메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 351-374

Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review

Author keywords

altruism; compassion; empathy; prosocial behavior; sympathy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANIMAL; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COOPERATION; CULTURAL FACTOR; EMOTION; EMPATHY; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; EVOLUTION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MORALITY; MOTIVATION; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIALIZATION; TOUCH;

EID: 77953156856     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0018807     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1412)

References (246)
  • 1
    • 15244356279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of direct and averted gaze on the perception of facially communicated emotion
    • Adams R.B., and Kleck R.E. Effects of direct and averted gaze on the perception of facially communicated emotion. Emotion 5 (2005) 3-11
    • (2005) Emotion , vol.5 , pp. 3-11
    • Adams, R.B.1    Kleck, R.E.2
  • 2
    • 60549094801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social brain: Neural basis of social knowledge
    • Adolphs R. The social brain: Neural basis of social knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology 60 (2008) 693-716
    • (2008) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 693-716
    • Adolphs, R.1
  • 3
    • 33749249580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the amygdala in processing visual social stimuli
    • Adolphs R., and Spezio M. Role of the amygdala in processing visual social stimuli. Progress in Brain Research 156 (2006) 363-378
    • (2006) Progress in Brain Research , vol.156 , pp. 363-378
    • Adolphs, R.1    Spezio, M.2
  • 5
    • 21144462267 scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness
    • Aron A., Aron E.N., and Smollan D. Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1992) 596-612
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 596-612
    • Aron, A.1    Aron, E.N.2    Smollan, D.3
  • 7
    • 0019480612 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod R., and Hamilton W.D. The evolution of cooperation. Science 211 (1981, March 27) 1390-1396
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hamilton, W.D.2
  • 8
    • 0035346201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not all laughs are alike: Voiced but not unvoiced laughter readily elicits positive affect
    • Bachorowski J.-A., and Owren M.J. Not all laughs are alike: Voiced but not unvoiced laughter readily elicits positive affect. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 252-257
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 252-257
    • Bachorowski, J.-A.1    Owren, M.J.2
  • 9
    • 0141542578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse sphere of psychosocial functioning
    • Bandura A., Caprara G.V., Barbaranelli C., Gerbino M., and Pastorelli C. Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse sphere of psychosocial functioning. Child Development 74 (2003) 769-782
    • (2003) Child Development , vol.74 , pp. 769-782
    • Bandura, A.1    Caprara, G.V.2    Barbaranelli, C.3    Gerbino, M.4    Pastorelli, C.5
  • 11
    • 1542375963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love
    • Bartels A., and Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. NeuroImage 21 (2004) 1155-1166
    • (2004) NeuroImage , vol.21 , pp. 1155-1166
    • Bartels, A.1    Zeki, S.2
  • 13
    • 0000329552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruism and prosocial behavior
    • Gilbert D., Fiske S., and Lindzey G. (Eds), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
    • Batson C.D. Altruism and prosocial behavior. In: Gilbert D., Fiske S., and Lindzey G. (Eds). The handbook of social psychology. 4th ed. 2 (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 282-316
    • (1998) The handbook of social psychology. 4th ed. , vol.2 , pp. 282-316
    • Batson, C.D.1
  • 14
    • 0242341091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy and altruism
    • Snyder C.R., and Lopez S.L. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Batson C.D., Ahmad N., Lishner D.A., and Tsang J. Empathy and altruism. In: Snyder C.R., and Lopez S.L. (Eds). Handbook of positive psychology (2002), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 485-498
    • (2002) Handbook of positive psychology , pp. 485-498
    • Batson, C.D.1    Ahmad, N.2    Lishner, D.A.3    Tsang, J.4
  • 16
    • 0023300352 scopus 로고
    • Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences
    • Batson C.D., Fultz J., and Schoenrade P.A. Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality 55 (1987) 19-39
    • (1987) Journal of Personality , vol.55 , pp. 19-39
    • Batson, C.D.1    Fultz, J.2    Schoenrade, P.A.3
  • 20
    • 0000170151 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altruism: Toward a pluralism of prosocial motives
    • Batson C.D., and Shaw L.L. Evidence for altruism: Toward a pluralism of prosocial motives. Psychological Inquiry 2 (1991) 107-122
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 107-122
    • Batson, C.D.1    Shaw, L.L.2
  • 21
    • 0035263787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology
    • Beauchaine T.P. Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 13 (2001) 183-214
    • (2001) Development and Psychopathology , vol.13 , pp. 183-214
    • Beauchaine, T.P.1
  • 24
    • 77953174267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do I feel bad when you feel bad? Pity, compassion, and mercy
    • MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Ben Ze'ev A. Why do I feel bad when you feel bad? Pity, compassion, and mercy. In The subtlety of emotions (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 327-352
    • (2000) In The subtlety of emotions , pp. 327-352
    • Ben Ze'ev, A.1
  • 25
    • 0022745527 scopus 로고
    • Perceiving character in faces: The impact of age-related craniofacial changes on social perception
    • Berry D.S., and McArthur L.Z. Perceiving character in faces: The impact of age-related craniofacial changes on social perception. Psychological Bulletin 100 (1986) 3-18
    • (1986) Psychological Bulletin , vol.100 , pp. 3-18
    • Berry, D.S.1    McArthur, L.Z.2
  • 27
    • 0009388224 scopus 로고
    • Compassion
    • Rorty A.O. (Ed), University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Blum L. Compassion. In: Rorty A.O. (Ed). Explaining emotions (1980), University of California Press, Berkeley 507-517
    • (1980) Explaining emotions , pp. 507-517
    • Blum, L.1
  • 28
    • 21544455438 scopus 로고
    • The concept of emotion revisited: A critical synthesis of Western and Confucian thought
    • Marks J., and Ames R.T. (Eds), State University of New York Press, Albany
    • Bockover M.I. The concept of emotion revisited: A critical synthesis of Western and Confucian thought. In: Marks J., and Ames R.T. (Eds). Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy (1995), State University of New York Press, Albany 161-180
    • (1995) Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy , pp. 161-180
    • Bockover, M.I.1
  • 33
    • 21844521539 scopus 로고
    • Some neo-Darwinian decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision
    • Burnstein E., Crandall C., and Kitayama S. Some neo-Darwinian decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 773-789
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 773-789
    • Burnstein, E.1    Crandall, C.2    Kitayama, S.3
  • 35
    • 0000048388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary social psychology
    • Gilbert D.T., Fiske S.T., and Lindzey G. (Eds), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
    • Buss D.M., and Kenrick D.T. Evolutionary social psychology. In: Gilbert D.T., Fiske S.T., and Lindzey G. (Eds). The handbook of social psychology 2 (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 982-1026
    • (1998) The handbook of social psychology , vol.2 , pp. 982-1026
    • Buss, D.M.1    Kenrick, D.T.2
  • 38
    • 0344507501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
    • Carter C.S. Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23 (1998) 779-818
    • (1998) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.23 , pp. 779-818
    • Carter, C.S.1
  • 41
    • 56949084601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion
    • Lewis M., Haviland-Jones J.M., and Barrett L.F. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Clore G.L., and Ortony A. Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion. In: Lewis M., Haviland-Jones J.M., and Barrett L.F. (Eds). Handbook of emotions. 3rd ed. (2008), Guilford Press, New York, NY 628-642
    • (2008) Handbook of emotions. 3rd ed. , pp. 628-642
    • Clore, G.L.1    Ortony, A.2
  • 42
    • 33845666686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat
    • Coan J.A., Schaefer H.S., and Davidson R.J. Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science 17 (2006) 1032-1039
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 1032-1039
    • Coan, J.A.1    Schaefer, H.S.2    Davidson, R.J.3
  • 43
    • 45549089286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies
    • Costafreda S.G., Brammer M.J., David A.S., and Fu C.H. Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies. Brain Research Review 58 (2008) 57-70
    • (2008) Brain Research Review , vol.58 , pp. 57-70
    • Costafreda, S.G.1    Brammer, M.J.2    David, A.S.3    Fu, C.H.4
  • 44
    • 3542990910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributing emotion to static body postures: Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence
    • Coulson M. Attributing emotion to static body postures: Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 28 (2004) 117-139
    • (2004) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 117-139
    • Coulson, M.1
  • 45
    • 0004236481 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
    • Cronin H. The ant and the peacock (1991), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
    • (1991) The ant and the peacock
    • Cronin, H.1
  • 50
  • 54
    • 85043740534 scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach
    • Davis M.H. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44 (1983) 113-126
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 113-126
    • Davis, M.H.1
  • 55
    • 47349084096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who caused the pain? An fMRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children
    • Decety J., Michalska K.J., and Akitsuki Y. Who caused the pain? An fMRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children. Neuropsychologia 46 (2008) 2607-2614
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 2607-2614
    • Decety, J.1    Michalska, K.J.2    Akitsuki, Y.3
  • 56
    • 77953160858 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical perspectives on emotions in early Buddhism
    • Marks J., and Ames R.T. (Eds), State University of New York Press, Albany
    • de Silva P. Theoretical perspectives on emotions in early Buddhism. In: Marks J., and Ames R.T. (Eds). Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy (1995), State University of New York Press, Albany 109-122
    • (1995) Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy , pp. 109-122
    • de Silva, P.1
  • 58
    • 39049162962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner?
    • Eastwick P.W., and Finkel E.J. Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94 (2008) 245-264
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 245-264
    • Eastwick, P.W.1    Finkel, E.J.2
  • 63
    • 33845800369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations of children's dispositional empathy-related responding to their emotionality, regulation, and social functioning
    • Eisenberg N., Fabes R.A., Murphy B., Karbon M., Smith M., and Maszk P. The relations of children's dispositional empathy-related responding to their emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Developmental Psychology 32 (1996) 195-209
    • (1996) Developmental Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 195-209
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Fabes, R.A.2    Murphy, B.3    Karbon, M.4    Smith, M.5    Maszk, P.6
  • 64
    • 0026265157 scopus 로고
    • The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children's vicarious emotional responding
    • Eisenberg N., Fabes R.A., Schaller M., Carlo G., and Miller P.A. The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children's vicarious emotional responding. Child Development 62 (1991) 1393-1408
    • (1991) Child Development , vol.62 , pp. 1393-1408
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Fabes, R.A.2    Schaller, M.3    Carlo, G.4    Miller, P.A.5
  • 67
    • 0000727738 scopus 로고
    • Vicarious emotional responsiveness and prosocial behavior: Their interrelations in young children
    • Eisenberg N., McCreath H., and Ahn R. Vicarious emotional responsiveness and prosocial behavior: Their interrelations in young children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 14 (1988) 298-311
    • (1988) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.14 , pp. 298-311
    • Eisenberg, N.1    McCreath, H.2    Ahn, R.3
  • 69
    • 0023068773 scopus 로고
    • The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors
    • Eisenberg N., and Miller P.A. The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin 101 (1987) 91-119
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 91-119
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Miller, P.A.2
  • 71
    • 0035290227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazilian adolescents' prosocial moral judgment and behavior: Relations to sympathy, perspective-taking, gender-role orientation, and demographic characteristics
    • Eisenberg N., Zhou Q., and Koller S. Brazilian adolescents' prosocial moral judgment and behavior: Relations to sympathy, perspective-taking, gender-role orientation, and demographic characteristics. Child Development 72 (2001) 518-534
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 518-534
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Zhou, Q.2    Koller, S.3
  • 72
    • 84889960454 scopus 로고
    • An argument for basic emotions
    • Ekman P. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion 6 (1992) 169-200
    • (1992) Cognition & Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 169-200
    • Ekman, P.1
  • 73
    • 0002679874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic emotions
    • Dalgleish T., and Power M.J. (Eds), Wiley, Cambridge, England
    • Ekman P. Basic emotions. In: Dalgleish T., and Power M.J. (Eds). Handbook of cognition and emotion (1999), Wiley, Cambridge, England 45-60
    • (1999) Handbook of cognition and emotion , pp. 45-60
    • Ekman, P.1
  • 77
    • 0020518550 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions
    • Ekman P., Levenson R.W., and Friesen W.V. Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science 221 (1983, September 16) 1208-1210
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 1208-1210
    • Ekman, P.1    Levenson, R.W.2    Friesen, W.V.3
  • 78
    • 0038742793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal processes in emotion
    • Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England
    • Ellsworth P.C., and Scherer K.R. Appraisal processes in emotion. In: Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England 572-595
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 572-595
    • Ellsworth, P.C.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 79
    • 0001462291 scopus 로고
    • From appraisal to emotion: Differences among unpleasant feelings
    • Ellsworth P.C., and Smith C.A. From appraisal to emotion: Differences among unpleasant feelings. Motivation and Emotion 12 (1988) 271-302
    • (1988) Motivation and Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 271-302
    • Ellsworth, P.C.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 80
    • 84948488437 scopus 로고
    • Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating pleasant emotions
    • Ellsworth P.C., and Smith C.A. Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating pleasant emotions. Cognition & Emotion 2 (1988) 301-331
    • (1988) Cognition & Emotion , vol.2 , pp. 301-331
    • Ellsworth, P.C.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 81
    • 21144470951 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and physiological correlates of children's reactions to others in distress
    • Fabes R.A., Eisenberg N., and Eisenbud L. Behavioral and physiological correlates of children's reactions to others in distress. Developmental Psychology 29 (1993) 655-663
    • (1993) Developmental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 655-663
    • Fabes, R.A.1    Eisenberg, N.2    Eisenbud, L.3
  • 82
    • 0028721972 scopus 로고
    • The relations of children's emotion regulation to their vicarious emotional responses and comforting behaviors
    • Fabes R.A., Eisenberg N., Karbon M., Troyer D., and Switzer G. The relations of children's emotion regulation to their vicarious emotional responses and comforting behaviors. Child Development 65 (1994) 1678-1693
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 1678-1693
    • Fabes, R.A.1    Eisenberg, N.2    Karbon, M.3    Troyer, D.4    Switzer, G.5
  • 83
    • 34547654120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deservingness and emotions: Applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes
    • Feather N.T. Deservingness and emotions: Applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes. European Review of Social Psychology 17 (2006) 38-73
    • (2006) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 38-73
    • Feather, N.T.1
  • 87
    • 33846691536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence
    • Fiske S.T., Cuddy A.J., and Glick P. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (2006) 77-83
    • (2006) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.11 , pp. 77-83
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Cuddy, A.J.2    Glick, P.3
  • 88
    • 85036165718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition
    • Fiske S.T., Cuddy A.J., Glick P., and Xu J. A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 878-902
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 878-902
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Cuddy, A.J.2    Glick, P.3    Xu, J.4
  • 89
    • 0033005713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal care and the development of stress responses
    • Francis D., and Meaney M.J. Maternal care and the development of stress responses. Development 9 (1999) 128-134
    • (1999) Development , vol.9 , pp. 128-134
    • Francis, D.1    Meaney, M.J.2
  • 91
    • 56349159522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources
    • Fredrickson B.L., Cohn M.A., Coffey K.A., Pek J., and Finkel S.M. Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95 (2008) 1045-1062
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 1045-1062
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Cohn, M.A.2    Coffey, K.A.3    Pek, J.4    Finkel, S.M.5
  • 93
    • 0013114822 scopus 로고
    • Empathy, sadness, and distress: Three related but distinct vicarious affective responses to another's suffering
    • Fultz J., Schaller M., and Cialdini R.B. Empathy, sadness, and distress: Three related but distinct vicarious affective responses to another's suffering. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 14 (1988) 312-325
    • (1988) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.14 , pp. 312-325
    • Fultz, J.1    Schaller, M.2    Cialdini, R.B.3
  • 94
    • 0034699562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong reciprocity and human sociality
    • Gintis H. Strong reciprocity and human sociality. Journal of Theoretical Biology 206 (2000) 169-179
    • (2000) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.206 , pp. 169-179
    • Gintis, H.1
  • 95
    • 0037458337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hitchhiker's guide to altruism: Gene-culture coevolution and the internalization of norms
    • Gintis H. The hitchhiker's guide to altruism: Gene-culture coevolution and the internalization of norms. Journal of Theoretical Biology 220 (2003) 407-418
    • (2003) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.220 , pp. 407-418
    • Gintis, H.1
  • 96
    • 22044442846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural bases of amusement and sadness: A comparison of block contrast and subject-specific emotion intensity regression approaches
    • Goldin P.R., Hutcherson C.A., Ochsner K.N., Glover G.H., Gabrieli J.D., and Gross J.J. The neural bases of amusement and sadness: A comparison of block contrast and subject-specific emotion intensity regression approaches. NeuroImage 27 (2005) 26-36
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.27 , pp. 26-36
    • Goldin, P.R.1    Hutcherson, C.A.2    Ochsner, K.N.3    Glover, G.H.4    Gabrieli, J.D.5    Gross, J.J.6
  • 99
    • 0000039816 scopus 로고
    • The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement
    • Gouldner A.W. The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review 25 (1960) 161-178
    • (1960) American Sociological Review , vol.25 , pp. 161-178
    • Gouldner, A.W.1
  • 100
    • 0036897281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How (and where) does moral judgment work?
    • Greene J., and Haidt J. How (and where) does moral judgment work?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 (2002) 517-523
    • (2002) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.6 , pp. 517-523
    • Greene, J.1    Haidt, J.2
  • 102
    • 0042069866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whom would you rather help: An acquaintance not responsible for her plight or a responsible sibling?
    • Greitemeyer T., Rudolph U., and Weiner B. Whom would you rather help: An acquaintance not responsible for her plight or a responsible sibling?. Journal of Social Psychology 143 (2003) 331-340
    • (2003) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.143 , pp. 331-340
    • Greitemeyer, T.1    Rudolph, U.2    Weiner, B.3
  • 103
    • 0001376349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review
    • Gross J.J. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology 2 (1998) 271-299
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 271-299
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 104
    • 58249110724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings
    • Grühn D., Rebucal K., Diehl M., Lumley M., and Labouvie-Vief G. Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings. Emotion 8 (2008) 753-765
    • (2008) Emotion , vol.8 , pp. 753-765
    • Grühn, D.1    Rebucal, K.2    Diehl, M.3    Lumley, M.4    Labouvie-Vief, G.5
  • 107
    • 0042241850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moral emotions
    • Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Haidt J. The moral emotions. In: Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 852-870
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 852-870
    • Haidt, J.1
  • 108
    • 34248997229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new synthesis in moral psychology
    • Haidt J. The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science 316 (2007, May 18) 998-1002
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 998-1002
    • Haidt, J.1
  • 109
    • 0001265997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and facial expression: Open-ended methods find more expression and a gradient of recognition
    • Haidt J., and Keltner D. Culture and facial expression: Open-ended methods find more expression and a gradient of recognition. Cognition & Emotion 13 (1999) 225-266
    • (1999) Cognition & Emotion , vol.13 , pp. 225-266
    • Haidt, J.1    Keltner, D.2
  • 111
    • 33646251593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of personal relevance and approach-related action expectation on relative left frontal cortical activity
    • Harmon-Jones E., Lueck L., Fearn M., and Harmon-Jones C. The effect of personal relevance and approach-related action expectation on relative left frontal cortical activity. Psychological Science 17 (2006) 434-440
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 434-440
    • Harmon-Jones, E.1    Lueck, L.2    Fearn, M.3    Harmon-Jones, C.4
  • 114
    • 0347043608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes, and large-scale cooperation
    • Henrich J. Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes, and large-scale cooperation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 53 (2004) 5-35
    • (2004) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization , vol.53 , pp. 5-35
    • Henrich, J.1
  • 115
  • 117
    • 0036036681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Touch: Its communicative functions in infancy
    • Hertenstein M.J. Touch: Its communicative functions in infancy. Human Development 45 (2002) 70-94
    • (2002) Human Development , vol.45 , pp. 70-94
    • Hertenstein, M.J.1
  • 120
    • 0001560226 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of affect and cognition on empathy
    • Izard C.E., Kagan J., and Zajonc R.B. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Hoffman M.L. Interaction of affect and cognition on empathy. In: Izard C.E., Kagan J., and Zajonc R.B. (Eds). Emotions, cognition, and behavior (1984), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 103-131
    • (1984) Emotions, cognition, and behavior , pp. 103-131
    • Hoffman, M.L.1
  • 121
    • 84917143671 scopus 로고
    • Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure
    • Hoshchild A. Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology 85 (1979) 551-575
    • (1979) American Journal of Sociology , vol.85 , pp. 551-575
    • Hoshchild, A.1
  • 124
    • 0004018397 scopus 로고
    • Plenum Press, New York, NY
    • Izard C.E. Human emotions (1977), Plenum Press, New York, NY
    • (1977) Human emotions
    • Izard, C.E.1
  • 125
    • 4944243147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autonomic nervous system and its coordination by the brain
    • Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Janig W. The autonomic nervous system and its coordination by the brain. In: Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 135-186
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 135-186
    • Janig, W.1
  • 127
    • 0002317729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective happiness
    • Kahneman D., Diener E., and Schwarz N. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
    • Kahneman D. Objective happiness. In: Kahneman D., Diener E., and Schwarz N. (Eds). Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology (1999), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 3-27
    • (1999) Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology , pp. 3-27
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 128
    • 0003520282 scopus 로고
    • J. T. Goldthwait, Trans, Berkeley: University of California Press, Original work published 1764
    • Kant, I. (1960). Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime (J. T. Goldthwait, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1764)
    • (1960) Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and the sublime
    • Kant, I.1
  • 129
    • 21844509960 scopus 로고
    • Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame
    • Keltner D. Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 441-454
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 441-454
    • Keltner, D.1
  • 131
    • 0000059604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the distinctness of embarrassment, shame, and guilt: A study of recalled antecedents and facial expressions of emotion
    • Keltner D., and Buswell B.N. Evidence for the distinctness of embarrassment, shame, and guilt: A study of recalled antecedents and facial expressions of emotion. Cognition & Emotion 10 (1996) 155-172
    • (1996) Cognition & Emotion , vol.10 , pp. 155-172
    • Keltner, D.1    Buswell, B.N.2
  • 132
    • 0031279085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions
    • Keltner D., and Buswell B.N. Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin 122 (1997) 250-270
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.122 , pp. 250-270
    • Keltner, D.1    Buswell, B.N.2
  • 133
    • 0000134392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional accounts of emotion
    • Keltner D., and Gross J.J. Functional accounts of emotion. Cognition & Emotion 13 (1999) 467-480
    • (1999) Cognition & Emotion , vol.13 , pp. 467-480
    • Keltner, D.1    Gross, J.J.2
  • 134
    • 0003316602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social functions of emotions
    • Mayne T., and Bonanno G. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Keltner D., and Haidt J. Social functions of emotions. In: Mayne T., and Bonanno G. (Eds). Emotions: Current issues and future directions (2001), Guilford Press, New York, NY 192-213
    • (2001) Emotions: Current issues and future directions , pp. 192-213
    • Keltner, D.1    Haidt, J.2
  • 135
    • 84918937706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social functionalism and the evolution of emotions
    • Schaller M., Simpson J.A., and Kenrick D.T. (Eds), Psychology Press, New York, NY
    • Keltner D., Haidt J., and Shiota M.N. Social functionalism and the evolution of emotions. In: Schaller M., Simpson J.A., and Kenrick D.T. (Eds). Evolution and social psychology (2006), Psychology Press, New York, NY 115-142
    • (2006) Evolution and social psychology , pp. 115-142
    • Keltner, D.1    Haidt, J.2    Shiota, M.N.3
  • 136
    • 0001924255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion, social function, and psychopathology
    • Keltner D., and Kring A.M. Emotion, social function, and psychopathology. Review of General Psychology 2 (1998) 320-342
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 320-342
    • Keltner, D.1    Kring, A.M.2
  • 138
    • 67349256834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassionate attitude towards others' suffering activates the mesolimbic neural system
    • Kim J.W., Kim S.-E., Kim J.-J., Jeong B., Park C.-H., Son A.R., and Ki S.W. Compassionate attitude towards others' suffering activates the mesolimbic neural system. Neuropsychologia 47 (2009) 2073-2081
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia , vol.47 , pp. 2073-2081
    • Kim, J.W.1    Kim, S.-E.2    Kim, J.-J.3    Jeong, B.4    Park, C.-H.5    Son, A.R.6    Ki, S.W.7
  • 139
    • 33745614169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practices of guanxi production and practices of ganqing avoidance
    • Gold T., Guthrie D., and Wank D. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
    • Kipnis A. Practices of guanxi production and practices of ganqing avoidance. In: Gold T., Guthrie D., and Wank D. (Eds). Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi (2002), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 21-34
    • (2002) Social connections in China: Institutions, culture, and the changing nature of guanxi , pp. 21-34
    • Kipnis, A.1
  • 140
    • 0000285654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pursuit of happiness and the realization of sympathy: Cultural patterns of self, social relations, and well-being
    • Diener E., and Suh E. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Kitayama S., and Markus H.R. The pursuit of happiness and the realization of sympathy: Cultural patterns of self, social relations, and well-being. In: Diener E., and Suh E. (Eds). Subjective well-being across cultures (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 113-161
    • (2000) Subjective well-being across cultures , pp. 113-161
    • Kitayama, S.1    Markus, H.R.2
  • 142
    • 0035350273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional closeness as a mediator of the effect of genetic relatedness on altruism
    • Korchmaros J.D., and Kenny D.A. Emotional closeness as a mediator of the effect of genetic relatedness on altruism. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 262-265
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 262-265
    • Korchmaros, J.D.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 143
    • 0035643930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social psychophysics of cooperation: Nonverbal communication in a public goods game
    • Kurzban R. The social psychophysics of cooperation: Nonverbal communication in a public goods game. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 25 (2001) 241-259
    • (2001) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.25 , pp. 241-259
    • Kurzban, R.1
  • 144
    • 0026195942 scopus 로고
    • Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states
    • Larsen R.J., and Ketelaar T. Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 132-140
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 132-140
    • Larsen, R.J.1    Ketelaar, T.2
  • 145
  • 147
    • 35348858152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amygdala
    • LeDoux J. The amygdala. Current Biology 17 (2007) 868-874
    • (2007) Current Biology , vol.17 , pp. 868-874
    • LeDoux, J.1
  • 148
    • 0032219992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sober second thoughts: The effects of accountability, anger, and authoritarianism on attributions of responsibility
    • Lerner J.S., Goldberg J.H., and Tetlock P.E. Sober second thoughts: The effects of accountability, anger, and authoritarianism on attributions of responsibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 (1998) 563-574
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 563-574
    • Lerner, J.S.1    Goldberg, J.H.2    Tetlock, P.E.3
  • 149
    • 84973200847 scopus 로고
    • Some determinants of conflict avoidance
    • Leung K. Some determinants of conflict avoidance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 19 (1988) 125-136
    • (1988) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 125-136
    • Leung, K.1
  • 150
    • 84965427190 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions
    • Levenson R.W. Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science 3 (1992) 23-27
    • (1992) Psychological Science , vol.3 , pp. 23-27
    • Levenson, R.W.1
  • 151
    • 1342274240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic specificity and emotion
    • Davidson R.J., and Scherer K.R. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Levenson R.W. Autonomic specificity and emotion. In: Davidson R.J., and Scherer K.R. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 212-224
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 212-224
    • Levenson, R.W.1
  • 152
    • 0025054524 scopus 로고
    • Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific nervous system activity
    • Levenson R.W., Ekman P., and Friesen W.V. Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific nervous system activity. Psychophysiology 27 (1990) 363-384
    • (1990) Psychophysiology , vol.27 , pp. 363-384
    • Levenson, R.W.1    Ekman, P.2    Friesen, W.V.3
  • 155
    • 67249109678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial expressions of emotion
    • Lewis M., Haviland-Jones J.M., and Barrett L.F. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Matsumoto D., Keltner D., Shiota M.N., O'Sullivan M., and Frank M. Facial expressions of emotion. In: Lewis M., Haviland-Jones J.M., and Barrett L.F. (Eds). Handbook of emotions. 3rd ed. (2008), Guilford Press, New York, NY 211-234
    • (2008) Handbook of emotions. 3rd ed. , pp. 211-234
    • Matsumoto, D.1    Keltner, D.2    Shiota, M.N.3    O'Sullivan, M.4    Frank, M.5
  • 158
    • 4344650554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena
    • Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Mesquita B. Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena. In: Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 871-890
    • (2003) Handbook of affective sciences , pp. 871-890
    • Mesquita, B.1
  • 159
    • 0026920681 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variations in emotions: A review
    • Mesquita B., and Frijda N.H. Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychological Bulletin 112 (1992) 179-204
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 179-204
    • Mesquita, B.1    Frijda, N.H.2
  • 160
    • 85047684696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment theory and reactions to others' needs: Evidence that activation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses
    • Mikulincer M., Gillath O., Halevy V., Avihou N., Avidan S., and Eshkoli N. Attachment theory and reactions to others' needs: Evidence that activation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 1205-1224
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 1205-1224
    • Mikulincer, M.1    Gillath, O.2    Halevy, V.3    Avihou, N.4    Avidan, S.5    Eshkoli, N.6
  • 161
    • 36148940291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes
    • Zanna M.P. (Ed), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Mikulincer M., and Shaver P.R. The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 35 (2003), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 53-152
    • (2003) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.35 , pp. 53-152
    • Mikulincer, M.1    Shaver, P.R.2
  • 163
    • 34249788144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection for moral virtues
    • Miller G.F. Sexual selection for moral virtues. Quarterly Review of Biology 82 (2007) 97-125
    • (2007) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.82 , pp. 97-125
    • Miller, G.F.1
  • 164
    • 21844519234 scopus 로고
    • Cultural influences on the moral status of reciprocity and the discounting of endogenous motivation
    • Miller J.G., and Bersoff D.M. Cultural influences on the moral status of reciprocity and the discounting of endogenous motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20 (1994) 592-602
    • (1994) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 592-602
    • Miller, J.G.1    Bersoff, D.M.2
  • 165
    • 28244488227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General and specific contributions of the medial prefrontal cortex to knowledge about mental states
    • Mitchell J.P., Banaji M.R., and Macrae C.N. General and specific contributions of the medial prefrontal cortex to knowledge about mental states. NeuroImage 28 (2005) 757-762
    • (2005) NeuroImage , vol.28 , pp. 757-762
    • Mitchell, J.P.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Macrae, C.N.3
  • 166
    • 34248548629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits
    • Neff K.D., Rude S.S., and Kirkpatrick K. An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality 41 (2007) 908-916
    • (2007) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.41 , pp. 908-916
    • Neff, K.D.1    Rude, S.S.2    Kirkpatrick, K.3
  • 167
    • 84942935837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassionate love in early marriage
    • Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA
    • Neff L.A., and Karney B.R. Compassionate love in early marriage. In: Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds). The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (2009), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA 201-222
    • (2009) The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications , pp. 201-222
    • Neff, L.A.1    Karney, B.R.2
  • 168
    • 51249174923 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary explanations of emotions
    • Nesse R.M. Evolutionary explanations of emotions. Human Nature 1 (1990) 261-289
    • (1990) Human Nature , vol.1 , pp. 261-289
    • Nesse, R.M.1
  • 169
    • 85131759427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runaway social selection for displays of partner value and altruism
    • Nesse R.M. Runaway social selection for displays of partner value and altruism. Biological Theory 2 (2007) 143-155
    • (2007) Biological Theory , vol.2 , pp. 143-155
    • Nesse, R.M.1
  • 170
    • 61349193139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution, emotions, and emotional disorders
    • Nesse R.M., and Ellsworth P.C. Evolution, emotions, and emotional disorders. American Psychologist 64 (2009) 129-139
    • (2009) American Psychologist , vol.64 , pp. 129-139
    • Nesse, R.M.1    Ellsworth, P.C.2
  • 171
    • 85047693779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood is thicker than water: Kinship orientation across adulthood
    • Neyer F.J., and Lang F.R. Blood is thicker than water: Kinship orientation across adulthood. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 84 (2003) 310-321
    • (2003) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 310-321
    • Neyer, F.J.1    Lang, F.R.2
  • 172
    • 1242316324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants
    • Nitschke J.B., Nelson E.E., Rusch B.D., Fox A.S., Oakes T.R., and Davidson R.J. Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants. NeuroImage 21 (2004) 583-592
    • (2004) NeuroImage , vol.21 , pp. 583-592
    • Nitschke, J.B.1    Nelson, E.E.2    Rusch, B.D.3    Fox, A.S.4    Oakes, T.R.5    Davidson, R.J.6
  • 173
    • 38549096595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional neuroanatomy of maternal love: Mother's response to infant's attachment behaviors
    • Noriuchi M., Kikuchi Y., and Senoo A. The functional neuroanatomy of maternal love: Mother's response to infant's attachment behaviors. Biological Psychiatry 63 (2008) 415-423
    • (2008) Biological Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 415-423
    • Noriuchi, M.1    Kikuchi, Y.2    Senoo, A.3
  • 174
    • 0002830983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion: The basic social emotion
    • Nussbaum M.C. Compassion: The basic social emotion. Social Philosophy and Policy 13 (1996) 27-58
    • (1996) Social Philosophy and Policy , vol.13 , pp. 27-58
    • Nussbaum, M.C.1
  • 177
    • 5644298301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion
    • Ochsner K.N., Ray R.D., Cooper J.C., Robertson E.R., Chopra S., Gabrieli J.D., and Gross J.J. For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. NeuroImage 23 (2004) 483-499
    • (2004) NeuroImage , vol.23 , pp. 483-499
    • Ochsner, K.N.1    Ray, R.D.2    Cooper, J.C.3    Robertson, E.R.4    Chopra, S.5    Gabrieli, J.D.6    Gross, J.J.7
  • 178
    • 34548704331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline vagal tone predicts BOLD response during elicitation of grief
    • O'Connor M.F., Gundel H., McRae K., and Lane R.D. Baseline vagal tone predicts BOLD response during elicitation of grief. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 (2007) 2184-2189
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 2184-2189
    • O'Connor, M.F.1    Gundel, H.2    McRae, K.3    Lane, R.D.4
  • 179
    • 70349514289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassionate acts: Motivations for and correlates of volunteerism among older adults
    • Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA
    • Omoto A.M., Malsch A.M., and Barraza J.A. Compassionate acts: Motivations for and correlates of volunteerism among older adults. In: Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds). The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (2009), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA 257-282
    • (2009) The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications , pp. 257-282
    • Omoto, A.M.1    Malsch, A.M.2    Barraza, J.A.3
  • 181
    • 77953174423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic markers in compassion
    • Unpublished manuscript
    • Oveis, C., Horberg, E. J., & Keltner, D. (2009). Somatic markers in compassion. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2009)
    • Oveis, C.1    Horberg, E.J.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 183
  • 184
    • 27744467876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of biological motion perception in posterior temporal cortex: An FMRI study of eye, mouth and hand movements
    • Pelphrey K.A., Morris J.P., Michelich C.R., Allison T., and McCarthy G. Functional anatomy of biological motion perception in posterior temporal cortex: An FMRI study of eye, mouth and hand movements. Cerebral Cortex 15 (2005) 1866-1876
    • (2005) Cerebral Cortex , vol.15 , pp. 1866-1876
    • Pelphrey, K.A.1    Morris, J.P.2    Michelich, C.R.3    Allison, T.4    McCarthy, G.5
  • 185
    • 26944446159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior
    • Phelps E.A., and LeDoux J.E. Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior. Neuron 48 (2005) 175-187
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.48 , pp. 175-187
    • Phelps, E.A.1    LeDoux, J.E.2
  • 186
    • 0029008553 scopus 로고
    • Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory
    • Porges S.W. Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory. Psychophysiology 32 (1995) 301-318
    • (1995) Psychophysiology , vol.32 , pp. 301-318
    • Porges, S.W.1
  • 187
    • 0034813772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system
    • Porges S.W. The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology 42 (2001) 123-146
    • (2001) International Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.42 , pp. 123-146
    • Porges, S.W.1
  • 188
    • 2442602589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tradition of agape
    • Post S.G., Underwood L.G., Schloss J.P., and Hurlbut W.B. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Post S.G. The tradition of agape. In: Post S.G., Underwood L.G., Schloss J.P., and Hurlbut W.B. (Eds). Altruism and altruistic love: Science, philosophy, and religion in dialogue (2002), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 51-64
    • (2002) Altruism and altruistic love: Science, philosophy, and religion in dialogue , pp. 51-64
    • Post, S.G.1
  • 189
    • 78649800519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness
    • Mashek D., and Aron A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Reis H., Clark M.S., and Holmes J. Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In: Mashek D., and Aron A. (Eds). The handbook of closeness and intimacy (2004), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 201-225
    • (2004) The handbook of closeness and intimacy , pp. 201-225
    • Reis, H.1    Clark, M.S.2    Holmes, J.3
  • 190
    • 0035354481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice and utility in the classroom: An attributional analysis of the goals of teachers' punishment and intervention strategies
    • Reyna C., and Weiner B. Justice and utility in the classroom: An attributional analysis of the goals of teachers' punishment and intervention strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology 93 (2001) 309-319
    • (2001) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 309-319
    • Reyna, C.1    Weiner, B.2
  • 192
    • 0034017604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orbitofrontal cortext and reward
    • Rolls E.T. The orbitofrontal cortext and reward. Cerebral Cortex 10 (2000) 284-294
    • (2000) Cerebral Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 284-294
    • Rolls, E.T.1
  • 194
    • 0001043234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of analysis and the organization of affect
    • Rosenberg E.L. Levels of analysis and the organization of affect. Review of General Psychology 2 (1998) 247-270
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 247-270
    • Rosenberg, E.L.1
  • 195
    • 0002123575 scopus 로고
    • Disgust
    • Lewis M., and Haviland J. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Rozin P., Haidt J., and McCauley C.R. Disgust. In: Lewis M., and Haviland J. (Eds). Handbook of emotions (1993), Guilford Press, New York, NY 575-594
    • (1993) Handbook of emotions , pp. 575-594
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.R.3
  • 196
    • 0033111964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CAD triad hypothesis: A mapping between three moral emotions (contempt, anger, disgust) and three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity)
    • Rozin P., Lowery L., Imada S., and Haidt J. The CAD triad hypothesis: A mapping between three moral emotions (contempt, anger, disgust) and three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 (1999) 574-586
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 574-586
    • Rozin, P.1    Lowery, L.2    Imada, S.3    Haidt, J.4
  • 197
    • 4544354371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic review of help giving and aggression from an attributional perspective: Contributions to a general theory of motivation
    • Rudolph U., Roesch S.C., Greitemeyer T., and Weiner B. A meta-analytic review of help giving and aggression from an attributional perspective: Contributions to a general theory of motivation. Cognition & Emotion 18 (2004) 815-848
    • (2004) Cognition & Emotion , vol.18 , pp. 815-848
    • Rudolph, U.1    Roesch, S.C.2    Greitemeyer, T.3    Weiner, B.4
  • 198
    • 85009391455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion
    • Russell J.A. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review 110 (2003) 145-172
    • (2003) Psychological Review , vol.110 , pp. 145-172
    • Russell, J.A.1
  • 199
    • 21244461827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sense of another mind: The role of the right temporo-parietal junction
    • Saxe R., and Wexler A. Making sense of another mind: The role of the right temporo-parietal junction. Neuropsychologia 43 (2005) 1391-1399
    • (2005) Neuropsychologia , vol.43 , pp. 1391-1399
    • Saxe, R.1    Wexler, A.2
  • 202
    • 0035635380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective
    • Schwartz S.H., and Bardi A. Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (2001) 268-290
    • (2001) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 268-290
    • Schwartz, S.H.1    Bardi, A.2
  • 203
    • 0001101197 scopus 로고
    • Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states
    • Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Schwarz N. Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In: Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition 2 (1990), Guilford Press, New York, NY 527-561
    • (1990) Handbook of motivation and cognition , vol.2 , pp. 527-561
    • Schwarz, N.1
  • 206
    • 0001403157 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotion and its representation
    • Clark M.S. (Ed), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
    • Shaver P.R., Wu S., and Schwartz J.C. Cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotion and its representation. In: Clark M.S. (Ed). Review of personality and social psychology: Vol. 13. Emotion (1992), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 175-212
    • (1992) Review of personality and social psychology: Vol. 13. Emotion , pp. 175-212
    • Shaver, P.R.1    Wu, S.2    Schwartz, J.C.3
  • 207
    • 85009553335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style
    • Shiota M.N., Keltner D., and John O.P. Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style. Journal of Positive Psychology 1 (2006) 61-71
    • (2006) Journal of Positive Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 61-71
    • Shiota, M.N.1    Keltner, D.2    John, O.P.3
  • 208
    • 85071667043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "big three" of morality (autonomy, community, divinity) and the "big three" explanations of suffering
    • Brandt A., and Rozin P. (Eds), Routledge, New York, NY
    • Shweder R.A., Much N.C., Mahapatra M., and Park L. The "big three" of morality (autonomy, community, divinity) and the "big three" explanations of suffering. In: Brandt A., and Rozin P. (Eds). Morality and health (1997), Routledge, New York, NY 119-169
    • (1997) Morality and health , pp. 119-169
    • Shweder, R.A.1    Much, N.C.2    Mahapatra, M.3    Park, L.4
  • 210
  • 212
    • 18844368569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in a Chinese context
    • Siu A.M.H., and Shek D.T.L. Validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in a Chinese context. Research on Social Work Practice 15 (2005) 118-126
    • (2005) Research on Social Work Practice , vol.15 , pp. 118-126
    • Siu, A.M.H.1    Shek, D.T.L.2
  • 213
    • 85091544830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expressions of interest: Friendship and guanxi in Chinese societies
    • Bell S., and Coleman S. (Eds), Berg, New York, NY
    • Smart A. Expressions of interest: Friendship and guanxi in Chinese societies. In: Bell S., and Coleman S. (Eds). The anthropology of friendship (1999), Berg, New York, NY 119-136
    • (1999) The anthropology of friendship , pp. 119-136
    • Smart, A.1
  • 215
    • 84955353083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loving and caring in the United States: Trends and correlates of empathy, altruism, and related constructs
    • Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA
    • Smith T.W. Loving and caring in the United States: Trends and correlates of empathy, altruism, and related constructs. In: Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds). The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (2009), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA 81-120
    • (2009) The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications , pp. 81-120
    • Smith, T.W.1
  • 218
    • 0028137722 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac vagal tone and sustained attention in school-age children
    • Suess P.A., Porges S.W., and Plude D.J. Cardiac vagal tone and sustained attention in school-age children. Psychophysiology 31 (1994) 17-22
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 17-22
    • Suess, P.A.1    Porges, S.W.2    Plude, D.J.3
  • 220
    • 0001861847 scopus 로고
    • Affect theory
    • Scherer K., and Ekman P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Tomkins S.S. Affect theory. In: Scherer K., and Ekman P. (Eds). Approaches to emotion (1984), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 163-196
    • (1984) Approaches to emotion , pp. 163-196
    • Tomkins, S.S.1
  • 221
    • 38149139362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prototypical pride expression: Development of a nonverbal behavioral coding system
    • Tracy J.L., and Robins R.W. The prototypical pride expression: Development of a nonverbal behavioral coding system. Emotion 7 (2007) 789-801
    • (2007) Emotion , vol.7 , pp. 789-801
    • Tracy, J.L.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 222
    • 0002414229 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of reciprocal altruism
    • Trivers R.L. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46 (1971) 35-57
    • (1971) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.46 , pp. 35-57
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 225
    • 84993804653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideal affect: Cultural causes and behavioral consequences
    • Tsai J.L. Ideal affect: Cultural causes and behavioral consequences. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2 (2007) 242-259
    • (2007) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.2 , pp. 242-259
    • Tsai, J.L.1
  • 227
    • 0035496120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a sympathy scale
    • Uchida Y., and Kitayama S. Development and validation of a sympathy scale. Japanese Journal of Psychology 74 (2001) 275-282
    • (2001) Japanese Journal of Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 275-282
    • Uchida, Y.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 228
    • 25144502703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human experience of compassionate love: Conceptual mapping and data from selected studies
    • Post S.G., Underwood L.G., Schloss J.P., and Hurlbut W.B. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • Underwood L.G. The human experience of compassionate love: Conceptual mapping and data from selected studies. In: Post S.G., Underwood L.G., Schloss J.P., and Hurlbut W.B. (Eds). Altruism and altruistic love: Science, philosophy, and religion in dialogue (2002), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 72-88
    • (2002) Altruism and altruistic love: Science, philosophy, and religion in dialogue , pp. 72-88
    • Underwood, L.G.1
  • 229
    • 84955346509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassionate love: A framework for research
    • Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, England
    • Underwood L.G. Compassionate love: A framework for research. In: Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds). The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (2009), Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, England 3-25
    • (2009) The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications , pp. 3-25
    • Underwood, L.G.1
  • 231
    • 23044521576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural variation and similarity in moral rhetorics: Voices from the Philippines and the United States
    • Vasquez K., Keltner D., Ebenbach D.H., and Banaszynski T.L. Cultural variation and similarity in moral rhetorics: Voices from the Philippines and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (2001) 93-120
    • (2001) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 93-120
    • Vasquez, K.1    Keltner, D.2    Ebenbach, D.H.3    Banaszynski, T.L.4
  • 232
    • 84955393414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy and compassionate love in early childhood: Development and family influence
    • Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA
    • Volling B.L., Kolak A.M., and Kennedy D.E. Empathy and compassionate love in early childhood: Development and family influence. In: Fehr B., Sprecher S., and Underwood L.G. (Eds). The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (2009), Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA 161-200
    • (2009) The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications , pp. 161-200
    • Volling, B.L.1    Kolak, A.M.2    Kennedy, D.E.3
  • 234
    • 33644664285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees
    • Warneken F., and Tomasello M. Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees. Science 311 (2006, March 3) 1301-1303
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1301-1303
    • Warneken, F.1    Tomasello, M.2
  • 235
    • 0022115623 scopus 로고
    • Toward a consensual structure of mood
    • Watson D., and Tellegen A. Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin 98 (1985) 219-235
    • (1985) Psychological Bulletin , vol.98 , pp. 219-235
    • Watson, D.1    Tellegen, A.2
  • 236
    • 0022134688 scopus 로고
    • An attributional theory of achievement-related motivation and emotion
    • Weiner B. An attributional theory of achievement-related motivation and emotion. Psychological Review 29 (1985) 548-573
    • (1985) Psychological Review , vol.29 , pp. 548-573
    • Weiner, B.1
  • 239
    • 0002074365 scopus 로고
    • The use of interpersonal touch in securing compliance
    • Willis F.N., and Hamm H.K. The use of interpersonal touch in securing compliance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 5 (1980) 49-55
    • (1980) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 49-55
    • Willis, F.N.1    Hamm, H.K.2
  • 240
    • 0000331622 scopus 로고
    • The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed
    • Wispé L. The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 314-321
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 314-321
    • Wispé, L.1
  • 241
    • 20744440456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic influences of culture on cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma
    • Wong R.Y., and Hong Y.Y. Dynamic influences of culture on cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma. Psychological Science 6 (2005) 429-434
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.6 , pp. 429-434
    • Wong, R.Y.1    Hong, Y.Y.2
  • 242
    • 0021012024 scopus 로고
    • Children's emotions and behaviors in response to infants' cries
    • Zahn-Waxler C., Friedman S.L., and Cummins E.M. Children's emotions and behaviors in response to infants' cries. Child Development 54 (1983) 1522-1528
    • (1983) Child Development , vol.54 , pp. 1522-1528
    • Zahn-Waxler, C.1    Friedman, S.L.2    Cummins, E.M.3
  • 243
    • 51249108207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal attributions of responsibility in the Chinese workplace: A test of Western models in a collectivistic context
    • Zhang A., Reyna C., Qian Z., and Yu G. Interpersonal attributions of responsibility in the Chinese workplace: A test of Western models in a collectivistic context. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 38 (2008) 2361-2377
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 2361-2377
    • Zhang, A.1    Reyna, C.2    Qian, Z.3    Yu, G.4
  • 244
    • 33847726620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antecedents of help giving in Chinese culture: Attribution, judgment of responsibility, expectation change and the reaction of affect
    • Zhang A., Xia F., and Li C. The antecedents of help giving in Chinese culture: Attribution, judgment of responsibility, expectation change and the reaction of affect. Social Behavior and Personality 35 (2007) 135-142
    • (2007) Social Behavior and Personality , vol.35 , pp. 135-142
    • Zhang, A.1    Xia, F.2    Li, C.3
  • 245
    • 77953171353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • College students' responsibility judgment and punishment of AIDS patients from the attributional perspective
    • Zhou F., Zhang A., Fang J., and Li W. College students' responsibility judgment and punishment of AIDS patients from the attributional perspective. Psychological Science (China) 28 (2005) 1216-1219
    • (2005) Psychological Science (China) , vol.28 , pp. 1216-1219
    • Zhou, F.1    Zhang, A.2    Fang, J.3    Li, W.4
  • 246
    • 0036581692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children's empathy-related responding and social functioning: A longitudinal study
    • Zhou Q., Eisenberg N., Losoya S., Fabes R.A., Reiser M., Guthrie I.K., and Shepard S.A. The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children's empathy-related responding and social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development 73 (2002) 893-915
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 893-915
    • Zhou, Q.1    Eisenberg, N.2    Losoya, S.3    Fabes, R.A.4    Reiser, M.5    Guthrie, I.K.6    Shepard, S.A.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.