메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 868-903

Effect of explicit and implicit instruction on free written response task performance

Author keywords

Classroom research; Explicit and implicit instruction; Explicit and implicit knowledge; Form focused instruction; L1 influence; Second language learning

Indexed keywords


EID: 79961008218     PISSN: 00238333     EISSN: 14679922     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00623.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (72)
  • 2
    • 79961007687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Authorware. San Francisco: Macromedia.
    • Authorware. (1999). San Francisco: Macromedia.
    • (1999)
  • 3
    • 61449099627 scopus 로고
    • Psycholinguistic dimensions of second language proficiency
    • In W. Rutherford & M. A. Sharwood Smith (Eds.), New York: Newbury House.
    • Bialystok, E. (1989). Psycholinguistic dimensions of second language proficiency. In W. Rutherford & M. A. Sharwood Smith (Eds.), Grammar and second language teaching: A book of readings (pp. 31-50). New York: Newbury House.
    • (1989) Grammar and second language teaching: A book of readings , pp. 31-50
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 4
    • 84974509535 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and control in the development of second language proficiency
    • Bialystok, E. (1994). Analysis and control in the development of second language proficiency. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16(2), 157-168.
    • (1994) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-168
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 6
    • 79960986726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some reflections on the development of (meta-analytic) synthesis in second language research
    • In J. M. Norris & L. Ortega (Eds.), Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • Chaudron, C. (2006). Some reflections on the development of (meta-analytic) synthesis in second language research. In J. M. Norris & L. Ortega (Eds.), Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching (pp. 323-339). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • (2006) Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching , pp. 323-339
    • Chaudron, C.1
  • 8
    • 0035644950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating formal and functional approaches to language teaching in French immersion: An experimental study
    • Day, E. M., & Shapson, S. M. (2001). Integrating formal and functional approaches to language teaching in French immersion: An experimental study. Language Learning, 51(Suppl. 1), 47-80.
    • (2001) Language Learning , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 47-80
    • Day, E.M.1    Shapson, S.M.2
  • 10
    • 84971872104 scopus 로고
    • Learning second language grammar rules: An experiment with a miniature linguistic system
    • DeKeyser, R. (1995). Learning second language grammar rules: An experiment with a miniature linguistic system. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17, 379-410.
    • (1995) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.17 , pp. 379-410
    • DeKeyser, R.1
  • 11
    • 0038183522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond focus on form: Cognitive perspectives on learning and practicing in L2 grammar
    • In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • DeKeyser, R. (1998). Beyond focus on form: Cognitive perspectives on learning and practicing in L2 grammar. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 42-63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 42-63
    • DeKeyser, R.1
  • 12
    • 85137621708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition
    • DeKeyser, R. (2000). The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22(4), 499-533.
    • (2000) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 499-533
    • DeKeyser, R.1
  • 13
    • 19944425289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit learning
    • In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell.
    • DeKeyser, R. (2003). Implicit and explicit learning. In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 313-348). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2003) The handbook of second language acquisition , pp. 313-348
    • DeKeyser, R.1
  • 14
    • 19944390658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes learning second-language grammar difficult? A review of issues
    • DeKeyser, R. (2005). What makes learning second-language grammar difficult? A review of issues. Language Learning, 55 (Suppl. 1), 1-25.
    • (2005) Language Learning , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 1-25
    • DeKeyser, R.1
  • 15
    • 0010950998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive underpinnings of focus on form
    • In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Doughty, C. (2001). Cognitive underpinnings of focus on form. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction (pp. 206-257). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2001) Cognition and second language instruction , pp. 206-257
    • Doughty, C.1
  • 16
    • 84955416550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructed SLA: Constraints, compensation and enhancement
    • In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell.
    • Doughty, C. (2003). Instructed SLA: Constraints, compensation and enhancement. In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 256-310). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2003) The handbook of second language acquisition , pp. 256-310
    • Doughty, C.1
  • 17
    • 0011143001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedagogical choices in focus on form
    • In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Doughty, C., & Williams, J. (1998). Pedagogical choices in focus on form. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 197-261). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 197-261
    • Doughty, C.1    Williams, J.2
  • 18
    • 33644586582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At the interface: Dynamic interactions of explicit and implicit language knowledge
    • Ellis, N. C. (2005). At the interface: Dynamic interactions of explicit and implicit language knowledge. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 305-352.
    • (2005) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.27 , pp. 305-352
    • Ellis, N.C.1
  • 19
    • 85127423599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis, human cognition, and language learning
    • In J. M. Norris & L. Ortega (Eds.), Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • Ellis, N. C. (2006). Meta-analysis, human cognition, and language learning. In J. M. Norris & L. Ortega (Eds.), Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching (pp. 301-322). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • (2006) Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching , pp. 301-322
    • Ellis, N.C.1
  • 20
    • 33845215418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language emergence: Implications for applied linguistics
    • Ellis, N. C., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2006). Language emergence: Implications for applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 27(4), 558-589.
    • (2006) Applied Linguistics , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 558-589
    • Ellis, N.C.1    Larsen-Freeman, D.2
  • 21
    • 0009370522 scopus 로고
    • A theory of instructed second language acquisition
    • In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), London: Academic Press.
    • Ellis, R. (1994). A theory of instructed second language acquisition. In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 79-114). London: Academic Press.
    • (1994) Implicit and explicit learning of languages , pp. 79-114
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 23
    • 21244441182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating form-focused instruction
    • Ellis, R. (2001). Investigating form-focused instruction. Language Learning, 51(Suppl. 1), 1-46.
    • (2001) Language Learning , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 1-46
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 24
    • 85137107264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A review of the research
    • Ellis, R. (2002). Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A review of the research. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24, 223-236.
    • (2002) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.24 , pp. 223-236
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 25
    • 3042525894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition and measurement of explicit knowledge
    • Ellis, R. (2004). The definition and measurement of explicit knowledge. Language Learning, 54(2), 227-275.
    • (2004) Language Learning , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-275
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 26
    • 33644595196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study
    • Ellis, R. (2005). Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 141-172.
    • (2005) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.27 , pp. 141-172
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 27
    • 79960975422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit form-focused instruction and second language acquisition
    • In B. Spolsky & F. M. Hult (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell.
    • Ellis, R. (2007). Explicit form-focused instruction and second language acquisition. In B. Spolsky & F. M. Hult (Eds.), The handbook of educational linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2007) The handbook of educational linguistics
    • Ellis, R.1
  • 28
    • 33646064137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit and implicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar
    • Ellis, R., Loewen, S., & Erlam, R. (2006). Explicit and implicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28, 339-368.
    • (2006) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.28 , pp. 339-368
    • Ellis, R.1    Loewen, S.2    Erlam, R.3
  • 29
    • 0035585186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the "Natural order of L2 morpheme acquisition" in English: A meta-analysis of multiple determinants
    • Goldschneider, J. M., & DeKeyser, R. (2001). Explaining the "Natural order of L2 morpheme acquisition" in English: A meta-analysis of multiple determinants. Language Learning, 51 (1), 1-50.
    • (2001) Language Learning , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-50
    • Goldschneider, J.M.1    DeKeyser, R.2
  • 30
    • 0002045732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge and general proficiency
    • Han, Y., & Ellis, R. (1998). Implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge and general proficiency. Language Teaching Research, 2(1), 1-23.
    • (1998) Language Teaching Research , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Han, Y.1    Ellis, R.2
  • 31
    • 0003105588 scopus 로고
    • Functional grammar in French immersion: A classroom experiment
    • Harley, B. (1989). Functional grammar in French immersion: A classroom experiment. Applied Linguistics, 10(3), 331-359.
    • (1989) Applied Linguistics , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 331-359
    • Harley, B.1
  • 32
    • 56349144626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating instructed second language acquisition
    • In A. Housen & M. Pierrard (Eds.), Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • Housen, A., & Pierrard, M. (2005). Investigating instructed second language acquisition. In A. Housen & M. Pierrard (Eds.), Investigations in instructed second language acquisition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (2005) Investigations in instructed second language acquisition
    • Housen, A.1    Pierrard, M.2
  • 34
    • 84992905115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a unified account of the representation, processing and acquisition of second language knowledge
    • Hulstijn, J. H. (2002). Towards a unified account of the representation, processing and acquisition of second language knowledge. Second Language Research, 18(3), 193-223.
    • (2002) Second Language Research , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-223
    • Hulstijn, J.H.1
  • 35
    • 33644605167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and empirical issues in the study of implicit and explicit second-language learning
    • Hulstijn, J. H. (2005). Theoretical and empirical issues in the study of implicit and explicit second-language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 129-140.
    • (2005) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.27 , pp. 129-140
    • Hulstijn, J.H.1
  • 36
    • 0002849573 scopus 로고
    • Under what conditions does explicit knowledge of a second language facilitate the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A research proposal
    • Hulstijn, J. H., & de Graaff, R. (1994). Under what conditions does explicit knowledge of a second language facilitate the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A research proposal. AILA Review, 11, 97-112.
    • (1994) AILA Review , vol.11 , pp. 97-112
    • Hulstijn, J.H.1    de Graaff, R.2
  • 37
    • 0040952386 scopus 로고
    • Does textual enhancement promote noticing? A think-aloud protocol analysis
    • In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
    • Jourdenais, R., Ota, M., Stauffer, S., Boyson, B., & Doughty, C. (1995). Does textual enhancement promote noticing? A think-aloud protocol analysis. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
    • (1995) Attention and awareness in foreign language learning
    • Jourdenais, R.1    Ota, M.2    Stauffer, S.3    Boyson, B.4    Doughty, C.5
  • 40
    • 0001883359 scopus 로고
    • The input hypothesis and its rivals
    • In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), London: Academic Press.
    • Krashen, S. (1994). The input hypothesis and its rivals. In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 45-77). London: Academic Press.
    • (1994) Implicit and explicit learning of languages , pp. 45-77
    • Krashen, S.1
  • 41
    • 33747897962 scopus 로고
    • On the teaching and learning of grammar: Challenging the myths
    • In F. R. Eckman, D. Highland, P. W. Lee, J. Mileham, & R. Rutkowski Weber (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Larsen-Freeman, D. (1995). On the teaching and learning of grammar: Challenging the myths. In F. R. Eckman, D. Highland, P. W. Lee, J. Mileham, & R. Rutkowski Weber (Eds.), Second langauge acquisition theory and pedagogy (pp. 131-150). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1995) Second langauge acquisition theory and pedagogy , pp. 131-150
    • Larsen-Freeman, D.1
  • 43
    • 0003300444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of timing in focus on form
    • In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Lightbown, P. M. (1998). The importance of timing in focus on form. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 177-196). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 177-196
    • Lightbown, P.M.1
  • 44
    • 0034364911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom SLA research and second language teaching
    • Lightbown, P. M. (2001). Classroom SLA research and second language teaching. Applied Linguistics, 21(4), 431-462.
    • (2001) Applied Linguistics , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-462
    • Lightbown, P.M.1
  • 45
    • 84995139736 scopus 로고
    • Does second language instruction make a difference? A review of the research
    • Long, M. H. (1983). Does second language instruction make a difference? A review of the research. TESOL Quarterly, 17, 359-382.
    • (1983) TESOL Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 359-382
    • Long, M.H.1
  • 46
    • 0000190559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus on form: Theory, research, and practise
    • In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Long, M. H., & Robinson, P. (1998). Focus on form: Theory, research, and practise. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 15-41). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 15-41
    • Long, M.H.1    Robinson, P.2
  • 47
    • 0000350374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversational interaction and second language development: Recasts, responses, and red herrings?
    • Mackey, A., & Philp, J. (1998). Conversational interaction and second language development: Recasts, responses, and red herrings? Modern Language Journal, 82(3), 338-356.
    • (1998) Modern Language Journal , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 338-356
    • Mackey, A.1    Philp, J.2
  • 48
    • 84948954296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muñoz, C. (Ed.).. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
    • Muñoz, C. (Ed.). (2006). Age and the rate of foreign language learning. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
    • (2006) Age and the rate of foreign language learning
  • 49
    • 0034365340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus on form through interaction enhancement: Integrating formal instruction into a communicative task in EFL classrooms
    • Muranoi, H. (2000). Focus on form through interaction enhancement: Integrating formal instruction into a communicative task in EFL classrooms. Language Learning, 50 (4), 617-673.
    • (2000) Language Learning , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 617-673
    • Muranoi, H.1
  • 50
    • 0034394884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantative meta-analysis
    • Norris, J. M., & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantative meta-analysis. Language Learning, 50(3), 417-528.
    • (2000) Language Learning , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-528
    • Norris, J.M.1    Ortega, L.2
  • 51
    • 84955348111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-linguistic influence
    • In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell.
    • Odlin, T. (2003). Cross-linguistic influence. In C. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 436-486). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2003) The handbook of second language acquisition , pp. 436-486
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 53
    • 0001885055 scopus 로고
    • Neurolinguistic aspects of implicit and explicit learning: Implications for bilingualism and SLA
    • In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), London: Academic Press.
    • Paradis, M. (1994). Neurolinguistic aspects of implicit and explicit learning: Implications for bilingualism and SLA. In N. C. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 393-419). London: Academic Press.
    • (1994) Implicit and explicit learning of languages , pp. 393-419
    • Paradis, M.1
  • 55
    • 0002033884 scopus 로고
    • Determining the influence of instruction on L2 speech processing
    • Pienemann, M. (1988). Determining the influence of instruction on L2 speech processing. AILA Review, 5, 40-72.
    • (1988) AILA Review , vol.5 , pp. 40-72
    • Pienemann, M.1
  • 56
    • 84909423557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning simple and complex second language rules under implicit, incidental, rule-search and instructed conditions
    • Robinson, P. (1996). Learning simple and complex second language rules under implicit, incidental, rule-search and instructed conditions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 233-247.
    • (1996) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.18 , pp. 233-247
    • Robinson, P.1
  • 57
    • 0031493913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences and fundamental similarity of implicit and explicit adult second language learning
    • Robinson, P. (1997). Individual differences and fundamental similarity of implicit and explicit adult second language learning. Language Learning, 47(1), 45-99.
    • (1997) Language Learning , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-99
    • Robinson, P.1
  • 58
    • 85127434638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning conditions, aptitude complexes and SLA: A framework for research and pedagogy
    • In P. Robinson (Ed.), Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • Robinson, P. (2002). Learning conditions, aptitude complexes and SLA: A framework for research and pedagogy. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual differences and instructed language learning (pp. 113-133). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • (2002) Individual differences and instructed language learning , pp. 113-133
    • Robinson, P.1
  • 59
    • 0001032685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of input and output practice in second language acquisition
    • Salaberry, M. R. (1997). The role of input and output practice in second language acquisition. Canadian Modern Language Review, 53(2), 422-451.
    • (1997) Canadian Modern Language Review , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 422-451
    • Salaberry, M.R.1
  • 60
    • 1642633665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive evidence versus explicit rule presentation and explicit negative feedback: A computer-assisted study
    • Sanz, C., & Morgan-Short, K. (2004). Positive evidence versus explicit rule presentation and explicit negative feedback: A computer-assisted study. Language Learning, 54(1), 35-78.
    • (2004) Language Learning , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-78
    • Sanz, C.1    Morgan-Short, K.2
  • 61
    • 21644460840 scopus 로고
    • The role of consciousness in second language learning
    • Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129-158.
    • (1990) Applied Linguistics , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-158
    • Schmidt, R.1
  • 62
    • 0002639108 scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning
    • In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
    • Schmidt, R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning (pp. 1-64). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
    • (1995) Attention and awareness in foreign language learning , pp. 1-64
    • Schmidt, R.1
  • 64
    • 33748158123 scopus 로고
    • Consciousness raising and the second language learner
    • In W. Rutherford (Ed.), New York: Newbury House.
    • Sharwood Smith, M. A. (1988). Consciousness raising and the second language learner. In W. Rutherford (Ed.), Grammar and second language teaching: A book of readings (pp. 51-60). New York: Newbury House.
    • (1988) Grammar and second language teaching: A book of readings , pp. 51-60
    • Sharwood Smith, M.A.1
  • 66
    • 77953967435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexities of selecting complex (and simple) forms in instructed SLA research
    • In A. Housen & F. Kuiken (Eds.), Belgium: University of Brussels.
    • Spada, N., & Tomita, Y. (2008). The complexities of selecting complex (and simple) forms in instructed SLA research. In A. Housen & F. Kuiken (Eds.), Proceedings of the complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) conference. Belgium: University of Brussels.
    • (2008) Proceedings of the complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) conference
    • Spada, N.1    Tomita, Y.2
  • 67
    • 77953976039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between type of instruction and type of language feature: A meta-analysis
    • Spada, N., & Tomita, Y. (2010). Interactions between type of instruction and type of language feature: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 60(2), 1-46.
    • (2010) Language Learning , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-46
    • Spada, N.1    Tomita, Y.2
  • 71
    • 0002589533 scopus 로고
    • From input to output: Processing instruction and communicative tasks
    • In F. R. Eckman, D. Highland, P. W. Lee, J. Mileham, & R. Rutkowski Weber (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • VanPatten, B., & Sanz, C. (1995). From input to output: Processing instruction and communicative tasks. In F. R. Eckman, D. Highland, P. W. Lee, J. Mileham, & R. Rutkowski Weber (Eds.), Second language acquisition theory and pedagogy (pp. 169-185). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1995) Second language acquisition theory and pedagogy , pp. 169-185
    • VanPatten, B.1    Sanz, C.2
  • 72
    • 0040974357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What kind of focus and on which forms?
    • In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Williams, J., & Evans, J. (1998). What kind of focus and on which forms? In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 15-63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 15-63
    • Williams, J.1    Evans, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.