메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 504-514

Wild-type Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative model system for investigating the pathogenicity of Candida albicans

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

EID: 79959628056     PISSN: 17548403     EISSN: 17548411     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006619     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 2142820096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune-deficient Drosophila melanogaster: A model for the innate immune response to human fungal pathogens
    • Alarco, A. M. A., Marcil, J., Chen, B., Suter, D., Thomas, P. and Whiteway, M. (2004). Immune-deficient Drosophila melanogaster: a model for the innate immune response to human fungal pathogens. J. Immunol. 172, 5622-5628.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 5622-5628
    • Alarco, A.M.A.1    Marcil, J.2    Chen, B.3    Suter, D.4    Thomas, P.5    Whiteway, M.6
  • 2
    • 70350020264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans iron acquisition within the host
    • Almeida, R. S., Wilson, D. and Hube, B. (2009). Candida albicans iron acquisition within the host. FEMS Yeast Res. 9, 1000-1012.
    • (2009) FEMS Yeast Res. , vol.9 , pp. 1000-1012
    • Almeida, R.S.1    Wilson, D.2    Hube, B.3
  • 3
    • 3342963000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenge of Drosophila melanogaster with Cryptococcus neoformans and role of the innate immune response
    • DOI 10.1128/EC.3.2.413-419.2004
    • Apidianakis, Y., Rahme, L. G., Heitman, J., Ausubel, F. M., Calderwood, S. B. and Mylonakis, E. (2004). Challenge of Drosophila melanogaster with Cryptococcus neoformans and role of the innate immune response. Eukaryot. Cell 3, 413-419. (Pubitemid 38497980)
    • (2004) Eukaryotic Cell , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-419
    • Apidianakis, Y.1    Rahme, L.G.2    Heitman, J.3    Ausubel, F.M.4    Calderwood, S.B.5    Mylonakis, E.6
  • 4
    • 0030005708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain-dependent differences in host response to Candida albicans in mice are related to organ susceptibility and infectious load
    • Ashman, R. B., Fulurija, A. J. and Papadimitriou, M. (1996). Strain-dependent differences in host response to Candida albicans in mice are related to organ susceptibility and infectious load. Infect. Immun. 64, 1866-1869.
    • (1996) Infect. Immun. , vol.64 , pp. 1866-1869
    • Ashman, R.B.1    Fulurija, A.J.2    Papadimitriou, M.3
  • 6
    • 0037063976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between virulence of Candida albicans mutants in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae
    • Brennan, M., Thomas, D. Y., Whiteway, M. and Kavanagh, K. (2002). Correlation between virulence of Candida albicans mutants in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 34, 153-157.
    • (2002) FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 153-157
    • Brennan, M.1    Thomas, D.Y.2    Whiteway, M.3    Kavanagh, K.4
  • 7
    • 34548622179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection-related gene expression in Candida albicans
    • Brown, A. J. P., Odds, F. C. and Gow, N. A. R. (2007). Infection-related gene expression in Candida albicans. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 10, 307-313.
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.10 , pp. 307-313
    • Brown, A.J.P.1    Odds, F.C.2    Gow, N.A.R.3
  • 8
    • 0035399946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence factors of Candida albicans
    • Calderone, R. A. and Fonzi, W. A. (2001). Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 9, 327-335.
    • (2001) Trends Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 327-335
    • Calderone, R.A.1    Fonzi, W.A.2
  • 9
    • 33645360264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila melanogaster as a facile model for large-scale studies of virulence mechanisms and antifungal drug efficacy in Candida species
    • Chamilos, G., Lionakis, M. S., Lewis, R. E., Lopez-Ribot, J. L., Saville, S. P., Albert, N. D., Halder, G. and Kontoyiannis, D. P. (2006). Drosophila melanogaster as a facile model for large-scale studies of virulence mechanisms and antifungal drug efficacy in Candida species. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 1014-1022.
    • (2006) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.193 , pp. 1014-1022
    • Chamilos, G.1    Lionakis, M.S.2    Lewis, R.E.3    Lopez-Ribot, J.L.4    Saville, S.P.5    Albert, N.D.6    Halder, G.7    Kontoyiannis, D.P.8
  • 10
    • 67650667768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans Cas5, a regulator of cell wall integrity, is required for virulence in murine and Toll mutant fly models
    • Chamilos, G., Nobile, C. J., Bruno, V. M., Lewis, R. E., Mitchell, A. P. and Kontoyiannis, D. P. (2009). Candida albicans Cas5, a regulator of cell wall integrity, is required for virulence in murine and Toll mutant fly models. J. Infect. Dis. 200, 152-157.
    • (2009) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.200 , pp. 152-157
    • Chamilos, G.1    Nobile, C.J.2    Bruno, V.M.3    Lewis, R.E.4    Mitchell, A.P.5    Kontoyiannis, D.P.6
  • 11
    • 0035940514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays
    • De Gregorio, E., Spellman, P. T., Rubin, G. M. and Lemaitre, B. (2001). Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12590-12595.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 12590-12595
    • De Gregorio, E.1    Spellman, P.T.2    Rubin, G.M.3    Lemaitre, B.4
  • 12
    • 0037013856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila
    • DOI 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568
    • De Gregorio, E., Spellman, P. T., Tzou, P., Rubin, G. M. and Lemaitre, B. (2002). The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila. EMBO J. 21, 2568-2579. (Pubitemid 34619373)
    • (2002) EMBO Journal , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 2568-2579
    • De Gregorio, E.1    Spellman, P.T.2    Tzou, P.3    Rubin, G.M.4    Lemaitre, B.5
  • 13
    • 4143124341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models in the analysis of Candida host-pathogen interactions
    • De Repentigny, L. (2004). Animal models in the analysis of Candida host-pathogen interactions. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7, 324-329.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.7 , pp. 324-329
    • De Repentigny, L.1
  • 14
    • 73949139159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune response attenuates growth and nutrient storage in Drosophila by reducing insulin signalling
    • DiAngelo, J. R., Bland, M. L., Bambina, S., Cherry, S. and Birnbaum, M. J. (2009). The immune response attenuates growth and nutrient storage in Drosophila by reducing insulin signalling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 20853-20858.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 20853-20858
    • DiAngelo, J.R.1    Bland, M.L.2    Bambina, S.3    Cherry, S.4    Birnbaum, M.J.5
  • 15
    • 56749116809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of infectious diseases in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
    • Dionne, M. S. and Schneider, D. S. (2008). Models of infectious diseases in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Dis. Model. Mech. 1, 43-49.
    • (2008) Dis. Model. Mech. , vol.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Dionne, M.S.1    Schneider, D.S.2
  • 16
    • 33750023633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt and foxo Dysregulation contribute to infection-induced wasting in Drosophila
    • Dionne, M. S., Pham, L. N., Shirasu-Hiza, M. and Schneider, D. S. (2006). Akt and foxo Dysregulation contribute to infection-induced wasting in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 16, 1977-1985.
    • (2006) Curr. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1977-1985
    • Dionne, M.S.1    Pham, L.N.2    Shirasu-Hiza, M.3    Schneider, D.S.4
  • 17
    • 0032801225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis
    • Edmond, M., Wallace, S., McClish, D., Pfaller, M., Jones, R. and Wenzel, R. (1999). Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 239-249.
    • (1999) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.29 , pp. 239-249
    • Edmond, M.1    Wallace, S.2    McClish, D.3    Pfaller, M.4    Jones, R.5    Wenzel, R.6
  • 18
    • 52549093726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing of 'danger signals' and pathogen-associated molecular patterns defines binary signaling pathways 'upstream' of Toll
    • El Chamy, L., Leclerc, V., Caldelari, I. and Reichhart, J. M. (2008). Sensing of 'danger signals' and pathogen-associated molecular patterns defines binary signaling pathways 'upstream' of Toll. Nat. Immunol. 9, 1165-1170.
    • (2008) Nat. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 1165-1170
    • El Chamy, L.1    Leclerc, V.2    Caldelari, I.3    Reichhart, J.M.4
  • 19
    • 33745646085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive fungal infections: A review of epidemiology and management options
    • Enoch, D., Ludlam, H. and Brown, N. (2006). Invasive fungal infections: a review of epidemiology and management options. J. Med. Microbiol. 55, 809-823.
    • (2006) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.55 , pp. 809-823
    • Enoch, D.1    Ludlam, H.2    Brown, N.3
  • 21
    • 0032473360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A drosomycin-GFP reporter transgene reveals a local immune response in Drosophila that is not dependent on the Toll pathway
    • Ferrandon, D., Jung, A. C., Criqui, M., Lemaitre, B., Uttenweiler-Joseph, S., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J.-M. and Hoffmann, J. A. (1998). A drosomycin-GFP reporter transgene reveals a local immune response in Drosophila that is not dependent on the Toll pathway. EMBO J. 17, 1217-1227.
    • (1998) EMBO J. , vol.17 , pp. 1217-1227
    • Ferrandon, D.1    Jung, A.C.2    Criqui, M.3    Lemaitre, B.4    Uttenweiler-Joseph, S.5    Michaut, L.6    Reichhart, J.-M.7    Hoffmann, J.A.8
  • 22
    • 0345731463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual Activation of the Drosophila Toll Pathway by Two Pattern Recognition Receptors
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1085432
    • Gobert, V., Gottar, M., Matskevich, A. A., Rutschmann, S., Royet, J., Belvin, M., Hoffmann, J. A. and Ferrandon, D. (2003). Dual activation of the Drosophila Toll Pathway by two pattern recognition receptors primer reference. Science 302, 2126-2130. (Pubitemid 38017946)
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , Issue.5653 , pp. 2126-2130
    • Gobert, V.1    Gottar, M.2    Matskevich, A.A.3    Rutschmann, S.4    Royet, J.5    Belvin, M.6    Hoffmann, J.A.7    Ferrandon, D.8
  • 23
    • 33746896975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species diversity of yeast in oral colonization of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients
    • Goncalves, R. H. P., Miranda, E. T., Zaia, J. E. and Giannini, M. J. M. (2006). Species diversity of yeast in oral colonization of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients. Mycopathologia 162, 83-89.
    • (2006) Mycopathologia , vol.162 , pp. 83-89
    • Goncalves, R.H.P.1    Miranda, E.T.2    Zaia, J.E.3    Giannini, M.J.M.4
  • 24
    • 33845666959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual Detection of Fungal Infections in Drosophila via Recognition of Glucans and Sensing of Virulence Factors
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.046, PII S0092867406015509
    • Gottar, M., Gobert, V., Matskevich, A. A., Reichhart, J.-M., Wang, C., Butt, T. M., Belvin, M., Hoffmann, J. A. and Ferrandon, D. (2006). Dual detection of fungal infections in Drosophila via recognition of glucans and sensing of virulence factors. Cell 127, 1425-1437. (Pubitemid 44960414)
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , Issue.7 , pp. 1425-1437
    • Gottar, M.1    Gobert, V.2    Matskevich, A.A.3    Reichhart, J.-M.4    Wang, C.5    Butt, T.M.6    Belvin, M.7    Hoffmann, J.A.8    Ferrandon, D.9
  • 26
    • 72949096858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of host innate defence: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and primitive invertebrates
    • Irazoqui, J. E., Urbach, J. M. and Ausubel, F. M. (2010). Evolution of host innate defence: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and primitive invertebrates. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10, 47-58.
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 47-58
    • Irazoqui, J.E.1    Urbach, J.M.2    Ausubel, F.M.3
  • 28
    • 0141611722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and outcome of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in England and Wales
    • Kibbler, C., Seaton, S., Barnes, R., Gransden, W., Holliman, R. and Johnson, E. (2003). Management and outcome of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in England and Wales. J. Hosp. Infect. 54, 18-29.
    • (2003) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.54 , pp. 18-29
    • Kibbler, C.1    Seaton, S.2    Barnes, R.3    Gransden, W.4    Holliman, R.5    Johnson, E.6
  • 29
    • 77955488048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An insect multi-ligand recognition protein functions as an opsonin for the phagocytosis of microorganisms
    • Kim, C. H., Shin, Y. P., Noh, Y. M., Jo, Y. H., Han, Y. S., Seong, Y. S. and I. H., Lee. (2010). An insect multi-ligand recognition protein functions as an opsonin for the phagocytosis of microorganisms. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 25243-25250.
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 25243-25250
    • Kim, C.H.1    Shin, Y.P.2    Noh, Y.M.3    Jo, Y.H.4    Han, Y.S.5    Seong, Y.S.6    Lee, I.H.7
  • 30
    • 73149095597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron metabolism: Microbes, mouse, and man
    • Latunde-Dada, G. O. (2009). Iron metabolism: microbes, mouse, and man. BioEssays 31, 1309-1317.
    • (2009) BioEssays , vol.31 , pp. 1309-1317
    • Latunde-Dada, G.O.1
  • 32
    • 34047268684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host defence of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Lemaitre, B. and Hoffmann, J. A. (2007). The host defence of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25, 697-743.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 697-743
    • Lemaitre, B.1    Hoffmann, J.A.2
  • 33
    • 34848924279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realized immune response is enhanced in long-lived puc and chico mutants but is unaffected by dietary restriction
    • Libert, S., Chaob, Y., Zwiener, J. and Pletcher, S. D. (2008). Realized immune response is enhanced in long-lived puc and chico mutants but is unaffected by dietary restriction. Mol. Immunol. 45, 810-817.
    • (2008) Mol. Immunol. , vol.45 , pp. 810-817
    • Libert, S.1    Chaob, Y.2    Zwiener, J.3    Pletcher, S.D.4
  • 34
    • 0037025213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Drosophila toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1072391
    • Ligoxygakis, P., Pelte, N., Hoffmann, J. A. and Reichhart, J.-M. (2002). Activation of Drosophila Toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease. Science 297, 114-116. (Pubitemid 34743106)
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , Issue.5578 , pp. 114-116
    • Ligoxygakis, P.1    Pelte, N.2    Hoffmann, J.A.3    Reichhart, J.-M.4
  • 37
    • 38549110765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pre-incubation temperature on susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans
    • DOI 10.1007/s11046-007-9069-9
    • Mowlds, P. and Kavanagh, K. (2008). Effect of pre-incubation temperature on susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 165, 5-12. (Pubitemid 351153279)
    • (2008) Mycopathologia , vol.165 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-12
    • Mowlds, P.1    Kavanagh, K.2
  • 38
    • 75149162801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent cellular and humoral responses in Galleria mellonella larvae following b-glucan inoculation
    • Mowlds, P., Coates, C., Renwick, J. and Kavanagh, K. (2009). Dose-dependent cellular and humoral responses in Galleria mellonella larvae following b-glucan inoculation. Microbes Infect. 12, 146-153.
    • (2009) Microbes Infect. , vol.12 , pp. 146-153
    • Mowlds, P.1    Coates, C.2    Renwick, J.3    Kavanagh, K.4
  • 39
    • 38549111944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galleria mellonella and the study of fungal pathogenesis: Making the case for another genetically tractable model host
    • Mylonakis, E. (2008). Galleria mellonella and the study of fungal pathogenesis: making the case for another genetically tractable model host. Mycopathologia 165, 1-39.
    • (2008) Mycopathologia , vol.165 , pp. 1-39
    • Mylonakis, E.1
  • 40
    • 34547613760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploiting amoeboid and non-vertebrate animal model systems to study the virulence of human pathogenic fungi
    • Mylonakis, E., Casadevall, A. and Ausubel, F. M. (2007). Exploiting amoeboid and non-vertebrate animal model systems to study the virulence of human pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathog. 3, 850-865.
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog. , vol.3 , pp. 850-865
    • Mylonakis, E.1    Casadevall, A.2    Ausubel, F.M.3
  • 41
    • 0141789642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis
    • Naglik, J. R., Challacombe, S. J. and Hube, B. (2003). Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67, 400-428.
    • (2003) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 400-428
    • Naglik, J.R.1    Challacombe, S.J.2    Hube, B.3
  • 43
    • 37349015349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system
    • Netea, M. G., Brown, G. D., Kullberg, B. J. and Gow, N. A. R. (2008). An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6, 67-78.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 67-78
    • Netea, M.G.1    Brown, G.D.2    Kullberg, B.J.3    Gow, N.A.R.4
  • 44
    • 70349196502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of antifungal compounds active against Candida albicans using an improved high-throughput Caenorhabditis elegans assay
    • Okoli, I., Coleman, J. J., Tampakakis, E., An, W. F., Holson, E., Wagner, F., Conery, A. L., Larkins-Ford, J., Wu, G., Stern, A. et al. (2009). Identification of antifungal compounds active against Candida albicans using an improved high-throughput Caenorhabditis elegans assay. PLoS ONE 4, 1-8.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. 1-8
    • Okoli, I.1    Coleman, J.J.2    Tampakakis, E.3    An, W.F.4    Holson, E.5    Wagner, F.6    Conery, A.L.7    Larkins-Ford, J.8    Wu, G.9    Stern, A.10
  • 45
    • 36348932146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarray analyses reveal distinct roles for Rel proteins in the Drosophila immune response
    • Pal, S., Wu, J. and Wu, L. P. (2008). Microarray analyses reveal distinct roles for Rel proteins in the Drosophila immune response. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 32, 50-60.
    • (2008) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 50-60
    • Pal, S.1    Wu, J.2    Wu, L.P.3
  • 46
    • 58149148255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal defenses against infectious agents: Is damage control more important than pathogen control?
    • Read, A. F., Graham, A. L. and Råberg, L. (2008). Animal defenses against infectious agents: is damage control more important than pathogen control? PLoS Biol. 6, 2638-2641.
    • (2008) PLoS Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 2638-2641
    • Read, A.F.1    Graham, A.L.2    Råberg, L.3
  • 47
    • 0033711445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rel protein DIF mediates the antifungal but not the antibacterial host defense in Drosophila
    • Rutschmann, S., Jung, A. C., Hetru, C., Reichhart, J.-M., Hoffmann, J. A. and Ferrandon, D. (2000). The Rel protein DIF mediates the antifungal but not the antibacterial host defense in Drosophila. Immunity 12, 569-580.
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.12 , pp. 569-580
    • Rutschmann, S.1    Jung, A.C.2    Hetru, C.3    Reichhart, J.-M.4    Hoffmann, J.A.5    Ferrandon, D.6
  • 48
    • 44949231424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing Real-time PCR Data by the Comparative C-T Method
    • Schmittgen, T. D. and Livak, K. J. (2008). Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C-T method. Nat. Protoc. 3, 1101-1108.
    • (2008) Nat. Protoc. , vol.3 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Schmittgen, T.D.1    Livak, K.J.2
  • 49
    • 63349109504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A C. elegans-based, whole animal, in vivo screen for the identification of antifungal compounds
    • Tampakakis, E., Okoli, I. and Mylonakis. E. (2008). A C. elegans-based, whole animal, in vivo screen for the identification of antifungal compounds. Nat. Protoc. 3, 1925-1931.
    • (2008) Nat. Protoc. , vol.3 , pp. 1925-1931
    • Tampakakis, E.1    Okoli, I.2    Mylonakis, E.3
  • 52
    • 84987266075 scopus 로고
    • A statistical distribution function of wide applicability
    • Weibull, W. (1951). A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J. Appl. Mech. 18, 293-334.
    • (1951) J. Appl. Mech. , vol.18 , pp. 293-334
    • Weibull, W.1
  • 53
    • 4143081347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida morphogenesis and host-pathogen interactions
    • Whiteway, M. and Oberholzer, U. (2004). Candida morphogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7, 350-357.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.7 , pp. 350-357
    • Whiteway, M.1    Oberholzer, U.2
  • 54
    • 45049087047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of real-time PCR gene expression data from independent biological replicates
    • Willems, E., Leyns, L. and Vandesompele, J. (2008). Standardization of real-time PCR gene expression data from independent biological replicates. Anal. Biochem. 379, 127-129.
    • (2008) Anal. Biochem. , vol.379 , pp. 127-129
    • Willems, E.1    Leyns, L.2    Vandesompele, J.3
  • 56
    • 3943093972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study
    • Wisplinghoff, H., Bischoff, T., Tallent, S., Seifert, H., Wenzel, R. and Edmond, M. (2004). Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39, 309-325.
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.39 , pp. 309-325
    • Wisplinghoff, H.1    Bischoff, T.2    Tallent, S.3    Seifert, H.4    Wenzel, R.5    Edmond, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.