메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 163, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1507-1519

Cannabidiol inhibits pathogenic T cells, decreases spinal microglial activation and ameliorates multiple sclerosis-like disease in C57BL/6 mice

Author keywords

cannabidiol; cannabinoids; EAE; microglia; MOG; T cells

Indexed keywords

CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; MYELIN; MYELIN OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN; CELL PROTEIN; GALECTIN 3; PROTEIN MAC 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79960293903     PISSN: 00071188     EISSN: 14765381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01379.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (163)

References (63)
  • 3
    • 0028789427 scopus 로고
    • The peripheral cannabinoid receptor: Adenylate cyclase inhibition and G protein coupling
    • Bayewitch M, Avidor-Reiss T, Levy R, Barg J, Mechoulam R, Vogel Z, (1995). The peripheral cannabinoid receptor: adenylate cyclase inhibition and G protein coupling. FEBS Lett 375: 143-147.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.375 , pp. 143-147
    • Bayewitch, M.1    Avidor-Reiss, T.2    Levy, R.3    Barg, J.4    Mechoulam, R.5    Vogel, Z.6
  • 4
    • 67651177581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on inflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications
    • Bennett JL, Stüve O, (2009). Update on inflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic implications. Clin Neuropharmacol 32: 121-132.
    • (2009) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 121-132
    • Bennett, J.L.1    Stüve, O.2
  • 5
    • 0020658978 scopus 로고
    • Detection of autoimmune cells proliferating to myelin basic protein and selection of T cell lines that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE0) in mice
    • Ben-Nun A, Lando Z, (1983). Detection of autoimmune cells proliferating to myelin basic protein and selection of T cell lines that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. J Immunol 130: 1205-1209. (Pubitemid 13159853)
    • (1983) Journal of Immunology , vol.130 , Issue.3 , pp. 1205-1209
    • Ben Nun, A.1    Lando, Z.2
  • 8
    • 54149084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A, (2008). Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 372: 1502-1517.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1502-1517
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 10
    • 0037397037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN55,212
    • DOI 10.1172/JCI200317652
    • Croxford JL, Miller SD, (2003). Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55,212. J Clin Invest 111: 1231-1240. (Pubitemid 36519940)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.111 , Issue.8 , pp. 1231-1240
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 11
    • 23044486763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and the immune system: Potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.04.023, PII S0165572805001608
    • Croxford JL, Yamamura T, (2005). Cannabinoids and the immune system: potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases? J Neuroimmunol 166: 3-18. (Pubitemid 41074652)
    • (2005) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.166 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-18
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Yamamura, T.2
  • 12
    • 37749034365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immunosuppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis
    • Croxford JL, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Ledent C, Giovannoni G, Pertwee RG, et al,. (2008). Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immunosuppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 193: 120-129.
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.193 , pp. 120-129
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Pryce, G.2    Jackson, S.J.3    Ledent, C.4    Giovannoni, G.5    Pertwee, R.G.6
  • 13
    • 0018947105 scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients
    • Cunha JM, Carlini EA, Pereira AE, Ramos OL, Pimentel C, Gagliardi R, et al,. (1980). Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. Pharmacology 21: 175-185. (Pubitemid 10039764)
    • (1980) Pharmacology , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-185
    • Cunha, J.M.1    Carlini, E.A.2    Pereira, A.E.3
  • 14
    • 34848832040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpsychoactive cannabidiol prevents prion accumulation and protects neurons against prion toxicity
    • DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1942-07.2007
    • Dirikoc S, Priola SA, Marella M, Zsürger N, Chabry J, (2007). Nonpsychoactive cannabidiol prevents prion accumulation and protects neurons against prion toxicity. J Neurosci 27: 9537-9544. (Pubitemid 47492190)
    • (2007) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.27 , Issue.36 , pp. 9537-9544
    • Dirikoc, S.1    Priola, S.A.2    Marella, M.3    Zsurger, N.4    Chabry, J.5
  • 17
    • 0141758489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • γ-Irradiation enhances apoptosis induced by cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, in cultured HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells
    • DOI 10.1080/1042819031000103917
    • Gallily R, Even-Chena T, Katzavian G, Lehmann D, Dagan A, Mechoulam R, (2003). γ-irradiation enhances apoptosis induced by cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, in cultured HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 44: 1767-1773. (Pubitemid 37221053)
    • (2003) Leukemia and Lymphoma , vol.44 , Issue.10 , pp. 1767-1773
    • Gallily, R.1    Even-Chen, T.2    Katzavian, G.3    Lehmann, D.4    Dagan, A.5    Mechoulam, R.6
  • 19
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • DOI 10.1038/nn1997, PII NN1997
    • Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H, (2007). Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 10: 1387-1394. (Pubitemid 350014685)
    • (2007) Nature Neuroscience , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.-K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 23
    • 1842510018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on β-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells
    • Iuvone T, Esposito G, Esposito R, Santamaria R, Di Rosa M, Izzo AA, (2004). Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on β-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 89: 134-141. (Pubitemid 38420682)
    • (2004) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 134-141
    • Iuvone, T.1    Esposito, G.2    Esposito, R.3    Santamaria, R.4    Di Rosa, M.5    Izzo, A.A.6
  • 25
    • 34247359068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effects of cannabidiol on antigen-specific antibody production and functional activity of splenocytes in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice
    • Jan TR, Su ST, Wu HY, Liao MH, (2007). Suppressive effects of cannabidiol on antigen-specific antibody production and functional activity of splenocytes in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 7: 773-780.
    • (2007) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 773-780
    • Jan, T.R.1    Su, S.T.2    Wu, H.Y.3    Liao, M.H.4
  • 27
    • 77951557888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absence of the pro-antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Johnson DA, Amirahmadi S, Ward C, Fabry Z, Johnson JA, (2010). The absence of the pro-antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Sci 114: 237-246.
    • (2010) Toxicol Sci , vol.114 , pp. 237-246
    • Johnson, D.A.1    Amirahmadi, S.2    Ward, C.3    Fabry, Z.4    Johnson, J.A.5
  • 28
    • 77955662205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis
    • Jones JL, Coles AJ, (2010). New treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 225: 34-39.
    • (2010) Exp Neurol , vol.225 , pp. 34-39
    • Jones, J.L.1    Coles, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 84856513007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential transcriptional profiles mediated by exposure to the cannabinoids cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in BV-2 microglial cells
    • DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01461.x
    • Juknat A, Pietr M, Kozela E, Rimmerman N, Levy R, Coppola G, et al,. (2011). Differential transcriptional profiles mediated by exposure to the cannabinoids cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in BV-2 microglial cells. Br J Pharm DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01461.x.
    • (2011) Br J Pharm
    • Juknat, A.1    Pietr, M.2    Kozela, E.3    Rimmerman, N.4    Levy, R.5    Coppola, G.6
  • 30
  • 31
    • 50549105058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The profile of immune modulation by cannabidiol (CBD) involves deregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)
    • Kaplan BL, Springs AE, Kaminski NE, (2008). The profile of immune modulation by cannabidiol (CBD) involves deregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Biochem Pharmacol 76: 726-737.
    • (2008) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.76 , pp. 726-737
    • Kaplan, B.L.1    Springs, A.E.2    Kaminski, N.E.3
  • 32
    • 33750836408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope specificity of autoreactive T and B cells associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and optic neuritis induced by oligodendrocyte-specific protein in SJL/J mice
    • Kaushansky N, Zhong MC, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Hoeftberger R, Lassmann H, Ben-Nun A, (2006). Epitope specificity of autoreactive T and B cells associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and optic neuritis induced by oligodendrocyte-specific protein in SJL/J mice. J Immunol 177: 7364-7376. (Pubitemid 44715107)
    • (2006) Journal of Immunology , vol.177 , Issue.10 , pp. 7364-7376
    • Kaushansky, N.1    Zhong, M.-C.2    De Rosbo, N.K.3    Hoeftberger, R.4    Lassmann, H.5    Ben-Nun, A.6
  • 33
    • 34848886433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based drugs
    • Klein TW, Newton CA, (2007). Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based drugs. Adv Exp Med Biol 601: 395-413.
    • (2007) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.601 , pp. 395-413
    • Klein, T.W.1    Newton, C.A.2
  • 34
    • 14044254798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway of antioxidant gene regulation
    • DOI 10.1089/ars.2005.7.385
    • Kobayashi M, Yamamoto M, (2005). Molecular mechanisms activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway of antioxidant gene regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 7: 385-394. (Pubitemid 40279806)
    • (2005) Antioxidants and Redox Signaling , vol.7 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 385-394
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Yamamoto, M.2
  • 35
    • 70450225045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring immune suppression in the multiple sclerosis brain
    • Koning N, Uitdehaag BM, Huitinga I, Hoek RM, (2009). Restoring immune suppression in the multiple sclerosis brain. Prog Neurobiol 89: 359-368.
    • (2009) Prog Neurobiol , vol.89 , pp. 359-368
    • Koning, N.1    Uitdehaag, B.M.2    Huitinga, I.3    Hoek, R.M.4
  • 36
    • 76249095734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol differentially inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-activated NF-kappaB and interferon- β/STAT proinflammatory pathways in BV-2 microglial cells
    • Kozela E, Pietr M, Juknat A, Rimmerman N, Levy R, Vogel Z, (2010). Cannabinoids Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol differentially inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-activated NF-kappaB and interferon- β/STAT proinflammatory pathways in BV-2 microglial cells. J Biol Chem 285: 1616-1626.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , pp. 1616-1626
    • Kozela, E.1    Pietr, M.2    Juknat, A.3    Rimmerman, N.4    Levy, R.5    Vogel, Z.6
  • 37
    • 17444370570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: Relevance to Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.11.009
    • Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J, (2005). Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 19: 96-107. (Pubitemid 40544727)
    • (2005) Neurobiology of Disease , vol.19 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 96-107
    • Lastres-Becker, I.1    Molina-Holgado, F.2    Ramos, J.A.3    Mechoulam, R.4    Fernandez-Ruiz, J.5
  • 38
    • 41149153235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study on cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells
    • Lee CY, Wey SP, Liao MH, Hsu WL, Wu HY, Jan TR, (2008). A comparative study on cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 8: 732-740.
    • (2008) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.8 , pp. 732-740
    • Lee, C.Y.1    Wey, S.P.2    Liao, M.H.3    Hsu, W.L.4    Wu, H.Y.5    Jan, T.R.6
  • 39
    • 1842451992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bax-ablation attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.01.076, PII S0304394004001211
    • Lev N, Barhum Y, Melamed E, Offen D, (2004). Bax-ablation attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Neurosci Lett 359: 139-142. (Pubitemid 38446657)
    • (2004) Neuroscience Letters , vol.359 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-142
    • Lev, N.1    Barhum, Y.2    Melamed, E.3    Offen, D.4
  • 40
    • 58149269741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation of cannabidiol anti-inflammation in the retina by equilibrative nucleoside transporter and A2A adenosine receptor
    • Liou GI, Auchampach JA, Hillard CJ, Zhu G, Yousufzai B, Mian S, et al,. (2008). Mediation of cannabidiol anti-inflammation in the retina by equilibrative nucleoside transporter and A2A adenosine receptor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49: 5526-5531.
    • (2008) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.49 , pp. 5526-5531
    • Liou, G.I.1    Auchampach, J.A.2    Hillard, C.J.3    Zhu, G.4    Yousufzai, B.5    Mian, S.6
  • 41
    • 0024596492 scopus 로고
    • 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(89)90075-1
    • Lyman WD, Sonett JR, Brosnan CF, Elkin R, Bornstein MB, (1989). Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 23: 73-81. (Pubitemid 19125801)
    • (1989) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-81
    • Lyman, W.D.1    Sonett, J.R.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Elkin, R.4    Bornstein, M.B.5
  • 42
    • 77952731052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor
    • McHugh D, Hu SS, Rimmerman N, Juknat A, Vogel Z, Walker JM, et al,. (2010). N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor. BMC Neurosci 11: 44.
    • (2010) BMC Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 44
    • McHugh, D.1    Hu, S.S.2    Rimmerman, N.3    Juknat, A.4    Vogel, Z.5    Walker, J.M.6
  • 44
    • 33645774927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system
    • Mackie K, (2005). Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. Handb Exp Pharmacol 168: 299-325.
    • (2005) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.168 , pp. 299-325
    • MacKie, K.1
  • 49
    • 0017577341 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular synthesis and replication of cultured lymphocytes
    • Nahas GG, Morishima A, Desoize B, (1977). Effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular synthesis and replication of cultured lymphocytes. Fed Proc 36: 1748-1752. (Pubitemid 8078416)
    • (1977) Federation Proceedings , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 1748-1752
    • Nahas, G.G.1    Morishima, A.2    Desoize, B.3
  • 50
    • 67349196005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential changes in GPR55 during microglial cell activation
    • Pietr M, Kozela E, Levy R, Rimmerman N, Lin YH, Stella N, et al,. (2009). Differential changes in GPR55 during microglial cell activation. FEBS Lett 583: 2071-2076.
    • (2009) FEBS Lett , vol.583 , pp. 2071-2076
    • Pietr, M.1    Kozela, E.2    Levy, R.3    Rimmerman, N.4    Lin, Y.H.5    Stella, N.6
  • 51
    • 25444484079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity
    • DOI 10.1002/jnr.20488
    • Ponomarev ED, Shriver LP, Maresz K, Dittel BN, (2005). Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity. J Neurosci Res 81: 374-389. (Pubitemid 41359292)
    • (2005) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 374-389
    • Ponomarev, E.D.1    Shriver, L.P.2    Maresz, K.3    Dittel, B.N.4
  • 52
    • 0033986604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids inhibit LPS-inducible cytokine mRNA expression in rat microglial cells
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(20000101)29:1<58::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-W
    • Puffenbarger RA, Boothe AC, Cabral GA, (2000). Cannabinoids inhibit LPS-inducible cytokine mRNA expression in rat microglial cells. Glia 29: 58-69. (Pubitemid 30031134)
    • (2000) GLIA , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-69
    • Puffenbarger, R.A.1    Boothe, A.C.2    Cabral, G.A.3
  • 53
    • 37249091964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption
    • Rajesh M, Pan H, Mukhopadhyay P, Ba' tkai S, Osei-Hyiaman D, Hasko G, et al,. (2007). Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption. J Leukoc Biol 82: 1382-1389.
    • (2007) J Leukoc Biol , vol.82 , pp. 1382-1389
    • Rajesh, M.1    Pan, H.2    Mukhopadhyay, P.3    Ba'Tkai, S.4    Osei-Hyiaman, D.5    Hasko, G.6
  • 54
    • 0032763663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin-3/MAC-2 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Reichert F, Rotshenker S, (1999). Galectin-3/MAC-2 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol 160: 508-514.
    • (1999) Exp Neurol , vol.160 , pp. 508-514
    • Reichert, F.1    Rotshenker, S.2
  • 55
    • 77954175124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in immune cells as a pathway to immunosuppression
    • Rieder SA, Chauhan A, Singh U, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, (2010). Cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in immune cells as a pathway to immunosuppression. Immunobiology 215: 598-560.
    • (2010) Immunobiology , vol.215 , pp. 598-560
    • Rieder, S.A.1    Chauhan, A.2    Singh, U.3    Nagarkatti, M.4    Nagarkatti, P.5
  • 56
    • 79960296602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models for autoimmune and inflammatory disease
    • Coligan J.E., Kruisbeek A.M., Margulies D.H., Shevach E.M., Strober W. (eds). John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York
    • Shevach EM, (1999). Animal models for autoimmune and inflammatory disease. In:, Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM, Strober W, (eds). Current Protocols in Immunology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York, pp. 15.0.1-15.0.5.
    • (1999) Current Protocols in Immunology , pp. 1501-1505
    • Shevach, E.M.1
  • 58
    • 77954177664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and the immune system: An overview
    • Tanasescu R, Constantinescu CS, (2010). Cannabinoids and the immune system: an overview. Immunobiology 215: 588-597.
    • (2010) Immunobiology , vol.215 , pp. 588-597
    • Tanasescu, R.1    Constantinescu, C.S.2
  • 60
    • 37349096614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol arrests onset of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.06.029, PII S0028390807001888, Cannabinoid Signaling in the Nervous system
    • Weiss L, Zeira M, Reich S, Slavin S, Raz I, Mechoulam R, et al,. (2008). Cannabidiol arrests onset of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Neuropharmacology 54: 244-249. (Pubitemid 350299408)
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 244-249
    • Weiss, L.1    Zeira, M.2    Reich, S.3    Slavin, S.4    Raz, I.5    Mechoulam, R.6    Gallily, R.7
  • 61
    • 38649110505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in primary lymphocytes is associated with oxidative stress-dependent activation of caspase-8
    • Wu HY, Chu RM, Wang CC, Lee CY, Lin SH, Jan TR, (2008). Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in primary lymphocytes is associated with oxidative stress-dependent activation of caspase-8. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 226: 260-270.
    • (2008) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.226 , pp. 260-270
    • Wu, H.Y.1    Chu, R.M.2    Wang, C.C.3    Lee, C.Y.4    Lin, S.H.5    Jan, T.R.6
  • 62
    • 0242654882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14738-1
    • Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, et al,. (2003). Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and others symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 362: 1517-1526. (Pubitemid 37410189)
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9395 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Zajicek, J.1    Fox, P.2    Sanders, H.3    Wright, D.4    Vickery, J.5    Nunn, A.6    Thompson, A.7
  • 63
    • 54249156391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol: From an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action
    • Zuardi AW, (2008). Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 30: 271-280.
    • (2008) Rev Bras Psiquiatr , vol.30 , pp. 271-280
    • Zuardi, A.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.