메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 750-771

Prodrugs-from serendipity to rational design

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 BUTYL 4 CHLORO 1 [[2' (1H TETRAZOL 5 YL) 4 BIPHENYLYL]METHYL] 5 IMIDAZOLECARBOXYLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADEFOVIR; AMPRENAVIR; BAMBUTEROL; BIMATOPROST; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE; DIPIVEFRINE; EFAVIRENZ PLUS EMTRICITABINE PLUS TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL; ESOMEPRAZOLE; FENOFIBRATE; FOSAMPRENAVIR; FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM; LANSOPRAZOLE; LATANOPROST; LISDEXAMFETAMINE; MB 07133; MIDODRINE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; OLMESARTAN; OSELTAMIVIR; PANTOPRAZOLE; PHENYTOIN; PR 104; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISOLONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE; PRODRUG; R 130964; RABEPRAZOLE; SULFAMIDOCHRYSOIDINE; SULFANILAMIDE; TAZAROTENE; TIRAPAZAMINE; TRAVOPROST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALACICLOVIR;

EID: 79960671231     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: 15210081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003459     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (427)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0001199533 scopus 로고
    • Chemical aspects of selective toxicity
    • Albert A (1958) Chemical aspects of selective toxicity. Nature 182: 421-422.
    • (1958) Nature , vol.182 , pp. 421-422
    • Albert, A.1
  • 2
    • 0037460188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide antitumor agents to oxidizing species following their one-electron reduction
    • Anderson RF, Shinde SS, Hay MP, Gamage SA, and Denny WA (2003) Activation of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide antitumor agents to oxidizing species following their one-electron reduction. J Am Chem Soc 125: 748-756.
    • (2003) J Am Chem Soc , vol.125 , pp. 748-756
    • Anderson, R.F.1    Shinde, S.S.2    Hay, M.P.3    Gamage, S.A.4    Denny, W.A.5
  • 5
    • 0346958512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of ester prodrugs to enhance oral absorption of poorly permeable compounds: Challenges to the discovery scientist
    • Beaumont K, Webster R, Gardner I, and Dack K (2003) Design of ester prodrugs to enhance oral absorption of poorly permeable compounds: challenges to the discovery scientist. Curr Drug Metab 4: 461-485.
    • (2003) Curr Drug Metab , vol.4 , pp. 461-485
    • Beaumont, K.1    Webster, R.2    Gardner, I.3    Dack, K.4
  • 7
    • 67649121897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different roads to discovery; Prontosil (hence sulfa drugs) and penicillin (hence beta-lactams)
    • Bentley R (2009) Different roads to discovery; Prontosil (hence sulfa drugs) and penicillin (hence beta-lactams). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36: 775-786.
    • (2009) J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol , vol.36 , pp. 775-786
    • Bentley, R.1
  • 8
    • 0029731207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis-(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability
    • Benzaria S, Pélicano H, Johnson R, Maury G, Imbach JL, Aubertin AM, Obert G, and Gosselin G (1996) Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of bis-(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) ester derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) as potential PMEA prodrugs with improved oral bioavailability. J Med Chem 39: 4958-4965.
    • (1996) J Med Chem , vol.39 , pp. 4958-4965
    • Benzaria, S.1    Pélicano, H.2    Johnson, R.3    Maury, G.4    Imbach, J.L.5    Aubertin, A.M.6    Obert, G.7    Gosselin, G.8
  • 9
    • 38749131205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans
    • Blech S, Ebner T, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, Stangier J, and Roth W (2008) The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 36: 386-399.
    • (2008) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.36 , pp. 386-399
    • Blech, S.1    Ebner, T.2    Ludwig-Schwellinger, E.3    Stangier, J.4    Roth, W.5
  • 10
    • 0029748299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fosphenytoin: A novel phenytoin prodrug
    • Boucher BA (1996) Fosphenytoin: a novel phenytoin prodrug. Pharmacotherapy 16: 777-791.
    • (1996) Pharmacotherapy , vol.16 , pp. 777-791
    • Boucher, B.A.1
  • 12
    • 33845953970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of a novel liver-targeted prodrug of cytosine-1-β-D-arabinofuranoside monophosphate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Boyer SH, Sun Z, Jiang H, Esterbrook J, Gómez-Galeno JE, Craigo W, Reddy KR, Ugarkar BG, MacKenna DA, and Erion MD (2006) Synthesis and characterization of a novel liver-targeted prodrug of cytosine-1-β-D-arabinofuranoside monophosphate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Chem 49: 7711-7720.
    • (2006) J Med Chem , vol.49 , pp. 7711-7720
    • Boyer, S.H.1    Sun, Z.2    Jiang, H.3    Esterbrook, J.4    Gómez-Galeno, J.E.5    Craigo, W.6    Reddy, K.R.7    Ugarkar, B.G.8    McKenna, D.A.9    Erion, M.D.10
  • 13
    • 68749113944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting of tamoxifen to enhance antitumour action for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer: The 'personalised' approach?
    • Brauch H and Jordan VC (2009) Targeting of tamoxifen to enhance antitumour action for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer: the 'personalised' approach? Eur J Cancer 45: 2274-2283.
    • (2009) Eur J Cancer , vol.45 , pp. 2274-2283
    • Brauch, H.1    Jordan, V.C.2
  • 14
    • 0029946975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin
    • Browne TR, Kugler AR, and Eldon MA (1996) Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin. Neurology 46: S3-7.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46
    • Browne, T.R.1    Kugler, A.R.2    Eldon, M.A.3
  • 15
    • 0029076466 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of a rat liver enzyme that hydrolyzes valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir
    • Burnette TC, Harrington JA, Reardon JE, Merrill BM, and de Miranda P (1995) Purification and characterization of a rat liver enzyme that hydrolyzes valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir. J Biol Chem 270: 15827-15831.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 15827-15831
    • Burnette, T.C.1    Harrington, J.A.2    Reardon, J.E.3    Merrill, B.M.4    de Miranda, P.5
  • 16
    • 0000312699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical and drug-delivery considerations for oral drug bioavailability
    • Chan OH and Stewart BH (1996) Physicochemical and drug-delivery considerations for oral drug bioavailability. Drug Discov Today 1: 461-473.
    • (1996) Drug Discov Today , vol.1 , pp. 461-473
    • Chan, O.H.1    Stewart, B.H.2
  • 17
    • 4644305654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fosamprenavir: A review of its use in the management of antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with HIV infection
    • Chapman TM, Plosker GL, and Perry CM (2004) Fosamprenavir: a review of its use in the management of antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with HIV infection. Drugs 64: 2101-2124.
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 2101-2124
    • Chapman, T.M.1    Plosker, G.L.2    Perry, C.M.3
  • 19
    • 1242271216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia targeted gene therapy to increase the efficacy of tirapazamine as an adjuvant to radiotherapy: Reversing tumor radioresistance and effecting cure
    • Cowen RL, Williams KJ, Chinje EC, Jaffar M, Sheppard FC, Telfer BA, Wind NS, and Stratford IJ (2004) Hypoxia targeted gene therapy to increase the efficacy of tirapazamine as an adjuvant to radiotherapy: reversing tumor radioresistance and effecting cure. Cancer Res 64: 1396-1402.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 1396-1402
    • Cowen, R.L.1    Williams, K.J.2    Chinje, E.C.3    Jaffar, M.4    Sheppard, F.C.5    Telfer, B.A.6    Wind, N.S.7    Stratford, I.J.8
  • 20
    • 0034189059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midodrine: A selective alpha-adrenergic agonist for orthostatic hypotension and dialysis hypotension
    • Cruz DN (2000) Midodrine: a selective alpha-adrenergic agonist for orthostatic hypotension and dialysis hypotension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 1: 835-840.
    • (2000) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.1 , pp. 835-840
    • Cruz, D.N.1
  • 21
    • 0142074315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adefovir dipivoxil: A review of its use in chronic hepatitis B
    • Dando T and Plosker G (2003) Adefovir dipivoxil: a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B. Drugs 63: 2215-2234.
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , pp. 2215-2234
    • Dando, T.1    Plosker, G.2
  • 22
    • 0027432371 scopus 로고
    • The acyclovir legacy: Its contribution to antiviral drug discovery
    • Darby G (1993) The acyclovir legacy: its contribution to antiviral drug discovery. J Med Virol Suppl 1: 134-138.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , Issue.SUPPL 1 , pp. 134-138
    • Darby, G.1
  • 23
    • 50449097993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic role of L-type amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2
    • del Amo EM, Urtti A, and Yliperttula M (2008) Pharmacokinetic role of L-type amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2. Eur J Pharm Sci 35: 161-174.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.35 , pp. 161-174
    • del Amo, E.M.1    Urtti, A.2    Yliperttula, M.3
  • 24
    • 62149146834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by statins and reduction in risk of cardiovascular outcomes: An updated meta-analysis
    • Delahoy PJ, Magliano DJ, Webb K, Grobler M, and Liew D (2009) The relationship between reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by statins and reduction in risk of cardiovascular outcomes: an updated meta-analysis. Clin Ther 31: 236-244.
    • (2009) Clin Ther , vol.31 , pp. 236-244
    • Delahoy, P.J.1    Magliano, D.J.2    Webb, K.3    Grobler, M.4    Liew, D.5
  • 25
    • 0035415493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrug strategies in cancer therapy
    • Denny WA (2001) Prodrug strategies in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 36: 577-595.
    • (2001) Eur J Med Chem , vol.36 , pp. 577-595
    • Denny, W.A.1
  • 26
    • 77949471742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-activated prodrugs in cancer therapy: Progress to the clinic
    • Denny WA (2010) Hypoxia-activated prodrugs in cancer therapy: progress to the clinic. Future Oncol 6: 419-428.
    • (2010) Future Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 419-428
    • Denny, W.A.1
  • 27
    • 69249114673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solubility issues in early discovery and HTS
    • in, (Augustijins P and Brewster M eds), Springer Science + Business Media, New York
    • Di L and Kerns EH (2007) Solubility issues in early discovery and HTS, in Solvent Systems and Their Selection in Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (Augustijins P and Brewster M eds) pp 111-136, Springer Science + Business Media, New York.
    • (2007) Solvent Systems and Their Selection in Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , pp. 111-136
    • Di, L.1    Kerns, E.H.2
  • 28
    • 40049110714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: An exception or the rule?
    • Dobson PD and Kell DB (2008) Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: an exception or the rule? Nat Rev Drug Discov 7: 205-220.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.7 , pp. 205-220
    • Dobson, P.D.1    Kell, D.B.2
  • 29
    • 0037319276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery to the retina: Challenges and opportunities
    • Duvvuri S, Majumdar S, and Mitra AK (2003) Drug delivery to the retina: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 3: 45-56.
    • (2003) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.3 , pp. 45-56
    • Duvvuri, S.1    Majumdar, S.2    Mitra, A.K.3
  • 30
    • 8844282674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of metabolism in ocular drug delivery
    • Duvvuri S, Majumdar S, and Mitra AK (2004) Role of metabolism in ocular drug delivery. Curr Drug Metab 5: 507-515.
    • (2004) Curr Drug Metab , vol.5 , pp. 507-515
    • Duvvuri, S.1    Majumdar, S.2    Mitra, A.K.3
  • 32
    • 0021025352 scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry and mechanism of action of acyclovir
    • Elion GB (1983) The biochemistry and mechanism of action of acyclovir. J Antimicrob Chemother 12 Suppl B: 9-17.
    • (1983) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL B , pp. 9-17
    • Elion, G.B.1
  • 33
    • 70749149366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics and risk of inadequate platelet inhibition: US FDA recommendations
    • Ellis KJ, Stouffer GA, McLeod HL, and Lee CR (2009) Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics and risk of inadequate platelet inhibition: US FDA recommendations. Pharmacogenomics 10: 1799.
    • (2009) Pharmacogenomics , vol.10 , pp. 1799
    • Ellis, K.J.1    Stouffer, G.A.2    McLeod, H.L.3    Lee, C.R.4
  • 34
    • 32544443162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HepDirect prodrugs for targeting nucleotide-based antiviral drugs to the liver
    • Erion MD, Bullough DA, Lin CC, and Hong Z (2006) HepDirect prodrugs for targeting nucleotide-based antiviral drugs to the liver. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 7: 109-117.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.7 , pp. 109-117
    • Erion, M.D.1    Bullough, D.A.2    Lin, C.C.3    Hong, Z.4
  • 35
    • 11144357250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of cytochrome P(450) 3A-activated prodrugs (Hep-Direct prodrugs) useful for targeting phosph(on)ate-based drugs to the liver
    • Erion MD, Reddy KR, Boyer SH, Matelich MC, Gomez-Galeno J, Lemus RH, Ugarkar BG, Colby TJ, Schanzer J, and Van Poelje PD (2004) Design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of cytochrome P(450) 3A-activated prodrugs (Hep-Direct prodrugs) useful for targeting phosph(on)ate-based drugs to the liver. J Am Chem Soc 126: 5154-5163.
    • (2004) J Am Chem Soc , vol.126 , pp. 5154-5163
    • Erion, M.D.1    Reddy, K.R.2    Boyer, S.H.3    Matelich, M.C.4    Gomez-Galeno, J.5    Lemus, R.H.6    Ugarkar, B.G.7    Colby, T.J.8    Schanzer, J.9    van Poelje, P.D.10
  • 37
    • 2342481809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned from marketed and investigational prodrugs
    • Ettmayer P, Amidon GL, Clement B, and Testa B (2004) Lessons learned from marketed and investigational prodrugs. J Med Chem 47: 2393-2404.
    • (2004) J Med Chem , vol.47 , pp. 2393-2404
    • Ettmayer, P.1    Amidon, G.L.2    Clement, B.3    Testa, B.4
  • 38
    • 33947222657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrug strategy for enhancing drug delivery via skin
    • Fang JY and Leu YL (2006) Prodrug strategy for enhancing drug delivery via skin. Curr Drug Discov Technol 3: 211-224.
    • (2006) Curr Drug Discov Technol , vol.3 , pp. 211-224
    • Fang, J.Y.1    Leu, Y.L.2
  • 39
    • 75749102996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and disposition of the thienopyridine antiplatelet drugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel in humans
    • Farid NA, Kurihara A, and Wrighton SA (2010) Metabolism and disposition of the thienopyridine antiplatelet drugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 50: 126-142.
    • (2010) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 126-142
    • Farid, N.A.1    Kurihara, A.2    Wrighton, S.A.3
  • 40
    • 0027931173 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-di-N-oxide (tirapazamine, WIN 59075, SR 4233) to a DNAdamaging species: A direct role for NADPH:Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
    • Fitzsimmons SA, Lewis AD, Riley RJ, and Workman P (1994) Reduction of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-di-N-oxide (tirapazamine, WIN 59075, SR 4233) to a DNAdamaging species: a direct role for NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Carcinogenesis 15: 1503-1510.
    • (1994) Carcinogenesis , vol.15 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Fitzsimmons, S.A.1    Lewis, A.D.2    Riley, R.J.3    Workman, P.4
  • 41
    • 0342832999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved oral drug delivery: Solubility limitations overcome by the use of prodrugs
    • Fleisher D, Bong R, and Stewart BH (1996) Improved oral drug delivery: solubility limitations overcome by the use of prodrugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 19: 115-130.
    • (1996) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.19 , pp. 115-130
    • Fleisher, D.1    Bong, R.2    Stewart, B.H.3
  • 48
    • 33745007336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of valacyclovir: Implications for its oral bioavailability
    • Granero GE and Amidon GL (2006) Stability of valacyclovir: implications for its oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm 317: 14-18.
    • (2006) Int J Pharm , vol.317 , pp. 14-18
    • Granero, G.E.1    Amidon, G.L.2
  • 51
    • 34547653834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human reductases that activate the dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrug PR-104A: A role for NADPH:Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase under hypoxia
    • Guise CP, Wang AT, Theil A, Bridewell DJ, Wilson WR, and Patterson AV (2007) Identification of human reductases that activate the dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrug PR-104A: a role for NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase under hypoxia. Biochem Pharmacol 74: 810-820.
    • (2007) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 810-820
    • Guise, C.P.1    Wang, A.T.2    Theil, A.3    Bridewell, D.J.4    Wilson, W.R.5    Patterson, A.V.6
  • 52
    • 0037627732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrolysis of the prostaglandin analog prodrug bimatoprost to 17-phenyl-trinor PGF2alpha by human and rabbit ocular tissue
    • Hellberg MR, Ke TL, Haggard K, Klimko PG, Dean TR, and Graff G (2003) The hydrolysis of the prostaglandin analog prodrug bimatoprost to 17-phenyl-trinor PGF2alpha by human and rabbit ocular tissue. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 19: 97-103.
    • (2003) J Ocul Pharmacol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 97-103
    • Hellberg, M.R.1    Ke, T.L.2    Haggard, K.3    Klimko, P.G.4    Dean, T.R.5    Graff, G.6
  • 53
    • 34548513083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen dependence and extravascular transport of hypoxia-activated prodrugs: Comparison of the dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A and tirapazamine
    • Hicks KO, Myint H, Patterson AV, Pruijn FB, Siim BG, Patel K, and Wilson WR (2007) Oxygen dependence and extravascular transport of hypoxia-activated prodrugs: comparison of the dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A and tirapazamine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 69: 560-571.
    • (2007) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.69 , pp. 560-571
    • Hicks, K.O.1    Myint, H.2    Patterson, A.V.3    Pruijn, F.B.4    Siim, B.G.5    Patel, K.6    Wilson, W.R.7
  • 54
    • 77955425743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCF/AHA Clopidogrel clinical alert: Approaches to the FDA "boxed warning": A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association
    • Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Sur-geons, Writing Committee Members
    • Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Sur-geons, Writing Committee Members, Holmes DR Jr, Dehmer GJ, Kaul S, Leifer D, O'Gara PT, and Stein CM (2010) ACCF/AHA Clopidogrel clinical alert: approaches to the FDA "boxed warning": a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association. Circulation 122: 537-557.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 537-557
    • Holmes Jr., D.R.1    Dehmer, G.J.2    Kaul, S.3    Leifer, D.4    O'Gara, P.T.5    Stein, C.M.6
  • 55
    • 79960696174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of levodopa
    • Hornykiewicz O (2010) A brief history of levodopa. J Neurol 257 (Suppl 2): S249-S252.
    • (2010) J Neurol , vol.257 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1
  • 56
    • 0035292910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of physicochemical properties on dissolution of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Hörter D and Dressman JB (2001) Influence of physicochemical properties on dissolution of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 46: 75-87.
    • (2001) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.46 , pp. 75-87
    • Hörter, D.1    Dressman, J.B.2
  • 57
    • 78649717192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First oral warfarin alternative approved in the US
    • Hughes B (2010) First oral warfarin alternative approved in the US. Nat Rev Drug Discov 9: 903-906.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.9 , pp. 903-906
    • Hughes, B.1
  • 58
    • 0017137343 scopus 로고
    • Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IV: Novel epinephrine prodrug
    • Hussain A and Truelove JE (1976) Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IV: novel epinephrine prodrug. J Pharm Sci 65: 1510-1512.
    • (1976) J Pharm Sci , vol.65 , pp. 1510-1512
    • Hussain, A.1    Truelove, J.E.2
  • 59
    • 55249095031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450-activated prodrugs: Targeted drug delivery
    • Huttunen KM, Mähönen N, Raunio H, and Rautio J (2008) Cytochrome P450-activated prodrugs: targeted drug delivery. Curr Med Chem 15: 2346-2365.
    • (2008) Curr Med Chem , vol.15 , pp. 2346-2365
    • Huttunen, K.M.1    Mähönen, N.2    Raunio, H.3    Rautio, J.4
  • 60
    • 33749030999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human carboxylesterase isozymes: Catalytic properties and rational drug design
    • Imai T (2006) Human carboxylesterase isozymes: catalytic properties and rational drug design. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 21: 173-185.
    • (2006) Drug Metab Pharmacokinet , vol.21 , pp. 173-185
    • Imai, T.1
  • 61
    • 22944464763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of esterases expressed in Caco-2 cells and effects of their hydrolyzing activity in predicting human intestinal absorption
    • Imai T, Imoto M, Sakamoto H, and Hashimoto M (2005) Identification of esterases expressed in Caco-2 cells and effects of their hydrolyzing activity in predicting human intestinal absorption. Drug Metab Dispos 33: 1185-1190.
    • (2005) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.33 , pp. 1185-1190
    • Imai, T.1    Imoto, M.2    Sakamoto, H.3    Hashimoto, M.4
  • 62
    • 0021078665 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from opiate binding studies that heroin acts through its metabolites
    • Inturrisi CE, Schultz M, Shin S, Umans JG, Angel L, and Simon EJ (1983) Evidence from opiate binding studies that heroin acts through its metabolites. Life Sci 33: 773-776.
    • (1983) Life Sci , vol.33 , pp. 773-776
    • Inturrisi, C.E.1    Schultz, M.2    Shin, S.3    Umans, J.G.4    Angel, L.5    Simon, E.J.6
  • 63
    • 34548638977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the metabolism of tamoxifen and its role in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer
    • Jordan VC (2007) New insights into the metabolism of tamoxifen and its role in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Steroids 72: 829-842.
    • (2007) Steroids , vol.72 , pp. 829-842
    • Jordan, V.C.1
  • 65
    • 0031957174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole but not itraconazole decreases the metabolism of losartan to E-3174
    • Kaukonen KM, Olkkola KT, and Neuvonen PJ (1998) Fluconazole but not itraconazole decreases the metabolism of losartan to E-3174. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 53: 445-449.
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 445-449
    • Kaukonen, K.M.1    Olkkola, K.T.2    Neuvonen, P.J.3
  • 66
    • 34948908635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Khor SP and Hsu A (2007) The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2: 234-243.
    • (2007) Curr Clin Pharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 234-243
    • Khor, S.P.1    Hsu, A.2
  • 68
    • 0018386680 scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparison of dipivalyl epinephrine and epinephrine in the treatment of glaucoma
    • Kohn AN, Moss AP, Hargett NA, Ritch R, Smith H Jr, and Podos SM (1979) Clinical comparison of dipivalyl epinephrine and epinephrine in the treatment of glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 87: 196-201.
    • (1979) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.87 , pp. 196-201
    • Kohn, A.N.1    Moss, A.P.2    Hargett, N.A.3    Ritch, R.4    Smith Jr., H.5    Podos, S.M.6
  • 69
    • 59649101380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of drug metabolism-an introduction: Part 6. Inter-individual factors affecting drug metabolism
    • Krämer SD and Testa B (2008) The biochemistry of drug metabolism-an introduction: part 6. Inter-individual factors affecting drug metabolism. Chem Biodivers 5: 2465-2578.
    • (2008) Chem Biodivers , vol.5 , pp. 2465-2578
    • Krämer, S.D.1    Testa, B.2
  • 70
    • 0343844454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs of phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates
    • Krise JP and Stella VJ (1996) Prodrugs of phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 19: 287-310.
    • (1996) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.19 , pp. 287-310
    • Krise, J.P.1    Stella, V.J.2
  • 72
    • 33745031316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymes involved in the bioconversion of ester-based prodrugs
    • Liederer BM and Borchardt RT (2006) Enzymes involved in the bioconversion of ester-based prodrugs. J Pharm Sci 95: 1177-1195.
    • (2006) J Pharm Sci , vol.95 , pp. 1177-1195
    • Liederer, B.M.1    Borchardt, R.T.2
  • 74
    • 69049085538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivery of high levels of anti-proliferative nucleoside triphosphates to CYP3A-expressing cells as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
    • MacKenna DA, Montag A, Boyer SH, Linemeyer DL, and Erion MD (2009) Delivery of high levels of anti-proliferative nucleoside triphosphates to CYP3A-expressing cells as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64: 981-991.
    • (2009) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 981-991
    • McKenna, D.A.1    Montag, A.2    Boyer, S.H.3    Linemeyer, D.L.4    Erion, M.D.5
  • 75
    • 2942612987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane transporter/receptortargeted prodrug design: Strategies for human and veterinary drug development
    • Majumdar S, Duvvuri S, and Mitra AK (2004) Membrane transporter/receptortargeted prodrug design: strategies for human and veterinary drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56: 1437-1452.
    • (2004) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.56 , pp. 1437-1452
    • Majumdar, S.1    Duvvuri, S.2    Mitra, A.K.3
  • 76
    • 0017940245 scopus 로고
    • Dipivalyl epinephrine: A new pro-drug in the treatment of glaucoma
    • Mandell AI, Stentz F, and Kitabchi AE (1978) Dipivalyl epinephrine: a new pro-drug in the treatment of glaucoma. Ophthalmology 85: 268-275.
    • (1978) Ophthalmology , vol.85 , pp. 268-275
    • Mandell, A.I.1    Stentz, F.2    Kitabchi, A.E.3
  • 77
    • 0035096415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oseltamivir: A review of its use in influenza
    • McClellan K and Perry CM (2001) Oseltamivir: a review of its use in influenza. Drugs 61: 263-283.
    • (2001) Drugs , vol.61 , pp. 263-283
    • McClellan, K.1    Perry, C.M.2
  • 78
    • 78049326068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: A meta-analysis
    • Mega JL, Simon T, Collet JP, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bliden K, Cannon CP, Danchin N, Giusti B, Gurbel P, et al. (2010) Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: a meta-analysis. JAMA 304: 1821-1830.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 1821-1830
    • Mega, J.L.1    Simon, T.2    Collet, J.P.3    Anderson, J.L.4    Antman, E.M.5    Bliden, K.6    Cannon, C.P.7    Danchin, N.8    Giusti, B.9    Gurbel, P.10
  • 79
    • 75149114217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed release film coating applications on oral solid dosage forms of proton pump inhibitors: Case studies
    • Missaghi S, Young C, Fegely K, and Rajabi-Siahboomi AR (2010) Delayed release film coating applications on oral solid dosage forms of proton pump inhibitors: case studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 36: 180-189.
    • (2010) Drug Dev Ind Pharm , vol.36 , pp. 180-189
    • Missaghi, S.1    Young, C.2    Fegely, K.3    Rajabi-Siahboomi, A.R.4
  • 80
    • 72449187503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrug approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility
    • Müller CE (2009) Prodrug approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility. Chem Biodivers 6: 2071-2083.
    • (2009) Chem Biodivers , vol.6 , pp. 2071-2083
    • Müller, C.E.1
  • 82
    • 77649135512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): The importance of CYP enzymes, transporters and pharmacogenetics
    • Neuvonen PJ (2010) Drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): the importance of CYP enzymes, transporters and pharmacogenetics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 11: 323-332.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.11 , pp. 323-332
    • Neuvonen, P.J.1
  • 83
    • 45549091043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic comparison of the potential over-the-counter statins simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin and pravastatin
    • Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT, and Niemi M (2008) Pharmacokinetic comparison of the potential over-the-counter statins simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin and pravastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet 47: 463-474.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.47 , pp. 463-474
    • Neuvonen, P.J.1    Backman, J.T.2    Niemi, M.3
  • 84
    • 0032887069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adefovir dipivoxil
    • Noble S and Goa KL (1999) Adefovir dipivoxil. Drugs 58: 479-487.
    • (1999) Drugs , vol.58 , pp. 479-487
    • Noble, S.1    Goa, K.L.2
  • 86
    • 0028867912 scopus 로고
    • Importance of P450 reductase activity in determining sensitivity of breast tumour cells to the bioreductive drug, tirapazamine (SR 4233)
    • Patterson AV, Barham HM, Chinje EC, Adams GE, Harris AL, and Stratford IJ (1995) Importance of P450 reductase activity in determining sensitivity of breast tumour cells to the bioreductive drug, tirapazamine (SR 4233). Br J Cancer 72: 1144-1150.
    • (1995) Br J Cancer , vol.72 , pp. 1144-1150
    • Patterson, A.V.1    Barham, H.M.2    Chinje, E.C.3    Adams, G.E.4    Harris, A.L.5    Stratford, I.J.6
  • 87
    • 0029029678 scopus 로고
    • Oral bambuterol versus terbutaline in patients with asthma
    • Persson G, Pahlm O, and Gnosspelius Y (1995) Oral bambuterol versus terbutaline in patients with asthma. Curr Ther Res 56: 457-465.
    • (1995) Curr Ther Res , vol.56 , pp. 457-465
    • Persson, G.1    Pahlm, O.2    Gnosspelius, Y.3
  • 88
    • 73649124620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug focus: Pharmacogenetic studies related to cyclophosphamide-based therapy
    • Pinto N, Ludeman SM, and Dolan ME (2009) Drug focus: Pharmacogenetic studies related to cyclophosphamide-based therapy. Pharmacogenomics 10: 1897-1903.
    • (2009) Pharmacogenomics , vol.10 , pp. 1897-1903
    • Pinto, N.1    Ludeman, S.M.2    Dolan, M.E.3
  • 93
    • 33748744628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, function and regulation of carboxylesterases
    • Satoh T and Hosokawa M (2006) Structure, function and regulation of carboxylesterases. Chem Biol Interact 162: 195-211.
    • (2006) Chem Biol Interact , vol.162 , pp. 195-211
    • Satoh, T.1    Hosokawa, M.2
  • 95
    • 0022607488 scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic use of heroin: A review of the pharmacological literature
    • Sawynok J (1986) The therapeutic use of heroin: a review of the pharmacological literature. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 64: 1-6.
    • (1986) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 1-6
    • Sawynok, J.1
  • 96
    • 0344303632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the single CYP2C9*3 allele on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in healthy Japanese subjects
    • Sekino K, Kubota T, Okada Y, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Horiuchi R, Kimura K, and Iga T (2003) Effect of the single CYP2C9*3 allele on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in healthy Japanese subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 59: 589-592.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 589-592
    • Sekino, K.1    Kubota, T.2    Okada, Y.3    Yamada, Y.4    Yamamoto, K.5    Horiuchi, R.6    Kimura, K.7    Iga, T.8
  • 97
    • 79960683628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs as drug delivery systems
    • in, (Li X and Jasti BR eds), The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., New York
    • Shanghag A, Yam N and Jasti B (2006) Prodrugs as drug delivery systems, in Design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (Li X and Jasti BR eds) pp 75-106, The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., New York.
    • (2006) Design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems , pp. 75-106
    • Shanghag, A.1    Yam, N.2    Jasti, B.3
  • 98
    • 33751173450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is activated by carboxylesterase human carboxylesterase 1, and the activation is inhibited by antiplatelet agent clopidogrel
    • Shi D, Yang J, Yang D, LeCluyse EL, Black C, You L, Akhlaghi F, and Yan B (2006) Anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is activated by carboxylesterase human carboxylesterase 1, and the activation is inhibited by antiplatelet agent clopidogrel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 319: 1477-1484.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.319 , pp. 1477-1484
    • Shi, D.1    Yang, J.2    Yang, D.3    LeCluyse, E.L.4    Black, C.5    You, L.6    Akhlaghi, F.7    Yan, B.8
  • 100
  • 102
    • 0031981201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated intestinal absorption of valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir: 1. Interactions with peptides, organic anions and organic cations in rats
    • Sinko PJ and Balimane PV (1998) Carrier-mediated intestinal absorption of valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir: 1. Interactions with peptides, organic anions and organic cations in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 19: 209-217.
    • (1998) Biopharm Drug Dispos , vol.19 , pp. 209-217
    • Sinko, P.J.1    Balimane, P.V.2
  • 103
    • 0029797109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of bambuterol
    • Sitar DS (1996) Clinical pharmacokinetics of bambuterol. Clin Pharmacokinet 31: 246-256.
    • (1996) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.31 , pp. 246-256
    • Sitar, D.S.1
  • 104
    • 0142139248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing for topical delivery: Prodrugs can make the difference
    • Sloan KB and Wasdo S (2003) Designing for topical delivery: prodrugs can make the difference. Med Res Rev 23: 763-793.
    • (2003) Med Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 763-793
    • Sloan, K.B.1    Wasdo, S.2
  • 105
    • 33845369015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design for optimized topical delivery: Prodrugs and a paradigm change
    • Sloan KB, Wasdo SC, and Rautio J (2006) Design for optimized topical delivery: prodrugs and a paradigm change. Pharm Res 23: 2729-2747.
    • (2006) Pharm Res , vol.23 , pp. 2729-2747
    • Sloan, K.B.1    Wasdo, S.C.2    Rautio, J.3
  • 106
    • 67650736252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid metabolism
    • Smith HS (2009) Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clin Proc 84: 613-624.
    • (2009) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.84 , pp. 613-624
    • Smith, H.S.1
  • 107
    • 0035718549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melagatran and ximelagatran: Anticoagulant thrombin inhibitor
    • Sorbera LA, Bayes M, Castaner J, and Silvestre J (2001) Melagatran and ximelagatran: anticoagulant thrombin inhibitor. Drugs Future 26: 1155-1170.
    • (2001) Drugs Future , vol.26 , pp. 1155-1170
    • Sorbera, L.A.1    Bayes, M.2    Castaner, J.3    Silvestre, J.4
  • 108
    • 77952908167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized therapy in pain management: Where do we stand?
    • Stamer UM, Zhang L, and Stüber F (2010) Personalized therapy in pain management: where do we stand? Pharmacogenomics 11: 843-864.
    • (2010) Pharmacogenomics , vol.11 , pp. 843-864
    • Stamer, U.M.1    Zhang, L.2    Stüber, F.3
  • 109
    • 34548031359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of dabigatran etexilate, a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor, in healthy male subjects
    • Stangier J, Rathgen K, Stähle H, Gansser D, and Roth W (2007) The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of dabigatran etexilate, a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor, in healthy male subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 64: 292-303.
    • (2007) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 292-303
    • Stangier, J.1    Rathgen, K.2    Stähle, H.3    Gansser, D.4    Roth, W.5
  • 110
    • 78049512700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs: Some thoughts and current issues
    • Stella VJ (2010) Prodrugs: Some thoughts and current issues. J Pharm Sci 99: 4755-4765.
    • (2010) J Pharm Sci , vol.99 , pp. 4755-4765
    • Stella, V.J.1
  • 112
    • 34548024418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrug strategies to overcome poor water solubility
    • Stella VJ and Nti-Addae KW (2007) Prodrug strategies to overcome poor water solubility. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59: 677-694.
    • (2007) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.59 , pp. 677-694
    • Stella, V.J.1    Nti-Addae, K.W.2
  • 113
    • 0036669549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of prostaglandin therapy: Latanoprost and unoprostone
    • Susanna R, Jr., Chew P, and Kitazawa Y (2002) Current status of prostaglandin therapy: latanoprost and unoprostone. Surv Ophthalmol 47 (Suppl 1): S97-104.
    • (2002) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL 1
    • Susanna Jr., R.1    Chew, P.2    Kitazawa, Y.3
  • 114
    • 0024166436 scopus 로고
    • The design and bioactivation of presystemically stable prodrugs
    • Svensson LA and Tunek A (1988) The design and bioactivation of presystemically stable prodrugs. Drug Metab Rev 19: 165-194.
    • (1988) Drug Metab Rev , vol.19 , pp. 165-194
    • Svensson, L.A.1    Tunek, A.2
  • 115
    • 0343930710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved passive oral drug delivery via prodrugs
    • Taylor MD (1996) Improved passive oral drug delivery via prodrugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 19: 131-148.
    • (1996) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.19 , pp. 131-148
    • Taylor, M.D.1
  • 116
    • 7444253306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodrug research: Futile or fertile?
    • Testa B (2004) Prodrug research: futile or fertile? Biochem Pharmacol 68: 2097-2106.
    • (2004) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 2097-2106
    • Testa, B.1
  • 117
    • 33847092271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of drug metabolism-an introduction: Part 2. Redox reactions and their enzymes
    • Testa B and Krämer SD (2007) The biochemistry of drug metabolism-an introduction: Part 2. Redox reactions and their enzymes. Chem Biodivers 4: 257-405.
    • (2007) Chem Biodivers , vol.4 , pp. 257-405
    • Testa, B.1    Krämer, S.D.2
  • 119
    • 34547647033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pradefovir, a liver-targeted prodrug of adefovir against HBV infection
    • Tillmann HL (2007) Pradefovir, a liver-targeted prodrug of adefovir against HBV infection. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 8: 682-690.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.8 , pp. 682-690
    • Tillmann, H.L.1
  • 120
    • 33750699963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of isoniazid
    • Timmins GS and Deretic V (2006) Mechanisms of action of isoniazid. Mol Microbiol 62: 1220-1227.
    • (2006) Mol Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 1220-1227
    • Timmins, G.S.1    Deretic, V.2
  • 121
    • 10044280200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug interactions with the potential to prevent prodrug activation as a common source of irrational prescribing in hospital inpatients
    • Tirkkonen T and Laine K (2004) Drug interactions with the potential to prevent prodrug activation as a common source of irrational prescribing in hospital inpatients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 76: 639-647.
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.76 , pp. 639-647
    • Tirkkonen, T.1    Laine, K.2
  • 122
    • 39749126121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and clinical relevance of drug interactions with lovastatin and simvastatin: An observational database study
    • Tirkkonen T, Ryynänen A, Vahlberg T, Irjala K, Klaukka T, Huupponen R, and Laine K (2008) Frequency and clinical relevance of drug interactions with lovastatin and simvastatin: an observational database study. Drug Saf 31: 231-240.
    • (2008) Drug Saf , vol.31 , pp. 231-240
    • Tirkkonen, T.1    Ryynänen, A.2    Vahlberg, T.3    Irjala, K.4    Klaukka, T.5    Huupponen, R.6    Laine, K.7
  • 123
    • 33745254504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypoten-sive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives
    • Tsuda M, Terada T, Irie M, Katsura T, Niida A, Tomita K, Fujii N, and Inui K (2006) Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypoten-sive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318: 455-460.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 455-460
    • Tsuda, M.1    Terada, T.2    Irie, M.3    Katsura, T.4    Niida, A.5    Tomita, K.6    Fujii, N.7    Inui, K.8
  • 124
    • 0023820851 scopus 로고
    • 3H-bambuterol, a carbamate prodrug of terbutaline, in blood from humans and laboratory animals in vitro
    • 3H-bambuterol, a carbamate prodrug of terbutaline, in blood from humans and laboratory animals in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 37: 3867-3876.
    • (1988) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 3867-3876
    • Tunek, A.1    Levin, E.2    Svensson, L.A.3
  • 125
    • 0021997010 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone at steady state in the rabbit
    • Unadkat JD and Rowland M (1985) Pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone at steady state in the rabbit. Drug Metab Dispos 13: 503-509.
    • (1985) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.13 , pp. 503-509
    • Unadkat, J.D.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 126
    • 79951802856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Food and Drug Administration., Clinical Pharmacology Subcommittee. 18-19 October. Available at
    • United States Food and Drug Administration (2006) Summary minutes of the Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science, Clinical Pharmacology Subcommittee. 18-19 October. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/minutes/2006-4248m1.pdf.
    • (2006) Summary minutes of the Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science
  • 127
    • 0035953319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propertybased design: Optimization of drug absorption and pharmacokinetics
    • van De Waterbeemd H, Smith DA, Beaumont K, and Walker DK (2001) Propertybased design: optimization of drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. J Med Chem 44: 1313-1333.
    • (2001) J Med Chem , vol.44 , pp. 1313-1333
    • van de Waterbeemd, H.1    Smith, D.A.2    Beaumont, K.3    Walker, D.K.4
  • 128
    • 0142165030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of aspirin
    • Vane JR and Botting RM (2003) The mechanism of action of aspirin. Thromb Res 110: 255-258.
    • (2003) Thromb Res , vol.110 , pp. 255-258
    • Vane, J.R.1    Botting, R.M.2
  • 129
    • 34250345279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apnea in a child after oral codeine: A genetic variant-an ultra-rapid metabolizer
    • Voronov P, Przybylo HJ, and Jagannathan N (2007) Apnea in a child after oral codeine: a genetic variant-an ultra-rapid metabolizer. Paediatr Anaesth 17: 684-687.
    • (2007) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.17 , pp. 684-687
    • Voronov, P.1    Przybylo, H.J.2    Jagannathan, N.3
  • 130
    • 68949130179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P2Y(12) inhibitors: Differences in properties and mechanisms of action and potential consequences for clinical use
    • Wallentin L (2009) P2Y(12) inhibitors: differences in properties and mechanisms of action and potential consequences for clinical use. Eur Heart J 30: 1964-1977.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 1964-1977
    • Wallentin, L.1
  • 132
    • 33344460707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fosamprenavir: Clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of the amprenavir prodrug
    • Wire MB, Shelton MJ, and Studenberg S (2006) Fosamprenavir: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of the amprenavir prodrug. Clin Pharmacokinet 45: 137-168.
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.45 , pp. 137-168
    • Wire, M.B.1    Shelton, M.J.2    Studenberg, S.3
  • 133
    • 78649911815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physicochemical properties, in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a novel ester prodrug of EXP3174
    • Yan YD, Kim HK, Seo KH, Lee WS, Lee GS, Woo JS, Yong CS, and Choi HG (2010) The physicochemical properties, in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a novel ester prodrug of EXP3174. Mol Pharm 7: 2132-2140.
    • (2010) Mol Pharm , vol.7 , pp. 2132-2140
    • Yan, Y.D.1    Kim, H.K.2    Seo, K.H.3    Lee, W.S.4    Lee, G.S.5    Woo, J.S.6    Yong, C.S.7    Choi, H.G.8
  • 134
    • 0022493495 scopus 로고
    • SR-4233: A new bioreductive agent with high selective toxicity for hypoxic mammalian cells
    • Zeman EM, Brown JM, Lemmon MJ, Hirst VK, and Lee WW (1986) SR-4233: a new bioreductive agent with high selective toxicity for hypoxic mammalian cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1239-1242.
    • (1986) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.12 , pp. 1239-1242
    • Zeman, E.M.1    Brown, J.M.2    Lemmon, M.J.3    Hirst, V.K.4    Lee, W.W.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.