bioactivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and the chemical activity of nitric oxide
    • Stuehr DJ, Gross SS, Sakuma I, et al: Activated murine macrophages secrete a metabolite of arginine with the bioactivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and the chemical activity of nitric oxide. J Exp Med 169:1011-20, 1989.
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.169 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Stuehr, D.J.1    Gross, S.S.2    Sakuma, I.3
  • 11
    • 0025300228 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in-vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine
    • Liew FY, Millott S, Parkinson C, et al: Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in-vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine. J Immunol 144:4794-7, 1990.
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 4794-4797
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Millott, S.2    Parkinson, C.3
  • 12
    • 0018165296 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid profiles in patients with fulminant hepatic failure treated by repeated polyacrylonitrile membrane haemodialysis
    • Chase R, Davies M, Trewby P, et al: Plasma amino acid profiles in patients with fulminant hepatic failure treated by repeated polyacrylonitrile membrane haemodialysis. Gastroenterology 75:1033-40, 1978.
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.75 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Chase, R.1    Davies, M.2    Trewby, P.3
  • 13
    • 0025134915 scopus 로고
    • Serial prothrombin times: A prognostic indicator in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure
    • Harrison P, O'Grady J, Alexander G, Williams R: Serial prothrombin times: a prognostic indicator in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Br Med J 301:964-6, 1990.
    • (1990) Br Med J , vol.301 , pp. 964-966
    • Harrison, P.1    O'Grady, J.2    Alexander, G.3    Williams, R.4
  • 14
    • 0025946778 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: A prospective controlled trial
    • Keays R, Harrison PM, Wendon JA, et al: Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. Br Med J 303:1026-9, 1991.
    • (1991) Br Med J , vol.303 , pp. 1026-1029
    • Keays, R.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Wendon, J.A.3
  • 15
    • 0026432652 scopus 로고
    • Improvement by acetylcysteine of haemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Harrison PM, Wendon JA, Gimson AES, et al: Improvement by acetylcysteine of haemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 324:1852-8, 1991.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1852-1858
    • Harrison, P.M.1    Wendon, J.A.2    Gimson, A.E.S.3
  • 16
    • 0029869775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of increased guanylate cyclase activation in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Harrison P, Wendon J, Williams R: Evidence of increased guanylate cyclase activation in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 23:1067-72, 1996.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.23 , pp. 1067-1072
    • Harrison, P.1    Wendon, J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 17
    • 0021813725 scopus 로고
    • Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis
    • Haupt MT, Gilbert EM, Carlson RW: Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 131:912-16, 1985.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.131 , pp. 912-916
    • Haupt, M.T.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 18
    • 0022485767 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal complications of fulminant hepatic failure
    • Bihari DJ, Gimson AE, Williams R: Cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal complications of fulminant hepatic failure. Sem Liver Dis 6:119-28, 1986.
    • (1986) Sem Liver Dis , vol.6 , pp. 119-128
    • Bihari, D.J.1    Gimson, A.E.2    Williams, R.3
  • 19
    • 0022409152 scopus 로고
    • Fibronectin and Kuppfer cell function in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Imawari M, Hughes RJD, Gove CD, Williams R: Fibronectin and Kuppfer cell function in fulminant hepatic failure. Dig Dis Sci 30:1028-33, 1985.
    • (1985) Dig Dis Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1028-1033
    • Imawari, M.1    Hughes, R.J.D.2    Gove, C.D.3    Williams, R.4
  • 20
    • 0026717561 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vasopressor agents and epoprostenol on systemic hemodynamics on oxygen transport variables in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wendon J, Harrison P, Keays R, el al: Effects of vasopressor agents and epoprostenol on systemic hemodynamics on oxygen transport variables in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 15:1067-71, 1992.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 1067-1071
    • Wendon, J.1    Harrison, P.2    Keays, R.3
  • 21
    • 0021049122 scopus 로고
    • The hemodynamic effect of profound hypercapnia on acute hypoxic respiratory failure
    • Slotman G, Machiedo G, Novak R, Bush B: The hemodynamic effect of profound hypercapnia on acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Circ Shock 11:187-94, 1983.
    • (1983) Circ Shock , vol.11 , pp. 187-194
    • Slotman, G.1    Machiedo, G.2    Novak, R.3    Bush, B.4
  • 22
    • 0018895577 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of pulmonary embolus with epoprostenol
    • Utsunomiya T, Krauz M, Valeria C, et al: The treatment of pulmonary embolus with epoprostenol- Surgery 88:25-8, 1980.
    • (1980) Surgery , vol.88 , pp. 25-28
    • Utsunomiya, T.1    Krauz, M.2    Valeria, C.3
  • 23
    • 0024214172 scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic value of vasodilator prostaglandins in multiple organ failure associated with sepsis
    • Bihari DJ, Tinker J: The therapeutic value of vasodilator prostaglandins in multiple organ failure associated with sepsis. Int Care Med 15:2-7, 1988.
    • (1988) Int Care Med , vol.15 , pp. 2-7
    • Bihari, D.J.1    Tinker, J.2
  • 24
    • 0027097987 scopus 로고
    • High volume plasma exchange in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Kondrup JAT, Vilstrup H, Tygstrup N: High volume plasma exchange in fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Art Org 11:669-76, 1992.
    • (1992) Int J Art Org , vol.11 , pp. 669-676
    • Kondrup, J.A.T.1    Vilstrup, H.2    Tygstrup, N.3
  • 25
    • 0018967310 scopus 로고
    • Defective opsonisation and complement deficiency in serum from patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wyke RJ, Rajkovic LA, Eddleston AWLF, Williams R: Defective opsonisation and complement deficiency in serum from patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 21:643-9, 1980.
    • (1980) Gut , vol.21 , pp. 643-649
    • Wyke, R.J.1    Rajkovic, L.A.2    Eddleston, A.W.L.F.3    Williams, R.4
  • 26
    • 0015173601 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema: A major complication of massive hepatic necrosis
    • Ware AJ, D'Agostimo AN, Coombes B: Cerebral edema: A major complication of massive hepatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 61:877-84, 1971.
    • (1971) Gastroenterology , vol.61 , pp. 877-884
    • Ware, A.J.1    D'Agostimo, A.N.2    Coombes, B.3
  • 27
    • 0026096553 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem
    • Blei A: Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: distinct aspects of the same problem. Hepatology 13:376-9, 199l
    • (1991) Hepatology , vol.13 , pp. 376-379
    • Blei, A.1
  • 28
    • 0022480012 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema
    • Ede RJ, Williams R: Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema. Sem Liver Dis 6:107-18, 1986.
    • (1986) Sem Liver Dis , vol.6 , pp. 107-118
    • Ede, R.J.1    Williams, R.2
  • 29
    • 0018091982 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cerebral edema and arterial hypotension on cerebral blood flow in an animal model of hepatic failure
    • Trewby PN, Hanid MA, Mackenzie RL, et al: Effects of cerebral edema and arterial hypotension on cerebral blood flow in an animal model of hepatic failure. Gut 19:999-1005, 1978.
    • (1978) Gut , vol.19 , pp. 999-1005
    • Trewby, P.N.1    Hanid, M.A.2    Mackenzie, R.L.3
  • 30
    • 0027316157 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in cerebral perfusion precedes rise of intracranial pressure in rats with ischaemic fulminant liver failure
    • Shah V, Webster S, Gottstein J, Blei AT: Reduction in cerebral perfusion precedes rise of intracranial pressure in rats with ischaemic fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 17:1117-21, 1993.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 1117-1121
    • Shah, V.1    Webster, S.2    Gottstein, J.3    Blei, A.T.4
  • 31
    • 0024539879 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and liver function in patients with encephalopathy due to acute and chronic liver diseases
    • Almdal T. Schroeder T, Ranek L: Cerebral blood flow and liver function in patients with encephalopathy due to acute and chronic liver diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol 24:299-303, 1989.
    • (1989) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.24 , pp. 299-303
    • Almdal, T.1    Schroeder, T.2    Ranek, L.3
  • 33
    • 0028094468 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow velocity during high volume plasmapheresis in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Larsen FS, Hansen BA, Jorgensen LG, et al: Cerebral blood flow velocity during high volume plasmapheresis in fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Art Org 17:353-61, 1994.
    • (1994) Int J Art Org , vol.17 , pp. 353-361
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Hansen, B.A.2    Jorgensen, L.G.3
  • 34
    • 0025812528 scopus 로고
    • Management options in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Kramer D, Aggarwal M, Darby J, et al: Management options in fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proceed 23:1895-8, 1991.
    • (1991) Transplant Proceed , vol.23 , pp. 1895-1898
    • Kramer, D.1    Aggarwal, M.2    Darby, J.3
  • 35
    • 0027952649 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral haemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: A retrospective study
    • Aggarwal S, Kramer D, Yonas H, et al: Cerebral haemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: A retrospective study. Hepatol 19:80-87, 1994.
    • (1994) Hepatol , vol.19 , pp. 80-87
    • Aggarwal, S.1    Kramer, D.2    Yonas, H.3
  • 36
    • 0028291629 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wendon J, Harrison P, Keays R, Williams R: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant hepatic failure, Hepatology 19:1407-13, 1994.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Wendon, J.1    Harrison, P.2    Keays, R.3    Williams, R.4
  • 37
    • 0023123681 scopus 로고
    • +ATPase activity in rats with galactosamine-induced hepatic failure: Relationship to encephalopathy and cerebral oedema
    • +ATPase activity in rats with galactosamine-induced hepatic failure: relationship to encephalopathy and cerebral oedema. Clin Sci 72:365-71, 1987.
    • (1987) Clin Sci , vol.72 , pp. 365-371
    • Ede, R.J.1    Gove, C.D.2    Hughes, R.D.3
  • 39
    • 0022639839 scopus 로고
    • The effect of mannitol on cerebral blood flow
    • Jafar JJ, Johns LM, Mullan SF: The effect of mannitol on cerebral blood flow. J Neurosurg 64:754-9, 1986.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.64 , pp. 754-759
    • Jafar, J.J.1    Johns, L.M.2    Mullan, S.F.3
  • 40
    • 0025291687 scopus 로고
    • Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine
    • Harrison PM, Keays R, Bray GP, et al: Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine. Lancet 1:1572-3, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1572-1573
    • Harrison, P.M.1    Keays, R.2    Bray, G.P.3
  • 41
    • 0028811644 scopus 로고
    • A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993)
    • Makin AJ, Wendon J, Williams R: A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology 109:1907-16, 1995.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 1907-1916
    • Makin, A.J.1    Wendon, J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 42
    • 0022645851 scopus 로고
    • Controlled hyperventilation in the prevention of cerebral oedema in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Ede RJ, Gimson AE, Bihari D, Williams R: Controlled hyperventilation in the prevention of cerebral oedema in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 2:43-51, 1986.
    • (1986) J Hepatol , vol.2 , pp. 43-51
    • Ede, R.J.1    Gimson, A.E.2    Bihari, D.3    Williams, R.4
  • 43
    • 0024343075 scopus 로고
    • Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure
    • Forbes A, Alexander GJ, O'Grady JG, et al: Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 10:306-10, 1989.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 306-310
    • Forbes, A.1    Alexander, G.J.2    O'Grady, J.G.3
  • 44
    • 0027532984 scopus 로고
    • Complications of intracerebral pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Blei A, Olafsson S, Webster S, Levy R: Complications of intracerebral pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure, Lancet 341:157-8, 1993.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 157-158
    • Blei, A.1    Olafsson, S.2    Webster, S.3    Levy, R.4
  • 45
    • 0026695105 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial pressure monitoring and liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure
    • Lidofsky SD, Bass MM, Prager MC, et al: Intracranial pressure monitoring and liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 16:1-7, 1992.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.16 , pp. 1-7
    • Lidofsky, S.D.1    Bass, M.M.2    Prager, M.C.3
  • 46
    • 0027236759 scopus 로고
    • The safety and value of extradural intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Keays RT, Alexander GJ, Williams R: The safety and value of extradural intracranial pressure monitors in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 18:205-9, 1993.
    • (1993) J Hepatol , vol.18 , pp. 205-209
    • Keays, R.T.1    Alexander, G.J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 47
    • 25044474197 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of intracranial pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Ellis AJ. Wendon J, Williams R: Efficacy and safety of intracranial pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 21:S51, 1994.
    • (1994) J Hepatol , vol.21
    • Ellis, A.J.1    Wendon, J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 48
    • 0026693388 scopus 로고
    • Brain water and acute liver failure: The emerging role of intracranial pressure monitoring
    • Donovan JP, Shaw JR, Langnas AN, Sorrell MF: Brain water and acute liver failure: the emerging role of intracranial pressure monitoring. Hepatology 16:267-8, 1992.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.16 , pp. 267-268
    • Donovan, J.P.1    Shaw, J.R.2    Langnas, A.N.3    Sorrell, M.F.4
  • 49
    • 0028279665 scopus 로고
    • Recovery despite impaired cerebral perfusion in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Davies MH, Mutimer D, Lowes J, et al: Recovery despite impaired cerebral perfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 343:1329-30, 1994.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1329-1330
    • Davies, M.H.1    Mutimer, D.2    Lowes, J.3
  • 50
    • 0025980702 scopus 로고
    • Elevated intracranial pressure and computed tomography of the brain in fulminant hepatocellular failure
    • Munoz S, Robinson M, Northup B, et al: Elevated intracranial pressure and computed tomography of the brain in fulminant hepatocellular failure. Hepatology 13(2):209-12, 1991.
    • (1991) Hepatology , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-212
    • Munoz, S.1    Robinson, M.2    Northup, B.3
  • 51
    • 0023937567 scopus 로고
    • Total hepatectomy as a temporary approach to acute hepatic or primary graft failure
    • Ringe B, Pichlmayr R, Lubbe N, et al: Total hepatectomy as a temporary approach to acute hepatic or primary graft failure. Trans Proc XX:552-7, 1988.
    • (1988) Trans Proc , vol.20 , pp. 552-557
    • Ringe, B.1    Pichlmayr, R.2    Lubbe, N.3
  • 52
    • 0027372670 scopus 로고
    • Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Rozga J, Podesta L, LePage E, et al: Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 342:898-9, 1993.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 898-899
    • Rozga, J.1    Podesta, L.2    Lepage, E.3
  • 53
    • 0019453827 scopus 로고
    • Renal failure in fulminant hepatic failure and terminal cirrhosis: A comparison between incidence, types, and prognosis
    • Ring-Larsen H, Palazzo U. Renal failure in fulminant hepatic failure and terminal cirrhosis: a comparison between incidence, types, and prognosis. Gut 22:585-91, 1981.
    • (1981) Gut , vol.22 , pp. 585-591
    • Ring-Larsen, H.1    Palazzo, U.2
  • 54
    • 0015947554 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and type of renal and electrolyte disorders in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wilkinson SP, Blendis IK, Williams R: Frequency and type of renal and electrolyte disorders in fulminant hepatic failure. Br Med J i: 186-9, 1974.
    • (1974) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 186-189
    • Wilkinson, S.P.1    Blendis, I.K.2    Williams, R.3
  • 56
    • 0015945344 scopus 로고
    • Relation of renal impairment and haemorrhagic diathesis to endotoxaemia in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Wilkinson SP, Arroyo V, Gazzard BG, et ai: Relation of renal impairment and haemorrhagic diathesis to endotoxaemia in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet i:521-4, 1974.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 521-524
    • Wilkinson, S.P.1    Arroyo, V.2    Gazzard, B.G.3
  • 57
    • 0025818525 scopus 로고
    • 2 and prostacyclin in decompen-sated liver disease and hepatorenal syndrome
    • 2 and prostacyclin in decompen-sated liver disease and hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterology 100:1069-77, 1991.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 1069-1077
    • Moore, K.P.1    Ward, P.2    Taylor, G.3    Williams, R.4
  • 58
    • 0024605525 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cysteinyl leukotrienes in human urine: Enhanced excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome
    • Huber M, Kastner S, Scholmerich J, et al: Analysis of cysteinyl leukotrienes in human urine: enhanced excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 39:53-60, 1989.
    • (1989) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.39 , pp. 53-60
    • Huber, M.1    Kastner, S.2    Scholmerich, J.3
  • 60
    • 0026490970 scopus 로고
    • Plasma endothelin im-munoreactivity in liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome
    • Moore K, Wendon J, Frazer M, et al: Plasma endothelin im-munoreactivity in liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med 327:1774-8, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1774-1778
    • Moore, K.1    Wendon, J.2    Frazer, M.3
  • 61
    • 0028339368 scopus 로고
    • Renal-dose dopamine: A siren song?
    • Thompson BT, Cockrill BA: Renal-dose dopamine: a siren song? Lancet 344:7-8, 1994.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 7-8
    • Thompson, B.T.1    Cockrill, B.A.2
  • 62
    • 0024458452 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracranial pressure during haemofiltration in oliguric patients with grade IV hepatic encephalopathy
    • Davenport A, Will EJ, Davison AM, et al: Changes in intracranial pressure during haemofiltration in oliguric patients with grade IV hepatic encephalopathy. Nephron 53:142-6, 1989.
    • (1989) Nephron , vol.53 , pp. 142-146
    • Davenport, A.1    Will, E.J.2    Davison, A.M.3
  • 63
    • 0020069168 scopus 로고
    • Platelet adhesiveness to glass beads in liver disease
    • Langley PG, Hughes RD, Williams R: Platelet adhesiveness to glass beads in liver disease. Acta Haemat 67:124-7, 1982.
    • (1982) Acta Haemat , vol.67 , pp. 124-127
    • Langley, P.G.1    Hughes, R.D.2    Williams, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.