메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 515-523

Pretreatment for acute exposure to diisopropylfluorophosphate: In vivo efficacy of various acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Author keywords

Carbamates; Cholinesterase; Cox analysis; DFP; Fluorophosphates; Organophosphate; Oximes; Prophylaxis

Indexed keywords

7 METHOXYTACRINE; AMILORIDE; CARMUSTINE; DYFLOS; METHYLENE BLUE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; OXIME; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; RANITIDINE; TACRINE; TIAPRIDE;

EID: 80051986601     PISSN: 0260437X     EISSN: 10991263     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jat.1589     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 35349018354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unequal efficacy of pyridinium oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning
    • Antonijevic B, Stojiljkovic MP. 2007. Unequal efficacy of pyridinium oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning. Clin. Med. Res. 5(1): 71-82.
    • (2007) Clin. Med. Res. , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-82
    • Antonijevic, B.1    Stojiljkovic, M.P.2
  • 2
    • 10044275708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organophosphates/nerve agent poisoning: mechanism of action, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment
    • Bajgar J. 2004. Organophosphates/nerve agent poisoning: mechanism of action, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. Adv. Clin. Chem. 38: 151-216.
    • (2004) Adv. Clin. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 151-216
    • Bajgar, J.1
  • 3
    • 0032418115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Experience of nerve agents and acute pesticide poisoning on the effects of oximes
    • Balali-Mood M, Shariat M. 1998. Treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Experience of nerve agents and acute pesticide poisoning on the effects of oximes. J. Physiol. Paris 92(5-6): 375-378.
    • (1998) J. Physiol. Paris , vol.92 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 375-378
    • Balali-Mood, M.1    Shariat, M.2
  • 5
    • 33745204824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for translational research on antidotes for pesticide poisoning
    • Buckley NA, Eddleston M, Dawson AH. 2005. The need for translational research on antidotes for pesticide poisoning. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 32(11): 999-1005.
    • (2005) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 999-1005
    • Buckley, N.A.1    Eddleston, M.2    Dawson, A.H.3
  • 6
    • 0030184038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect parasympathomimetic activity of metoclopramide: reversible inhibition of cholinesterases from human central nervous system and blood
    • Chemnitius JM, Haselmeyer KH, Gonska BD, Kreuzer H, Zech R. 1996. Indirect parasympathomimetic activity of metoclopramide: reversible inhibition of cholinesterases from human central nervous system and blood. Pharmacol. Res. 34(1-2): 65-72.
    • (1996) Pharmacol. Res. , vol.34 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 65-72
    • Chemnitius, J.M.1    Haselmeyer, K.H.2    Gonska, B.D.3    Kreuzer, H.4    Zech, R.5
  • 7
    • 33947582886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium-hydrogen exchanger, cardiac overload, and myocardial hypertrophy
    • Cingolani HE, Ennis IL. 2007. Sodium-hydrogen exchanger, cardiac overload, and myocardial hypertrophy. Circulation 115(9): 1090-1100.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.9 , pp. 1090-1100
    • Cingolani, H.E.1    Ennis, I.L.2
  • 8
    • 0000336139 scopus 로고
    • Regression models and life tables
    • Cox DR. 1972. Regression models and life tables. J. R. Statist. Soc. 34: 189-220.
    • (1972) J. R. Statist. Soc. , vol.34 , pp. 189-220
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 9
    • 0037650578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute toxic class methods: alternatives to LD/LC50 tests
    • Diener W, Schlede E. 1999. Acute toxic class methods: alternatives to LD/LC50 tests. ALTEX 16(3): 129-134.
    • (1999) ALTEX , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-134
    • Diener, W.1    Schlede, E.2
  • 11
    • 23644457503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early management after self-poisoning with an organophosphorus or carbamate pesticide - a treatment protocol for junior doctors
    • Eddleston M, Dawson A, Karalliedde L, Dissanayake W, Hittarage A, Azher S, Buckley NA. 2004. Early management after self-poisoning with an organophosphorus or carbamate pesticide - a treatment protocol for junior doctors. Crit. Care 8(6): R391-397.
    • (2004) Crit. Care , vol.8 , Issue.6
    • Eddleston, M.1    Dawson, A.2    Karalliedde, L.3    Dissanayake, W.4    Hittarage, A.5    Azher, S.6    Buckley, N.A.7
  • 12
    • 38949115211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
    • Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH. 2008. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet 371(9612): 597-607.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 597-607
    • Eddleston, M.1    Buckley, N.A.2    Eyer, P.3    Dawson, A.H.4
  • 14
    • 33751319915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia: potential benefits of cholinesterase inhibitor adjunctive therapy
    • Ferreri F, Agbokou C, Gauthier S. 2006. Cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia: potential benefits of cholinesterase inhibitor adjunctive therapy. J. Psychiat. Neurosci 31(6): 369-376.
    • (2006) J. Psychiat. Neurosci , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 369-376
    • Ferreri, F.1    Agbokou, C.2    Gauthier, S.3
  • 15
    • 0019189788 scopus 로고
    • The effects of substituted benzamides on frog rectus abdominis
    • Fontaine J, Reuse J. 1980. The effects of substituted benzamides on frog rectus abdominis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 68(1): 55-60.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-60
    • Fontaine, J.1    Reuse, J.2
  • 16
    • 33847364010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyridostigmine in the treatment of orthostatic intolerance
    • Gales BJ, Gales MA. 2007. Pyridostigmine in the treatment of orthostatic intolerance. Ann. Pharmacother. 41(2): 314-318.
    • (2007) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 314-318
    • Gales, B.J.1    Gales, M.A.2
  • 17
    • 0025821567 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine (THA) as a pretreatment drug for protection of mice from acute diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication
    • Galli A, Mori F. 1991. Effectiveness of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine (THA) as a pretreatment drug for protection of mice from acute diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication. Arch. Toxicol. 65(4): 330-334.
    • (1991) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 330-334
    • Galli, A.1    Mori, F.2
  • 18
    • 0024679059 scopus 로고
    • Ranitidine. An updated review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in peptic ulcer disease and other allied diseases
    • Grant SM, Langtry HD, Brogden RN. 1989. Ranitidine. An updated review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in peptic ulcer disease and other allied diseases. Drugs 37(6): 801-870.
    • (1989) Drugs , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 801-870
    • Grant, S.M.1    Langtry, H.D.2    Brogden, R.N.3
  • 19
    • 40349083695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review
    • Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR, Konradsen F. 2007. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Pub. Health 7: 357.
    • (2007) BMC Pub. Health , vol.7 , pp. 357
    • Gunnell, D.1    Eddleston, M.2    Phillips, M.R.3    Konradsen, F.4
  • 20
    • 79955102195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and uses of organophosphates and carbamates
    • In, Gupta RC (ed). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Gupta RC. 2006. Classification and uses of organophosphates and carbamates. In Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, Gupta RC (ed). Amsterdam: Elsevier; 5-24.
    • (2006) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds , pp. 5-24
    • Gupta, R.C.1
  • 22
    • 0028242076 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine inhibits the anticholinesterase activity of ranitidine and physostigmine
    • Kounenis G, Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou M, Elezoglou V. 1994. Ketamine inhibits the anticholinesterase activity of ranitidine and physostigmine. Gen. Pharmacol. 25(4): 631-634.
    • (1994) Gen. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 631-634
    • Kounenis, G.1    Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou, M.2    Elezoglou, V.3
  • 23
    • 17444416083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the potency of newly developed oximes (K005, K027, K033, K048) and currently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate sarin-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase by in vitro methods
    • Kuca K, Cabal J, Kassa J. 2005. A comparison of the potency of newly developed oximes (K005, K027, K033, K048) and currently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate sarin-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase by in vitro methods. J. Toxicol. Environ. Hlth A 68(8): 677-686.
    • (2005) J. Toxicol. Environ. Hlth A , vol.68 , Issue.8 , pp. 677-686
    • Kuca, K.1    Cabal, J.2    Kassa, J.3
  • 27
    • 34547922765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry of two new asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K-27 and K-48) into the rat brain: comparison with obidoxime
    • Lorke DE, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Sheen R, Kuca K, Petroianu GA. 2007. Entry of two new asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K-27 and K-48) into the rat brain: comparison with obidoxime. J. Appl. Toxicol. 27(5): 482-490.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 482-490
    • Lorke, D.E.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Sheen, R.4    Kuca, K.5    Petroianu, G.A.6
  • 29
    • 55449117133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eight new bispyridinium oximes in comparison with the conventional oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime: in vivo efficacy to protect from diisopropylfluorophosphate toxicity
    • Lorke DE, Nurulain SM, Hasan MY, Kuca K, Musilek K, Petroianu GA. 2008b. Eight new bispyridinium oximes in comparison with the conventional oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime: in vivo efficacy to protect from diisopropylfluorophosphate toxicity. J. Appl. Toxicol. 28(7): 920-8.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 920-928
    • Lorke, D.E.1    Nurulain, S.M.2    Hasan, M.Y.3    Kuca, K.4    Musilek, K.5    Petroianu, G.A.6
  • 30
    • 44149119794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro oxime protection of human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibited by diisopropyl-fluorophosphate
    • Lorke DE, Hasan MY, Arafat K, Kuca K, Musilek K, Schmitt A, Petroianu GA. 2008c. In vitro oxime protection of human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibited by diisopropyl-fluorophosphate. J. Appl. Toxicol. 28(4): 422-429.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-429
    • Lorke, D.E.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Arafat, K.3    Kuca, K.4    Musilek, K.5    Schmitt, A.6    Petroianu, G.A.7
  • 31
    • 34548012771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organophosphates and the gulf war syndrome
    • In, Gupta RC (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • McCauley LA. 2006. Organophosphates and the gulf war syndrome. In Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, Gupta RC (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier; 69-78.
    • (2006) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds , pp. 69-78
    • McCauley, L.A.1
  • 32
  • 33
    • 70349733145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of eight experimental bispyridinium oximes against paraoxon-induced mortality: comparison with the conventional oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime
    • Nurulain SM, Lorke DE, Hasan MY, Shafiullah M, Kuca K, Musilek K, Petroianu GA. 2009. Efficacy of eight experimental bispyridinium oximes against paraoxon-induced mortality: comparison with the conventional oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime. Neurotox. Res. 16(1): 60-67.
    • (2009) Neurotox. Res. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-67
    • Nurulain, S.M.1    Lorke, D.E.2    Hasan, M.Y.3    Shafiullah, M.4    Kuca, K.5    Musilek, K.6    Petroianu, G.A.7
  • 34
  • 35
    • 78650018920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular actions of methylene blue in the nervous system
    • 16 September DOI: 10.1002/med.20177.
    • Oz M, Lorke DE, Hasan M, Petroianu GA. 2009b. Cellular and molecular actions of methylene blue in the nervous system. Med. Res. Rev. 16 September DOI: 10.1002/med.20177.
    • (2009) Med. Res. Rev.
    • Oz, M.1    Lorke, D.E.2    Hasan, M.3    Petroianu, G.A.4
  • 36
    • 0033948654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of intravenous and oral methylene blue
    • Peter C, Hongwan D, Kupfer A, Lauterburg BH. 2000. Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of intravenous and oral methylene blue. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56(3): 247-250.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-250
    • Peter, C.1    Hongwan, D.2    Kupfer, A.3    Lauterburg, B.H.4
  • 37
    • 37449017242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the ability of oximes to reactivate human RBC cholinesterases inhibited by ethyl- and methyl-paraoxon
    • Petroianu GA, Kalasz HJ. 2007. Comparison of the ability of oximes to reactivate human RBC cholinesterases inhibited by ethyl- and methyl-paraoxon. Curr. Org. Chem. 11: 1624-1634.
    • (2007) Curr. Org. Chem. , vol.11 , pp. 1624-1634
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Kalasz, H.J.2
  • 38
    • 0037258618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro protection of plasma cholinesterases by metoclopramide from inhibition by paraoxon
    • Petroianu G, Kuhn F, Thyes C, Ewald V, Missler A. 2003a. In vitro protection of plasma cholinesterases by metoclopramide from inhibition by paraoxon. J. Appl. Toxicol. 23(1): 75-79.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-79
    • Petroianu, G.1    Kuhn, F.2    Thyes, C.3    Ewald, V.4    Missler, A.5
  • 39
    • 0344465448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro protection of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase by metoclopramide from inhibition by organophosphates (paraoxon and mipafox)
    • Petroianu G, Arafat K, Kosanovic M, Saleh A, Camasamudram V, Hasan MY. 2003b. In vitro protection of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase by metoclopramide from inhibition by organophosphates (paraoxon and mipafox). J. Appl. Toxicol. 23(6): 447-451.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 447-451
    • Petroianu, G.1    Arafat, K.2    Kosanovic, M.3    Saleh, A.4    Camasamudram, V.5    Hasan, M.Y.6
  • 41
    • 1842666745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro protection of plasma cholinesterases by metoclopramide from inhibition by mipafox
    • Petroianu G, Kuhn F, Arafat K, Zuleger K, Missler A. 2004a. In vitro protection of plasma cholinesterases by metoclopramide from inhibition by mipafox. J. Appl. Toxicol. 24(2): 143-146.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-146
    • Petroianu, G.1    Kuhn, F.2    Arafat, K.3    Zuleger, K.4    Missler, A.5
  • 42
    • 9644270247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme reactivator treatment in organophosphate exposure: clinical relevance of thiocholinesteratic activity of pralidoxime
    • Petroianu GA, Missler A, Zuleger K, Thyes C, Ewald V, Maleck WH. 2004b. Enzyme reactivator treatment in organophosphate exposure: clinical relevance of thiocholinesteratic activity of pralidoxime. J. Appl. Toxicol. 24(6): 429-435.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 429-435
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Missler, A.2    Zuleger, K.3    Thyes, C.4    Ewald, V.5    Maleck, W.H.6
  • 43
    • 12844274988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective drugs in acute large-dose exposure to organophosphates: a comparison of metoclopramide and tiapride with pralidoxime in rats
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Arafat K, Sheen R, Saleh A, Schmitt A. 2005a. Protective drugs in acute large-dose exposure to organophosphates: a comparison of metoclopramide and tiapride with pralidoxime in rats. Anesth. Analg 100(2): 382-386.
    • (2005) Anesth. Analg , vol.100 , Issue.2 , pp. 382-386
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Arafat, K.4    Sheen, R.5    Saleh, A.6    Schmitt, A.7
  • 44
    • 20544460232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from stronger inhibitors (dichlorvos): in vitro effect of tiapride
    • Petroianu GA, Schmitt A, Arafat K, Hasan MY. 2005b. Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from stronger inhibitors (dichlorvos): in vitro effect of tiapride. Int. J. Toxicol. 24(2): 79-86.
    • (2005) Int. J. Toxicol. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-86
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Schmitt, A.2    Arafat, K.3    Hasan, M.Y.4
  • 45
    • 29944445608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from strong inhibitors (paraoxon): in vitro effect of tiapride
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Arafat K, Nurulain SM, Schmitt A. 2005c. Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from strong inhibitors (paraoxon): in vitro effect of tiapride. J. Appl. Toxicol. 25(6): 562-567.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 562-567
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Arafat, K.3    Nurulain, S.M.4    Schmitt, A.5
  • 46
    • 29944445608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from strong inhibitors (paraoxon): in vitro effect of ranitidine
    • Petroianu GA, Arafat K, Schmitt A, Hasan MY. 2005d. Weak inhibitors protect cholinesterases from strong inhibitors (paraoxon): in vitro effect of ranitidine. J. Appl. Toxicol. 25(1): 60-67.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-67
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Arafat, K.2    Schmitt, A.3    Hasan, M.Y.4
  • 47
    • 13244281720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective agents in acute high-dose organophosphate exposure: comparison of ranitidine with pralidoxime in rats
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Arafat K, Sha Ullah M, Naseer O. 2005e. Protective agents in acute high-dose organophosphate exposure: comparison of ranitidine with pralidoxime in rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 25(1): 68-73.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-73
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Arafat, K.4    Sha Ullah, M.5    Naseer, O.6
  • 48
    • 33646154667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiapride pre-treatment in acute exposure to paraoxon: comparison of effects of administration at different points-in-time in rats
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Arafat K, Shafiullah M, Sheen R. 2006a. Tiapride pre-treatment in acute exposure to paraoxon: comparison of effects of administration at different points-in-time in rats. Mol. Cell Biochem. 285(1-2): 79-86.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell Biochem. , vol.285 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 79-86
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Arafat, K.4    Shafiullah, M.5    Sheen, R.6
  • 49
    • 33750051956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranitidine in acute high-dose organophosphate exposure in rats: effect of the time-point of administration and comparison with pyridostigmine
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Shafiullah M, Sheen R, Nagelkerke N. 2006b. Ranitidine in acute high-dose organophosphate exposure in rats: effect of the time-point of administration and comparison with pyridostigmine. Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 99(4): 312-316.
    • (2006) Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 312-316
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Shafiullah, M.4    Sheen, R.5    Nagelkerke, N.6
  • 50
    • 33847146245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two pre-exposure treatment regimens in acute organophosphate (paraoxon) poisoning in rats: tiapride vs. pyridostigmine
    • Petroianu GA, Hasan MY, Nurulain SM, Arafat K, Sheen R, Nagelkerke N. 2007. Comparison of two pre-exposure treatment regimens in acute organophosphate (paraoxon) poisoning in rats: tiapride vs. pyridostigmine. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 219(2-3): 235-240.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.219 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 235-240
    • Petroianu, G.A.1    Hasan, M.Y.2    Nurulain, S.M.3    Arafat, K.4    Sheen, R.5    Nagelkerke, N.6
  • 51
    • 25444500137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia
    • Peuskens J, Demily C, Thibaut F. 2005. Treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Clin. Ther. 27(suppl. A): S25-37.
    • (2005) Clin. Ther. , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Peuskens, J.1    Demily, C.2    Thibaut, F.3
  • 53
    • 33845622145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system effects and neurotoxicity
    • In, Gupta RC (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Pope CN. 2006. Central nervous system effects and neurotoxicity. In Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, Gupta RC (ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier; 271-291.
    • (2006) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds , pp. 271-291
    • Pope, C.N.1
  • 54
    • 41049111771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for treating dementia: evidence review for a clinical practice guideline
    • Raina P, Santaguida P, Ismaila A, Patterson C, Cowan D, Levine M, Booker L, Oremus M. 2008. Effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for treating dementia: evidence review for a clinical practice guideline. Ann. Intern. Med. 148(5): 379-397.
    • (2008) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.148 , Issue.5 , pp. 379-397
    • Raina, P.1    Santaguida, P.2    Ismaila, A.3    Patterson, C.4    Cowan, D.5    Levine, M.6    Booker, L.7    Oremus, M.8
  • 55
    • 34848913228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment. 1984
    • Rathmann KL, Conner CS. 2007. Alzheimer's disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment. 1984. Ann. Pharmacother. 41(9): 1499-504.
    • (2007) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1499-1504
    • Rathmann, K.L.1    Conner, C.S.2
  • 56
    • 0035106264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of agitation in the elderly with tiapride
    • Robert PH, Allain H. 2001. Clinical management of agitation in the elderly with tiapride. Eur. Psychiatr. 16(suppl. 1): 42s-47s.
    • (2001) Eur. Psychiatr. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Robert, P.H.1    Allain, H.2
  • 57
    • 59149093112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and characterization of cholinesterase-inhibition induced by diisopropyl fluorophosphate in Artemia salina larvae
    • Sanchez-Fortun S, Barahona MV. 2009. Toxicity and characterization of cholinesterase-inhibition induced by diisopropyl fluorophosphate in Artemia salina larvae. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 72(3): 775-780.
    • (2009) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 775-780
    • Sanchez-Fortun, S.1    Barahona, M.V.2
  • 58
    • 0024413668 scopus 로고
    • Physostigmine - an overview as pretreatment drug for organophosphate intoxication
    • Somani SM, Dube SN. 1989. Physostigmine - an overview as pretreatment drug for organophosphate intoxication. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. 27(8): 367-387.
    • (1989) Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 367-387
    • Somani, S.M.1    Dube, S.N.2
  • 59
    • 14044256550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturable distribution of tacrine into the striatal extracellular fluid of the rat: evidence of involvement of multiple organic cation transporters in the transport
    • Sung JH, Yu KH, Park JS, Tsuruo T, Kim DD, Shim CK, Chung SJ. 2005. Saturable distribution of tacrine into the striatal extracellular fluid of the rat: evidence of involvement of multiple organic cation transporters in the transport. Drug. Metab. Dispos. 33(3): 440-448.
    • (2005) Drug. Metab. Dispos. , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 440-448
    • Sung, J.H.1    Yu, K.H.2    Park, J.S.3    Tsuruo, T.4    Kim, D.D.5    Shim, C.K.6    Chung, S.J.7
  • 60
    • 33845730030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial sodium channel inhibition in cardiovascular disease. A potential role for amiloride
    • Teiwes J, Toto RD. 2007. Epithelial sodium channel inhibition in cardiovascular disease. A potential role for amiloride. Am. J. Hypertens. 20(1): 109-117.
    • (2007) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-117
    • Teiwes, J.1    Toto, R.D.2
  • 62
    • 0032994711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success of pyridostigmine, physostigmine, eptastigmine and phosphotriesterase treatments in acute sarin intoxication
    • Tuovinen K, Kaliste-Korhonen E, Raushel FM, Hanninen O. 1999. Success of pyridostigmine, physostigmine, eptastigmine and phosphotriesterase treatments in acute sarin intoxication. Toxicology 134(2-3): 169-178.
    • (1999) Toxicology , vol.134 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 169-178
    • Tuovinen, K.1    Kaliste-Korhonen, E.2    Raushel, F.M.3    Hanninen, O.4
  • 63
    • 33745667074 scopus 로고
    • Standardization of hemoglobinometry II. The hemoglobincyanide method
    • van Kampen EJ, Zijlstra WG. 1961. Standardization of hemoglobinometry II. The hemoglobincyanide method. Clin. Chim. Acta 6: 538-544.
    • (1961) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.6 , pp. 538-544
    • van Kampen, E.J.1    Zijlstra, W.G.2
  • 65
    • 2342435029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve agents: a comprehensive review
    • Wiener SW, Hoffman RS. 2004. Nerve agents: a comprehensive review. J. Intens. Care Med. 19(1): 22-37.
    • (2004) J. Intens. Care Med. , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-37
    • Wiener, S.W.1    Hoffman, R.S.2
  • 66
    • 0032842978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood
    • Worek F, Mast U, Kiderlen D, Diepold C, Eyer P. 1999. Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood. Clin. Chim. Acta 288(1-2): 73-90.
    • (1999) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.288 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 73-90
    • Worek, F.1    Mast, U.2    Kiderlen, D.3    Diepold, C.4    Eyer, P.5
  • 67
    • 33847142211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in evaluation of oxime efficacy in nerve agent poisoning by in vitro analysis
    • Worek F, Eyer P, Aurbek N, Szinicz L, Thiermann H. 2007. Recent advances in evaluation of oxime efficacy in nerve agent poisoning by in vitro analysis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 219(2-3): 226-234.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.219 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 226-234
    • Worek, F.1    Eyer, P.2    Aurbek, N.3    Szinicz, L.4    Thiermann, H.5
  • 68
    • 0019540611 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition and protection of cholinesterase by physostigmine and pyridostigmine against Soman poisoning in vivo
    • Xia DY, Wang LX, Pei SQ. 1981. The inhibition and protection of cholinesterase by physostigmine and pyridostigmine against Soman poisoning in vivo. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1(2): 217-221.
    • (1981) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-221
    • Xia, D.Y.1    Wang, L.X.2    Pei, S.Q.3
  • 69
    • 0025248301 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of amiloride with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
    • Zemach L, Segal D, Shalitin Y. 1990. The interaction of amiloride with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. FEBS Lett. 263(1): 166-168.
    • (1990) FEBS Lett. , vol.263 , Issue.1 , pp. 166-168
    • Zemach, L.1    Segal, D.2    Shalitin, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.