Social Power Facilitates the Effect of Prosocial Orientation on Empathic Accuracy

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 217-232

  Côté, Stéphane ^a,b   Kraus, Michael W ^c   Cheng, Bonnie Hayden ^a   Oveis, Christopher ^d   van der Löwe, Ilmo ^e   Lian, Hua ^b   Keltner, Dacher ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Emotions; Empathic accuracy; Power; Prosocial orientation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CANADA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EMPATHY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORIENTATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CALIFORNIA; EMPATHY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ONTARIO; ORIENTATION; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960757211     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023171     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Allen J.J.B., Chambers A.S., Towers D.N. The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: A pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics. Biological Psychology 2007, 74:243-262. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.005.
2. Anderson C., Berdahl J.L. The experience of power: Examining the effects of power on approach and inhibition tendencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 83:1362-1377. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1362.
3. Anderson C., Galinsky A.D. Power, optimism, and risk-taking. European Journal of Social Psychology 2006, 36:511-536. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.324.
4. Anderson C., Keltner D., John O.P. Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:1054-1068. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1054.
5. Aron A., Aron E.N., Smollan D. Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63:596-612. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596.
6. Aronson E., Carlsmith J.M. Experimentation in social psychology. Handbook of social psychology: Vol. 2. Research methods 1968, 1-79. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 2nd ed. G. Lindzey, E. Aronson (Eds.).
7. Balliet D.P., Parks C.D., Joireman J. Social value orientation, strong versus weak situations, and cooperation: A meta-analysis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2009, 12:533-547. doi: 10.1177/1368430209105040.
8. Bargh J.A., Raymond P., Pryor J.B., Strack F. Attractiveness of the underling: An automatic power → sex association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995, 68:768-781. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.768.
9. Bastian V.A., Burns N.R., Nettelbeck T. Emotional intelligence predicts life skills, but not as well as personality and cognitive abilities. Personality and Individual Differences 2005, 39:1135-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.006.
10. Batson C.D., Shaw L.L. Evidence for altruism: Toward a pluralism of prosocial motives. Psychological Inquiry 1991, 2:107-122. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0202_1.
11. Beauchaine T.P. Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 2001, 13:183-214. doi: 10.1017/S0954579401002012.
12. Campbell D.T., Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 1959, 56:81-105. doi: 10.1037/h0046016.
13. Campbell L., Kashy D.A. Estimating actor, partner, and interaction effects for dyadic data using PROC MIXED and HLM: A user-friendly guide. Personal Relationships 2002, 9:327-342. doi: 10.1111/1475-6811.00023.
14. Chen S., Langner C.A., Mendoza-Denton R. When dispositional and role power fit: Implications for self-expression and self-other congruence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 96:710-727. doi: 10.1037/a0014526.
15. Chen S., Lee-Chai A.Y., Bargh J.A. Relationship orientation as a moderator of the effects of social power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:173-187. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.173.
16. Côté S., Moskowitz D.S. On the dynamic covariation between interpersonal behavior and affect: Prediction from Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:1032-1046. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.1032.
17. Edwards J.R., Lambert L.S. Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods 2007, 12:1-22. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.1.
18. Eisenberg N. Empathy-related emotional response, altruism, and their socialization. Visions of compassion: Western scientists and Tibetan Buddhists examine human nature 2002, 131-164. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. R.J. Davidson, A. Harrington (Eds.).
19. Eisenberg N., Fabes R.A., Murphy B., Maszk P., Smith M., Karbon M. The role of emotionality and regulation in children's social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development 1995, 66:1360-1384. doi: 10.2307/1131652.
20. Elfenbein H.A., Foo M.D., White J., Tan H.H., Aik V.C. Reading your counterpart: The benefit of emotion recognition accuracy for effectiveness in negotiation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 2007, 31:205-223. doi: 10.1007/s10919-007-0033-7.
21. Epley N., Dunning D. The mixed blessings of self-knowledge in behavioral prediction: Enhanced discrimination but exacerbated bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2006, 32:641-655. doi: 10.1177/0146167205284007.
22. Fabes R.A., Eisenberg N., Eisenbud L. Behavioral and physiological correlates of children's reactions to others in distress. Developmental Psychology 1993, 29:655-663. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.655.
23. Fast N.J., Gruenfeld D.H., Sivanathan N., Galinsky A.D. Illusory control: A generative force behind power's far-reaching effects. Psychological Science 2009, 20:502-508. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02311.x.
24. Fiske S.T. Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. American Psychologist 1993, 48:621-628. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.48.6.621.
25. Fiske S.T., Dépret E. Control interdependence and power: Understanding social cognition in its social context. European Review of Social Psychology 1996, 7:31-61. doi: 10.1080/14792779443000094.
26. Fletcher G.J.O., Kerr P.S.G. Through the eyes of love: Reality and illusion in intimate relationships. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:627-658. doi: 10.1037/a0019792.
27. Frijda N.H., Mesquita B. The social roles and functions of emotions. Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence 1994, 51-87. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. S. Kitayama, H.R. Markus (Eds.).
28. Gagné F.M., Lydon J.E. Bias and accuracy in close relationships: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2004, 8:322-338. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_1.
29. Galinsky A.D., Magee J.C., Gruenfeld D.H., Whitson J.A., Liljenquist K.A. Power reduces the press of the situation: Implications for creativity, conformity, and dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:1450-1466. doi: 10.1037/a0012633.
30. Galinsky A.D., Magee J.C., Inesi M.E., Gruenfeld D.H. Power and perspectives not taken. Psychological Science 2006, 17:1068-1074. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01824.x.
31. Geisler F.C.M., Vennewald N., Kubiak T., Weber H. The impact of heart rate variability on subjective well-being is mediated by emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 49:723-728. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.015.
32. Gleason K.A., Jensen-Campbell L.A., Ickes W. The role of empathic accuracy in adolescents' peer relations and adjustment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2009, 35:997-1011. doi: 10.1177/0146167209336605.
33. Goetz J.L., Keltner D., Simon-Thomas E. Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:351-374. doi: 10.1037/a0018807.
34. Goldberg L.R. The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment 1992, 4:26-42. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26.
35. Goldberg L.R. A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. Personality psychology in Europe 1999, 7:7-28. Tilburg University Press, Tilburg, the Netherlands. I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, F. Ostendorf (Eds.).
36. Grant A.M. The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology 2008, 93:108-124. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108.
37. Grant A.M., Mayer D.M. Good soldiers and good actors: Prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology 2009, 94:900-912. doi: 10.1037/a0013770.
38. Graziano W.G., Eisenberg N. Agreeableness: A dimension of personality. Handbook of personality psychology 1997, 795-824. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. R. Hogan, J.A. Johnson, S.R. Briggs (Eds.).
39. Graziano W.G., Habashi M., Sheese B., Tobin R.M. Agreeableness, empathy, and helping: A Person × Situation perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 93:583-599. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.583.
40. Graziano W.G., Jensen-Campbell L.A., Hair E.C. Perceiving interpersonal conflict and reacting to it: The case for Agreeableness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 70:820-835. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.820.
41. Greenhaus J.H., Parasuraman S., Wormley W.M. Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal 1990, 33:64-86. doi: 10.2307/256352.
42. Gruenfeld D.H., Inesi M.E., Magee J.C., Galinsky A.D. Power and the objectification of social targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:111-127. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.111.
43. Guinote A. Behaviour variability and the situated focus theory of power. European Review of Social Psychology 2007, 18:256-295. doi: 10.1080/10463280701692813.
44. Guinote A. Power affects basic cognition: Increased attentional inhibition and flexibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2007, 43:685-697. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.06.008.
45. Guinote A. Power and goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2007, 33:1076-1087. doi: 10.1177/0146167207301011.
46. Guinote A., Judd C.M., Brauer M. Effects of power on perceived and objective group variability: Evidence that more powerful groups are more variable. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:708-721. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.708.
47. Gyurak A., Ayduk O. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia buffers against rejection sensitivity via emotion control. Emotion 2008, 8:458-467. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.458.
48. Haidt J. The moral emotions. Handbook of affective sciences 2003, 852-870. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. R.J. Davidson, K.R. Scherer, H.H. Goldsmith (Eds.).
49. Hall J.A., Andrzejewski S.A., Yopchick J.E. Psychosocial correlates of interpersonal sensitivity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 2009, 33:149-180. doi: 10.1007/s10919-009-0070-5.
50. Hall J.A., Carter J.D., Horgan T.G. Status roles and recall of nonverbal cues. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 2001, 25:79-100. doi: 10.1023/A:1010797627793.
51. Hall J.A., Coates E.J., Smith LeBeau L. Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 2005, 131:898-924. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.898.
52. Hall J.A., Halberstadt A.G. " Subordination" and sensitivity to nonverbal cues: A study of married working women. Sex Roles 1994, 31:149-165. doi: 10.1007/BF01547712.
53. Hall J.A., Rosip J.C., Smith LeBeau L., Horgan T.G., Carter J.D. Attributing the sources of accuracy in unequal-power dyadic communication: Who is better and why?. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2006, 42:18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.01.005.
54. Heilman K.J., Bal E., Bazhenova O.V., Porges S.W. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and tympanic membrane compliance predict spontaneous eye gaze behaviors in young children: A pilot study. Developmental Psychobiology 2007, 49:531-542. doi: 10.1002/dev.20237.
55. Hewig J., Hagemann D., Seifert J., Gollwitzer M., Naumann E., Bartussek D. A revised film set for the induction of basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion 2005, 19:1095-1109. doi: 10.1080/02699930541000084.
56. Hsee C.K., Hatfield E., Carlson J.G., Chemtob C. The effect of power on susceptibility to emotional contagion. Cognition & Emotion 1990, 4:327-340. doi: 10.1080/02699939008408081.
57. Ickes W. Measuring empathic accuracy. Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement 2001, 219-241. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. J.A. Hall, F.J. Bernieri (Eds.).
58. Ickes W., Stinson L., Bissonnette V., Garcia S. Naturalistic social cognition: Empathic accuracy in mixed-sex dyads. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 59:730-742. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.730.
59. James L.R., Brett J.M. Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology 1984, 69:307-321. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.307.
60. Kalmijn M. Status homogamy in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 1991, 97:496-523. doi: 10.1086/229786.
61. Keltner D., Ekman P., Gonzaga G.C., Beer J. Facial expressions of emotion. Handbook of affective sciences 2003, 415-432. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. R.J. Davidson, K.R. Scherer, H.H. Goldsmith (Eds.).
62. Keltner D., Gruenfeld D.H., Anderson C. Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological Review 2003, 110:265-284. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.265.
63. Keltner D., Haidt J. Social functions of emotions at multiple levels of analysis. Cognition & Emotion 1999, 13:505-521. doi: 10.1080/026999399379168.
64. Kenny D.A., Albright L. Accuracy in interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. Psychological Bulletin 1987, 102:390-402. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.102.3.390.
65. Kenny D.A., Kashy D.A., Cook W.L. Dyadic data analysis 2006, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
66. Kok B.E., Fredrickson B.L. Upward spirals of the heart: Autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively predicts positive emotions and social connectedness. Biological Psychology 2010, 85:432-436. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.09.005.
67. Koole S.L., Jager W., van den Berg A.E., Vlek C.A.J., Hofstee W.K.B. On the social nature of personality: The influence of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and feedback about collective resource use on cooperation in a resource dilemma. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2001, 27:289-301. doi: 10.1177/0146167201273003.
68. Kraus M.W., Côté S., Keltner D. Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy. Psychological Science 2010, 21:1716-1723. doi: 10.1177/0956797610387613.
69. Lammers J., Stoker J.I., Stapel D.A. Social and personal power have opposite effects on stereotyping, but parallel effects on behavioral approach. Psychological Science 2009, 20:1543-1549. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x.
70. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual (Tech. Rep. No. A-8) 2008, University of Florida, NIMH Center for Emotion and Attention, Gainesville.
71. Lazarus R.S. Emotion and adaptation 1991, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
72. Lerner J.S., Keltner D. Fear, anger, and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 81:146-159. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146.
73. Levenson R.W., Ruef A.M. Empathy: A physiological substrate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63:234-246. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.234.
74. Lopes P.N., Grewal D., Kadis J., Gall M., Salovey P. Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema 2006, 18:132-138.
75. Magee J.C., Galinsky A.D. Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. Academy of Management Annals 2008, 2:351-398. doi: 10.1080/19416520802211628.
76. Magee J.C., Langner C.A. How personalized and socialized power motivation facilitate antisocial and prosocial decision-making. Journal of Research in Personality 2008, 42:1547-1559. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.07.009.
77. Marsh A.A., Kozak M.N., Ambady N. Accurate identification of fear facial expressions predicts prosocial behavior. Emotion 2007, 7:239-251. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.239.
78. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. Manual for the MSCEIT (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 2002, MultiHealth Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
79. Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications. Psychological Inquiry 2004, 15:197-215. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02.
80. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R. Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2005, 14:34-38. doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00330.x.
81. Muller D., Judd C.M., Yzerbyt V.Y. When moderation is meditated and when mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 89:852-863. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.852.
82. Oveis C., Cohen A.B., Gruber J., Shiota M.N., Haidt J., Keltner D. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with tonic positive emotionality. Emotion 2009, 9:265-270. doi: 10.1037/a0015383.
83. Oveis C., Horberg E.J., Keltner D. Compassion, pride, and social intuitions of self-other similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 98:618-630. doi: 10.1037/a0017628.
84. Overbeck J.R., Park B. When power does not corrupt: Superior individuation processes among powerful perceivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 81:549-565. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.549.
85. Overbeck J.R., Park B. Powerful perceivers, powerless objects: Flexibility of powerholders' social attention. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2006, 99:227-243. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.10.003.
86. Piff P.K., Kraus M.W., Côté S., Cheng B.H., Keltner D. Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 99:771-784. doi: 10.1037/a0020092.
87. Porges S.W. Love: An emergent property of the mammalian nervous system. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998, 23:837-861. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00057-2.
88. Porges S.W. The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2001, 42:123-146. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8760(01)00162-3.
89. Porges S.W. The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology 2007, 74:116-143. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009.
90. Preacher K.J., Curran P.J., Bauer D.J. Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 2006, 31:437-448. doi: 10.3102/10769986031004437.
91. Preacher K.J., Rucker D.D., Hayes A.F. Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2007, 42:185-227.
92. Preston S.D., de Waal F.B.M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2002, 25:1-72.
93. Roberts R.D., Schulze R., O'Brien K., MacCann C., Reid J., Maul A. Exploring the validity of the Mayor-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) with established emotions measures. Emotion 2006, 6:663-669. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.663.
94. Rubin R.S., Munz D.C., Bommer W.H. Leading from within: The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behavior. Academy of Management Journal 2005, 48:845-858.
95. Schmid Mast M., Jonas K., Hall J.A. Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity: The phenomenon and its why and when. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 97:835-850. doi: 10.1037/a0016234.
96. Shiota M.N., Keltner D., John O.P. Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style. Journal of Positive Psychology 2006, 1:61-71. doi: 10.1080/17439760500510833.
97. Simpson J.A., Oriña M.M., Ickes W. When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 85:881-893. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.881.
98. Singer, T., & Lamm, C. (2009). The social neuroscience of empathy. In M. B. Miller & A. Kingstone (Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Vol. 1156. The year in cognitive neuroscience 2009 (pp. 81-96). doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04418.x.
99. Smith P.K., Trope Y. You focus on the forest when you're in charge of the trees: Power priming and abstract information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:578-596. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.578.
100. Smith T.W., Cribbet M.R., Nealey-Moore J.B., Uchino B.N., Williams P.G., MacKenzie J., Thayer J.F. Matters of the variable heart: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia response to marital interaction and associations with marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2011, 100:103-119. doi: 10.1037/a0021136.
101. Snodgrass S.E. Further effects of role versus gender on interpersonal sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:154-158. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.154.
102. Snodgrass S.E., Hecht M., Ploutz-Snyder R. Interpersonal sensitivity: Expressivity or perceptivity?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:238-249. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.238.
103. Sy T., Côté S., Saavedra R. The contagious leader: Impact of the leader's mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90:295-305. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.295.
104. O*NET 5.1 database 2001, United States Department of Labor, Retrieved from http://www.onetcenter.org/database.html.
105. Van Kleef G.A. How emotions regulate social life. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009, 18:184-188. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x.
106. Van Kleef G.A., De Dreu C.K.W., Manstead A.S.R. The interpersonal effects of emotions in negotiations: A motivated information processing approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2004, 87:510-528. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.510.
107. Van Kleef G.A., Oveis C., van der Löwe I., LuoKogan A., Goetz J., Keltner D. Power, distress, and compassion: Turning a blind eye to the suffering of others. Psychological Science 2008, 19:1315-1322. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02241.x.
108. van Lange P.A.M. The pursuit of joint outcomes and equality in outcomes: An integrative model of social value orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 77:337-349. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.337.
109. Verhofstadt L.L., Buysse A., Ickes W., Davis M., Devoldre I. Support provision in marriage: The role of emotional linkage and empathic accuracy. Emotion 2008, 8:792-802. doi: 10.1037/a0013976.