메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 436-486

Cross-Linguistic Influence

Author keywords

Cross linguistic influence; Interlingual identifications; Linguistic interference; Linguistic subsystems; Linguists

Indexed keywords


EID: 84955348111     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470756492.ch15     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (227)

References (170)
  • 1
    • 84937185636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idioms and the language learner: contrasting English and Syrian Arabic
    • Abdullah, K. and Jackson, H. 1998: Idioms and the language learner: contrasting English and Syrian Arabic. Languages in Contrast, 1, 83-107.
    • (1998) Languages in Contrast , vol.1 , pp. 83-107
    • Abdullah, K.1    Jackson, H.2
  • 2
    • 84925972254 scopus 로고
    • Inter- and intra-lingual interference effects in learning a third language
    • Ahukana, J., Lund, N., and Gentile, R. 1981: Inter- and intra-lingual interference effects in learning a third language. Modern Language Journal, 65, 281-7.
    • (1981) Modern Language Journal , vol.65 , pp. 281-7
    • Ahukana, J.1    Lund, N.2    Gentile, R.3
  • 3
    • 0002040467 scopus 로고
    • Transfer to somewhere
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Andersen, R. 1983: Transfer to somewhere. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 177-201.
    • (1983) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 177-201
    • Andersen, R.1
  • 4
    • 0008986116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primacy of aspect in first and second language acquisition: the pidgin-creole connection
    • In W. Ritchie (ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Andersen, R. and Shirai, Y. 1996: The primacy of aspect in first and second language acquisition: the pidgin-creole connection. In W. Ritchie (ed.), Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. New York: Academic Press, 527-70.
    • (1996) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition , pp. 527-70
    • Andersen, R.1    Shirai, Y.2
  • 5
    • 0039195595 scopus 로고
    • Verification of language transfer
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Ard, J. and Homburg, T. 1993: Verification of language transfer. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 47-70.
    • (1993) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 47-70
    • Ard, J.1    Homburg, T.2
  • 6
    • 0003549795 scopus 로고
    • Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View
    • New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston
    • Ausubel, D. 1968: Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
    • (1968)
    • Ausubel, D.1
  • 7
    • 85055287722 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between form and meaning: a cross-sectional study of tense and aspect in the interlanguage of learners of English as a second language
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K. 1992: The relationship between form and meaning: a cross-sectional study of tense and aspect in the interlanguage of learners of English as a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 253-78.
    • (1992) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.13 , pp. 253-78
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1
  • 8
    • 0037545436 scopus 로고
    • Pidginization and syntactic change: from SXV and VSX to SVX
    • In C. W. Stanford Stever and S. Mufwene (eds), Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society
    • Bickerton, D. and Givón, T. 1976: Pidginization and syntactic change: from SXV and VSX to SVX. In C. W. Stanford Stever and S. Mufwene (eds), Papers from the Parasession on Diachronic Syntax. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, 9-39.
    • (1976) Papers from the Parasession on Diachronic Syntax , pp. 9-39
    • Bickerton, D.1    Givón, T.2
  • 9
    • 84992776868 scopus 로고
    • Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition
    • Birdsong, D. 1992: Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition. Language, 68, 706-55.
    • (1992) Language , vol.68 , pp. 706-55
    • Birdsong, D.1
  • 10
    • 0000005454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: whys and why nots for the Critical Period Hypothesis in second language acquisition
    • In D. Birdsong (ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Birdsong, D. 1999: Introduction: whys and why nots for the Critical Period Hypothesis in second language acquisition. In D. Birdsong (ed.), Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1-22.
    • (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis , pp. 1-22
    • Birdsong, D.1
  • 11
    • 0002503635 scopus 로고
    • What is the logical problem of foreign language learning?
    • In S. Gass and J. Schachter (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bley-Vroman, R. 1989: What is the logical problem of foreign language learning? In S. Gass and J. Schachter (eds), Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 41-68.
    • (1989) Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition , pp. 41-68
    • Bley-Vroman, R.1
  • 12
    • 0010305850 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the use of citations in Chinese and English academic discourse
    • In D. Belcher and G. Braine (eds), Norwood, NJ: Ablex
    • Bloch, J. and Chi, L. 1995: A comparison of the use of citations in Chinese and English academic discourse. In D. Belcher and G. Braine (eds), Academic Writing in a Second Language: Essays on Research and Pedagogy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 231-74.
    • (1995) Academic Writing in a Second Language: Essays on Research and Pedagogy , pp. 231-74
    • Bloch, J.1    Chi, L.2
  • 13
    • 0001693264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultimate attainment in L2 pronunciation: the case of very advanced late L2 learners
    • In D. Birdsong (ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Bongaerts, T. 1999: Ultimate attainment in L2 pronunciation: the case of very advanced late L2 learners. In D. Birdsong (ed.), Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 133-59.
    • (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis , pp. 133-59
    • Bongaerts, T.1
  • 15
    • 0004001669 scopus 로고
    • Dialectology
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Chambers, J. K. and Trudgill, P. 1980: Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1980)
    • Chambers, J.K.1    Trudgill, P.2
  • 16
    • 0004195625 scopus 로고
    • The Minimalist Program
    • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Chomsky, N. 1995: The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995)
    • Chomsky, N.1
  • 18
    • 0000724571 scopus 로고
    • Tense, aspect, and mood
    • In T. Shopen (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Chung, S. and Timberlake, A. 1985: Tense, aspect, and mood. In T. Shopen (ed.), Syntactic Description and Linguistic Typology. Vol. III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 202-58.
    • (1985) Syntactic Description and Linguistic Typology , vol.III , pp. 202-58
    • Chung, S.1    Timberlake, A.2
  • 19
    • 0040665133 scopus 로고
    • Locationals: existential, locative, and possessive constructions
    • In J. Greenberg (ed.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Clark, E. 1978: Locationals: existential, locative, and possessive constructions. In J. Greenberg (ed.), Universals of Human Language. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 85-126.
    • (1978) Universals of Human Language , pp. 85-126
    • Clark, E.1
  • 20
    • 0004197107 scopus 로고
    • Aspect
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Comrie, B. 1976: Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1976)
    • Comrie, B.1
  • 21
    • 0004087833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrastive Rhetoric
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Connor, U. 1996: Contrastive Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1996)
    • Connor, U.1
  • 22
    • 33747585980 scopus 로고
    • Universal Grammar and the learning and teaching of second languages
    • In T. Odlin (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Cook, V. 1994: Universal Grammar and the learning and teaching of second languages. In T. Odlin (ed.), Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 25-48.
    • (1994) Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar , pp. 25-48
    • Cook, V.1
  • 23
    • 84955382514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cook, V. 2000: Is transfer the right word? Paper presented at International Pragmatics Association, Budapest, July 11.
  • 24
    • 84934988367 scopus 로고
    • Competence differences between native and nonnative speakers
    • Coppetiers, R. 1987: Competence differences between native and nonnative speakers. Language, 63, 544-73.
    • (1987) Language , vol.63 , pp. 544-73
    • Coppetiers, R.1
  • 25
    • 77957210939 scopus 로고
    • A bilingual production model: Levelt's "Speaking" model adapted
    • De Bot, K. 1992: A bilingual production model: Levelt's "Speaking" model adapted. Applied Linguistics, 13, 1-24.
    • (1992) Applied Linguistics , vol.13 , pp. 1-24
    • De Bot, K.1
  • 26
    • 0040923990 scopus 로고
    • Transfer in Language Production
    • (eds) Norwood, NJ: Ablex
    • Dechert, H. and Raupach, M. (eds) 1989: Transfer in Language Production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    • (1989)
    • Dechert, H.1    Raupach, M.2
  • 27
    • 0003929065 scopus 로고
    • The Acquisition of Two Languages from Birth: A Case Study
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • de Houwer, A. 1990: The Acquisition of Two Languages from Birth: A Case Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990)
    • de Houwer, A.1
  • 28
    • 0003771802 scopus 로고
    • Course in General Linguistics
    • New York: McGraw-Hill
    • de Saussure, F. 1915/59: Course in General Linguistics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1915)
    • de Saussure, F.1
  • 29
    • 0011290384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lexical inventions: French interlanguage as L2 versus L3
    • Dewaele, J.-M. 1998: Lexical inventions: French interlanguage as L2 versus L3. Applied Linguistics, 19, 471-90.
    • (1998) Applied Linguistics , vol.19 , pp. 471-90
    • Dewaele, J.-M.1
  • 30
    • 84971945673 scopus 로고
    • Syntax, semantics, and SLA: the convergence of possessive and existential constructions
    • Duff, P. 1993: Syntax, semantics, and SLA: the convergence of possessive and existential constructions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 1-34.
    • (1993) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.15 , pp. 1-34
    • Duff, P.1
  • 31
    • 85010133125 scopus 로고
    • Natural sequences in child second language acquisition
    • Dulay, H. and Burt, M. 1974: Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. Language Learning, 24, 37-53.
    • (1974) Language Learning , vol.24 , pp. 37-53
    • Dulay, H.1    Burt, M.2
  • 32
    • 0003892541 scopus 로고
    • Language Two
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Dulay, H., Burt, M., and Krashen, S. 1982: Language Two. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1982)
    • Dulay, H.1    Burt, M.2    Krashen, S.3
  • 33
    • 84927453782 scopus 로고
    • Similarity - an aid or hindrance in foreign language learning?
    • Duŝková L. 1984: Similarity - an aid or hindrance in foreign language learning? Folia Linguistica, 18, 103-15.
    • (1984) Folia Linguistica , vol.18 , pp. 103-15
    • Duŝková, L.1
  • 34
    • 0038993292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional- typological approach to second language acquisition theory
    • In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), San Diego: Academic Press
    • Eckman, F. 1996: A functional- typological approach to second language acquisition theory. In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. San Diego: Academic Press, 195-211.
    • (1996) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition , pp. 195-211
    • Eckman, F.1
  • 35
    • 80054550262 scopus 로고
    • Le Francais parlé par les étudiants finnophones et suedophones
    • Ph.D. dissertation. University of Turku
    • Elo, A. 1993: Le Francais parlé par les étudiants finnophones et suedophones. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Turku.
    • (1993)
    • Elo, A.1
  • 36
    • 84937314553 scopus 로고
    • On the transfer of parametric values in L2 development
    • Eubank, L. 1993/4: On the transfer of parametric values in L2 development. Language Acquisition, 3, 183-208.
    • (1993) Language Acquisition , vol.3 , pp. 183-208
    • Eubank, L.1
  • 37
    • 0000138090 scopus 로고
    • Diglossia
    • Ferguson, C. 1959: Diglossia. Word, 15, 325-40.
    • (1959) Word , vol.15 , pp. 325-40
    • Ferguson, C.1
  • 38
    • 61949170557 scopus 로고
    • Some Aspects of Hiberno-English in a Functional Sentence Perspective
    • Joensuu: Joensuu Publications in the Humanities
    • Filppula, M. 1986: Some Aspects of Hiberno-English in a Functional Sentence Perspective. Joensuu: Joensuu Publications in the Humanities.
    • (1986)
    • Filppula, M.1
  • 39
    • 27844526866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Grammar of Irish English
    • London: Routledge
    • Filppula, M. 1999: The Grammar of Irish English. London: Routledge.
    • (1999)
    • Filppula, M.1
  • 40
    • 0001825572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of learning and second language speech
    • In D. Birdsong (ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Flege, J. 1999: Age of learning and second language speech. In D. Birdsong (ed.), Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 101-31.
    • (1999) Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis , pp. 101-31
    • Flege, J.1
  • 41
    • 0029069137 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language
    • Flege, J., Murray, M., and MacKay, I. 1995: Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 3125-34.
    • (1995) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.97 , pp. 3125-34
    • Flege, J.1    Murray, M.2    MacKay, I.3
  • 43
    • 0040566706 scopus 로고
    • Mapping from the initial state to the final state: the separation of universal principles and language-specific principles
    • In B. Lust, M. Suner, and J. Whitman (eds), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Flynn, S. and Martohardjono, G. 1994: Mapping from the initial state to the final state: the separation of universal principles and language-specific principles. In B. Lust, M. Suner, and J. Whitman (eds), Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. Vol. 1: Heads, Projections, and Learnability. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 319-35.
    • (1994) Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. Heads, Projections, and Learnability , vol.1 , pp. 319-35
    • Flynn, S.1    Martohardjono, G.2
  • 44
    • 0017831286 scopus 로고
    • Crosslanguage differences in tone perception: a multidimensional scaling investigation
    • Gandour, J. and Harshman, R. 1978: Crosslanguage differences in tone perception: a multidimensional scaling investigation. Language and Speech, 21, 1-33.
    • (1978) Language and Speech , vol.21 , pp. 1-33
    • Gandour, J.1    Harshman, R.2
  • 45
    • 84979453492 scopus 로고
    • Language transfer and universal grammatical relations
    • Gass, S. 1979: Language transfer and universal grammatical relations. Language Learning, 29, 327-44.
    • (1979) Language Learning , vol.29 , pp. 327-44
    • Gass, S.1
  • 46
    • 0041160861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second language acquisition and linguistic theory: the role of language transfer
    • In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), San Diego: Academic Press
    • Gass, S. 1996: Second language acquisition and linguistic theory: the role of language transfer. In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. San Diego: Academic Press, 317-45.
    • (1996) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition , pp. 317-45
    • Gass, S.1
  • 47
    • 0003583833 scopus 로고
    • Language Transfer in Language Learning
    • (eds) Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Gass, S. and Selinker, L. (eds) 1993: Language Transfer in Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • (1993)
    • Gass, S.1    Selinker, L.2
  • 48
    • 84976011630 scopus 로고
    • Connectionism and universals in second language acquisition
    • Gasser, M. 1990: Connectionism and universals in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 179-99.
    • (1990) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.12 , pp. 179-99
    • Gasser, M.1
  • 49
    • 0001260060 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process
    • Giacobbe, J. 1992: A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process. Second Language Research, 8, 232-50.
    • (1992) Second Language Research , vol.8 , pp. 232-50
    • Giacobbe, J.1
  • 50
    • 0005973940 scopus 로고
    • Syntax
    • Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Givon, T. 1984: Syntax. Vol. I. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • (1984) , vol.I
    • Givon, T.1
  • 51
    • 0002318296 scopus 로고
    • Second language acquisition theory: a generativist perspective
    • In S. Gass and J. Schachter (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gregg, K. 1989: Second language acquisition theory: a generativist perspective. In S. Gass and J. Schachter (eds), Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 15-40.
    • (1989) Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition , pp. 15-40
    • Gregg, K.1
  • 52
    • 33645018023 scopus 로고
    • Interlingual word taboos
    • Haas, M. 1951: Interlingual word taboos. American Anthropologist, 53, 338-44.
    • (1951) American Anthropologist , vol.53 , pp. 338-44
    • Haas, M.1
  • 53
    • 0038751284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • English Grammar: A Generative Perspective
    • Oxford: Blackwell
    • Haegeman, L. and Guéron, J. 1999: English Grammar: A Generative Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1999)
    • Haegeman, L.1    Guéron, J.2
  • 54
    • 84927455470 scopus 로고
    • Syntactic variation and dialect divergence
    • Harris, J. 1984: Syntactic variation and dialect divergence. Journal of Linguistics, 20, 303-27.
    • (1984) Journal of Linguistics , vol.20 , pp. 303-27
    • Harris, J.1
  • 55
    • 84955393929 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of summary writing by students of English as a second language
    • M.A. thesis. Ohio State University
    • Hatzitheodorou, A.-M. 1994: An analysis of summary writing by students of English as a second language. M.A. thesis. Ohio State University.
    • (1994)
    • Hatzitheodorou, A.-M.1
  • 56
    • 0000228596 scopus 로고
    • Dialect, language, nation
    • Haugen, E. 1966: Dialect, language, nation. American Anthropologist, 68, 922-35.
    • (1966) American Anthropologist , vol.68 , pp. 922-35
    • Haugen, E.1
  • 57
    • 0004187506 scopus 로고
    • Ways with Words
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Heath, S. 1983: Ways with Words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1983)
    • Heath, S.1
  • 58
    • 84937334735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of lexical transfer in learner syntax: the acquisition of English causatives by speakers of Hindi-Urdu and Vietnamese
    • Helms-Park, R. 2001: Evidence of lexical transfer in learner syntax: the acquisition of English causatives by speakers of Hindi-Urdu and Vietnamese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 71-102.
    • (2001) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.23 , pp. 71-102
    • Helms-Park, R.1
  • 59
    • 0038220899 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of a Contact Continuum: Singaporean English
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Ho, M.-L. and Platt, J. 1993: Dynamics of a Contact Continuum: Singaporean English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1993)
    • Ho, M.-L.1    Platt, J.2
  • 60
    • 0011649429 scopus 로고
    • The use of typological markedness conditions as predictors in second language acquisition
    • In R. Andersen (ed.), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Hyltenstam, K. 1984: The use of typological markedness conditions as predictors in second language acquisition. In R. Andersen (ed.), Second Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 39-58.
    • (1984) Second Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective , pp. 39-58
    • Hyltenstam, K.1
  • 61
    • 84979368170 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic and cognitive determinants of lexical acquisition in a second language
    • Ijaz, I. H. 1986: Linguistic and cognitive determinants of lexical acquisition in a second language. Language Learning, 36, 401-51.
    • (1986) Language Learning , vol.36 , pp. 401-51
    • Ijaz, I.H.1
  • 62
    • 84979436019 scopus 로고
    • The alternation hypothesis: acquisition of Dutch word order by Turkish and Moroccan foreign workers
    • Jansen, B., Lalleman, J., and Muysken, P. 1981: The alternation hypothesis: acquisition of Dutch word order by Turkish and Moroccan foreign workers. Language Learning, 31, 315-36.
    • (1981) Language Learning , vol.31 , pp. 315-36
    • Jansen, B.1    Lalleman, J.2    Muysken, P.3
  • 63
    • 0041089511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual Transfer in the Interlanguage Lexicon
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club
    • Jarvis, S. 1998: Conceptual Transfer in the Interlanguage Lexicon. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
    • (1998)
    • Jarvis, S.1
  • 64
    • 0034423676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological rigor in the study of transfer: identifying L1 influence in the interlanguage lexicon
    • Jarvis, S. 2000: Methodological rigor in the study of transfer: identifying L1 influence in the interlanguage lexicon. Language Learning, 50, 245-309.
    • (2000) Language Learning , vol.50 , pp. 245-309
    • Jarvis, S.1
  • 65
    • 84937381602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topic continuity in L2 English article use
    • Jarvis, S. 2002: Topic continuity in L2 English article use. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24, 387-418.
    • (2002) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.24 , pp. 387-418
    • Jarvis, S.1
  • 66
    • 84937322257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological type, spatial reference, and language transfer
    • Jarvis, S. and Odlin, T. 2000: Morphological type, spatial reference, and language transfer. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22, 535-56.
    • (2000) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.22 , pp. 535-56
    • Jarvis, S.1    Odlin, T.2
  • 67
    • 84937309066 scopus 로고
    • Topic prominence and subject prominence in L2 acquisition
    • Jin, H. G. 1994: Topic prominence and subject prominence in L2 acquisition. Language Learning, 44, 101-22.
    • (1994) Language Learning , vol.44 , pp. 101-22
    • Jin, H.G.1
  • 69
    • 3042514855 scopus 로고
    • A second language classic reconsidered - the case of Schachter's avoidance
    • Kamimoto, T., Shimura, A., and Kellerman, E. 1992: A second language classic reconsidered - the case of Schachter's avoidance. Second Language Research, 8, 251-77.
    • (1992) Second Language Research , vol.8 , pp. 251-77
    • Kamimoto, T.1    Shimura, A.2    Kellerman, E.3
  • 70
    • 21644466048 scopus 로고
    • Cultural thought patterns and inter-cultural education
    • In S. Mackay (ed.), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Kaplan, R. 1966/84: Cultural thought patterns and inter-cultural education. In S. Mackay (ed.), Composing in a Second Language. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 43-62.
    • (1966) Composing in a Second Language , pp. 43-62
    • Kaplan, R.1
  • 72
    • 84928838714 scopus 로고
    • Melanesian Pidgin and the Oceanic Substrate
    • Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Keesing, R. 1988: Melanesian Pidgin and the Oceanic Substrate. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (1988)
    • Keesing, R.1
  • 73
    • 0009004652 scopus 로고
    • Towards a characterization of the strategy of transfer in second language learning
    • Kellerman, E. 1977: Towards a characterization of the strategy of transfer in second language learning. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 21, 58-145.
    • (1977) Interlanguage Studies Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 58-145
    • Kellerman, E.1
  • 74
    • 0002621722 scopus 로고
    • Giving learners a break: native language intuitions about transferability
    • Kellerman, E. 1978: Giving learners a break: native language intuitions about transferability. Working Papers in Bilingualism, 15, 59-92.
    • (1978) Working Papers in Bilingualism , vol.15 , pp. 59-92
    • Kellerman, E.1
  • 75
    • 0002261838 scopus 로고
    • The empirical evidence for the influence of L1 on interlanguage
    • In A. Davies, C. Criper, and A. P. R. Howatt (eds), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
    • Kellerman, E. 1984: The empirical evidence for the influence of L1 on interlanguage. In A. Davies, C. Criper, and A. P. R. Howatt (eds), Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 98-122.
    • (1984) Interlanguage , pp. 98-122
    • Kellerman, E.1
  • 76
    • 84937282688 scopus 로고
    • Crosslinguistic influence: transfer to nowhere?
    • Kellerman, E. 1995: Crosslinguistic influence: transfer to nowhere? Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 15, 125-50.
    • (1995) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , vol.15 , pp. 125-50
    • Kellerman, E.1
  • 77
    • 0003663448 scopus 로고
    • Cross-Linguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition
    • New York: Pergamon Press
    • Kellerman, E. and Sharwood-Smith, M. 1986: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press.
    • (1986)
    • Kellerman, E.1    Sharwood-Smith, M.2
  • 78
    • 84941846326 scopus 로고
    • A study of English proficiency level and the composition errors of incoming foreign students at the University of Cincinnati, 1969-1974
    • Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University
    • Kempf, M. 1975: A study of English proficiency level and the composition errors of incoming foreign students at the University of Cincinnati, 1969-1974. Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University.
    • (1975)
    • Kempf, M.1
  • 79
    • 21644439358 scopus 로고
    • The expression of past reference in Spanish narratives of Spanish-English bilingual speakers
    • In C. Silva-Corvalán (ed.), Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press
    • Klee, C. and Ocampo, A. 1995: The expression of past reference in Spanish narratives of Spanish-English bilingual speakers. In C. Silva-Corvalán (ed.), Spanish in Four Continents. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 52-70.
    • (1995) Spanish in Four Continents , pp. 52-70
    • Klee, C.1    Ocampo, A.2
  • 80
    • 0013565972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Basic Variety (or: couldn't natural languages be much simpler?)
    • Klein, W. and Perdue, C. 1997: The Basic Variety (or: couldn't natural languages be much simpler?) Second Language Research, 13, 301-47.
    • (1997) Second Language Research , vol.13 , pp. 301-47
    • Klein, W.1    Perdue, C.2
  • 81
    • 0002012283 scopus 로고
    • Newmark's "Ignorance Hypothesis" and current second language acquisition and theory
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Krashen, S. 1983: Newmark's "Ignorance Hypothesis" and current second language acquisition and theory. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 135-53.
    • (1983) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 135-53
    • Krashen, S.1
  • 82
    • 84937273404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit L2 instruction facilitates the acquisition of difficult L2 forms
    • Kupferberg, I. and Olshtain, E. 1996: Explicit L2 instruction facilitates the acquisition of difficult L2 forms. Language Awareness, 5, 149-65.
    • (1996) Language Awareness , vol.5 , pp. 149-65
    • Kupferberg, I.1    Olshtain, E.2
  • 83
    • 0003953293 scopus 로고
    • Linguistics Across Cultures
    • Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
    • Lado, R. 1957: Linguistics Across Cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    • (1957)
    • Lado, R.1
  • 84
    • 0003770368 scopus 로고
    • Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Lakoff, G. 1987: Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1987)
    • Lakoff, G.1
  • 85
    • 84858308582 scopus 로고
    • Similar Lexical Forms in Interlanguage
    • Tübingen: Gunter Narr
    • Laufer-Dvorkin, B. 1991: Similar Lexical Forms in Interlanguage. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
    • (1991)
    • Laufer-Dvorkin, B.1
  • 86
    • 0026209870 scopus 로고
    • Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion
    • Lazarus, R. 1991: Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 819-34.
    • (1991) American Psychologist , vol.46 , pp. 819-34
    • Lazarus, R.1
  • 87
    • 0009317910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second language speech
    • In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), San Diego: Academic Press
    • Leather, J. and James, A. 1996: Second language speech. In W. Ritchie and T. K. Bhatia (eds), Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. San Diego: Academic Press, 269-326.
    • (1996) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition , pp. 269-326
    • Leather, J.1    James, A.2
  • 89
    • 84936526536 scopus 로고
    • Speaking: From Intention to Articulation
    • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Levelt, W. 1989: Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1989)
    • Levelt, W.1
  • 90
    • 84972468376 scopus 로고
    • Maturational constraints on language development
    • Long, M. 1990: Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 251-85.
    • (1990) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.12 , pp. 251-85
    • Long, M.1
  • 91
    • 0003433632 scopus 로고
    • Grammatical Categories and Cognition
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Lucy, J. 1992: Grammatical Categories and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992)
    • Lucy, J.1
  • 93
    • 84928462368 scopus 로고
    • A cross-linguistic interlanguage analysis of the acquisition of the English article system
    • Ph.D. dissertation. University of California at Los Angeles
    • Master, P. 1987: A cross-linguistic interlanguage analysis of the acquisition of the English article system. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California at Los Angeles.
    • (1987)
    • Master, P.1
  • 94
    • 33750684744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The L2 Basic Variety as an I-language
    • Meisel, J. M. 1997: The L2 Basic Variety as an I-language. Second Language Research, 13, 374-85.
    • (1997) Second Language Research , vol.13 , pp. 374-85
    • Meisel, J.M.1
  • 95
    • 0040276177 scopus 로고
    • English in Language Shift
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Mesthrie, R. 1992: English in Language Shift. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992)
    • Mesthrie, R.1
  • 96
    • 84930562681 scopus 로고
    • Syntactic variation in language shift: the relative clause in South African Indian English
    • Mesthrie, R. and Dunne, T. 1990: Syntactic variation in language shift: the relative clause in South African Indian English. Language Variation and Change, 2, 31-56.
    • (1990) Language Variation and Change , vol.2 , pp. 31-56
    • Mesthrie, R.1    Dunne, T.2
  • 97
    • 39049118420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate influence in the formation of the Surinamese Plantation Creole: a consideration of sociohistorical data and linguistic data from Ndyuka and Gbe
    • Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University
    • Migge, B. 1998: Substrate influence in the formation of the Surinamese Plantation Creole: a consideration of sociohistorical data and linguistic data from Ndyuka and Gbe. Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University.
    • (1998)
    • Migge, B.1
  • 98
    • 84981625685 scopus 로고
    • Academic writing and Chinese students: transfer and developmental factors
    • Mohan, B. and Lo, W. A.-Y. 1985: Academic writing and Chinese students: transfer and developmental factors. TESOL Quarterly, 19, 515-34.
    • (1985) TESOL Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 515-34
    • Mohan, B.1    Lo, W.A.-Y.2
  • 99
    • 33947606896 scopus 로고
    • Language transfer of procedural knowledge
    • In H. Dechert and M. Raupach (eds), Norwood, NJ: Ablex
    • Möhle, D. and Raupach, M. 1989: Language transfer of procedural knowledge. In H. Dechert and M. Raupach (eds), Transfer in Language Production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 195-216.
    • (1989) Transfer in Language Production , pp. 195-216
    • Möhle, D.1    Raupach, M.2
  • 100
    • 0012794608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of first language and phonological accessibility on kanji recognition
    • Mori, Y. 1998: Effects of first language and phonological accessibility on kanji recognition. Modern Language Journal, 82, 69-82.
    • (1998) Modern Language Journal , vol.82 , pp. 69-82
    • Mori, Y.1
  • 101
    • 84930561079 scopus 로고
    • Transfer and the substrate hypothesis in creolistics
    • Mufwene, S. 1990: Transfer and the substrate hypothesis in creolistics. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 1-23.
    • (1990) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.12 , pp. 1-23
    • Mufwene, S.1
  • 102
    • 3042567299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What research on creole genesis can contribute to historical linguistics
    • In W. Schmid, J. Austin, and D. Stein (eds), Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Mufwene, S. 1998: What research on creole genesis can contribute to historical linguistics. In W. Schmid, J. Austin, and D. Stein (eds), Historical Linguistics 1997. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 315-38.
    • (1998) Historical Linguistics 1997 , pp. 315-38
    • Mufwene, S.1
  • 103
    • 84955370192 scopus 로고
    • In search of the genuine article: a cross-linguistic investigation of the development of the English article system in written compositions of adult ESL students
    • Ph.D. dissertation. Florida State University
    • Myers, S. 1992: In search of the genuine article: a cross-linguistic investigation of the development of the English article system in written compositions of adult ESL students. Ph.D. dissertation. Florida State University.
    • (1992)
    • Myers, S.1
  • 104
    • 0038993268 scopus 로고
    • An Experimental Study of Phonological Interference in the English of Hungarians
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club
    • Nemser, W. 1971: An Experimental Study of Phonological Interference in the English of Hungarians. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
    • (1971)
    • Nemser, W.1
  • 105
    • 0009365699 scopus 로고
    • Language Transfer
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Odlin, T. 1989: Language Transfer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989)
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 106
    • 0039310212 scopus 로고
    • Word order, metalinguistic awareness, and constraints on foreign language learning
    • In B. VanPatten and J. F. Lee. (eds), Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
    • Odlin, T. 1990: Word order, metalinguistic awareness, and constraints on foreign language learning. In B. VanPatten and J. F. Lee. (eds), Second Language Acquisition/ Foreign Language Learning. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 95-117.
    • (1990) Second Language Acquisition/ Foreign Language Learning , pp. 95-117
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 107
    • 84969489930 scopus 로고
    • Irish English idioms and language transfer
    • Odlin, T. 1991: Irish English idioms and language transfer. English World-Wide, 12, 175-93.
    • (1991) English World-Wide , vol.12 , pp. 175-93
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 108
    • 0009428857 scopus 로고
    • Transferability and linguistic substrates
    • Odlin, T. 1992: Transferability and linguistic substrates. Second Language Research, 8, 171-202.
    • (1992) Second Language Research , vol.8 , pp. 171-202
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 109
    • 85009618156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the recognition of transfer errors
    • Odlin, T. 1996: On the recognition of transfer errors. Language Awareness, 5, 166-78.
    • (1996) Language Awareness , vol.5 , pp. 166-78
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 110
    • 21644456817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism and substrate influence: a look at clefts and reflexives
    • In J. Kallen (ed.), Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Odlin, T. 1997a: Bilingualism and substrate influence: a look at clefts and reflexives. In J. Kallen (ed.), Focus on Ireland. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 35-50.
    • (1997) Focus on Ireland , pp. 35-50
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 111
    • 84917359393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hiberno-English: pidgin, creole, or neither?
    • Centre for Language and Communication Studies, Trinity College Dublin
    • Odlin, T. 1997b: Hiberno-English: pidgin, creole, or neither? CLCS Occasional Paper No. 49. Centre for Language and Communication Studies, Trinity College Dublin.
    • (1997) CLCS Occasional Paper No. 49.
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 112
    • 21644462325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the affective and cognitive bases for language transfer
    • In R. Cooper. (ed.), Tampere: University of Tampere
    • Odlin, T. 1998: On the affective and cognitive bases for language transfer. In R. Cooper. (ed.), Compare or Contrast? Tampere: University of Tampere, 81-106.
    • (1998) Compare or Contrast? , pp. 81-106
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 113
    • 21644455920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language transfer and cross-linguistic studies: relativism, universalism, and the native language
    • forthcoming: . In R. Kaplan (ed.), . New York: Oxford University Press
    • Odlin, T. forthcoming: Language transfer and cross-linguistic studies: relativism, universalism, and the native language. In R. Kaplan (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics
    • Odlin, T.1
  • 114
    • 0040476825 scopus 로고
    • Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction
    • New York: St Martin's Press
    • O'Grady, W., Dobrovolsky, M., and Aronoff, M. 1993: Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. New York: St Martin's Press.
    • (1993)
    • O'Grady, W.1    Dobrovolsky, M.2    Aronoff, M.3
  • 115
    • 0040770541 scopus 로고
    • Article usage and other language skills
    • Oller, J. and Redding, E. 1971: Article usage and other language skills. Language Learning, 20, 183-9.
    • (1971) Language Learning , vol.20 , pp. 183-9
    • Oller, J.1    Redding, E.2
  • 116
    • 0002393322 scopus 로고
    • Sociocultural competence and language transfer: the case of apology
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Olshtain, E. 1983: Sociocultural competence and language transfer: the case of apology. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer In Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 232-49.
    • (1983) Language Transfer In Language Learning , pp. 232-49
    • Olshtain, E.1
  • 117
    • 84928463337 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the second language acquisition of Chichewa noun class morphology
    • Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles
    • Orr, G. 1987: Aspects of the second language acquisition of Chichewa noun class morphology. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.
    • (1987)
    • Orr, G.1
  • 118
    • 84979445274 scopus 로고
    • The sensitive period for the acquisition of syntax in a second language
    • Patkowski, M. 1980: The sensitive period for the acquisition of syntax in a second language. Language Learning, 30, 449-72.
    • (1980) Language Learning , vol.30 , pp. 449-72
    • Patkowski, M.1
  • 119
    • 84937183543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory
    • Pavlenko, A. 1999: New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 2, 209-30.
    • (1999) Bilingualism, Language and Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 209-30
    • Pavlenko, A.1
  • 121
    • 0003617908 scopus 로고
    • The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language
    • New York: Morrow
    • Pinker, S. 1994: The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York: Morrow.
    • (1994)
    • Pinker, S.1
  • 122
    • 84934561581 scopus 로고
    • The Role of the First Language in Foreign Language Learning
    • Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
    • Ringbom, H. 1987: The Role of the First Language in Foreign Language Learning. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    • (1987)
    • Ringbom, H.1
  • 123
    • 34248862908 scopus 로고
    • On L1 transfer in L2 comprehension and production
    • Ringbom, H. 1992: On L1 transfer in L2 comprehension and production. Language Learning, 42, 85-112.
    • (1992) Language Learning , vol.42 , pp. 85-112
    • Ringbom, H.1
  • 124
    • 0001831524 scopus 로고
    • On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories
    • In T. Moore (ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Rosch, E. 1973: On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. In T. Moore (ed.), Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language. New York: Academic Press, 95-121.
    • (1973) Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language , pp. 95-121
    • Rosch, E.1
  • 125
    • 0002129890 scopus 로고
    • Language typology and language transfer
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Rutherford, W. 1983: Language typology and language transfer. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 358-70.
    • (1983) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 358-70
    • Rutherford, W.1
  • 126
    • 84870132843 scopus 로고
    • Gälisch-Englischer Sprachkontakt
    • Heidelberg: Julius Groos
    • Sabban, A. 1982: Gälisch-Englischer Sprachkontakt. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.
    • (1982)
    • Sabban, A.1
  • 127
    • 74149084816 scopus 로고
    • Psycholinguistic models, second-language acquisition, and contrastive analysis
    • In J. Fisiak (ed.), Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Sajavaara, K. 1981: Psycholinguistic models, second-language acquisition, and contrastive analysis. In J. Fisiak (ed.), Contrastive Linguistics and the Language Teacher. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 87-120.
    • (1981) Contrastive Linguistics and the Language Teacher , pp. 87-120
    • Sajavaara, K.1
  • 128
    • 84979354833 scopus 로고
    • An error in error analysis
    • Schachter, J. 1974: An error in error analysis. Language Learning, 24, 205-14.
    • (1974) Language Learning , vol.24 , pp. 205-14
    • Schachter, J.1
  • 129
    • 0038870883 scopus 로고
    • Second language acquisition and its relation to universal grammar
    • Schachter, J. 1988: Second language acquisition and its relation to universal grammar. Applied Linguistics, 9, 215-35.
    • (1988) Applied Linguistics , vol.9 , pp. 215-35
    • Schachter, J.1
  • 130
    • 0002436167 scopus 로고
    • A new account of language transfer
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Schachter, J. 1993: A new account of language transfer. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 32-46.
    • (1993) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 32-46
    • Schachter, J.1
  • 132
    • 0039967672 scopus 로고
    • Sociolinguistic variation and language transfer in phonology
    • In G. Ioup and S. Weinberger (eds), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Schmidt, R. W. 1987: Sociolinguistic variation and language transfer in phonology. In G. Ioup and S. Weinberger (eds), Interlanguage Phonology. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 365-77.
    • (1987) Interlanguage Phonology , pp. 365-77
    • Schmidt, R.W.1
  • 133
    • 0002362798 scopus 로고
    • Developing basic conversational ability in a second language: a case study of an adult learner
    • In R. R. Day (ed.), Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Schmidt, R. W. and Frota, S. 1986: Developing basic conversational ability in a second language: a case study of an adult learner. In R. R. Day (ed.), Talking to Learn: Conversation in Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 237-326.
    • (1986) Talking to Learn: Conversation in Second Language Acquisition , pp. 237-326
    • Schmidt, R.W.1    Frota, S.2
  • 134
    • 84979340093 scopus 로고
    • Locative and directional expressions in basilang speech
    • Schumann, J. 1986: Locative and directional expressions in basilang speech. Language Learning, 36, 277-94.
    • (1986) Language Learning , vol.36 , pp. 277-94
    • Schumann, J.1
  • 135
    • 0041312483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the basis of the Basic Variety
    • Schwartz, B. 1997: On the basis of the Basic Variety. Second Language Research, 13, 386-402.
    • (1997) Second Language Research , vol.13 , pp. 386-402
    • Schwartz, B.1
  • 136
    • 84882299956 scopus 로고
    • Variation in cross- linguistic influence on interlanguage lexicon as a function of perceived first- language distance
    • Ph.D. dissertation. New York University
    • Schweers, C. W. 1993: Variation in cross- linguistic influence on interlanguage lexicon as a function of perceived first- language distance. Ph.D. dissertation. New York University.
    • (1993)
    • Schweers, C.W.1
  • 137
    • 84935468520 scopus 로고
    • A Time to Speak: A Psycholinguistic Inquiry into the Critical Period for Human Speech
    • Rowley, MA: Newbury House
    • Scovel, T. 1988: A Time to Speak: A Psycholinguistic Inquiry into the Critical Period for Human Speech. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
    • (1988)
    • Scovel, T.1
  • 140
    • 0010994933 scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering Interlanguage
    • London: Longman
    • Selinker, L. 1992: Rediscovering Interlanguage. London: Longman.
    • (1992)
    • Selinker, L.1
  • 141
    • 84937296419 scopus 로고
    • Multiple language acquisition: "Damn it, why can't I keep these two languages apart?"
    • Selinker, L. and Baumgartner-Cohen, B. 1995: Multiple language acquisition: "Damn it, why can't I keep these two languages apart?" Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 8, 115-21.
    • (1995) Language, Culture, and Curriculum , vol.8 , pp. 115-21
    • Selinker, L.1    Baumgartner-Cohen, B.2
  • 142
    • 0040923989 scopus 로고
    • Language transfer and fossilization: the Multiple Effects Principle
    • In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Selinker, L. and Lakshmanan, U. 1993: Language transfer and fossilization: the Multiple Effects Principle. In S. Gass and L. Selinker (eds), Language Transfer in Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 197-216.
    • (1993) Language Transfer in Language Learning , pp. 197-216
    • Selinker, L.1    Lakshmanan, U.2
  • 144
    • 77957375332 scopus 로고
    • Variability and the interlanguage production of the English definite article
    • Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University
    • Shannon, J. 1995: Variability and the interlanguage production of the English definite article. Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University.
    • (1995)
    • Shannon, J.1
  • 145
    • 84979424675 scopus 로고
    • Strategies, language transfer and the simulation of second language learners' mental operations
    • Sharwood Smith, M. 1979: Strategies, language transfer and the simulation of second language learners' mental operations. Language Learning, 29, 345-61.
    • (1979) Language Learning , vol.29 , pp. 345-61
    • Sharwood Smith, M.1
  • 146
    • 10044246389 scopus 로고
    • The Competence/Control Model, cross- linguistic influence and the creation of new grammars
    • In E. Kellerman and M. Sharwood Smith (eds), New York: Pergamon Press
    • Sharwood Smith, M. 1986: The Competence/Control Model, cross- linguistic influence and the creation of new grammars. In E. Kellerman and M. Sharwood Smith (eds), Crosslinguistic Influence and Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press, 10-20.
    • (1986) Crosslinguistic Influence and Second Language Acquisition , pp. 10-20
    • Sharwood Smith, M.1
  • 147
    • 0002582618 scopus 로고
    • The classroom and the wider culture: identity as a key to learning English composition
    • Shen, F. 1989: The classroom and the wider culture: identity as a key to learning English composition. College Composition and Communication, 40, 459-66.
    • (1989) College Composition and Communication , vol.40 , pp. 459-66
    • Shen, F.1
  • 148
    • 84989390541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer constraints and substrate influence in Melanesian Pidgin
    • Siegel, J. 1999: Transfer constraints and substrate influence in Melanesian Pidgin. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 14, 1-44.
    • (1999) Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages , vol.14 , pp. 1-44
    • Siegel, J.1
  • 149
    • 84928838182 scopus 로고
    • The homogeneity of the substrate as a factor in pidgin/creole genesis
    • Singler, J. 1988: The homogeneity of the substrate as a factor in pidgin/creole genesis. Language, 64, 27-51.
    • (1988) Language , vol.64 , pp. 27-51
    • Singler, J.1
  • 150
    • 84972217817 scopus 로고
    • Mother and other tongue influence on learner French
    • Singleton, D. 1987: Mother and other tongue influence on learner French. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 327-45.
    • (1987) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.9 , pp. 327-45
    • Singleton, D.1
  • 151
    • 0003527358 scopus 로고
    • Language Acquisition: The Age Factor
    • Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
    • Singleton, D. 1989: Language Acquisition: The Age Factor. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    • (1989)
    • Singleton, D.1
  • 152
    • 0003501696 scopus 로고
    • The Transfer of Cognitive Skill
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Singley, M. and Anderson, J. 1989: The Transfer of Cognitive Skill. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1989)
    • Singley, M.1    Anderson, J.2
  • 153
    • 84938518023 scopus 로고
    • Problems In "measuring" L2 learning strategies
    • In H. Ringbom (ed.), Turku: Publications of the Research Institute of the Abo Akademi Foundation
    • Sjöholm, K. 1983: Problems In "measuring" L2 learning strategies. In H. Ringbom (ed.), Psycholinguistics and Foreign Language Learning. Turku: Publications of the Research Institute of the Abo Akademi Foundation.
    • (1983) Psycholinguistics and Foreign Language Learning
    • Sjöholm, K.1
  • 154
    • 60950191921 scopus 로고
    • The Influence of Crosslinguistic, Semantic, and Input Factors on the Acquisition of English Phrasal Verbs
    • Turku: Abo Akademi University Press
    • Sjöholm, K. 1995: The Influence of Crosslinguistic, Semantic, and Input Factors on the Acquisition of English Phrasal Verbs. Turku: Abo Akademi University Press.
    • (1995)
    • Sjöholm, K.1
  • 155
    • 0011299862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The parameter of aspect in second language acquisition
    • Slabakova, R. 1999: The parameter of aspect in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 15, 283-317.
    • (1999) Second Language Research , vol.15 , pp. 283-317
    • Slabakova, R.1
  • 156
    • 0002357214 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar
    • In C. Ferguson and D. Slobin (eds), New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston
    • Slobin, D. 1973: Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar. In C. Ferguson and D. Slobin (eds), Studies in Child Language Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 175-208.
    • (1973) Studies in Child Language Development , pp. 175-208
    • Slobin, D.1
  • 157
    • 0039594729 scopus 로고
    • Adult language acquisition: a view from child language study
    • In C. Perdue (ed.), Vol. II: The Results. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Slobin, D. 1993: Adult language acquisition: a view from child language study. In C. Perdue (ed.), Adult Language Acquisition: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. Vol. II: The Results. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 239-52.
    • (1993) Adult Language Acquisition: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives , pp. 239-52
    • Slobin, D.1
  • 158
    • 0000346635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instruction, first language influence, and developmental readiness in second language acquisition
    • Spada, N. and Lightbown, P. 1999: Instruction, first language influence, and developmental readiness in second language acquisition. Modern Language Journal, 83, 1-22.
    • (1999) Modern Language Journal , vol.83 , pp. 1-22
    • Spada, N.1    Lightbown, P.2
  • 159
    • 84979371405 scopus 로고
    • Bridging the paradigm gap: second language acquisition theory and indigenized varieties of English
    • Sridhar, K. and Sridhar, S. N. 1986: Bridging the paradigm gap: second language acquisition theory and indigenized varieties of English. World Englishes, 5, 3-14.
    • (1986) World Englishes , vol.5 , pp. 3-14
    • Sridhar, K.1    Sridhar, S.N.2
  • 160
    • 84865222413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finnish as a second language for speakers of related languages
    • In M. Martin and P. Muikko-Werner (eds), JyväskyläCenter for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä
    • Sulkala, H. 1996: Finnish as a second language for speakers of related languages. In M. Martin and P. Muikko-Werner (eds), Finnish and Estonian: New Target Languages. JyväskyläCenter for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä.
    • (1996) Finnish and Estonian: New Target Languages
    • Sulkala, H.1
  • 161
    • 85180759405 scopus 로고
    • Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Thomason, S. and Kaufman, T. 1988: Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1988)
    • Thomason, S.1    Kaufman, T.2
  • 162
    • 0347731716 scopus 로고
    • Functional grammars, pedagogical grammars, and communicative language teaching
    • In T. Odlin (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Tomlin, R. 1994: Functional grammars, pedagogical grammars, and communicative language teaching. In T. Odlin (ed.), Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 140-78.
    • (1994) Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar , pp. 140-78
    • Tomlin, R.1
  • 163
    • 0141677210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initial state in the L2 acquisition of phrase structure
    • In S. Flynn, G Martohardjono, and W. O'Neil (eds), The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Vainikka, A. and Young-Scholten, M. 1998: The initial state in the L2 acquisition of phrase structure. In S. Flynn, G. Martohardjono, and W. O'Neil (eds), The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 17-34.
    • (1998) , pp. 17-34
    • Vainikka, A.1    Young-Scholten, M.2
  • 164
    • 0003753130 scopus 로고
    • Languages in Contact
    • The Hague: Mouton
    • Weinreich, U. 1953/68: Languages in Contact. The Hague: Mouton.
    • (1953)
    • Weinreich, U.1
  • 165
    • 0011330496 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of aspect in the English oral narratives of native Russian speakers
    • In H. Dechert and M. Raupach (eds), Norwood, NJ: Ablex
    • Wenzell, V. 1989: Transfer of aspect in the English oral narratives of native Russian speakers. In H. Dechert and M. Raupach (eds), Transfer in Language Production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 71-97.
    • (1989) Transfer in Language Production , pp. 71-97
    • Wenzell, V.1
  • 166
    • 84979398340 scopus 로고
    • The "pro-drop" parameter in adult second language acquisition
    • White, L. 1985: The "pro-drop" parameter in adult second language acquisition. Language Learning, 35, 47-62.
    • (1985) Language Learning , vol.35 , pp. 47-62
    • White, L.1
  • 167
    • 0141789192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second language acquisition: from initial to final state
    • In J. Archibald (ed.), Oxford: Blackwell
    • White, L. 2000: Second language acquisition: from initial to final state. In J. Archibald (ed.), Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 130-55.
    • (2000) Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory , pp. 130-55
    • White, L.1
  • 168
    • 0039835203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language switches in L3 production: implications for a polyglot speaking model
    • Williams, S. and Hammarberg, B. 1998: Language switches in L3 production: implications for a polyglot speaking model. Applied Linguistics, 19, 295-333.
    • (1998) Applied Linguistics , vol.19 , pp. 295-333
    • Williams, S.1    Hammarberg, B.2
  • 169
    • 34248786270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nativism does not equal Universal Grammar
    • Wolfe-Quintero, K. 1996: Nativism does not equal Universal Grammar. Second Language Research, 12, 335-73.
    • (1996) Second Language Research , vol.12 , pp. 335-73
    • Wolfe-Quintero, K.1
  • 170
    • 84979418693 scopus 로고
    • Word order typology, lexical government, and the prediction of multiple, graded effects on L2 word order
    • Zobl, H. 1986: Word order typology, lexical government, and the prediction of multiple, graded effects on L2 word order. Language Learning, 36, 159-83.
    • (1986) Language Learning , vol.36 , pp. 159-83
    • Zobl, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.