Motion in radiotherapy: Particle therapy

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 56, Issue 16, 2011, Pages

  Bert, C ^a   Durante, M ^a,b  

^a GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG GMBH   (Germany)

^b DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL APPLICATION; CLINICAL TARGET VOLUMES; CLINICAL USAGE; DELIVERY TECHNIQUES; DOSIMETRIC IMPACT; INTERFERENCE EFFECTS; MOTION MANAGEMENT; ORGAN MOTION; PARTICLE THERAPY; PATIENT POSITIONING; SCATTERED BEAMS; TARGET MOTIONS; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT VALIDATION;

DOSIMETERS; DOSIMETRY; PLANNING; RADIOLOGY;

RADIOTHERAPY;

ANIMAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; METHODOLOGY; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PATIENT POSITIONING; RADIATION DOSE; RADIOTHERAPY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; IMMOBILIZATION; MOVEMENT; PATIENT POSITIONING; RADIOTHERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 79961082589     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/16/R01     Document Type: Review

References (177)

1. Adler J R Jr, et al. 1997 The Cyberknife: a frameless robotic system for radiosurgery Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 69 124-8 (Pubitemid 28305430)
2. Artignan X, et al. 2004 Online ultrasound image guidance for radiotherapy of prostate cancer: impact of image acquisition on prostate displacement Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 59 595-601 (Pubitemid 38622619)
3. Balter J M, et al. 1998 Improvement of CT-based treatment-planning models of abdominal targets using static exhale imaging Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 41 939-43 (Pubitemid 28285976)
4. Balter J M, et al. 2005 Accuracy of a wireless localization system for radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 61 933-7 (Pubitemid 40247993)
5. Baroni G, Ferrigno G and Pedotti A 1998 Implementation and application of real-time motion analysis based on passive markers Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 36 693-703
6. Bennett G W, et al. 1978 Visualization and transport of positron emission from proton activation in vivo Science 200 1151-3 (Pubitemid 9087499)
7. Berbeco R I, et al. 2004 Towards tumor tracking in the absence of implanted radio-opaque markers Med. Phys. 31 1759
8. Bert C, et al. 2005 A phantom evaluation of a stereo-vision surface imaging system for radiotherapy patient setup Med. Phys. 32 2753-62 (Pubitemid 41384072)
9. Bert C, et al. 2007 Target motion tracking with a scanned particle beam Med. Phys. 34 4768-71 (Pubitemid 350197715)
10. Bert C, et al. 2009 Gated irradiation with scanned particle beams Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 73 1270-5
11. Bert C, et al. 2010 Dosimetric precision of an ion beam tracking system Radiat. Oncol. 5 61
12. Bert C, Grözinger S O and Rietzel E 2008 Quantification of interplay effects of scanned particle beams and moving targets Phys. Med. Biol. 53 2253-65 (Pubitemid 351570909)
13. Bert C and Rietzel E 2007 4D treatment planning for scanned ion beams Radiat. Oncol. 2 24
14. Bookstein F 1989 Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. 11 567-85
15. Booth J T and Zavgorodni S F 1999 Set-up error and organ motion uncertainty: a review Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 22 29-47 (Pubitemid 30507149)
16. Bortfeld T, Jiang S B and Rietzel E 2004 Effects of motion on the total dose distribution Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 14 41-51 (Pubitemid 38168953)
17. Bouchet L G, et al. 2001 Calibration of three-dimensional ultrasound images for image-guided radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 46 559-77 (Pubitemid 32148517)
18. Britton K R, et al. 2007 Assessment of gross tumor volume regression and motion changes during radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer as measured by four-dimensional computed tomography Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 68 1036-46 (Pubitemid 47048566)
19. Brock K K 2010 Results of a multi-institution deformable registration accuracy study (MIDRAS) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76 583-96
20. Brock K K, et al. 2006 Feasibility of a novel deformable image registration technique to facilitate classification, targeting, and monitoring of tumor and normal tissue Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 64 1245-54
21. Brown W T, et al. 2007a Treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer, stage IA, by image-guided robotic stereotactic radioablation - CyberKnife Cancer J. 13 87-94
22. Brown W T, et al. 2007b CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage I lung cancer: results at 36 months Clin. Lung Cancer 8 488-92 (Pubitemid 47606358)
23. Bush D A, et al. 2004 Hypofractionated proton beam radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer Chest 126 1198-203 (Pubitemid 39391251)
24. Chandra A, et al. 2003 Experience of ultrasound-based daily prostate localization Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 56 436-47 (Pubitemid 36546257)
25. Chang J Y and Cox J D 2010 Improving radiation conformality in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 20 171-7
26. Chaudhri N, et al. 2010 Ion-optical studies for a range adaptation method in ion beam therapy using a static wedge degrader combined with magnetic beam deflection Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3499-513
27. Chen G T, Kung J H and Rietzel E 2007 Four-dimensional imaging and treatment planning of moving targets Front. Radiat. Ther. Oncol. 40 59-71
28. Chiba T, et al. 2005 Proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective review of 162 patients Clin. Cancer Res. 11 3799-805 (Pubitemid 40685599)
29. Chu W T, Ludewigt B A and Renner T R 1993 Instrumentation for treatment of cancer using proton and light-ion beams Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 2055-122
30. Cui Y, et al. 2007 Multiple template-based fluoroscopic tracking of lung tumor mass without implanted fiducial markers Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6229-42 (Pubitemid 350093191)
31. Durante M and Loeffler J S 2010 Charged particles in radiation oncology Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 7 37-43
32. Engelsman M and Kooy H M 2005 Target volume dose considerations in proton beam treatment planning for lung tumors Med. Phys. 32 3549-57
33. Engelsman M, Rietzel E and Kooy H M 2006 Four-dimensional proton treatment planning for lung tumors Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 64 1589-95
34. Enghardt W, et al. 2004 Charged hadron tumour therapy monitoring by means of PET Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 525 284-8
35. Evans P M 2008 Anatomical imaging for radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 53 R151-91
36. Ezhil M, et al. 2008 Comparison of rigid and adaptive methods of propagating gross tumor volume through respiratory phases of four-dimensional computed tomography image data set Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 71 290-6 (Pubitemid 351491421)
37. Ford E C, et al. 2003 Respiration-correlated spiral CT: a method of measuring respiratory-induced anatomic motion for radiation treatment planning Med. Phys. 30 88-97 (Pubitemid 36106012)
38. Furukawa T, et al. 2007 Design study of a raster scanning system for moving target irradiation in heavy-ion radiotherapy Med. Phys. 34 1085-97 (Pubitemid 46355643)
39. Furukawa T, et al. 2010 Moving target irradiation with fast rescanning and gating in particle therapy Med. Phys. 37 4874-9
40. Gemmel A, Bert C, Saito N, Chaudhri N, Iancu G, Neubeck C V, Durante M and Rietzel E 2009 4D calculation and biological dosimetry of the RBE-weighted dose for scanned carbon ion beam therapy World Congress on Medical Physics 1st edn ed O Dössel and W Schlegel (Munich: Springer) pp 377-80
41. Gemmel A, et al. 2008 Biological dose optimization with multiple ion fields Phys. Med. Biol. 53 6991-7012
42. Ghilezan M J, et al. 2005 Prostate gland motion assessed with cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 62 406-17 (Pubitemid 40704457)
43. Gomez D R and Chang J Y 2011 Adaptive radiation for lung cancer J. Oncol. 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931378/?tool=pubmed
44. Grözinger S O, et al. 2004 3D online compensation of target motion with scanned particle beam Radiother. Oncol. 73 (Suppl. 2) S77-9
45. Grözinger S O, et al. 2006 Simulations to design an online motion compensation system for scanned particle beams Phys. Med. Biol. 51 3517-31 (Pubitemid 44026415)
46. Grözinger S O, et al. 2008 Motion compensation with a scanned ion beam: a technical feasibility study Radiat. Oncol. 3 34
47. Gueulette J, et al. 2005 Relative biologic effectiveness determination in mouse intestine for scanning proton beam at Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland: influence of motion Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 62 838-45 (Pubitemid 40779777)
48. Haberer T, et al. 1993 Magnetic scanning system for heavy ion therapy Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 330 296-305
49. Hanley J, et al. 1999 Deep inspiration breath-hold technique for lung tumors: the potential value of target immobilization and reduced lung density in dose escalation Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 45 603-11 (Pubitemid 29462639)
50. Harris E J, et al. 2010 Speckle tracking in a phantom and feature-based tracking in liver in the presence of respiratory motion using 4D ultrasound Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3363-80
51. Hashimoto T, et al. 2006 Repeated proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65 196-202
52. Heeg P, Eickhoff H and Haberer T 2004 Conception of heavy ion beam therapy at Heidelberg University (HICAT) Z. Med. Phys. 14 17-24 (Pubitemid 38435677)
53. Hill D L, et al. 2001 Medical image registration Phys. Med. Biol. 46 R1-45
54. Hiramoto K and Nishi M 1992 Resonant beam extraction scheme with constant separatrix Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 322 154-60
55. Hof H, et al. 2003 Stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 56 335-41 (Pubitemid 36542890)
56. Hoogeman M, et al. 2009 Clinical accuracy of the respiratory tumor tracking system of the cyberknife: assessment by analysis of log files Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 74 297-303
57. Hughes S, et al. 2009 Assessment of two novel ventilatory surrogates for use in the delivery of gated/tracked radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer Radiother. Oncol. 91 336-41
58. Hui Z, et al. 2008 Effects of interfractional motion and anatomic changes on proton therapy dose distribution in lung cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 72 1385-95
59. ICRU 1993 Prescribing, recording, and reporting photon beam therapy Report 50 (Bethesda, MD: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements)
60. ICRU 1999 Prescribing, recording, and reporting photon beam therapy Report 62 (Bethesda, MD: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements)
61. ICRU 2007 ICRU Report 78: Prescribing, recording and reporting proton-beam therapy J. ICRU 7 1-210
62. Ionascu D, et al. 2007 Internal-external correlation investigations of respiratory induced motion of lung tumors Med. Phys. 34 3893-903 (Pubitemid 47482891)
63. Isaksson M, Jalden J and Murphy M J 2005 On using an adaptive neural network to predict lung tumor motion during respiration for radiotherapy applications Med. Phys. 32 3801-9
64. Iwata H, et al. 2010 High-dose proton therapy and carbon-ion therapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer Cancer 116 2476-85
65. Iwata Y, Furukawa T, Noda K, Shirai T, Takada E, Kadowaki T, Sano Y and Uchiyama H 2008 Update of an accelerator control system for the new treatment facility at HIMAC Proc. of the 11th European Particle Accelerator Conf. pp 1800-2
66. Jacso F, Kouznetsov A and Smith W L 2009 Development and evaluation of an ultrasound-guided tracking and gating system for hepatic radiotherapy Med. Phys. 36 5633-40
67. Jäkel O 2006 Ranges of ions in metals for use in particle treatment planning Phys. Med. Biol. 51 N173-7
68. Jäkel O and Reiss P 2007 The influence of metal artefacts on the range of ion beams Phys. Med. Biol. 52 635-44
69. Kalet A, et al. 2010 A state-based probabilistic model for tumor respiratory motion prediction Phys. Med. Biol. 55 7615-31
70. Kato H, et al. 2004 Results of the first prospective study of carbon ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 59 1468-76 (Pubitemid 38954070)
71. Kato S, et al. 2006 Dose escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65 388-97
72. Keall P J 2004 4-dimensional computed tomography imaging and treatment planning Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 14 81-90
73. Keall P J, et al. 2001 Motion adaptive x-ray therapy: a feasibility study Phys. Med. Biol. 46 1-10 (Pubitemid 32104867)
74. Keall P J, et al. 2004 Acquiring 4D thoracic CT scans using a multislice helical method Phys. Med. Biol. 49 2053-67 (Pubitemid 38735491)
75. Keall P J, et al. 2005 Four-dimensional radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking Med. Phys. 32 942-51 (Pubitemid 40586779)
76. Kessler M L 2006 Image registration and data fusion in radiation therapy Br. J. Radiol. 79 (Spec no 1) S99-108
77. Kilby W, et al. 2010 The CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system in 2010 Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 9 433-52
78. Knopf A, Boye D and Zhang Y 2010a Current status of the 4D treatment planning approach at PSI 4D Treatment Planning Workshop (Darmstadt, 2010) p 12 (Abstract)
79. Knopf A, et al. 2010b Special report: workshop on 4D-treatment planning in actively scanned particle therapy. Recommendations, technical challenges, and future research directions Med. Phys. 37 4608-14
80. Knopf A, Hug E and Lomax A 2010c Scanned proton radiotherapy for mobile targets - which plan characteristics require rescanning, which maybe not? Proc. 16th Int. Conf. on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy (Amsterdam)
81. Koto M, et al. 2004 Local control and recurrence of stage I non-small cell lung cancer after carbon ion radiotherapy Radiother. Oncol. 71 147-56 (Pubitemid 38521182)
82. Krämer M, et al. 2000 Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: physical beam model and dose optimization Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3299-317
83. Krämer M and Scholz M 2000 Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: calculation and optimization of biologically effective dose Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3319-30
84. Kubo H D and Hill B C 1996 Respiration gated radiotherapy treatment: a technical study Phys. Med. Biol. 41 83-91 (Pubitemid 26034226)
85. Lambert J, et al. 2005 Intrafractional motion during proton beam scanning Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4853-62 (Pubitemid 41417008)
86. Langen K M, et al. 2008 Observations on real-time prostate gland motion using electromagnetic tracking Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 71 1084-90
87. Langen K M and Jones D T L 2001 Organ motion and its management Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 50 265-78
88. Lattanzi J, et al. 1999 A comparison of daily CT localization to a daily ultrasound-based system in prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 43 719-25 (Pubitemid 29152644)
89. Levin W P, et al. 2005 Proton beam therapy Br. J. Cancer 93 849-54 (Pubitemid 41487007)
90. Li X A, Stepaniak C and Gore E 2006 Technical and dosimetric aspects of respiratory gating using a pressure-sensor motion monitoring system Med. Phys. 33 145-54 (Pubitemid 43121044)
91. Liu H H, et al. 2004 Evaluation of internal lung motion for respiratory-gated radiotherapy using MRI: part II. Margin reduction of internal target volume Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 60 1473-83 (Pubitemid 39601864)
92. Liu H H, et al. 2007 Assessing respiration-induced tumor motion and internal target volume using four-dimensional computed tomography for radiotherapy of lung cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 68 531-40 (Pubitemid 46694175)
93. Lomax A 1999 Intensity modulation methods for proton radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 44 185-205 (Pubitemid 29062235)
94. Lomax A J 2008 Intensity modulated proton therapy and its sensitivity to treatment uncertainties: 2. The potential effects of inter-fraction and inter-field motions Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1043-56 (Pubitemid 351238122)
95. Low D A, et al. 2003 A method for the reconstruction of four-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired during free breathing Med. Phys. 30 1254-63 (Pubitemid 36735993)
96. Lu H M, et al. 2007 A respiratory-gated treatment system for proton therapy Med. Phys. 34 3273-8
97. Lüchtenborg R, Saito N, Chaudhri N, Durante M, Rietzel E and Bert C 2009 On-line compensation of dose changes introduced by tumor motion during scanned particle therapy World Congress on Medical Physics 1st edn ed O Dössel and W Schlegel (Heidelberg: Springer) pp 449-52
98. Lujan A E, et al. 1999 A method for incorporating organ motion due to breathing into 3D dose calculations Med. Phys. 26 715-20 (Pubitemid 29227118)
99. Mayahara H, et al. 2007 Acute morbidity of proton therapy for prostate cancer: the Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center experience Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 69 434-43 (Pubitemid 47380084)
100. Mendenhall N P, et al. 2011 Early outcomes from three prospective trials of image-guided proton therapy for prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. at press
101. Minohara S, et al. 2000 Respiratory gated irradiation system for heavy-ion radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 47 1097-103 (Pubitemid 30345611)
102. Miyamoto T, et al. 2003 Carbon ion radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer Radiother. Oncol. 66 127-40 (Pubitemid 36315822)
103. Miyamoto T, et al. 2007 Curative treatment of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer with carbon ion beams using a hypofractionated regimen Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 67 750-8 (Pubitemid 46215886)
104. Mori S and Chen G T 2008 Quantification and visualization of charged particle range variations Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 72 268-77
105. Mori S, Chen G T and Endo M 2007 Effects of intrafractional motion on water equivalent path length in respiratory-gated heavy charged particle beam radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 69 308-17
106. Mori S, et al. 2008 Quantitative assessment of range fluctuations in charged particle lung irradiation Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 70 253-61 (Pubitemid 350251050)
107. Moyers M F, et al. 2001 Methodologies and tools for proton beam design for lung tumors Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 49 1429-38 (Pubitemid 32294322)
108. Murphy M J 2004 Tracking moving organs in real time Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 14 91-100 (Pubitemid 38168958)
109. Murphy M J and Dieterich S 2006 Comparative performance of linear and nonlinear neural networks to predict irregular breathing Phys. Med. Biol. 51 5903-14 (Pubitemid 46217675)
110. Nakayama H, et al. 2010 Proton beam therapy for patients with medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer at the university of tsukuba Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 78 467-71
111. Negoro Y, et al. 2001 The effectiveness of an immobilization device in conformal radiotherapy for lung tumor: reduction of respiratory tumor movement and evaluation of the daily setup accuracy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 50 889-98 (Pubitemid 32594831)
112. Nehmeh S A, et al. 2003 Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in PET imaging of lung cancer by respiratory correlated dynamic PET: methodology and comparison with respiratory gated PET J. Nucl. Med. 44 1644-8 (Pubitemid 39663338)
113. Newhauser W, et al. 2007 Monte Carlo simulations of the dosimetric impact of radiopaque fiducial markers for proton radiotherapy of the prostate Phys. Med. Biol. 52 2937-52 (Pubitemid 46795239)
114. Nihei K, et al. 2005 Phase II feasibility study of high-dose radiotherapy for prostate cancer using proton boost therapy: first clinical trial of proton beam therapy for prostate cancer in Japan Japan. J. Clin. Oncol. 35 745-52 (Pubitemid 43091660)
115. Nihei K, et al. 2006 High-dose proton beam therapy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65 107-11
116. Nikoghosyan A, et al. 2004 Evaluation of therapeutic potential of heavy ion therapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 58 89-97 (Pubitemid 38010341)
117. Nishio T, et al. 2010 The development and clinical use of a beam ON-LINE PET system mounted on a rotating gantry port in proton therapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76 277-86
118. Noda K, et al. 1996 Slow beam extraction by a transverse RF field with AM and FM Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 374 269-77 (Pubitemid 126369592)
119. Nohadani O, Seco J and Bortfeld T 2010 Motion management with phase-adapted 4D-optimization Phys. Med. Biol. 55 5189-202
120. Nomiya T, et al. 2008 Carbon ion radiation therapy for primary renal cell carcinoma: initial clinical experience Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 72 828-33
121. Ohara K, et al. 1989 Irradiation synchronized with the respiration gate Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 17 853-7
122. Orban de Xivry J, et al. 2007 Tumour delineation and cumulative dose computation in radiotherapy based on deformable registration of respiratory correlated CT images of lung cancer patients Radiother. Oncol. 85 232-8
123. Paganetti H, et al. 2004 Monte Carlo simulations with time-dependent geometries to investigate effects of organ motion with high temporal resolution Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 60 942-50 (Pubitemid 39311776)
124. Paganetti H, Jiang H and Trofimov A 2005 4D Monte Carlo simulation of proton beam scanning: modelling of variations in time and space to study the interplay between scanning pattern and time-dependent patient geometry Phys. Med. Biol. 50 983-90 (Pubitemid 40477318)
125. Parodi K, et al. 2009 4D in-beam positron emission tomography for verification of motion-compensated ion beam therapy Med. Phys. 36 4230-43
126. Pedroni E, et al. 1995 The 200-MeV proton therapy project at the Paul Scherrer Institute: conceptual design and practical realization Med. Phys. 22 37-53
127. Pflugfelder D, Wilkens J J and Oelfke U 2008 Worst case optimization: a method to account for uncertainties in the optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1689-700 (Pubitemid 351423005)
128. Phillips M H, et al. 1992 Effects of respiratory motion on dose uniformity with a charged particle scanning method Phys. Med. Biol. 37 223-33
129. Plathow C, et al. 2005 Influence of different breathing maneuvers on internal and external organ motion: use of fiducial markers in dynamic MRI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 62 238-45 (Pubitemid 40591948)
130. Richter D, et al. 2010 Mitigation of residual motion effects in scanned ion beam therapy Radiother. Oncol. 96 S72
131. Rietzel E and Bert C 2010 Respiratory motion management in particle therapy Med. Phys. 37 449-60
132. Rietzel E and Chen G T Y 2006 Deformable registration of 4D computed tomography data Med. Phys. 33 4423-30 (Pubitemid 44673132)
133. Ritchie C J, et al. 1994 Predictive respiratory gating: a new method to reduce motion artifacts on CT scans Radiology 190 847-52 (Pubitemid 24071058)
134. Rietzel E, et al. 2005a Four-dimensional image-based treatment planning: target volume segmentation and dose calculation in the presence of respiratory motion Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 61 1535-50 (Pubitemid 40470438)
135. Rietzel E, Pan T and Chen G T Y 2005b Four-dimensional computed tomography: image formation and clinical protocol Med. Phys. 32 874-89 (Pubitemid 40586772)
136. RPTC 2011 Erfahrungsbericht zweiter Monat klinischer Betrieb RPTC (May 2009) http://www.rptc.de/de/infobereich/aktuelle-meldungen/erfahrungsberichte/ news-detail/article/erfahrungsbericht-zweiter-monat-klinischer-betrieb-rptc-mai- 09.html
137. Saito N, et al. 2009 Speed and accuracy of a beam tracking system for treatment of moving targets with scanned ion beams Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4849-62
138. Sarrut D 2006 Deformable registration for image-guided radiation therapy Z. Med. Phys. 16 285-97 (Pubitemid 46032058)
139. Schweikard A, et al. 2000 Robotic motion compensation for respiratory movement during radiosurgery Comput. Aided Surg. 5 263-77
140. Schweikard A, Shiomi H and Adler J 2004 Respiration tracking in radiosurgery Med. Phys. 31 2738-41 (Pubitemid 39430998)
141. Schweikard A, Shiomi H and Adler J 2005 Respiration tracking in radiosurgery without fiducials Int. J. Med. Robot. 1 19-27
142. Seco J, et al. 2009 Breathing interplay effects during proton beam scanning: simulation and statistical analysis Phys. Med. Biol. 54 N283-94
143. Seiler P G, et al. 2000 A novel tracking technique for the continuous precise measurement of tumour positions in conformal radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 45 103
144. Shimizu S, et al. 2001 Detection of lung tumor movement in real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 51 304-10 (Pubitemid 32884276)
145. Shioyama Y, et al. 2003 Clinical evaluation of proton radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 56 7-13 (Pubitemid 36403671)
146. Shirato H, et al. 2000 Physical aspects of a real-time tumor-tracking system for gated radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 48 1187-95
147. Shirato H, et al. 2003 Feasibility of insertion/implantation of 2.0-mm-diameter gold internal fiducial markers for precise setup and real-time tumor tracking in radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 56 240-7 (Pubitemid 36403698)
148. Shirato H, et al. 2004 Feasibility of synchronization of real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy from viewpoint of excessive dose from fluoroscopy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 60 335-41 (Pubitemid 39165502)
149. Siebenthal V M, et al. 2007a 4D MR imaging of respiratory organ motion and its variability Phys. Med. Biol. 52 1547-64
150. Siebenthal V M, et al. 2007b Systematic errors in respiratory gating due to intrafraction deformations of the liver Med. Phys. 34 3620-9
151. Slater J D, et al. 1998 Conformal proton therapy for prostate carcinoma Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 42 299-304 (Pubitemid 28502775)
152. Smeenk R J, et al. 2010 Is there a role for endorectal balloons in prostate radiotherapy? A systematic review Radiother. Oncol. 95 277-82
153. Smith A, et al. 2009 The M D Anderson proton therapy system Med. Phys. 36 4068-83
154. Sonke J J and Belderbos J 2010 Adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 20 94-106
155. Sonke J J, et al. 2005 Respiratory correlated cone beam CT Med. Phys. 32 1176-86
156. Sonke J J, Lebesque J and van H M 2008 Variability of four-dimensional computed tomography patient models Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 70 590-8
157. Thirion J-P 1998 Image matching as a diffusion process: an analogy with Maxwell's demons Med. Image Anal. 2 243-60 (Pubitemid 128499389)
158. Torshabi A E, et al. 2010 Targeting accuracy in real-time tumor tracking via external surrogates: a comparative study Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 9 551-62
159. Trofimov A, et al. 2005 Temporo-spatial IMRT optimization: concepts, implementation and initial results Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2779-98 (Pubitemid 40771011)
160. Trofimov A, et al. 2011 Interfractional variations in the setup of pelvic bony anatomy and soft tissue, and their implications on the delivery of proton therapy for localized prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 80 928-37
161. Tsuji H, et al. 2005 Hypofractionated radiotherapy with carbon ion beams for prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 63 1153-60 (Pubitemid 41505295)
162. Tsunashima Y, et al. 2008 Efficiency of respiratory-gated delivery of synchrotron-based pulsed proton irradiation Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1947-59 (Pubitemid 351570901)
163. Underberg R W, et al. 2005 Use of maximum intensity projections (MIP) for target volume generation in 4DCT scans for lung cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 63 253-60 (Pubitemid 41583566)
164. Unkelbach J, et al. 2009 Reducing the sensitivity of IMPT treatment plans to setup errors and range uncertainties via probabilistic treatment planning Med. Phys. 36 149-63
165. Urie M, Goitein M and Wagner M 1984 Compensating for heterogeneities in proton radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 29 553-66 (Pubitemid 14054632)
166. van de Water S, et al. 2009 Tumour tracking with scanned proton beams: assessing the accuracy and practicalities Phys. Med. Biol. 54 6549-63
167. Vedam S S, et al. 2004 Predicting respiratory motion for four-dimensional radiotherapy Med. Phys. 31 2274-83 (Pubitemid 39079720)
168. Wang H, et al. 2005 Validation of an accelerated 'demons' algorithm for deformable image registration in radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2887-905 (Pubitemid 40771018)
169. Weber U, Becher W and Kraft G 2000 Depth scanning for a conformal ion beam treatment of deep seated tumours Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3627-41 (Pubitemid 32005279)
170. Willoughby T R, et al. 2006 Target localization and real-time tracking using the Calypso 4D localization system in patients with localized prostate cancer Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65 528-34
171. Wolthaus J W, et al. 2008 Comparison of different strategies to use four-dimensional computed tomography in treatment planning for lung cancer patients Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 70 1229-38 (Pubitemid 351296128)
172. Wong J W, et al. 1999 The use of active breathing control (ABC) to reduce margin for breathing motion Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 44 911-9 (Pubitemid 29284142)
173. Yan D, et al. 2005 Computed tomography guided management of interfractional patient variation Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 15 168-79 (Pubitemid 40835958)
174. Yang D, et al. 2008 4D-CT motion estimation using deformable image registration and 5D respiratory motion modeling Med. Phys. 35 4577-90
175. Zenklusen S M, Pedroni E and Meer D 2010 A study on repainting strategies for treating moderately moving targets with proton pencil beam scanning at the new Gantry 2 at PSI Phys. Med. Biol. 55 5103-21
176. Zhang T, et al. 2004 Treatment plan optimization incorporating respiratory motion Med. Phys. 31 1576-86 (Pubitemid 38808527)
177. Zietman A L, et al. 2005 Comparison of conventional-dose versus high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 294 1233-9 (Pubitemid 41352111)