Endangerment of "food security" by the impacts of climate change;Gefährdung der "Food Security" durch die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels

Journal fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 253-275

  Brandt, Peter ^a  

^a NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biodiesel; Clathrate; CO2; Food Security; Klimawandel; Kriege; Lachgas; Methan; Weltbev lkerung

Indexed keywords

EID: 79958702222     PISSN: 16615751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00003-011-0685-4     Document Type: Article

References (199)

1. Armah P, Archer A, Phillips GC (2009) Diverse leading to higher food prices: biofuels are not the main factor. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 45: 330-341.
2. Aubret F, Shine R (2010) Thermal plasticity in young snakes: How will climate change affect the thermoregulatory tactics of ectotherms? J Exp Biol 213: 242-248.
3. Bathmann U (2005) Ecological and biogeochemical response of antartic ecosystem to iron fertilization and implications on global carbon cycle. Ocean Polar Res 27: 231-235.
4. Becker N (2008) Influence of climate change on mosquito development and mosquito-borne diseases in Europe. Parasitol Res 103: S19-S28.
5. Beer C, Reichstein M, Tomelleri E, Clais P, Jung M, Carvalhais N, Rodenbeck C, Arain MA, Baldocchi D, Bonan GB, Bondeau A, Cescatti A, Lasslop G, Lindroth A, Lomas M, Luyssart S, Margolis H, Oleson KW, Roupsard O, Veenendaal E, Viovy N, Williams C, Woodward FI, Papale D (2010) Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate. Science 329: 834-837.
6. Bellarby J, Foereid B, Hastings A, Smith P (2008) Cool farming: climate impacts of agriculture and mitigation potential. Greenpeace, Amsterdam.
7. Bloem MW, Semba RD, Kraemer K (2009) Castel Gandolfo workshop: an introduction to the impact of climate change, the economic crisis, and the increase in the food prices on malnutrition. J Nutr 140: 132S-135S.
8. Both C (2010) Flexibility of timing of avian migration to climate change masked by environmental constraints en route. Curr Biol 20: 243-248.
9. Both C, van Turnhout CAM, Bijlsma RG, Siepel H, van Strien AJ, Foppen RPB (2010) Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats. Proc R Soc 277: 1259-1266.
10. Braithwaite RJ (2002) Glacier mass balance: the first 50 years of international monitoring. Prog Phys Geogr 26: 76-95.
11. Brander KM (2007a) Global fish production and climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19709-19714.
12. Brander KM (2007b) Tackling climate change impacts on EU fisheries. El Anzuelo 19: 1.
13. Brandt P (2004) Transgene Pflanzen. Herstellung, Anwendung, Risiken und Richtlinien. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
14. 2 zu minimieren oder gar zu vermeiden? J Verbr Lebensm 4: 151-154.
15. Braun H, Christl M, Rahmstorf S, Ganopolski A, Mangini A, Kubatzki C, Roth K, Kromer B (2005) Possible solar origin of the 1, 470-year glacial climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model. Nature 438: 208-211.
16. Browman H, Boyd PW (2008) Implications of large-scale iron fertilization of the ocean. Marine Ecol Prog 364: 213-309.
17. Buessler KO, Doney SC, Karl DM, Boyd PW, Caldeira K, Chai F, Coale KH, Baar HWJ, Falkowski PG, Johnson KS, Lampitt RS, Michaels AF, Naqvi WA, Smetacek V, Shigenobu Takeda S, Watson AJ (2008) Ocean iron fertilization - moving forward in a sea of uncertainty. Science 319: 162.
18. Burney JA, Davis SJ, Lobell DB (2007) Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 12052-12057.
19. Bushnell D (2010) Conquering climate change. The Futurist, July 5th 2010.
20. Butler CD (2009) Food security in the Asia-Pacific: climate change, phosphorus, ozone and other environmental challenges. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 18: 590-597.
21. Butterworth MH, Semenov MA, Barnes A, Moran D, West JS, Fitt BDL (2010) North-south divide: contrasting impacts of climate change on crop yields in Scotland and England. J R Soc Interface 7: 123-130.
22. Campbell KM, Gulledge J, McNeill JR, Podesta J, Ogden P, Fuerth L, Woolsey J, Lennon ATJ, Smith J, Weitz R, Mix D (2010) Age of consequences: the foreign policy and national security implications of global climate change. Center for a New American Security.
23. Campbell-Lendrum D, Corvalan C, Neira M (2007) Global climate change: implications for international public health policy. Bull World Health Org 85: 161-244.
24. Cao L, Bala G, Caldeira K, Nemani R, Ban-Weiss G (2010) Importance of carbon dioxide physiological forcing to future climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 9513-9518.
25. Carey C (2009) The impacts of climate change on the annual cycles of birds. Phil Trans R Soc 364: 3321-3330.
26. Carpenter S, McArthur C, Selby R, Ward R, Nolan DV, Mordue Luntz AJ, Dallas JF, Tripet F, Mellor PS (2008) Experimental infection studies of UK Culicoides species midges with Bluetongue virus serotypes 8 and 9. Vet Rec 163: 589-592.
27. Carroll AL, Taylor S, Regniere J, Safranyik L (2004) Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia. In: Shore TL, Brooks JE, Stone JE (eds) Mountain pine beetle symposium: challenges and solutions. October 30-31, 2003, Kelowna, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-399, Victoria, pp 223-232.
28. Chakauya E, Beyene G, Chikwamba RK (2009) Food production needs fuel too: perspectives on the impact of biofuels in southern Africa. South African J Sci 105: 174-181.
29. Charmantier A, McCleery RH, Cole LR, Perrins C, Kruuk LEB, Sheldon BC (2008) Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population. Science 320: 800-802.
30. Christian P (2009) Impact of the economic crisis and increase in food prices on child mortality: exploring nutritional pathways. J Nutr 140: 177S-181S.
31. Chylek P, Box JE, Lesins G (2004) Global warming and the Greenland ice sheet. Clim Change 63: 201-221.
32. CNA (2007) National security and the threat of climate change. http://securityandclimate. cna. org/mab/.
33. Coleman FC, Koenig CC (2010) The effects of fishing, climate change, and other anthropogenic disturbances on Red Grouper and other reef fishes in the Gulf of Mexiko. Integr Comp Biol 50: 201-212.
34. Collins WD, Rasch PJ, Boville BA, Hack JJ, McCaa JR, Williamson DL, Kiehl JT, Briegleb B, Bitz C, Lin S-J, Zhang M, Dai Y (2004) Description of the NCAR community atmosphere model. Tech Note NCAR/TN-464 + STR. Natl Cent Atmos Res, Boulder.
35. Compant S, van der Heijden MGA, Sessitsch A (2010) Climate change effects on beneficial plant-microorganism interactions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 73: 197-214.
36. th Assessment Report of IPCC. IPCC, Geneva.
37. Crabbe MJC (2009a) Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. J Exp Bot 60: 2839-2844.
38. Crabbe MJC (2009b) Modelling effects of geoengineering options in response to climate change and global warming: implications for coral reefs. Comput Biol Chem 33: 415-420.
39. Crabbe MJC (2010) Topography and spatial arrangement of reef-building corals on the fringing reefs of North Jamaica may influence their response to disturbance from bleaching. Marine Environ Res 69: 158-162.
40. Crossley S, Faria J, Shen M, Resasco DE (2010) Solid nanoparticles that catalyze biofuel upgrade reactions at the water/oil interface. Science 327: 68-72.
41. 2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 5687-5692.
42. Davis SC, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, de Lucia EH (2009) Life-cycle analysis and the ecology of biofuels. Trends Plant Sci 14: 140-146.
43. 2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science 329: 1330-1333.
44. de Lucia EH, Casteel CL, Nabity PD, O'Neill BF (2008) Insects take a bigger bite out of plants in a warmer, higher carbon dioxide world. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 1781-1782.
45. de Pee S, Brinkman H-J, Webb P, Godfrey S, Darnton-Hill I, Alderman H, Semba RD, Piwoz E, Bloem MW (2009) How to ensure nutrition security in the global economic crisis to protect and enhance development of young children and our common future. J Nutr 140: 138S-142S.
46. Dobner P (2010) Wasserpolitik. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin.
47. DWD (2009) Deutscher Wetterdienst: Klimawandel im Detail - Zahlen und Fakten zum Klima in Deutschland. http://www. dwd. de/bvbw/generator/Sites/DWDWWW/Content/Presse/Pressekonferenzen/2009/PK_ 28_04_09/ZundF_PK_20090428, templateId=raw, property=publicationFile. pdf/ZundF_PK_20090428. pdf.
48. Dyer G (2010) Schlachtfeld Erde. Klett-Cotta.
49. Easterling W, Aggarwal P, Batima P, Brander K, Erda L, Howden M, Kirilenko A, Morton J, Soussana F, Schmidhuber J-F, Tubiello F (2007) In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hansen CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambrigde University Press, Cambrigde, pp 273-313.
50. England MH, Gupta AS, Pitman AJ (2009) Constraining future greenhouse gas emissions by a cumulative target. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 16539-16540.
51. Evans N, Baierl A, Semenov MA, Gladders P, Fitt BDL (2008) Range and severity of a plant disease increased by global warming. J R Soc Interface 5: 525-531.
52. Farell AE, Plevin RJ, Turmer BT, Jones AD, O'Hare M, Kammen DM (2006) Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals. Science 311: 506-508.
53. Feder ME, Garland T, Marden JH, Zera AJ (2010) Locomotion in response to shifting climate zones: not so fast. Ann Rev Physiol 72: 167-190.
54. Feng SZ, Krueger AB, Oppenheimer M (2010) Linkages among climate change, crop yields and Mexico-US cross-border migration. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 107: 14257-14262.
55. Fenning TM, Gershenzon J (2002) Where will the wood come from? Plantation forests and the role of biotechnology. J Trends Biotechnol 20: 273-313.
56. Fenning TM, Walter C, Gartland KMA (2008) Forest biotech and climate change. Nat Biotechnol 26: 615-617.
57. Field CB, Campbell JE, Lobell DB (2008) Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends Ecol Evol 23: 65-72.
58. Forister ML, Shapiro AM (2003) Climatic trends and advancing spring flight of butterflies in lowland California. Global Change Biol 9: 1130-1135.
59. Forister ML, McCall AC, Sanders NJ, Fordyce JA, Thorne JH, O'Brien J, Waetjen DP, Shapiro AM (2010) Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 2088-2092.
60. Friel H (2010) The Lomborg deception: setting the record straight about global warming. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 978-0300161039.
61. Friel S, Dangour AD, Garnett T, Lock K, Chalabi Z, Roberts I, Butler A, Butler CD, Waage J, McMichael AJ, Haines A (2009) Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: food and agriculture. Lancet 374: 2016-2025. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(09)61753-0.
62. Friend AD (2010) Terrestrial plant production and climate change. J Exp Botany 61: 1293-1309.
63. Galazka JM, Tian CG, Beeson WT, Martinez B, Glass NL, Cate JHD (2010) Cellodextrin transport in yeast for improved biofuel production. Science 330: 84-85.
64. Galea S, Nandi A, Vlahov A (2005) The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiologic Rev 27: 78-91.
65. Gerson NL (2007) Statement on UN security council climate change debate from General Gordon Sullivan. Military Advisory Board. http://www. cna. org/news/releases/2007-04-17.
66. Gething PW, Smith DL, Patil AP, Tatem AJ, Snow RW, Hay SI (2010) Climate change and the global malaria recession. Nature 465: 342-345.
67. Gloster J, Burgin L, Witham C, Athanassiadou M, Mellor PS (2008) Bluetongue in the United Kingdom and northern Europe in 2007 and key issues for 2008. Vet Rec 162: 298-302.
68. Godfray HCJ1, Crute IR, Haddad L, Lawrence D, Muir JF, Nisbett N, Pretty J, Robinson S, Toulmin C, Whiteley R (2010) The future of the global food system. Phil Trans R Soc 1554: 2769-2777.
69. Greenwell HC, Laurens LML, Shields RJ, Lovitt RW, Flynn KJ (2010) Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges. J R Soc Interface 7: 703-726.
70. Gregory PJ, Ingram JSI, Campbell B, Goudriaan J, Hunt LA, Landsberg JJ, Linder S, Stafford Smith M, Sutherst RW, Valentin C (1999) Managed production systems. In: Walker B, Steffen W, Canadell J, Ingram JSI (eds) The terrestrial biosphere and global change: implications for natural and managed systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 229-270.
71. Gregory PJ, Johnson SN, Newton AC, Ingram JSI (2009) Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate. J Exp Bot 60: 2827-2838.
72. Haines A, McMichael AJ, Smith KR, Roberts I, Woodcock J, Markandya A, Armstrong BG, Cambell-Lendrum D, Dangour AD, Davies M, Bruce N, Tonne C, Barrett M, Wilkinson P (2009) Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: overview and implications for policy makers. Lancet 374: 2104-2114. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(09)61759-1.
73. Harley D, McMichael A (2008) Global climate change and infectious diseases: Paradigms, impacts, and future challenges. Infect Chemother 40(Suppl 2): S136-S143.
74. Hassall M, Edwards DP, Carmenta R, Derhé MA, Moss A (2010) Predicting the effect of climate change on aggregation behaviour in four species of terrestrial isopods. Behaviour 147: 151-164.
75. Hawkes LA, Broderick AC, Godfrey MH, Godley BJ (2009) Climate change and marine turtles. Endangered Species Res 7: 137-154.
76. Hempel G, Piepenburg D (2010) Nord- und Südpolarmeer im Klimawandel. BIUZ 2010(6): 386-395.
77. Hertel TW, Golub A, Jones AD, O'Hare M, Plevin RJ, Kammen DM (2010) Global commodity trade analysis identifies significant land-use change and greenhouse gas emissions linked to US corn ethanol production. Bioscience 60: 223-231.
78. Hill J, Lehman C, Campbell JE, Lobell DB (2006) Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Science 314: 1598-1600.
79. Hinchee M, Rottmann W, Mullinax L, Zhang C, Chang S, Cunningham M, Pearson L, Nehra N (2010) Short-rotation woody crops for bioenergy and biofuels application. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 45: 619-629. doi: 10. 1007/s11627-009-9235-5.
80. Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno JF (2010) The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 328: 1523-1528.
81. Holmner A, Mackenzie A, Krengel U (2010) Molecular basis of cholera blood-group dependence and implications for a world characterized by climate change. FEBS Lett 584: 2548-2555.
82. Hopkins R (2008) Energiewende. Das Handbuch. Anleitung für zukünftige Lebensweisen. Verlag Zweitausendeins. Frankfurt am Main.
83. Howden SM, Soussana JF, Tubiello FN, Chhetri N, Dunlop M, Meinke H (2007) Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19691-19696.
84. Idel A (2010) Die Kuh ist kein Klima-Killer! Wie die Agrarindustrie die Erde verwüstet und was wir dagegen tun könnten. Metropolis Verlag, Marburg.
85. Immerzeel WW, van Beek LPH, Bierkens MFP (2010) Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science 328: 1382-1385.
86. Ingendahl B (2010) Die gesundheitlichen Folgen des Klimawandels und die deutsche Anpassungs-strategie an den Klimawandel (DAS). Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Internationales UBA/BMU Fachgespräch: 9-10 November 2009. Berlin-Dahlem, UBA, Dessau.
87. IPCC (1995) Climate change 1995. Science of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
88. IPCC (2001) Climate change 2001. The scientific basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
89. IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007. The IPCC 4th assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Working Groups I, II, and III. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
90. Jonas M, Staeger T, Schönwiese C-D (2005) Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeiten für das Eintreten von Extremereignissen durch Klimaänderungen - Schwerpunkt Deutsch- land. Climate Change - Forschungsbericht 07/05. Umweltbundesamt, Dessau.
91. Kauserud H, Heegaard E, Semenov MA, Boddy L, Halvorsen R, Stige LC, Sparks TH, Gange AC, Stenseth NC (2010) Climate change and spring-fruiting fungi. Proc R Soc 277: 1169-1177.
92. Kellogg J, Wang J, Flint C, Ribnicky D, Kuhn P, de Mejia EG, Raskin I, Lila MA (2010) Alaskan wild berry resources and human health under the cloud of climate change. J Agric Food Chem 58: 3884-3900.
93. Kimmig P, Pluta S, Naucke T (2010) Globale Erwärmung: Infektionsgefahr aus dem Süden. Biol Unserer Zeit 40: 21-28.
94. Kirilenko AP, Sedjo RA (2007) Climate change impacts on forestry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19697-19702.
95. Kissling WD, Field R, Korntheuer H, Heyder U, Böhning-Gaese K (2010) Woody plants and the prediction of climate-change impacts on bird diversity. Phil Trans R Soc 365: 2035-2045.
96. Kohse-Höinghaus K, Oßwald P, Cool TA, Kasper T, Hansen N, Qi F, Westbrook CK, Westmoreland PR (2010) Biofuel combustion chemistry: from ethanol to biodiesel. Angew Chem Int Ed 49: 3572-3597.
97. La Sorte FA, Jetz W (2010) Avian distribution under climate change: towards improved projections. J Exp Bot 213: 862-869.
98. Lake IR, Gillespie IA, Bentham G, Nichols GL, Lane C, Adak GK, Threlfall EJ (2009) A re-evaluation of the impact of temperature and climate change on foodborne illness. Epidemiol Infect 137: 1538-1547.
99. Lange JP, Lewandowski I, Ayoub PM (2010a) Cellulosic biofuels: a sustainable option for transportation. In: Harmsen J, Powell JP (eds) Sustainable development in the process industries. Cases and impact. Willey, pp 171-198.
100. Lange JP, Price R, Ayoub PM, Louis J, Petrus L, Clarke L, Gosselink H (2010b) Valeric biofuels: a platform of cellulosic transportation fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed 49: 4479-4483.
101. Lapola DM, Schaldach R, Alcamo J, Bondeau A, Koch J, Koelking C, Priess JA (2010) Indirect land-use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in Brazil. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107: 3388-3393.
102. Lenton TM, Held H, Kriegler E, Hall JW, Lucht W, Rahmstorf S, Schellnhuber HJ (2008) Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 1786-1793.
103. Ling SD, Johnson CR, Frusher SD, Ridgway KR (2010) Overfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0907529106.
104. Llewellyn LE (2010) Revisiting the association between sea surface temperature and the epidemiology of fish poisoning in the South Pacific: reassessing the link between ciguatera and climate change. Toxicon 56: 691-697.
105. Lomberg B (2001) The sceptical environmentalist. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
106. Lomborg B (2007) Cool it: The sceptical environmentalist's guide to global warming. Alfred A. Knopf Publishing Group, New York. ISBN 0-307266923.
107. Mahecha M, Reichstein M, Carvalhais N, Lasslop G, Lange H, Seneviratne SI, Vargas R, Ammann C, Arain MA, Cescatti A, Janssens IA, Migliavacca M, Montagnani L, Richardson AD (2010) Global convergence in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at ecosystem level. Science 329: 838-840.
108. Malhi Y, Aragao LEOC, Galbraith D, Huntingford C, Fisher R, Zelazowski P, Sitch S, McSweeney C, Meir P (2009) Exploring the likelihood and mechanism of a climate-change-induced dieback of the Amazon rainforest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 20610-22615.
109. Mallela J, Crabbe MJC (2009) Hurricanes and coral bleaching linked to changes in coral recruitment in Tobago. Marine Environ Res 68: 158-162.
110. Marjorie L, Reaka-Kudla X, Wilson DE, Wilson EO (1997) Biodiversity 11, Understanding and protecting our biological resources. In: Modeling economic management and policy issues of water in irrigated agriculture. National Acad Press, Washington, DC.
111. Marshall G, Schell T, Elliott M, Rayburn N, Jaycox L (2007) Psychiatric disorders among adults seeking emergency disaster assistance after a wildland-urban interface fire. Psychiatr Serv 58: 509-514.
112. McKeon GM, Howden SM, Abel NOJ, King JM (1993) Climate change: adapting tropical and subtropical grasslands. In: Proceedings of the XVII International Grasslands Congress, Palmerston North, New Zealand. SIR Publishing, Wellington, pp 1181-1190.
113. McKinlay JB, Harwood CS (2010) Photobiological production of hydrogen gas as a biofuel. Curr Opin Biotechnol 21: 244-251.
114. McMichael AJ, Butler CD (2009) Climate change and human health: recognising the really inconvenient truth. MJA 191: 595-596.
115. McMichael AJ, Neira M, Bertollini R, Campbell-Lendrum D, Hales S (2009) Climate change: a time of need and opportunity for the health sector. Lancet 374: 2123-2125.
116. Meerburg BG, Verhagen A, Jongschaap REE, Franke AC, Schaap BF, Dueck TA, van der Werf A (2009) Do nonlinear temperature effects indicate severe damages to US crop yields under climate change? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: E120.
117. Melitto JM, Reilly JM, Kicklighter DW, Gurgel AC, Cronin TW, Paltsev S, Felzer BS, Wang X, Sokolov AP, Schlosser CA (2009) Indirect emissions from biofuels: how important? Science 326: 1397-1399.
118. Menne B (2010) Protecting health in Europe from climate change: allergic disorders. Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Internationales UBA/BMU Fachgespräch: 9-10 November 2009, Berlin-Dahlem UBA, Dessau.
119. Milinski M, Sommerfeld RD, Krambeck HJ, Reed FA, Marotzke J (2008) The collective-risk social dilemma and the prevention of simulated dangerous climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 2291-2294.
120. Miraglia M, Marvin HJP, Kleter GA, Battilani P, Brera C, Coni E, Cubadda F, Croci L, de Santis B, Dekkers S, Filippi L, Hutjes RWA, Noordam MY, Pisante M, Piva G, Prandini A, Toti L, van den Born GJ, Vespermann A (2009) Climate change and food safety: an emerging issue with special focus on Europe. Food Chem Toxicol 47: 1009-1021.
121. 2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 20616-20621.
122. Monteiro CA, Mondini L, Costa RB (2000) Changes in composition and appropriate nutrition of family diet in the metropolitan areas of Brazil (1988-1996). Rev Saude Publica 34: 251-258.
123. Morton JF (2007) The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19680-19685.
124. Moss RH, Edmonds JA, Hibbard KA, Manning MR, Rose SK, van Vuuren DP, Carter TR, Emori S, Kainuma M, Kram T, Meehl GA, Mitchell JFB, Nakicenovic N, Riahi K, Smith SJ, Stouffer RJ, Thomson AM, Weyant JP, Wilbanks TJ (2010) The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature 463: 747-756. doi: 10. 1038/nature08823.
125. Norris F, Friedman M, Watson P, Byrne C, Diez E, Kaniasty K (2002) 60000 disaster victims speak: part 1. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry 65: 207-239.
126. Oleson KW, Niu G-Y, Yang Z-Y, Lawrence DM, Thornton PE, Lawrence PJ, Stockli R, Dickinson RE, Bonan GB, Levis S, Dai A, Qian T (2008) Improvements to the community land model and their impact on the hydrological cycle. J Geophys Res 113: G01021.
127. Oreskens N, Conway EM (2010) Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the thruth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
128. Page LA, Howard LM (2010) The impact of climate change on mental health (but will mental health be discussed at Copenhagen?). Psychol Med 40: 177-180.
129. Paldy A (2009) Climate change and health - challenges for Hungary. Proc ASEM workshop on sharing experiences on preparedness to response to global climate change and emerging diseases. Nov 4-5, 2009. Hanoi, Vietnam.
130. Parham PE, Michael E (2010) Modelling the effects of weather and climate change on Malaria transmission. Environ Health Perspect 118: 620-626.
131. Parson EA, Corell RW, Barron EJ, Burkett V, Vanetos A, Joyce L, Karl TR, MacCracken MC, Melillo J, Morgan MG, Schimel DS, Wilbanks T (2003) Understanding climatic impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the United States: building a capacity for assessment. Clim Chang 57: 9-42.
132. Pelini SL, Dzurisin JKD, Prior KM, Williams CM, Marsico TD, Sinclair BJ, Hellmann JJ (2009) Translocation experiments with butterflies reveal limits to enhancement of poleward populations under climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 11160-11165.
133. 3-enriched atmospheres. Nature 420: 403-407.
134. Popkin B, Du S (2003) Dynamics of the nutrition transition towards the animal foods sector in China and its implications: a worried perspective. J Nutr 133: 3898S-3906S.
135. Popkin B, Horton S, Kim S, Mahal A, Shuigao J (2001) Trends in diet, nutritional status, and diet-related noncommunicable transition. Nutr Rev 59: 379-390.
136. Rahmstorf S (1999) Shifting seas in the greenhouse? Nature 399: 523-524.
137. Reijnders L (2009) Are forestation, biochar and landfillid biomass adequate offsets for the climate effects of burning fossil fuels? Energy Policy 37: 2839-2841.
138. Richels RG, Tol RSJ, Yohe GW (2008) Future scenarios for emissions need continual adjustment. Nature 453: 155.
139. Ricketts TH, Soares-Filho B, da Fonseca GAB, Nepstad D, Pfaff A, Petsonk A, Anderson A, Boucher D, Cattaneo A, Conte M, Creighton K, Linden L, Maretti C, Moutinho P, Ullman R, Victurine R (2010) Indigenous lands, protected areas, and slowing climate change. PLoS Biol 8: e1000331.
140. Rohde G (2008) The effects of air pollution and climate change on pulmonary diseases. Deut Med Wochenschr 133: 733-736.
141. Romm J (2008) IPCC's climate-policy assumptions were justified. Nature 453: 155.
142. Röttig A, Wenning L, Bröker D, Steinbüchel A (2010) Fatty acid alkyl esters: Perspectives for production of alternative biofuels. Appl Microb Biotechnol 83: 1713-1733.
143. Ruel MT, Garrett JL, Hawkes C, Cohen MJ (2009) The food, fuel, and financial crises affect the urban and rural poor disproportionately: a review of the evidence. J Nutr 140: 170S-176S.
144. Russell RC, Currie BJ, Lindsay MD, Mackenzie JS, Ritchie SA, Whelan PI (2009) Dengue and climate change in Australia: predictions for the future should incorporate knowledge from the past. Med J Aust 190: 265-267.
145. Santer BD, Wigley TM, Mears C, Wentz FJ, Klein SA, Seidel DJ, Taylor KE, Thorne PW, Wehner MF, Gleckler PJ, Boyle JS, Collins WD, Dixon KW, Doutriaux C, Free M, Fu Q, Hansen JE, Jones GS, Ruedy R, Karl TR, Lanzante JR, Meehl GA, Ramaswamy V, Russell G, Schmidt GA (2005) Amplification of surface temperature trends and variability in the tropical atmosphere. Science 309: 1551-1556.
146. Santer BD, Wigley ML, Gleckler PJ, Bonfils C, Wehner MF, Achuta Rao K, Barnett TP, Boyle JS, Brüggemann W, Fiorino M, Gillett N, Hansen JE, Jones PD, Klein SA, Meehl GA, Raper SCB, Reynolds RW, Taylor KE, Washington WM (2006) Forced and unforced ocean temperature changes in Atlantic and Pacific tropical cyclogenesis regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 13905-13910.
147. Santer BD, Mears C, Wentz FJ, Taylor KE, Gleckler PJ, Wigley TML, Barnett TP, Boyle JS, Brüggemann W, Gillett NP, Klein SA, Meehl GA, Nozawa T, Pierce DW, Stott PA, Washington WM, Wehner MF (2007) Identification of human-induced changes in atmospheric moisture content. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 15248-15253.
148. Santer BD, Taylor KE, Gleckler PJ, Bonfils C, Barnett TP, Pierce DW, Wigley TML, Mears C, Wentz FJ, Brüggemann W, Gillett NP, Klein SA, Solomon S, Stott PA, Wehner MF (2009) Incorporating model quality information in climate change detection and attribution studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 14778-14783.
149. Scherrer D, Körner C (2010) Topographically controlled thermal-habitat differentiation buffers alpine plant diversity against climate warming. J Biogeogr 38: 406-416. doi: 10. 1111/j1365-2699. 2010. 02407. x.
150. Schmidhuber J, Tubiello FN (2007) Global food security under climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19703-19708.
151. Schmitz PM, Kavallari A (2009) Crop plants versus energy plants - on the international food crisis. Bioorganic Med Chem 17: 4020-4021.
152. Schröder W, Schmidt G (2008) Spatial modelling of the potential temperature-dependent transmission of vector-associated diseases in the face of climate change: main results and recommendations from a pilot study in Lower Saxony (Germany). Parasitol Res 103: S55-S64.
153. Semenov MA, Halford NG (2010) Identifying target traits and molecular mechanisms for wheat breeding under a changing climate. J Exp Bot 60: 2791-2804.
154. Sheehan JJ (2009) Biofuels and the conundrum of sustainability. Curr Opin Biotech 20: 318-324.
155. Shuman EK (2010) Global climate change and infectious diseases. N Engl J Med 316: 1061-1063.
156. Sinclair TR (2009) Taking measure of biofuel limits. Am Sci 97: 400-407.
157. Singarayer JS, Ridgwell A, Irvine P (2010) Assessing the benefits of crop albedo bio-geoengineering. Environ Res Lett (in press).
158. Slenning BD (2010) Global climate change and implications for disease emergence. Vet Pathol 47: 28-33.
159. Smith KR, Jerrett M, Anderson HR, Burnett RT, Stone V, Derwent R, Atkinson RW, Cohen A, Schonkoff SB, Krewski D, Pope CA, Thun MJ, Thurston G (2009) Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: Health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants. Lancet 374: 2091-2103. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(09)6176-5.
160. Soares-Filho B, Moutinho P, Nepstad D, Anderson A, Rodrigues H, Garcia R, Dietzsch L, Merry F, Bowman M, Hissa L, Silvestrini R, Maretti C (2010) Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 10821-10826.
161. Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Marquis M, Averyt K, Tignor MMB, LeRoy Miller H, Chen Z (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, New York.
162. Soussana JF, Graux AI, Tubiello FN (2010) Improving the use of modelling for projections of climate change impacts on crops and pastures. J Exp Bot 61: 2217-2230.
163. Starfinger U (2010) Ausbreitung von Ambrosia in Deutschland - Gefahr für Gesundheit und Biodiversität? Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Internationales UBA/BMU Fachgespräch: 9-10 November 2009, Berlin-Dahlem, UBA, Dessau.
164. Sullivan GR (2007) National security and the threat of climate change. http://securityandclimate. cna. org/mab/v.
165. Summerhayes C (2010) Climate change: a creeping catastrophe. Bull WHO 88: 410-411.
166. Summers BA (2009) Climate change and animal disease. Vet Pathol 46: 1185-1186.
167. Tilman D, Hill J, Lehman C (2006) Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Science 314: 1598-1600.
168. Tingley MW, Monahan WB, Beissinger SR, Moritz C (2009) Birds track their Grinnellian niche through a century of climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 19637-19643.
169. Tomanek L (2008) The importance of physiological limits in determining biogeographical range shifts due to global climate change: the heat-shock response. Physiol Biochem Zool 81: 709-717.
170. Tomanek L (2010) Variation in the heat shock response and its implication for predicting the effect of global climate change on species′ biogeographical distribution ranges and metabolic costs. J Exp Biol 213: 971-979.
171. Tubiello FN, Soussana JF, Howden SM (2007) Crop and pasture response to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19686-19690.
172. UNFCCC (1992) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. New York, United Nations. http://unfccc. int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng. pdf.
173. UNFCCC (2009) Submissions by parties to the ad-hoc working group on long-term cooperative action. http://unfcc. int/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/ca/items/4578. php.
174. USMC (2007) Zinni AC: National security and climate change. Zitiert in Dyer G (2010) Schlachtfeld Erde. Klett-Cotta.
175. van den Berg B, Grievink L, Yzermans J, Lebret E (2005) Medically unexplained physical symptoms in the aftermath of disasters. Epidemiol Rev 27: 92-106.
176. van der Putten WH, Macel M, Visser ME (2010) Predicting species distribution and abundance responses to climate change: Why it is essential to include biotic interactions across trophic levels. Phil Trans R Soc 365: 2025-2034.
177. Vega-Sanchez ME, Ronald PC (2010) Genetic and biotechnological approaches for biofuel crop improvement. Curr Opin Biotechnol 21: 218-224.
178. Visser ME (2008) Keeping up with a warming world; assessing the rate of adaptation to climate change. Proc R Soc B 275: 649-659.
179. von Blottnitz H, Curran M (2007) A review of assessments conducted on bio-ethanol as a transportation fuel from a net energy, greenhouse gas, and environmental life cycle perspective. J Clean Prod 15: 607-619.
180. Walther G-R (2010) Community and ecosystem responses to recent climate change. Phil Trans R Soc B 365: 2019-2024.
181. 2. Nature 407: 730-733.
182. WCED (1987) Our common future: A report of the United Nations′ World Commission on environment and development. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
183. Webb P (2009) Medium- to long-run implications of high food prices for global nutrition. J Nutr 140: 143S-147S.
184. Welbergen JA, Klose SM, Markus N, Eby P (2008) Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes. Proc R Soc B 275: 419-425.
185. Wen F, Nair NU, Zhao H (2009) Protein engineering in designing tailored enzymes and microorganisms for biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20: 412-419.
186. Wiens JA, Stralberg D, Jongsomjit D, Howell CA, Snyder MA (2009a) Niches, models, and climate change: assessing the assumptions and uncertainties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(Suppl 2): 19729-19736.
187. Wiens JA, Stralberg D, Jongsomjit D, Howell CA, Snyder MA (2009b) Supporting Information. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(Suppl 2): 19737-19742.
188. Wilson EO (1998) To what end? Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. Knopf AA, pp 266-298.
189. Wilson SK, Adjeroud M, Bellwood DR, Berumen ML, Booth D, Bozec Y-M, Chabanet P, Cheal A, Cinner J, Depczynski M, Feary DA, Gagliano M, Graham NAJ, Halford AR, Halpern BS, Harborne AR, Hoey AS, Holbrook SJ, Jones GP, Kulbiki M, Letourneur Y, de Loma TL, McClanahan T, McCormick MI, Meekan MG, Mumby PJ, Munday PL, Öhman MC, Pratchett MS, Riegi B, Sano M, Schmitt RJ, Syms C (2010) Crucial knowledge gaps in current understanding of climate change impacts on coral reef fishes. J Exp Bot 213: 894-900.
190. Witt MJ, Hawkes LA, Godfrey MH, Godley BJ, Broderick AC (2010) Predicting the impacts of climate change on a globally distributed species: the case of loggerhead turtle. J Exp Bot 213: 901-911.
191. Wood R (2008) Climate change-natural ups and downs. Nature 453: 43-44.
192. 2 forcing in a climate model. Nature 399: 572-575.
193. Woodcock J, Edwards P, Tonne C, Armstrong BG, Ashiru O, Banister D, Beevers S, Chalabi Z, Chowdhury Z, Cohen A, Franco OH, Haines A, Hickman R, Lindsay G, Mittal I, Mohan D, Tiwari G, Woodward A, Roberts I (2009) Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: urban land transport. Lancet 374: 1930-1943.
194. World Bank (2008) World development report 2008; agriculture for development. Washington, DC.
195. Yu EH, Himuro Y, Takai M, Ishibara K (2010) Feasibility study of introducing redox property by modification of PMBN polymer for biofuel cell applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160: 1094-1101.
196. Zahn M, von Storch H (2010) Decreased frequency of North Antlantic polar lows associated with future climate warming. Nature 467: 309-312.
197. Zebisch M, Grothmann T, Schröter D, Hasse C, Fritsch U, Cramer W (2005) Klimawandel in Deutschland. Vulnerabilität und Anpassungsstrategien klimasensitiver Systeme. Climate Change-Forschungsbericht 08/05. Umweltbundesamt, Dessau.
198. Zhu JY, Pan XJ, Zalesny RS (2010) Pretreatment of woody biomass for biofuel production: energy effiency, technologies, and recalcitrance. Appl Microb Biotechnol 87: 847-858.
199. Zickfeld K, Eby M, Matthews D, Weaver AJ (2009) Setting cumulative emissions targets to reduce the risk of dangerous climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 16129-16134.