Cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases in monocytic differentiation

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

Volumn 204, Issue , 2011, Pages 365-390

  Hertz, Angie L ^a   Beavo, Joseph A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone marrow derived macrophage; Dendritic cell; Macrophage; Monocyte; Osteoclast

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE CYCLASE; B RAF KINASE; CD14 ANTIGEN; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE; FORSKOLIN; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 6; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR; ROLIPRAM; SALBUTAMOL; SILDENAFIL; TADALAFIL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VARDENAFIL; ZAPRINAST; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR;

ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE MARROW; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL STRAIN; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DENDRITIC CELL; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG ACTIVITY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME KINETICS; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; MACROPHAGE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MONOCYTE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NONHUMAN; OSTEOCLAST; OSTEOPENIA; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECT; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HUMANS; MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MONOCYTES; NUCLEOTIDES, CYCLIC; OSTEOCLASTS; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; PHOSPHORIC DIESTER HYDROLASES;

EID: 79960926345     PISSN: 01712004     EISSN: 18650325     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17969-3_16     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Addi Abduelhakem B, Lefort A, Hua X, Libert F, Communi D, Ledent C, Macours P, Tilley SL, Boeynaems J-M, Robaye B (2008) Modulation of murine dendritic cell function by adenine nucleotides and adenosine: involvement of the A2B receptor. Eur J Immunol 38:1610-1620
2. Baillie GS, MacKenzie SJ, McPhee I, Houslay MD (2000) Sub-family selective actions in the ability of Erk2 MAP kinase to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of PDE4 cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Br J Pharmacol 131:811-819
3. Bang B, Ericsen C, Aarbakke J (1994) Effects of cAMP and cGMP elevating agents on HL-60 cell differentiation. Pharmacol Toxicol 75:108-112 (Pubitemid 24257452)
4. Bar-Shavit Z (2007) The osteoclast: a multinucleated, hematopoietic-origin, bone-resorbing osteoimmune cell. J Cell Biochem 102:1130-1139 (Pubitemid 350220034)
5. Bender AT, Beavo JA (2004) Specific localized expression of cGMP PDEs in Purkinje neurons and macrophages. Neurochem Int 45:853-857 (Pubitemid 39108057)
6. Bender AT, Beavo JA (2006a) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: molecular regulation to clinical use. Pharmacol Rev 58:488-520 (Pubitemid 44394910)
7. Bender AT, Beavo JA (2006b) PDE1B2 regulates cGMP and a subset of the phenotypic characteristics acquired upon macrophage differentiation from a monocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:460-465 (Pubitemid 43122423)
8. Bender AT, Ostenson CL, Giordano D, Beavo JA (2004) Differentiation of human monocytes in vitro with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colonystimulating factor produces distinct changes in cGMP phosphodiesterase expression. Cell Signal 16:365-374 (Pubitemid 37542411)
9. Bender AT, Ostenson CL, Wang EH, Beavo JA (2005) Selective up-regulation of PDE1B2 upon monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:497-502 (Pubitemid 40116795)
10. Boeynaems J-M, Communi D, Savi P, Herbert J-M (2000) P2Y receptors: in the middle of the road. Trends Pharmacol Sci 21:1-3 (Pubitemid 30102180)
11. Bornfeldt KE (2006) A single second messenger: several possible cellular responses depending on distinct subcellular pools. Circ Res 99:790-792 (Pubitemid 44556375)
12. Boss G (1989) cGMP-induced differentiation of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:7174-7178 (Pubitemid 19240887)
13. Brodsky A, Davio C, Shayo C, Lemos Legnazzi B, Barbosa M, Lardo M, Morelli A, Baldi A, Sanchez Avalos JC, Rivera E (1998) Forskolin induces U937 cell line differentiation as a result of a sustained cAMP elevation. Eur J Pharmacol 350:121-127 (Pubitemid 28288317)
14. Bryn T, Mahic M, Enserink JM, Schwede F, Aandahl EM, Tasken K (2006) The cyclic AMP-Epac1-Rap1 pathway is dissociated from regulation of effector functions in monocytes but acquires immunoregulatory function in mature macrophages. J Immunol 176:7361-7370 (Pubitemid 43849037)
15. Burke B, Sumner S, Maitland N, Lewis CE (2002) Macrophages in gene therapy: cellular delivery vehicles and in vivo targets. J Leukoc Biol 72:417-428
16. Chaplinski TJ, Niedel JE (1982) Cyclic nucleotide-induced maturation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Clin Invest 70:953-964 (Pubitemid 13254919)
17. Cho Y-J, Kim J-Y, Jeong S-W, Lee SB, Kim ON (2003) Cyclic AMP induces activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in HL-60 cells: role in cAMP-induced differentiation. Leuk Res 27:51-56 (Pubitemid 35449716)
18. Cho E, Yu J, Kim M, Yim M (2004) Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, stimulates osteoclast formation by inducing TRANCE expression in mouse calvarial cells. Arch Pharm Res 27:1258-1262
19. Conti M, Richter W, Mehats C, Livera G, Park J-Y, Jin C (2003) Cyclic AMP-specific PDE4 phosphodiesterases as critical components of cyclic AMP signaling. J Biol Chem 278:5493-5496 (Pubitemid 36800786)
20. Essayan DM (2001) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108:671-680 (Pubitemid 33096193)
21. Fernandez N, Monczor F, Lemos B, Notcovich C, Baldi A, Davio C, Shayo C (2002) Reduction of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in U-937 cells attenuates H2 histamine receptor desensitization and induces cell maturation. Mol Pharmacol 62:1506-1514 (Pubitemid 35403846)
22. Fidock M, Miller M, Lanfear J (2002) Isolation and differential tissue distribution of two human cDNAs encoding PDE1 splice variants. Cell Signal 14:53-60 (Pubitemid 34020829)
23. Fischmeister R, Castro LRV, Abi-Gerges A, Rochais F, Jurevicius J, Leroy J, Vandecasteele G (2006) Compartmentation of cyclic nucleotide signaling in the heart: the role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Circ Res 99:816-828 (Pubitemid 44556380)
24. Fujita D, Yamashita N, Iita S, Amano H, Yamada S, Sakamoto K (2003) Prostaglandin E2 induced the differentiation of osteoclasts in mouse osteoblast-depleted bone marrow cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 68:351-358 (Pubitemid 36535261)
25. Gantner F, Kupferschmidt R, Schudt C, Wendel A, Hatzelmann A (1997a) In vitro differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages: change of PDE profile and its relationship to suppression of tumour necrosis factor-[alpha] release by PDE inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 121:221-231 (Pubitemid 27192708)
26. Gantner F, Tenor H, Gekeler V, Schudt C, Wendel A, Hatzelmann A (1997b) Phosphodiesterase profiles of highly purified human peripheral blood leukocyte populations from normal and atopic individuals: a comparative study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100:527-535 (Pubitemid 27441312)
27. Gantner F, Schudt C, Wendel A, Hatzelmann A (1999) Characterization of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) pattern of in vitro-generated human dendritic cells (DC) and the influence of PDE inhibitors on DC function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 12:377-386 (Pubitemid 30015810)
28. Geissmann F, Manz MG, Jung S, Sieweke MH, Merad M, Ley K (2010) Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science 327:656-661
29. Gilchrist M, Thorsson V, Li B, Rust AG, Korb M, Kennedy K, Hai T, Bolouri H, Aderem A (2006) Systems biology approaches identify ATF3 as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4. Nature 441:173-178
30. Giordano D, Magaletti DM, Clark EA, Beavo JA (2003) Cyclic nucleotides promote monocyte differentiation toward a DC-SIGN+ (CD209) intermediate cell and impair differentiation into dendritic cells. J Immunol 171:6421-6430 (Pubitemid 37532070)
31. Grage-Griebenow E, Flad HD, Ernst M (2001) Heterogeneity of human peripheral blood monocyte subsets. J Leukoc Biol 69:11-20 (Pubitemid 32095112)
32. Harris P, Ralph P (1985) Human leukemic models of myelomonocytic development: a review of the HL-60 and U937 cell lines. J Leukoc Biol 37:407-422 (Pubitemid 15147523)
33. Haskó G, Csóka B, Németh ZH, Vizi ES, Pacher P (2009) A2B adenosine receptors in immunity and inflammation. Trends Immunol 30:263-270
34. Hertz AL, Bender AT, Smith KC, Gilchrist M, Amieux PS, Aderem A, Beavo JA (2009a) Elevated cyclic AMP and PDE4 inhibition induce chemokine expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. doi:10.1073/pnas. 0911684106
35. Hertz AL, Bender AT, Smith KC, Gilchrist M, Amieux PS, Aderem A, Beavo JA (2009b) Elevated cyclic AMP and PDE4 inhibition induce chemokine expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:21978-21983
36. Heystek HC, Thierry A-C, Soulard P, Moulon C (2003) Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors reduce human dendritic cell inflammatory cytokine production and Th1-polarizing capacity. Int Immunol 15:827-835 (Pubitemid 36827071)
37. Holliday LS, Dean AD, Lin RH, Greenwald JE, Gluck SL (1997) Low NO concentrations inhibit osteoclast formation in mouse marrow cultures by cGMP-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 272:F283-F291
38. Houslay MD (2010) Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown. Trends Biochem Sci 35:91-100
39. Houslay MD, Schafer P, Zhang KYJ (2005) Keynote review: phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 10:1503-1519 (Pubitemid 41527193)
40. Itonaga I, Sabokbar A, Neale SD, Athanasou NA (1999) 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and prostaglandin E2 act directly on circulating human osteoclast precursors. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 264:590-595 (Pubitemid 29516130)
41. Jiang L, Foster FM, Ward P, Tasevski V, Luttrell BM, Conigrave AD (1997) Extracellular ATP triggers cyclic AMP-dependent differentiation of HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 232:626-630 (Pubitemid 27214047)
42. Jonuleit H, KÜhn U, MÜller G, Steinbrink K, Paragnik L, Schmitt E, Knop J, Enk A (1997) Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions. Eur J Immunol 27:3135-3142 (Pubitemid 28018007)
43. Kalinski P, Hilkens CM, Snijders A, Snijdewint FG, Kapsenberg ML (1997) IL-12-deficient dendritic cells, generated in the presence of prostaglandin E2, promote type 2 cytokine production in maturing human naive T helper cells. J Immunol 159:28-35 (Pubitemid 127493681)
44. Kalinski P, Schuitemaker JHN, Hilkens CMU, Kapsenberg ML (1998) Prostaglandin E2 induces the final maturation of IL-12-deficient CD1a+CD83+ dendritic cells: the levels of IL-12 are determined during the final dendritic cell maturation and are resistant to further modulation. J Immunol 161:2804-2809 (Pubitemid 28425700)
45. Kinoshita T, Kobayashi S, Ebara S, Yoshimura Y, Horiuchi H, Tsutsumimoto T, Wakabayashi S, Takaoka K (2000) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, pentoxifylline and rolipram, increase bone mass mainly by promoting bone formation in normal mice. Bone 27:811-817
46. Knoller N, Auerbach G, Fulga V, Zelig G, Attias J, Bakimer R, Marder JB, Yoles E, Belkin M, Schwartz M, Hadani M (2005) Clinical experience using incubated autologous macrophages as a treatment for complete spinal cord injury: phase I study results. J Neurosurg Spine 3:173-181
47. Kobayashi Y, Mizoguchi T, Take I, Kurihara S, Udagawa N, Takahashi N (2005a) Prostaglandin E2 enhances osteoclastic differentiation of precursor cells through protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of TAK1. J Biol Chem 280:11395-11403 (Pubitemid 40418448)
48. Kobayashi Y, Take I, Yamashita T, Mizoguchi T, Ninomiya T, Hattori T, Kurihara S, Ozawa H, Udagawa N, Takahashi N (2005b) Prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4 are downregulated during differentiation of Mouse osteoclasts from their precursors. J Biol Chem 280:24035-24042 (Pubitemid 40884891)
49. Kurland JI, Hadden JW, Moore MAS (1977) Role of cyclic nucleotides in the proliferation of committed granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. Cancer Res 37:4534-4538 (Pubitemid 8239660)
50. Kurland J, Bockman R, Broxmeyer H, Moore M (1978a) Limitation of excessive myelopoiesis by the intrinsic modulation of macrophage-derived prostaglandin E. Science 199:552
51. Kurland J, Broxmeyer H, Pelus M, Bockman R, Moore M (1978b) Role for monocyte-macrophage-derived colony stimulating factor and prostaglandin E in the positive and negative feedback control of myeloid stem cell proliferation. Blood 52:388
52. Legnazzi BL, Shayo C, Monczor F, Martin ME, Fernandez N, Brodsky A, Baldi A, Davio C (2000) Rapid desensitization and slow recovery of the cyclic AMP response mediated by histamine H2 receptors in the U937 cell line. Biochem Pharmacol 60:159-166 (Pubitemid 30312943)
53. Li X, Okada Y, Pilbeam CC, Lorenzo JA, Kennedy CRJ, Breyer RM, Raisz LG (2000) Knockout of the murine prostaglandin EP2 receptor impairs osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 141:2054-2061 (Pubitemid 32274356)
54. Luft T, Jefford M, Luetjens P, Toy T, Hochrein H, Masterman K-A, Maliszewski C, Shortman K, Cebon J, Maraskovsky E (2002) Functionally distinct dendritic cell (DC) populations induced by physiologic stimuli: prostaglandin E2 regulates the migratory capacity of specific DC subsets. Blood 100:1362-1372 (Pubitemid 34864293)
55. Mano M, Arakawa T, Mano H, Nakagawa M, Kaneda T, Kaneko H, Yamada T, Miyata K, Kiyomura H, Kumegawa M, Hakeda Y (2000) Prostaglandin E2 directly inhibits bone-resorbing activity of isolated mature osteoclasts mainly through the EP4 receptor. Calcif Tissue Int 67:85-92 (Pubitemid 30460955)
56. Miyamoto K-i, Waki Y, Horita T, Kasugai S, Ohya K (1997) Reduction of bone loss by denbufylline, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4. Biochem Pharmacol 54:613-617 (Pubitemid 27404696)
57. Miyamoto K-i, Nishioka T, Waki Y, Nomura M, Katsuta H, Yokogawa K, Amano H (2006) Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram potentiates the inhibitory effect of calcitonin on osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Metab 24:260-265 (Pubitemid 43992668)
58. Monczor F, Fernandez N, Riveiro E, Mladovan A, Baldi A, Shayo C, Davio C (2006) Histamine H2 receptor overexpression induces U937 cell differentiation despite triggered mechanisms to attenuate cAMP signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 71:1219-1228 (Pubitemid 43357902)
59. Morelli AE, Thomson AW (2003) Dendritic cells under the spell of prostaglandins. Trends Immunol 24:108-111 (Pubitemid 36263091)
60. Morita R, Ukyo N, Furuya M, Uchiyama T, Hori T (2003) Atrial natriuretic peptide polarizes human dendritic cells toward a Th2-promoting phenotype through its receptor guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptor A. J Immunol 170:5869-5875 (Pubitemid 36682565)
61. Mosser DM, Edwards JP (2008) Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 8:958-969
62. Nakashima T, Takayanagi H (2009) Osteoclasts and the immune system. J Bone Miner Metab 27:519-529
63. Noh ALSM, Yang M, Lee J-M, Park H, Lee D-S, Yim M (2009) Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 negatively regulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-mediated osteoclast formation by prostaglandin E2. Biol Pharm Bull 32:1844-1848
64. Nonaka T, Mio M, Doi M, Tasaka K (1992) Histamine-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells: the role of cAMP and protein kinase A. Biochem Pharmacol 44:1115-1121
65. Novitskiy SV, Ryzhov S, Zaynagetdinov R, Goldstein AE, Huang Y, Tikhomirov OY, Blackburn MR, Biaggioni I, Carbone DP, Feoktistov I, Dikov MM (2008) Adenosine receptors in regulation of dendritic cell differentiation and function. Blood 112:1822-1831
66. Olsson IL, Breitman TR, Gallo RC (1982) Priming of human myeloid leukemic cell lines HL-60 and U-937 with retinoic acid for differentiation effects of cyclic adenosine 30:50-monophosphate-inducing agents and a T-lymphocyte-derived differentiation factor. Cancer Res 42:3928-3933 (Pubitemid 13198543)
67. Ono K, Akatsu T, Murakami T, Nishikawa M, Yamamoto M, Kugai N, Motoyoshi K, Nagata N (1998) Important role of EP4, a subtype of prostaglandin (PG) E receptor, in osteoclast-like cell formation from mouse bone marrow cells induced by PGE2. J Endocrinol 158:R1-R5 (Pubitemid 28407553)
68. Ono K, Kaneko H, Choudhary S, Pilbeam CC, Lorenzo JA, Akatsu T, Kugai N, Raisz LG (2005) Biphasic effect of prostaglandin E2 on osteoclast formation in spleen cell cultures: role of the EP2 receptor. J Bone Miner Res 20:23-29 (Pubitemid 41716215)
69. Orenstein A, Kachel E, Zuloff-Shani A, Paz Y, Sarig O, Haik J, Smolinsky AK, Mohr R, Shinar E, Danon D (2005) Treatment of deep sternal wound infections post-open heart surgery by application of activated macrophage suspension. Wound Repair Regen 13:237-242 (Pubitemid 40848015)
70. Paczesny S, Ueno H, Fay J, Banchereau J, Palucka AK (2003) Dendritic cells as vectors for immunotherapy of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 13:439-447 (Pubitemid 38156136)
71. Park H, Yim M (2007) Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, suppresses PGE2-induced osteoclast formation by lowering osteoclast progenitor cell viability. Arch Pharm Res 30:486-492
72. Park H, Young Lee S, Lee D-S, Yim M (2007) Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor regulates the TRANCE/OPG ratio via COX-2 expression in a manner similar to PTH in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 354:178-183 (Pubitemid 46123217)
73. Pastorino S, Massazza S, Cilli M, Varesio L, Bosco MC (2001) Generation of high-titer retroviral vector-producing macrophages as vehicles for in vivo gene transfer. Gene Ther 8:431-441 (Pubitemid 32266398)
74. Poppe H, Rybalkin SD, Rehmann H, Hinds TR, Tang X-B, Christensen AE, Schwede F, Genieser H-G, Bos JL, Doskeland SO, Beavo JA, Butt E (2008) Cyclic nucleotide analogs as probes of signaling pathways. Nat Meth 5:277-278 (Pubitemid 351455143)
75. Ransjo M, Lie A, Mackie EJ (1999) Cholera toxin and forskolin stimulate formation of osteoclastlike cells in mouse marrow cultures and cultured mouse calvarial bones. Eur J Oral Sci 107:45-54
76. Reneland R, Mah S, Kammerer S, Hoyal C, Marnellos G, Wilson S, Sambrook P, Spector T, Nelson M, Braun A (2005) Association between a variation in the phosphodiesterase 4D gene and bone mineral density. BMC Med Genet 6:9
77. Scandella E, Men Y, Gillessen S, Forster R, Groettrup M (2002) Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 100:1354-1361 (Pubitemid 34864292)
78. Shayo C, Davio C, Brodsky A, Mladovan AG, Legnazzi BL, Rivera E, Baldi A (1997) Histamine modulates the expression of c-fos through cyclic AMP production via the H2 receptor in the human promonocytic cell line U937. Mol Pharmacol 51:983-990 (Pubitemid 27249131)
79. Shayo C, Fernandez N, Legnazzi BL, Monczor F, Mladovan A, Baldi A, Davio C (2001) Histamine H2 receptor desensitization: involvement of a select array of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Mol Pharmacol 60:1049-1056 (Pubitemid 33027440)
80. Shayo C, Legnazzi BL, Monczor F, Fernández N, Riveiro ME, Baldi A, Davio C (2004) The timecourse of cyclic AMP signaling is critical for leukemia U-937 cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 314:798-804 (Pubitemid 38112869)
81. Shepherd MC, Baillie GS, Stirling DI, Houslay MD (2004) Remodelling of the PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoform profile upon monocyte-macrophage differentiation of human U937 cells. Br J Pharmacol 142:339-351 (Pubitemid 38746170)
82. Spina D (2008) PDE4 inhibitors: current status. Br J Pharmacol 155:308-315
83. Takami M, Cho ES, Lee SY, Kamijo R, Yim M (2005) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors stimulate osteoclast formation via TRANCE/RANKL expression in osteoblasts: possible involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. FEBS Lett 579:832-838
84. Take I, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto Y, Tsuboi H, Ochi T, Uematsu S, Okafuji N, Kurihara S, Udagawa N, Takahashi N (2005) Prostaglandin E2 strongly inhibits human osteoclast formation. Endocrinology 146:5204-5214 (Pubitemid 41653034)
85. Tintut Y, Parhami F, Tsingotjidou A, Tetradis S, Territo M, Demer LL (2002) 8-Isoprostaglandin E2 enhances receptor-activated NFkB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclastic potential of marrow hematopoietic precursors via the cAMP pathway. J Biol Chem 277:14221-14226 (Pubitemid 34968036)
86. Torphy TJ, Zhou HL, Cieslinski LB (1992) Stimulation of beta adrenoceptors in a human monocyte cell line (U937) up-regulates cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 263:1195-1205 (Pubitemid 23157198)
87. Tortora G, Clair T, Cho-Chung YS (1990) An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against the type II beta regulatory subunit mRNA of protein kinase inhibits cAMP-induced differentiation in HL-60 leukemia cells without affecting phorbol ester effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:705-708
88. Tortora G, Yokozaki H, Pepe S, Clair T, Cho-Chung YS (1991) Differentiation of HL-60 leukemia by type I regulatory subunit antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2011-2015
89. Tudhope SJ, Finney-Hayward TK, Nicholson AG, Mayer RJ, Barnette MS, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE (2008) Different mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent cytokine responses in cells of the monocyte lineage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 324:306-312 (Pubitemid 350294173)
90. Vairo G, Argyriou S, Bordun AM, Whitty G, Hamilton JA (1990) Inhibition of the signaling pathways for macrophage proliferation by cyclic AMP. Lack of effect on early responses to colony stimulating factor-1. J Biol Chem 265:2692-2701
91. Verghese MW, McConnell RT, Lenhard JM, Hamacher L, Jin SL (1995) Regulation of distinct cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase type 4) isozymes in human monocytic cells. Mol Pharmacol 47:1164-1171
92. Waki Y, Horita T, Miyamoto K-i, Ohya K, Kasugai S (1999) Effects of XT-44, a phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, in osteoblastgenesis and osteoclastgenesis in culture and its therapeutic effects. Jpn J Pharmacol 79:477-483 (Pubitemid 29213366)
93. Wani MR, Fuller K, Kim NS, Choi Y, Chambers T (1999) Prostaglandin E2 cooperates with TRANCE in osteoclast induction from hemopoietic precursors: synergistic activation of differentiation, cell spreading, and fusion. Endocrinology 140:1927-1935 (Pubitemid 29149267)
94. Wilson NJ, Cross M, Nguyen T, Hamilton JA (2005) cAMP inhibits CSF-1-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation but augments CSF-1R-mediated macrophage differentiation and ERK activation. FEBS J 272:4141-4152 (Pubitemid 41160921)
95. Wilson JM, Ross WG, Agbai ON, Frazier R, Figler RA, Rieger J, Linden J, Ernst PB (2009) The A2B adenosine receptor impairs the maturation and immunogenicity of dendritic cells. J Immunol 182:4616-4623
96. Xaus J, Valledor AF, Cardo M, Marques L, Beleta J, Palacios JM, Celada A (1999) Adenosine inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation of macrophages through the induction of p27kip-1 expression. J Immunol 163:4140-4149 (Pubitemid 29474476)
97. Yamagami H, Nishioka T, Ochiai E, Fukushima K, Nomura M, Kasugai S, Moritani S, Yokogawa K, Miyamoto K-i (2003) Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor XT-611 through synergistic action with endogenous prostaglandin E2. Biochem Pharmacol 66:801-807 (Pubitemid 37011419)
98. Zhu N, Cui J, Qiao C, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Shen B (2008) cAMP modulates macrophage development by suppressing M-CSF-induced MAPKs activation. Cell Mol Immunol 5:153-157
99. Zuloff-Shani A, Kachel E, Frenkel O, Orenstein A, Shinar E, Danon D (2004) Macrophage suspensions prepared from a blood unit for treatment of refractory human ulcers. Transfus Apher Sci 30:163-167 (Pubitemid 38519802)