메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 888-921

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Author keywords

American Diabetic Association (ADA); Antenatal care in a diabetic p regnancy; Classification of diabetes in pregnancy; Clinical science and epidemiology of diabetes in pregnancy; Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY); Metabolic adaptation to pregnancy; Metabolic changes in pregnancy in women with diabetes; National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); Risks of pregnancy for the mother with diabetes

Indexed keywords


EID: 79958184172     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444324808.ch53     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (5)

References (405)
  • 1
    • 0041436611 scopus 로고
    • St. Vincent Declaration. Diabetic care and research in Europe
    • St. Vincent Declaration. Diabetic care and research in Europe. Diabet Med 1990; 7: 360.
    • (1990) Diabet Med , vol.7 , pp. 360
  • 2
    • 84885978076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health: Pregnancy in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2002-03, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. CEMACH: London
    • Modder J, ed. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health: Pregnancy in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2002-03, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. CEMACH: London, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Modder, J.1
  • 3
    • 84869103036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, Diabetes in Pregnancy: Are we providing the best care?
    • ed. CEMACH: London
    • Modder J, ed. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, Diabetes in Pregnancy: Are we providing the best care? Findings of a National Enquiry: England, Wales and Northern Ireland. CEMACH: London, 2007.
    • (2007) Findings of a National Enquiry: England, Wales and Northern Ireland
    • Modder, J.1
  • 4
    • 44649090496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care
    • Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, Catalano PM, Conway DL, Coustan DR, et al. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1060-1079.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 1060-1079
    • Kitzmiller, J.L.1    Block, J.M.2    Brown, F.M.3    Catalano, P.M.4    Conway, D.L.5    Coustan, D.R.6
  • 5
    • 41649113753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guideline Development Group.Management of diabetes from preconception to the postnatal period: summary of NICE guidance
    • Guideline Development Group. Management of diabetes from preconception to the postnatal period: summary of NICE guidance. Br Med J 2008; 336: 714-717.
    • (2008) Br Med J , vol.336 , pp. 714-717
  • 8
    • 33744998870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes identifies women at risk for permanent type 1 and type 2 diabetes in fertile age: predictive role of autoantibodies
    • Jarvela IY, Juutinen J, Koskela P, Hartikainen AL, Kulmala P, Knip M, et al. Gestational diabetes identifies women at risk for permanent type 1 and type 2 diabetes in fertile age: predictive role of autoantibodies. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 607-612.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 607-612
    • Jarvela, I.Y.1    Juutinen, J.2    Koskela, P.3    Hartikainen, A.L.4    Kulmala, P.5    Knip, M.6
  • 10
    • 10244270657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of a missense mutation of the glucokinase gene in gestational diabetic patients due to a founder-effect in a local population
    • Saker PJ, Hattersley AT, Barrow B, Hammersley MS, McLellan JA, Lo YM, et al. High prevalence of a missense mutation of the glucokinase gene in gestational diabetic patients due to a founder-effect in a local population. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1325-1328.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1325-1328
    • Saker, P.J.1    Hattersley, A.T.2    Barrow, B.3    Hammersley, M.S.4    McLellan, J.A.5    Lo, Y.M.6
  • 11
    • 0034000635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high prevalence of glucokinase mutations in gestational diabetic subjects selected by clinical criteria
    • Ellard S, Beards F, Allen LI, Shepherd M, Ballantyne E, Harvey R, et al. A high prevalence of glucokinase mutations in gestational diabetic subjects selected by clinical criteria. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 250-253.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 250-253
    • Ellard, S.1    Beards, F.2    Allen, L.I.3    Shepherd, M.4    Ballantyne, E.5    Harvey, R.6
  • 12
    • 34447129042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop: Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
    • Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, de Leiva A, Dunger DB, Hadden DR, et al. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop: Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 (Suppl 2): 251-260.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 251-260
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Buchanan, T.A.2    Coustan, D.R.3    de Leiva, A.4    Dunger, D.B.5    Hadden, D.R.6
  • 15
    • 0032921928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Catalano PM, Huston L, Amini SB, Kalhan SC. Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180: 903-916.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , pp. 903-916
    • Catalano, P.M.1    Huston, L.2    Amini, S.B.3    Kalhan, S.C.4
  • 16
    • 2342519580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence of diabetes after gestational diabetes: a long-term follow-up in a Danish population
    • Lauenborg J, Hansen T, Jensen DM, Vestergaard H, Mølsted-Pedersen L, Hornnes P, et al. Increasing incidence of diabetes after gestational diabetes: a long-term follow-up in a Danish population. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1194-1199.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1194-1199
    • Lauenborg, J.1    Hansen, T.2    Jensen, D.M.3    Vestergaard, H.4    Mølsted-Pedersen, L.5    Hornnes, P.6
  • 17
    • 0000315658 scopus 로고
    • Infants of mother with diabetes
    • White P. Infants of mother with diabetes. Am J Med 1949; 7: 609-616.
    • (1949) Am J Med , vol.7 , pp. 609-616
    • White, P.1
  • 18
    • 0001066807 scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes and the White classification
    • Hare JW, White P. Gestational diabetes and the White classification. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 394.
    • (1980) Diabetes Care , vol.3 , pp. 394
    • Hare, J.W.1    White, P.2
  • 19
    • 0001993369 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of the outcome of pregnancies in diabetics: a new classification
    • Pedersen J, Mølsted-Pedersen LM. Prognosis of the outcome of pregnancies in diabetics: a new classification. Acta Endocr 1965; 50: 70-78.
    • (1965) Acta Endocr , vol.50 , pp. 70-78
    • Pedersen, J.1    Mølsted-Pedersen, L.M.2
  • 20
    • 84982038674 scopus 로고
    • A serial study of changes occurring in the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy
    • Lind T, Billewicz WZ, Brown G. A serial study of changes occurring in the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1973; 80: 1033-1039.
    • (1973) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw , vol.80 , pp. 1033-1039
    • Lind, T.1    Billewicz, W.Z.2    Brown, G.3
  • 21
    • 0013588114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological reduction in fasting plasma glucose concentration in the first trimester of normal pregnancy: the diabetes in early pregnancy study
    • Mills JL, Jovanovic L, Knopp R, Aarons J, Conley M, Park E, et al. Physiological reduction in fasting plasma glucose concentration in the first trimester of normal pregnancy: the diabetes in early pregnancy study. Metabolism 1998; 47: 1140-1144.
    • (1998) Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Mills, J.L.1    Jovanovic, L.2    Knopp, R.3    Aarons, J.4    Conley, M.5    Park, E.6
  • 22
    • 0001262644 scopus 로고
    • Plasma insulin in normal late pregnancy
    • Spellacy WN, Goetz FC. Plasma insulin in normal late pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1963; 268: 988-991.
    • (1963) N Engl J Med , vol.268 , pp. 988-991
    • Spellacy, W.N.1    Goetz, F.C.2
  • 23
    • 0026332033 scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity in pregnancy
    • Cousins L. Insulin sensitivity in pregnancy. Diabetes 1991; 40 (Suppl 2): 39-43.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 39-43
    • Cousins, L.1
  • 24
    • 0018772227 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes in pregnancy relevant to diabetes mellitus
    • Lind T. Metabolic changes in pregnancy relevant to diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med J 1979; 55: 353-357.
    • (1979) Postgrad Med J , vol.55 , pp. 353-357
    • Lind, T.1
  • 25
    • 0025208358 scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity and ß-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes
    • Buchanan TA, Metzger BE, Freinkel N, Bergman RN. Insulin sensitivity and ß-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1008-1114.
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.162 , pp. 1008-1114
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Metzger, B.E.2    Freinkel, N.3    Bergman, R.N.4
  • 26
    • 0027459085 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes
    • Catalano PM, Tyzbir ED, Wolfe RR, Calles J, Roman NM, Amini SB, et al. Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes. Am J Physiol 1993; 264:E60-67.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Catalano, P.M.1    Tyzbir, E.D.2    Wolfe, R.R.3    Calles, J.4    Roman, N.M.5    Amini, S.B.6
  • 27
    • 0030988703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E decreases the occurrence of malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats
    • Siman C, Eriksson U. Vitamin E decreases the occurrence of malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1054-1061.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Siman, C.1    Eriksson, U.2
  • 28
    • 0018182423 scopus 로고
    • A morphological study of the endocrine pancreas in human pregnancy
    • Van Assche FA, Aerts L, De Prins F. A morphological study of the endocrine pancreas in human pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 85: 818-820.
    • (1978) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.85 , pp. 818-820
    • Van Assche, F.A.1    Aerts, L.2    De Prins, F.3
  • 29
    • 0034457490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: Postnatal pancreatic beta cell growth
    • Bonner-Weir S. Perspective: Postnatal pancreatic beta cell growth. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 1926-1929.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 1926-1929
    • Bonner-Weir, S.1
  • 31
    • 0019241940 scopus 로고
    • Banting Lecture 1980: Of pregnancy and progeny
    • Freinkel N. Banting Lecture 1980: Of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes 1980; 29: 1023-1035.
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 1023-1035
    • Freinkel, N.1
  • 32
    • 0033000073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on fat metabolism during and after normal pregnancy
    • Sivan E, Homko CJ, Chen X, Reece EA, Boden G. Effect of insulin on fat metabolism during and after normal pregnancy. Diabetes 1999; 48 (4): 834-838.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 834-838
    • Sivan, E.1    Homko, C.J.2    Chen, X.3    Reece, E.A.4    Boden, G.5
  • 34
    • 0030813436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy obese pregnant women
    • Sivan E, Chen X, Homko CJ, Reece EA, Boden G. Longitudinal study of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy obese pregnant women. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1470-1475.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 1470-1475
    • Sivan, E.1    Chen, X.2    Homko, C.J.3    Reece, E.A.4    Boden, G.5
  • 35
    • 0023109429 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated starvation in pregnancy: implications for dietary treatment of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Metzger BE, Freinkel N. Accelerated starvation in pregnancy: implications for dietary treatment of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biol Neonate 1987; 51: 78-85.
    • (1987) Biol Neonate , vol.51 , pp. 78-85
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Freinkel, N.2
  • 36
    • 0014479845 scopus 로고
    • Effect of human placental lactogen on the isolated islets of Langerhans
    • Martin JW, Friesen HG. Effect of human placental lactogen on the isolated islets of Langerhans. Endocrinology 1969; 84: 619-622.
    • (1969) Endocrinology , vol.84 , pp. 619-622
    • Martin, J.W.1    Friesen, H.G.2
  • 37
    • 0023477366 scopus 로고
    • Role of placental lactogen and prolactin in human pregnancy
    • Handwerger S, Freemark M. Role of placental lactogen and prolactin in human pregnancy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1987; 219: 399-420.
    • (1987) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.219 , pp. 399-420
    • Handwerger, S.1    Freemark, M.2
  • 39
    • 0034085135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development
    • Handwerger S, Freemark M. The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13: 343-356.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.13 , pp. 343-356
    • Handwerger, S.1    Freemark, M.2
  • 42
    • 27844460627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased P85alpha is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle insulin signaling and induces in vivo insulin resistance associated with growth hormone excess
    • Barbour LA, Mizanoor Rahman S, Gurevich I, Leitner JW, Fischer SJ, Roper MD, et al. Increased P85alpha is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle insulin signaling and induces in vivo insulin resistance associated with growth hormone excess. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 37489-37494.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 37489-37494
    • Barbour, L.A.1    Mizanoor Rahman, S.2    Gurevich, I.3    Leitner, J.W.4    Fischer, S.J.5    Roper, M.D.6
  • 44
    • 33744945757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectin in human pregnancy: implications for regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism
    • Catalano PM, Hoegh M, Minium J, Huston-Presley L, Bernard S, Kalhan S, et al. Adiponectin in human pregnancy: implications for regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1677-1685.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 1677-1685
    • Catalano, P.M.1    Hoegh, M.2    Minium, J.3    Huston-Presley, L.4    Bernard, S.5    Kalhan, S.6
  • 47
    • 0028121067 scopus 로고
    • Insulin requirements during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes
    • Steel J, Johnstone FD, Hume R, Mao JH. Insulin requirements during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 253-258.
    • (1994) Obstet Gynecol , vol.83 , pp. 253-258
    • Steel, J.1    Johnstone, F.D.2    Hume, R.3    Mao, J.H.4
  • 48
    • 0014965180 scopus 로고
    • Starvation in human pregnancy, hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinaemia and hyperketonaemia
    • Felig P, Lynch V. Starvation in human pregnancy, hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinaemia and hyperketonaemia. Science 1970; 170: 990-992.
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 990-992
    • Felig, P.1    Lynch, V.2
  • 50
    • 0035656148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of insulin pumps in pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in a multiethnic community
    • Simmons D, Thompson CF, Conroy C, Scott DJ. Use of insulin pumps in pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in a multiethnic community. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 2078-2082.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 2078-2082
    • Simmons, D.1    Thompson, C.F.2    Conroy, C.3    Scott, D.J.4
  • 52
    • 33645111225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Kitabchi AE. Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 350-357.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 350-357
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Smiley, D.2    Kitabchi, A.E.3
  • 53
    • 0028836079 scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretion and sensitivity in women fulfilling WHO criteria for gestational diabetes
    • Nicholls JS, Chan SP, Ali K, Beard RW, Dornhorst A. Insulin secretion and sensitivity in women fulfilling WHO criteria for gestational diabetes. Diabetic Med 1995; 12: 56-60.
    • (1995) Diabetic Med , vol.12 , pp. 56-60
    • Nicholls, J.S.1    Chan, S.P.2    Ali, K.3    Beard, R.W.4    Dornhorst, A.5
  • 54
    • 0030777647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pronounced insulin resisitance and inadequate ß-cell secretion characterizes lean gestational diabetes diabetes during and after pregnancy
    • Kautzky-Willer A, Prager R, Waldhausl W, Pacini G, Thomaseth K, Wagner OF, et al. Pronounced insulin resisitance and inadequate ß-cell secretion characterizes lean gestational diabetes diabetes during and after pregnancy. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1717-1723.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 1717-1723
    • Kautzky-Willer, A.1    Prager, R.2    Waldhausl, W.3    Pacini, G.4    Thomaseth, K.5    Wagner, O.F.6
  • 55
    • 0019303280 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gestational diabetes on diurnal profiles of plasma glucose, lipids and individual amino acids
    • Metzger BE, Phelps RL, Freinkel N, Navickas IA. Effects of gestational diabetes on diurnal profiles of plasma glucose, lipids and individual amino acids. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 402-409.
    • (1980) Diabetes Care , vol.3 , pp. 402-409
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Phelps, R.L.2    Freinkel, N.3    Navickas, I.A.4
  • 56
    • 0028047208 scopus 로고
    • Increased maternal fasting proinsulin as a predictor of insulin requirement in women with gestational diabetes
    • Nicholls JS, Ali K, Gray IP, Andres C, Niththyananthan R, Beard RW, et al. Increased maternal fasting proinsulin as a predictor of insulin requirement in women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Med 1994; 11: 57-61.
    • (1994) Diabetes Med , vol.11 , pp. 57-61
    • Nicholls, J.S.1    Ali, K.2    Gray, I.P.3    Andres, C.4    Niththyananthan, R.5    Beard, R.W.6
  • 58
    • 14444287504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No deterioration in insulin sensitivity, but impairment of both pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose sensitivity, in Japanese women with former gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Sakamaki H, Yamasaki H, Matsumoto K, Izumino K, Kondo H, Sera Y, et al. No deterioration in insulin sensitivity, but impairment of both pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose sensitivity, in Japanese women with former gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 1039-1044.
    • (1998) Diabet Med , vol.15 , pp. 1039-1044
    • Sakamaki, H.1    Yamasaki, H.2    Matsumoto, K.3    Izumino, K.4    Kondo, H.5    Sera, Y.6
  • 59
    • 14644409707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 485-491.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 485-491
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2
  • 60
    • 33645052180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired beta-cell function in lean normotolerant former gestational women with diabetes
    • Tura A, Mari A, Winzer C, Kautzky-Willer A, Pacini G. Impaired beta-cell function in lean normotolerant former gestational women with diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36: 22-28.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.36 , pp. 22-28
    • Tura, A.1    Mari, A.2    Winzer, C.3    Kautzky-Willer, A.4    Pacini, G.5
  • 61
    • 47549086968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of the intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests for detecting subtle impairments in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in former gestational diabetes
    • Tura A, Mari A, Prikoszovich T, Pacini G, Kautzky-Willer A. Value of the intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests for detecting subtle impairments in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in former gestational diabetes. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 69: 237-243.
    • (2008) Clin Endocrinol , vol.69 , pp. 237-243
    • Tura, A.1    Mari, A.2    Prikoszovich, T.3    Pacini, G.4    Kautzky-Willer, A.5
  • 63
    • 2642674397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of fetal measurements in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Buchanan TA, Kjos SL, Schafer U, Peters RK, Xiang A, Byrne J, et al. Utility of fetal measurements in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1998; 21 (Suppl 2): B99-106.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , Issue.2 SUPPL
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Kjos, S.L.2    Schafer, U.3    Peters, R.K.4    Xiang, A.5    Byrne, J.6
  • 64
    • 0034032581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of pancreatic ß-cells to improved insulin sensitivity in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Peters RK, Kjos SL, Berkowitz K, Marroquin A, et al. Response of pancreatic ß-cells to improved insulin sensitivity in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2000; 49: 782-788.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 782-788
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Peters, R.K.3    Kjos, S.L.4    Berkowitz, K.5    Marroquin, A.6
  • 65
    • 0026322443 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus after GDM
    • O'Sullivan JB. Diabetes mellitus after GDM. Diabetes 1991; 40 (Suppl 2): 131-135.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 131-135
    • O'Sullivan, J.B.1
  • 66
    • 0026528844 scopus 로고
    • Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and placental glycogen content in well-controlled gestational women with diabetes treated with diet or insulin, in well-controlled overt diabetic patients and in healthy control subjects
    • Desoye G, Hofmann HH, Weiss PA. Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and placental glycogen content in well-controlled gestational women with diabetes treated with diet or insulin, in well-controlled overt diabetic patients and in healthy control subjects. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 45-55.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 45-55
    • Desoye, G.1    Hofmann, H.H.2    Weiss, P.A.3
  • 67
    • 0035133415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia in vitro alters the proliferation and mitochondrial activity of the choriocarcinoma cell lines BeWo, JAR and JEG-3 as models for human first-trimester trophoblast
    • Weiss U, Cervar M, Puerstner P, Schmut O, Haas J, Mauschitz R, et al. Hyperglycaemia in vitro alters the proliferation and mitochondrial activity of the choriocarcinoma cell lines BeWo, JAR and JEG-3 as models for human first-trimester trophoblast. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 209-219.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 209-219
    • Weiss, U.1    Cervar, M.2    Puerstner, P.3    Schmut, O.4    Haas, J.5    Mauschitz, R.6
  • 68
    • 38449097879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MT1-MMP expression in first-trimester placental tissue is upregulated in type 1 diabetes as a result of elevated insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels
    • Hiden U, Glitzner E, Ivanisevic M, Djelmis J, Wadsack C, Lang U, et al. MT1-MMP expression in first-trimester placental tissue is upregulated in type 1 diabetes as a result of elevated insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Diabetes 2008; 57: 150-157.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 150-157
    • Hiden, U.1    Glitzner, E.2    Ivanisevic, M.3    Djelmis, J.4    Wadsack, C.5    Lang, U.6
  • 69
    • 67449155317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin and the IGF system in the human placenta of normal and diabetic pregnancies
    • Hiden U, Glitzner E, Hartmann M, Desoye G. Insulin and the IGF system in the human placenta of normal and diabetic pregnancies. J Anat 2009; 215: 60-68.
    • (2009) J Anat , vol.215 , pp. 60-68
    • Hiden, U.1    Glitzner, E.2    Hartmann, M.3    Desoye, G.4
  • 70
    • 31444436853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin control of placental gene expression shifts from mother to foetus over the course of pregnancy
    • Hiden U, Maier A, Bilban M, Ghaffari-Tabrizi N, Wadsack C, Lang I, et al. Insulin control of placental gene expression shifts from mother to foetus over the course of pregnancy. Diabetologia 2006; 491: 123-131.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.491 , pp. 123-131
    • Hiden, U.1    Maier, A.2    Bilban, M.3    Ghaffari-Tabrizi, N.4    Wadsack, C.5    Lang, I.6
  • 71
    • 0028288532 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-receptor kinase is enhanced in placentas from non-insulin-dependent women with diabetes with large-for-gestational-age babies
    • Takayama-Hasumi S, Yoshino H, Shimisu M, Minei S, Sanaka M, Omori Y. Insulin-receptor kinase is enhanced in placentas from non-insulin-dependent women with diabetes with large-for-gestational-age babies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994; 22: 107-116.
    • (1994) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.22 , pp. 107-116
    • Takayama-Hasumi, S.1    Yoshino, H.2    Shimisu, M.3    Minei, S.4    Sanaka, M.5    Omori, Y.6
  • 72
    • 84886035048 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
    • Walker A. Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Proc R Soc Med 1928; 21: 337-384.
    • (1928) Proc R Soc Med , vol.21 , pp. 337-384
    • Walker, A.1
  • 73
    • 0026499950 scopus 로고
    • A story of two miracles: the impact of the discovery of insulin on pregnancy in women with diabetes mellitus
    • Gabbe SG. A story of two miracles: the impact of the discovery of insulin on pregnancy in women with diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79: 295-299.
    • (1992) Obstet Gynecol , vol.79 , pp. 295-299
    • Gabbe, S.G.1
  • 75
    • 28744447704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of increased total glycosylated hemoglobin levels with delayed age at menarche in young women with type 1 diabetes
    • Danielson KK, Palta M, Allen C, D'Alessio DJ. The association of increased total glycosylated hemoglobin levels with delayed age at menarche in young women with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 6466-6471.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 6466-6471
    • Danielson, K.K.1    Palta, M.2    Allen, C.3    D'Alessio, D.J.4
  • 77
    • 0033016601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eating disorders in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study
    • Engstrom I, Kroon M, Arvidsson CG, Segnestam K, Snellman K, Aman J. Eating disorders in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88: 175-180.
    • (1999) Acta Paediatr , vol.88 , pp. 175-180
    • Engstrom, I.1    Kroon, M.2    Arvidsson, C.G.3    Segnestam, K.4    Snellman, K.5    Aman, J.6
  • 78
    • 35248872162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature ovarian failure
    • Goswami D, Conway GS. Premature ovarian failure. Horm Res 2007; 68: 196-202.
    • (2007) Horm Res , vol.68 , pp. 196-202
    • Goswami, D.1    Conway, G.S.2
  • 79
    • 0028347661 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced adrenocortical activity as a contributing factor to diabetes in hyperandrogenic women
    • Buffington CK, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. Enhanced adrenocortical activity as a contributing factor to diabetes in hyperandrogenic women. Metabolism 1994; 43: 584-590.
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 584-590
    • Buffington, C.K.1    Givens, J.R.2    Kitabchi, A.E.3
  • 81
    • 0033963780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Conn JJ, Jacobs HS. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 52: 81-86.
    • (2000) Clin Endocrinol , vol.52 , pp. 81-86
    • Conn, J.J.1    Jacobs, H.S.2
  • 83
    • 0022405586 scopus 로고
    • Elevated maternal glycohemoglobin in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion among insulin-dependent women with diabetes
    • Miodovnik M, Skillman C, Holroyde JC, Butler JB, Wendel JS, Siddiqi TA. Elevated maternal glycohemoglobin in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion among insulin-dependent women with diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 439-442.
    • (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.153 , pp. 439-442
    • Miodovnik, M.1    Skillman, C.2    Holroyde, J.C.3    Butler, J.B.4    Wendel, J.S.5    Siddiqi, T.A.6
  • 84
    • 0024263709 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and IDDM women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception
    • Mills JL, Simpson JL, Driscoll SG, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Van Allen M, Aarons JH, et al. Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and IDDM women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1617-1623.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1617-1623
    • Mills, J.L.1    Simpson, J.L.2    Driscoll, S.G.3    Jovanovic-Peterson, L.4    Van Allen, M.5    Aarons, J.H.6
  • 85
    • 0024564676 scopus 로고
    • First trimester hemoglobin A1C and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy
    • Greene MF, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, Benacerraf BR, Soeldner JS. First trimester hemoglobin A1C and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy. Teratology 1989; 39: 225-231.
    • (1989) Teratology , vol.39 , pp. 225-231
    • Greene, M.F.1    Hare, J.W.2    Cloherty, J.P.3    Benacerraf, B.R.4    Soeldner, J.S.5
  • 86
    • 0027937678 scopus 로고
    • Glycemic thresholds for spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Combs CA, Khoury J, Siddiqi TA. Glycemic thresholds for spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 515-20.
    • (1994) Obstet Gynecol , vol.84 , pp. 515-20
    • Rosenn, B.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Combs, C.A.3    Khoury, J.4    Siddiqi, T.A.5
  • 87
    • 84944661523 scopus 로고
    • Low fetal loss rates after ultrasound-proved viability in early pregnancy
    • Simpson JL, Mills JL, Holmes LB, Ober CL, Aarons J, Jovanovic L, et al. Low fetal loss rates after ultrasound-proved viability in early pregnancy. JAMA 1987; 258: 2555-2557.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 2555-2557
    • Simpson, J.L.1    Mills, J.L.2    Holmes, L.B.3    Ober, C.L.4    Aarons, J.5    Jovanovic, L.6
  • 89
    • 0037202714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between outcome of pregnancy and glycemic control in early pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: population based study
    • Temple R, Aldridge V, Greenwood R, Heyburn P, Sampson M, Stanley K. Association between outcome of pregnancy and glycemic control in early pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: population based study. Br Med J 2002; 325: 1275-1276.
    • (2002) Br Med J , vol.325 , pp. 1275-1276
    • Temple, R.1    Aldridge, V.2    Greenwood, R.3    Heyburn, P.4    Sampson, M.5    Stanley, K.6
  • 90
    • 3242885070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with increased risk of first trimester and recurrent miscarriage: matched case-control study
    • Lashen H, Fear K, Sturdee DW. Obesity is associated with increased risk of first trimester and recurrent miscarriage: matched case-control study. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 1644-1646.
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , pp. 1644-1646
    • Lashen, H.1    Fear, K.2    Sturdee, D.W.3
  • 91
    • 60549110390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital anomalies in diabetic pregnancy
    • Eriksson UJ. Congenital anomalies in diabetic pregnancy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 14: 85-93.
    • (2009) Semin Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.14 , pp. 85-93
    • Eriksson, U.J.1
  • 92
    • 8344272048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome resulting from mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta
    • Bingham C, Hattersley AT. Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome resulting from mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 2703-2708.
    • (2004) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.19 , pp. 2703-2708
    • Bingham, C.1    Hattersley, A.T.2
  • 93
    • 0023941164 scopus 로고
    • Importance of genetic predisposition and maternal environment for the occurrence of congenital malformations in offspring of diabetic rats
    • Eriksson UJ. Importance of genetic predisposition and maternal environment for the occurrence of congenital malformations in offspring of diabetic rats. Teratology 1988; 37: 365-374.
    • (1988) Teratology , vol.37 , pp. 365-374
    • Eriksson, U.J.1
  • 94
    • 0002831404 scopus 로고
    • Rate and type of congenital anomalies among offspring of women with diabetes
    • Kucera J. Rate and type of congenital anomalies among offspring of women with diabetes. J Reprod Med 1971; 7: 61-70.
    • (1971) J Reprod Med , vol.7 , pp. 61-70
    • Kucera, J.1
  • 95
    • 0020630759 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of congenital malformations of infants of insulin-dependent mother with diabetes
    • Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, Semmler K, Fischer F, Fischer M, Glöckner E. Prevention of congenital malformations of infants of insulin-dependent mother with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1983; 6: 219-223.
    • (1983) Diabetes Care , vol.6 , pp. 219-223
    • Fuhrmann, K.1    Reiher, H.2    Semmler, K.3    Fischer, F.4    Fischer, M.5    Glöckner, E.6
  • 96
    • 0023265919 scopus 로고
    • High maternal levels of hemoglobin A1c associated with delayed fetal lung maturation in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies
    • Ylinen K. High maternal levels of hemoglobin A1c associated with delayed fetal lung maturation in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987; 66: 263-266.
    • (1987) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.66 , pp. 263-266
    • Ylinen, K.1
  • 97
    • 0023841062 scopus 로고
    • Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of mother with diabetes to glycemic control during organogesis
    • Mills JL, Knopp RH, Simpson JL, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Metzger BE, Holmes LB, et al. Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of mother with diabetes to glycemic control during organogesis. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 671-676.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 671-676
    • Mills, J.L.1    Knopp, R.H.2    Simpson, J.L.3    Jovanovic-Peterson, L.4    Metzger, B.E.5    Holmes, L.B.6
  • 98
  • 99
    • 0025193907 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between HbA1c in early pregnancy and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and malformation in Sweden
    • Hanson U, Persson B, Thunell S. The relationship between HbA1c in early pregnancy and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and malformation in Sweden. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 100-104.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , pp. 100-104
    • Hanson, U.1    Persson, B.2    Thunell, S.3
  • 100
    • 0027248870 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancy complicated by type 1 insulin dependent diabetes in Sweden: acute pregnancy complica-tions, neonatal mortality, and morbidity
    • Hanson U, Persson B. Outcome of pregnancy complicated by type 1 insulin dependent diabetes in Sweden: acute pregnancy complica-tions, neonatal mortality, and morbidity. Am J Perinatol 1993; 10: 330-333.
    • (1993) Am J Perinatol , vol.10 , pp. 330-333
    • Hanson, U.1    Persson, B.2
  • 101
    • 0030745392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective population based survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with diabetes: results of the Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Audit, 1994
    • Hawthorne G, Robson S, Ryall EA, Sen D, Roberts SH, Ward Platt MP. Prospective population based survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with diabetes: results of the Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Audit, 1994. Br Med J 1997; 315: 279-281.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 279-281
    • Hawthorne, G.1    Robson, S.2    Ryall, E.A.3    Sen, D.4    Roberts, S.H.5    Ward Platt, M.P.6
  • 102
    • 0030848281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent women with diabetes: results of a five year population cohort study
    • Casson IF, Clarke CA, Howard CV, McKendrick O, Pennycook S, Pharoah PO, et al. Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent women with diabetes: results of a five year population cohort study. Br Med J 1997; 315: 275-278.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 275-278
    • Casson, I.F.1    Clarke, C.A.2    Howard, C.V.3    McKendrick, O.4    Pennycook, S.5    Pharoah, P.O.6
  • 103
    • 0034086693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do women with diabetes deliver malformed infants?
    • Reece EA, Homko CJ. Why do women with diabetes deliver malformed infants? Clin Obstet Gynecol 2000; 43: 32-45.
    • (2000) Clin Obstet Gynecol , vol.43 , pp. 32-45
    • Reece, E.A.1    Homko, C.J.2
  • 104
    • 0034099733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control during early pregnancy and fetal malformations in women with type I diabetes mellitus
    • Suhonen L, Hiilesmaa V, Teramo K. Glycemic control during early pregnancy and fetal malformations in women with type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 79-82.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 79-82
    • Suhonen, L.1    Hiilesmaa, V.2    Teramo, K.3
  • 106
    • 33746304156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study
    • Macintosh MC, Fleming KM, Bailey JA, Doyle P, Modder J, Acolet D, et al. Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study. Br Med J 2006; 333: 177.
    • (2006) Br Med J , vol.333 , pp. 177
    • Macintosh, M.C.1    Fleming, K.M.2    Bailey, J.A.3    Doyle, P.4    Modder, J.5    Acolet, D.6
  • 107
    • 0018363182 scopus 로고
    • Malformations in infants of mother with diabetes occur before the seventh gestational week: implications for treatment
    • Mills JL, Baker L, Goldman AS. Malformations in infants of mother with diabetes occur before the seventh gestational week: implications for treatment. Diabetes 1979; 28: 292-293.
    • (1979) Diabetes , vol.28 , pp. 292-293
    • Mills, J.L.1    Baker, L.2    Goldman, A.S.3
  • 108
    • 0028233104 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological analysis of outcomes of pregnancy in mother with diabetes: identification of the most characteristic and most frequent congenital anomalies
    • Martinez-Frias ML. Epidemiological analysis of outcomes of pregnancy in mother with diabetes: identification of the most characteristic and most frequent congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet 1994; 51: 108-113.
    • (1994) Am J Med Genet , vol.51 , pp. 108-113
    • Martinez-Frias, M.L.1
  • 109
    • 0020144915 scopus 로고
    • Malformations in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Mills JL. Malformations in infants of mother with diabetes. Teratology 1982; 25: 385-394.
    • (1982) Teratology , vol.25 , pp. 385-394
    • Mills, J.L.1
  • 110
    • 0141790772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular malformations in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Wren C, Birrell G, Hawthorne G. Cardiovascular malformations in infants of mother with diabetes. Heart 2003; 89: 1217-1220.
    • (2003) Heart , vol.89 , pp. 1217-1220
    • Wren, C.1    Birrell, G.2    Hawthorne, G.3
  • 111
    • 0026056574 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic environment and genetic predisposition as causes of congenital malformations in NOD mouse embryos
    • Otani H, Tanakao OH, Takewaki R, Naora H, Yoneyama T. Diabetic environment and genetic predisposition as causes of congenital malformations in NOD mouse embryos. Diabetes 1991; 40: 1245-1250.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 1245-1250
    • Otani, H.1    Tanakao, O.H.2    Takewaki, R.3    Naora, H.4    Yoneyama, T.5
  • 112
    • 0031728455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia induces apoptosis in pre-implantation embryos through cell death effector pathways
    • Moley KH, Chi MM, Knudson CM, Korsmeyer SJ, Mueckler MM. Hyperglycaemia induces apoptosis in pre-implantation embryos through cell death effector pathways. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1421-1424.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Moley, K.H.1    Chi, M.M.2    Knudson, C.M.3    Korsmeyer, S.J.4    Mueckler, M.M.5
  • 113
    • 0026606020 scopus 로고
    • Maternal insulin treatment improves pre-implantation embryo development in diabetic rats
    • De Hertogh R, Vanderheyden I, Pampfer S, Robin D, Delcourt J. Maternal insulin treatment improves pre-implantation embryo development in diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 406-408.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 406-408
    • De Hertogh, R.1    Vanderheyden, I.2    Pampfer, S.3    Robin, D.4    Delcourt, J.5
  • 114
    • 69749089210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of glucose transporter isoforms and the insulin receptor during hamster preimplantation embryo development
    • Tonack S, Ramin N, Garimella S, Rao R, Seshagiri PB, Fischer B, et al. Expression of glucose transporter isoforms and the insulin receptor during hamster preimplantation embryo development. Ann Anat 2009; 191: 485-495.
    • (2009) Ann Anat , vol.191 , pp. 485-495
    • Tonack, S.1    Ramin, N.2    Garimella, S.3    Rao, R.4    Seshagiri, P.B.5    Fischer, B.6
  • 115
    • 0028988880 scopus 로고
    • Possible role of TNF-a in early embryropathy associated with maternal diabetes in the rat
    • Pampfer S, Vanderheyden I, Wuu YD, Baufays L, Maillet O, De Hertogh R. Possible role of TNF-a in early embryropathy associated with maternal diabetes in the rat. Diabetes 1995; 44: 531-536.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 531-536
    • Pampfer, S.1    Vanderheyden, I.2    Wuu, Y.D.3    Baufays, L.4    Maillet, O.5    De Hertogh, R.6
  • 116
    • 0025868649 scopus 로고
    • Protection by free oxygen radical scavenging enzymes against glucose-induced embryonic malformations in vitro
    • Eriksson UJ, Borg LA. Protection by free oxygen radical scavenging enzymes against glucose-induced embryonic malformations in vitro. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 325-331.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 325-331
    • Eriksson, U.J.1    Borg, L.A.2
  • 117
    • 0027394254 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and embryonic malformations: role of substrate-induced free-oxygen radical production for dysmorphogenesis in culture rat embryos
    • Eriksson UJ, Borg LA. Diabetes and embryonic malformations: role of substrate-induced free-oxygen radical production for dysmorphogenesis in culture rat embryos. Diabetes 1993; 42: 411-419.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 411-419
    • Eriksson, U.J.1    Borg, L.A.2
  • 118
    • 0031023058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogenic effect of diabetic serum is prevented by supplementation of superoxide dismutase and N-acetylcysteine in rat embryo culture
    • Wentzel P, Thunberg L, Eriksson UJ. Teratogenic effect of diabetic serum is prevented by supplementation of superoxide dismutase and N-acetylcysteine in rat embryo culture. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 7-14.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 7-14
    • Wentzel, P.1    Thunberg, L.2    Eriksson, U.J.3
  • 119
    • 0034952067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamins C and E improve rat embryonic antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic culture medium
    • Zaken V, Kohen R, Ornoy A. Vitamins C and E improve rat embryonic antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic culture medium. Teratology 2001; 64: 33-44.
    • (2001) Teratology , vol.64 , pp. 33-44
    • Zaken, V.1    Kohen, R.2    Ornoy, A.3
  • 120
    • 12744254882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid supplementation diminishes diabetes-and glucose-induced dysmorphogenesis in rat embryos in vivo and in vitro
    • Wentzel P, Gareskog M, Eriksson U. Folic acid supplementation diminishes diabetes-and glucose-induced dysmorphogenesis in rat embryos in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes 2005; 54: 546-53.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 546-53
    • Wentzel, P.1    Gareskog, M.2    Eriksson, U.3
  • 121
    • 0025013924 scopus 로고
    • Myoinositol and prostaglandins reverse the glucose inhibition of neural tube fusion in cultured mouse embryos
    • Baker L, Piddington R, Goldman A, Egler J, Moehring J. Myoinositol and prostaglandins reverse the glucose inhibition of neural tube fusion in cultured mouse embryos. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 593-596.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , pp. 593-596
    • Baker, L.1    Piddington, R.2    Goldman, A.3    Egler, J.4    Moehring, J.5
  • 122
    • 0026327119 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin and myo-inositol on embryo growth and development during early organogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Akashi M, Akazawa S, Akazawa M, Trocino R, Hashimoto M, Maeda Y, et al. Effects of insulin and myo-inositol on embryo growth and development during early organogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 1991; 40: 1574-1579.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 1574-1579
    • Akashi, M.1    Akazawa, S.2    Akazawa, M.3    Trocino, R.4    Hashimoto, M.5    Maeda, Y.6
  • 123
    • 0026000995 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical basis of the diabetic embryopathy
    • Goldman AS, Goto MP. Biochemical basis of the diabetic embryopathy. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27: 469-477.
    • (1991) Isr J Med Sci , vol.27 , pp. 469-477
    • Goldman, A.S.1    Goto, M.P.2
  • 124
    • 0026718857 scopus 로고
    • Phosphoinositide metabolism in the developing conceptus: effects of hyperglycemia and scyllo-inositol in rat embryo culture
    • Strieleman PJ, Connors MA, Metzger BE. Phosphoinositide metabolism in the developing conceptus: effects of hyperglycemia and scyllo-inositol in rat embryo culture. Diabetes 1992; 41: 989-997.
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , pp. 989-997
    • Strieleman, P.J.1    Connors, M.A.2    Metzger, B.E.3
  • 125
    • 0346457636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal fetal fuels, diabetic embryopathy: pathomechanisms and prevention
    • Reece EA. Maternal fetal fuels, diabetic embryopathy: pathomechanisms and prevention. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1999; 17: 183-194.
    • (1999) Semin Reprod Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 183-194
    • Reece, E.A.1
  • 126
    • 0026327119 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin and myo-inositol on embryo growth and development during early organogenesis in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Akashi M, Akazawa S, Akazawa M, Trocino R, Hashimoto M, Maeda Y, et al. Effects of insulin and myo-inositol on embryo growth and development during early organogenesis in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 1991; 40: 1574-1579.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 1574-1579
    • Akashi, M.1    Akazawa, S.2    Akazawa, M.3    Trocino, R.4    Hashimoto, M.5    Maeda, Y.6
  • 127
    • 0030965042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of myo-inositol and neural tube defects in offspring of diabetic rats
    • Reece EA, Khandelwal M, Wu YK, Borenstein M. Dietary intake of myo-inositol and neural tube defects in offspring of diabetic rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 536-539.
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 536-539
    • Reece, E.A.1    Khandelwal, M.2    Wu, Y.K.3    Borenstein, M.4
  • 128
    • 0025084427 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hyperglycaemia on sorbitol and myo-inositol contents of cultured embryos: treatment with aldose reductase inhibitor and myo-inositol supplementation
    • Hashimoto M, Akazawa S, Akazawa M, Akashi M, Yamamoto H, Maeda Y, et al. Effects of hyperglycaemia on sorbitol and myo-inositol contents of cultured embryos: treatment with aldose reductase inhibitor and myo-inositol supplementation. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 597-602.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , pp. 597-602
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Akazawa, S.2    Akazawa, M.3    Akashi, M.4    Yamamoto, H.5    Maeda, Y.6
  • 129
    • 0035001764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of embryonic dysmorphogenesis by high glucose concentration, disturbed inositol metabolism, and inhibited protein kinase C activity
    • Wentzel P, Wentzel CR, Gäreskog MB, Eriksson UJ. Induction of embryonic dysmorphogenesis by high glucose concentration, disturbed inositol metabolism, and inhibited protein kinase C activity. Teratology 2001; 63: 193-201.
    • (2001) Teratology , vol.63 , pp. 193-201
    • Wentzel, P.1    Wentzel, C.R.2    Gäreskog, M.B.3    Eriksson, U.J.4
  • 130
    • 0032999922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental damage, increased lipid peroxidation, diminished cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression, and lowered prostaglandin E2 levels in rat embryos exposed to a diabetic environment
    • Wentzel P, Welsh N, Eriksson UJ. Developmental damage, increased lipid peroxidation, diminished cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression, and lowered prostaglandin E2 levels in rat embryos exposed to a diabetic environment. Diabetes 1999; 48: 813-820.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 813-820
    • Wentzel, P.1    Welsh, N.2    Eriksson, U.J.3
  • 132
    • 0030154784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin metabolism in the yolk sacs of normal and diabetic pregnancies
    • Schoenfeld A, Warchaizer S, Erman A, Hod M. Prostaglandin metabolism in the yolk sacs of normal and diabetic pregnancies. Early Pregnancy 1996; 2: 129-132.
    • (1996) Early Pregnancy , vol.2 , pp. 129-132
    • Schoenfeld, A.1    Warchaizer, S.2    Erman, A.3    Hod, M.4
  • 133
    • 0036723777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic susceptibility to the molecular causes of neural tube defects during diabetic embryopathy
    • Pani L, Horal M, Loeken MR. Polymorphic susceptibility to the molecular causes of neural tube defects during diabetic embryopathy. Diabetes 2002; 51: 2871-2874.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2871-2874
    • Pani, L.1    Horal, M.2    Loeken, M.R.3
  • 134
    • 0035919139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects
    • Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Mathews TJ, Erickson JD, Wong LY. Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA 2001; 285: 2981-2986.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2981-2986
    • Honein, M.A.1    Paulozzi, L.J.2    Mathews, T.J.3    Erickson, J.D.4    Wong, L.Y.5
  • 136
    • 0019798973 scopus 로고
    • Elevated maternal haemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Milner E, Hare JW, Clotherty JP. Elevated maternal haemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of mother with diabetes. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 1331-1334.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 1331-1334
    • Milner, E.1    Hare, J.W.2    Clotherty, J.P.3
  • 137
    • 0022443636 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with preconceptional diabetic control: a comparative study
    • Goldman JA, Dicker D, Feldberg D, Yeshaya A, Samuel N, Karp M. Pregnancy outcome in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with preconceptional diabetic control: a comparative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 293-297.
    • (1986) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.155 , pp. 293-297
    • Goldman, J.A.1    Dicker, D.2    Feldberg, D.3    Yeshaya, A.4    Samuel, N.5    Karp, M.6
  • 138
    • 0025705033 scopus 로고
    • Can prepregnancy care of women with diabetes reduce the risk of abnormal babies?
    • Steel JM, Johnstone FD, Hepburn DA, Smith AF. Can prepregnancy care of women with diabetes reduce the risk of abnormal babies? Br Med J 1990; 301: 1070-1074.
    • (1990) Br Med J , vol.301 , pp. 1070-1074
    • Steel, J.M.1    Johnstone, F.D.2    Hepburn, D.A.3    Smith, A.F.4
  • 139
    • 0025965216 scopus 로고
    • Preconception management of diabetes continued through early pregnancy prevents the excess frequency of major congenital anomalies in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Kitzmiller JL, Gavin LA, Gin GD. Preconception management of diabetes continued through early pregnancy prevents the excess frequency of major congenital anomalies in infants of mother with diabetes. JAMA 1991; 265: 731-736.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 731-736
    • Kitzmiller, J.L.1    Gavin, L.A.2    Gin, G.D.3
  • 140
    • 38949175380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Survey Steering Group. Trends in prevalence and outcomes of pregnancy in women with pre-existing type I and type II diabetes
    • Bell R, Bailey K, Cresswell T, Hawthorne G, Critchley J, Lewis-Barned D; Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Survey Steering Group. Trends in prevalence and outcomes of pregnancy in women with pre-existing type I and type II diabetes. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 115: 445-452.
    • (2008) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.115 , pp. 445-452
    • Bell, R.1    Bailey, K.2    Cresswell, T.3    Hawthorne, G.4    Critchley, J.5    Lewis-Barned, D.6
  • 142
    • 0030005968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Pregnancy outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Pregnancy outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 1343-1353.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 1343-1353
  • 143
    • 0034882478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
    • Ray JG, O'Brien TE, Chan WS. Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Q J Med 2001; 94: 435-444.
    • (2001) Q J Med , vol.94 , pp. 435-444
    • Ray, J.G.1    O'Brien, T.E.2    Chan, W.S.3
  • 144
    • 34447124337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of maternal GHb concentration to estimate the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with prepregnancy diabetes
    • Guerin A, Nisenbaum R, Ray JG. Use of maternal GHb concentration to estimate the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with prepregnancy diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1920-1925.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1920-1925
    • Guerin, A.1    Nisenbaum, R.2    Ray, J.G.3
  • 145
    • 0030867663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of maternal insulin treatment with insulin on infants of mothers with gestational diabetes
    • Simmons D, Robertson S. Influence of maternal insulin treatment with insulin on infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Med 1997; 14: 762-765.
    • (1997) Diabetes Med , vol.14 , pp. 762-765
    • Simmons, D.1    Robertson, S.2
  • 146
    • 31444436189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do HbA1c levels and the selfmonitoring of blood glucose levels adequately reflect glycemic control during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
    • Kerssen A, de Valk HW, Visser GH. Do HbA1c levels and the selfmonitoring of blood glucose levels adequately reflect glycemic control during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Diabetologia 2006; 49: 25-28.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 25-28
    • Kerssen, A.1    de Valk, H.W.2    Visser, G.H.3
  • 149
    • 0035404053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amniotic fluid insulin at 14-20 weeks'gestation: association with later maternal glucose intolerance and birth macrosomia
    • Carpenter MW, Canick JA, Hogan JW, Shellum C, Somers M, Star JA. Amniotic fluid insulin at 14-20 weeks'gestation: association with later maternal glucose intolerance and birth macrosomia. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1259-1263.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1259-1263
    • Carpenter, M.W.1    Canick, J.A.2    Hogan, J.W.3    Shellum, C.4    Somers, M.5    Star, J.A.6
  • 150
    • 0038692038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell capacity and insulin sensitivity in prepubertal children born small for gestational age: influence of body size during childhood
    • Veening MA, van Weissenbruch MM, Heine RJ, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Beta-cell capacity and insulin sensitivity in prepubertal children born small for gestational age: influence of body size during childhood. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1756-1760.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1756-1760
    • Veening, M.A.1    van Weissenbruch, M.M.2    Heine, R.J.3    Delemarre-van de Waal, H.A.4
  • 151
    • 28444482424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion from birth to age three years in small-and appropriate-for-gestational-age children
    • Mericq V, Ong KK, Bazaes R, Peña V, Avila A, Salazar T, et al. Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion from birth to age three years in small-and appropriate-for-gestational-age children. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2609-2614.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 2609-2614
    • Mericq, V.1    Ong, K.K.2    Bazaes, R.3    Peña, V.4    Avila, A.5    Salazar, T.6
  • 152
    • 34247498697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origins of beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes: the role of epigenetic mechanisms
    • Simmons RA. Developmental origins of beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes: the role of epigenetic mechanisms. Pediatr Res 2007; 61: 64R-67R.
    • (2007) Pediatr Res , vol.61
    • Simmons, R.A.1
  • 153
    • 0036319367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes leads to the development of diabetes in adulthood in the rat
    • Boloker J, Gertz SJ, Simmons RA. Gestational diabetes leads to the development of diabetes in adulthood in the rat. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1499-1506.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1499-1506
    • Boloker, J.1    Gertz, S.J.2    Simmons, R.A.3
  • 154
    • 53249129274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired beta-cell function and inadequate compensatory increases in beta-cell mass after intrauterine growth restriction in sheep
    • Gatford KL, Mohammad SN, Harland ML, De Blasio MJ, Fowden AL, Robinson JS, et al. Impaired beta-cell function and inadequate compensatory increases in beta-cell mass after intrauterine growth restriction in sheep. Endocrinology 2008; 149: 5118-5127.
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 5118-5127
    • Gatford, K.L.1    Mohammad, S.N.2    Harland, M.L.3    De Blasio, M.J.4    Fowden, A.L.5    Robinson, J.S.6
  • 155
    • 67649111875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origins of adult disease
    • Simmons RA. Developmental origins of adult disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009; 56: 449-466.
    • (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.56 , pp. 449-466
    • Simmons, R.A.1
  • 156
    • 32544453679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal body size and birth weight: can insulin or adipokines do better?
    • Verhaeghe J, van Bree R, Van Herck E. Maternal body size and birth weight: can insulin or adipokines do better? Metabolism 2006; 55: 339-344.
    • (2006) Metabolism , vol.55 , pp. 339-344
    • Verhaeghe, J.1    van Bree, R.2    Van Herck, E.3
  • 157
    • 0026337471 scopus 로고
    • The role of placental-fetal interaction in fetal nutrition
    • Hay WW. The role of placental-fetal interaction in fetal nutrition. Semin Perinatol 1991; 15: 424-433.
    • (1991) Semin Perinatol , vol.15 , pp. 424-433
    • Hay, W.W.1
  • 158
    • 0024242894 scopus 로고
    • Are all infants of mother with diabetes "macrosomic" ?
    • Bradley RJ, Nicolaides KH, Brudenell JM. Are all infants of mother with diabetes "macrosomic" ? Br Med J 1988; 297: 1583-1585.
    • (1988) Br Med J , vol.297 , pp. 1583-1585
    • Bradley, R.J.1    Nicolaides, K.H.2    Brudenell, J.M.3
  • 159
    • 33745627818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes and pregnancy: trends in birth weight over 40 years at a single clinic
    • Johnstone FD, Lindsay RS, Steel J. Type 1 diabetes and pregnancy: trends in birth weight over 40 years at a single clinic. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 107: 1297-1302.
    • (2006) Obstet Gynecol , vol.107 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Johnstone, F.D.1    Lindsay, R.S.2    Steel, J.3
  • 160
    • 0020536182 scopus 로고
    • Fetal macrosomia: prediction, risk, proposed management
    • Boyd M, Usher RH, McLean FH. Fetal macrosomia: prediction, risk, proposed management. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61: 715-722.
    • (1983) Obstet Gynecol , vol.61 , pp. 715-722
    • Boyd, M.1    Usher, R.H.2    McLean, F.H.3
  • 162
    • 0027199101 scopus 로고
    • C-peptide, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and insulin -like growth factor binding protein-1 in umbilical cord serum: correlations with birth weight
    • Verhaeghe J, Van Bree R, Van Herck E, Laureys J, Bouillon R, Van Assche FA. C-peptide, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and insulin -like growth factor binding protein-1 in umbilical cord serum: correlations with birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 89-97.
    • (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.169 , pp. 89-97
    • Verhaeghe, J.1    Van Bree, R.2    Van Herck, E.3    Laureys, J.4    Bouillon, R.5    Van Assche, F.A.6
  • 163
    • 0019303491 scopus 로고
    • Fetal macrosomia-animal models
    • Schwartz R, Susa J. Fetal macrosomia-animal models. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 430-432.
    • (1980) Diabetes Care , vol.3 , pp. 430-432
    • Schwartz, R.1    Susa, J.2
  • 164
    • 0043059631 scopus 로고
    • In: Pedersen J, ed. The Pregnant Diabetic and her Newborn: Problems and Management. Baltimore MD: Williams & Wilkins
    • Pedersen B. Hyperglycaemia-hyperinsulinism theory and birthweight. In: Pedersen J, ed. The Pregnant Diabetic and her Newborn: Problems and Management. Baltimore MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1977: 211-220.
    • (1977) Hyperglycaemia-hyperinsulinism theory and birthweight , pp. 211-220
    • Pedersen, B.1
  • 165
    • 0022515049 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of maternal glycosylated hemoglobin and fetal beta-cell activity with birth weight
    • Cano A, Barcelo F, Fuente T, Martinez P, Parrilla JJ, Abad L. Relationship of maternal glycosylated hemoglobin and fetal beta-cell activity with birth weight. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1986; 22: 91-96.
    • (1986) Gynecol Obstet Invest , vol.22 , pp. 91-96
    • Cano, A.1    Barcelo, F.2    Fuente, T.3    Martinez, P.4    Parrilla, J.J.5    Abad, L.6
  • 166
    • 0026343212 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic effect of maternal metabolism on fetal growth: quintessential expression of fuel-mediated teratogenesis
    • Metzger BE. Biphasic effect of maternal metabolism on fetal growth: quintessential expression of fuel-mediated teratogenesis. Diabetes 1991; 40 (Suppl 2): 99-105.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 99-105
    • Metzger, B.E.1
  • 167
    • 0017125628 scopus 로고
    • I n vitro perfusion of human placenta. V. Oxygen consumption
    • Challier JC, Schneider H, Dancic J. I n vitro perfusion of human placenta. V. Oxygen consumption. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976; 126: 261-265.
    • (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.126 , pp. 261-265
    • Challier, J.C.1    Schneider, H.2    Dancic, J.3
  • 168
    • 0028325462 scopus 로고
    • Use of fetal ultrasound to select metabolic therapy for pregnancies complicated by mild gestational diabetes
    • Buchanan TA, Kjos SL, Montoro MN, Wu PY, Madrilejo NG, Gonzalez M, et al. Use of fetal ultrasound to select metabolic therapy for pregnancies complicated by mild gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 275-283.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 275-283
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Kjos, S.L.2    Montoro, M.N.3    Wu, P.Y.4    Madrilejo, N.G.5    Gonzalez, M.6
  • 169
    • 0031664042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancies complicated by diabetic proliferative retinopathy
    • Lauszus FF, Grøn PL, Klebe JG. Pregnancies complicated by diabetic proliferative retinopathy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 814-818.
    • (1998) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.77 , pp. 814-818
    • Lauszus, F.F.1    Grøn, P.L.2    Klebe, J.G.3
  • 170
    • 0032816059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of first-trimester diabetes control on the incidence of macrosomia
    • Rey E, Attie C, Bonin A. The effects of first-trimester diabetes control on the incidence of macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 202-206.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , pp. 202-206
    • Rey, E.1    Attie, C.2    Bonin, A.3
  • 171
    • 0016716841 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral metabolism of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide in the pregnant rat
    • Katz AI, Lindheimer MD, Mako ME, Rubenstein AH. Peripheral metabolism of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide in the pregnant rat. J Clin Invest 1975; 56: 1608-1614.
    • (1975) J Clin Invest , vol.56 , pp. 1608-1614
    • Katz, A.I.1    Lindheimer, M.D.2    Mako, M.E.3    Rubenstein, A.H.4
  • 172
    • 0018573143 scopus 로고
    • The infant of the mother with diabetes: correlation of increased cord blood C-peptide levels with macrosomia and hypoglycemia
    • Sosenko IR, Kitzmiller JL, Loo SW, Blix P, Rubenstein AH, Gabbay KH. The infant of the mother with diabetes: correlation of increased cord blood C-peptide levels with macrosomia and hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 859-862.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 859-862
    • Sosenko, I.R.1    Kitzmiller, J.L.2    Loo, S.W.3    Blix, P.4    Rubenstein, A.H.5    Gabbay, K.H.6
  • 173
    • 0019303077 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal islet function in gestational diabetes: assessment by cord plasma C-peptide and amniotic fluid insulin
    • Ogata ES, Freinkel N, Metzger BE, Phelps RL, Depp R, Boehm JJ, et al. Perinatal islet function in gestational diabetes: assessment by cord plasma C-peptide and amniotic fluid insulin. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 425-429.
    • (1980) Diabetes Care , vol.3 , pp. 425-429
    • Ogata, E.S.1    Freinkel, N.2    Metzger, B.E.3    Phelps, R.L.4    Depp, R.5    Boehm, J.J.6
  • 174
    • 0020329740 scopus 로고
    • Umbilical cord glycosylated hemoglobin in infants of mother with diabetes: relationships to neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, serum C-peptide
    • Sosenko JM, Kitzmiller JL, Fluckiger R, Loo SW, Younger DM, Gabbay KH. Umbilical cord glycosylated hemoglobin in infants of mother with diabetes: relationships to neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, serum C-peptide. Diabetes Care 1982; 5: 566-570.
    • (1982) Diabetes Care , vol.5 , pp. 566-570
    • Sosenko, J.M.1    Kitzmiller, J.L.2    Fluckiger, R.3    Loo, S.W.4    Younger, D.M.5    Gabbay, K.H.6
  • 176
  • 178
    • 11144333574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels are associated with an increased frequency of fetal and neonatal morbidity in type 1 diabetic pregnancies
    • Teramo K, Kari MA, Eronen M, Markkanen H, Hiilesmaa V. High amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels are associated with an increased frequency of fetal and neonatal morbidity in type 1 diabetic pregnancies. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1695-1703.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1695-1703
    • Teramo, K.1    Kari, M.A.2    Eronen, M.3    Markkanen, H.4    Hiilesmaa, V.5
  • 179
    • 0021203753 scopus 로고
    • Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey: effects of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on fetal substrates, hormones, and hepatic enzymes
    • Susa JB, Gruppuso PA, Widness JA, Domenech M, Clemons GK, Sehgal P, et al. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey: effects of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on fetal substrates, hormones, and hepatic enzymes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 415-420.
    • (1984) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.150 , pp. 415-420
    • Susa, J.B.1    Gruppuso, P.A.2    Widness, J.A.3    Domenech, M.4    Clemons, G.K.5    Sehgal, P.6
  • 181
    • 0030806718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I gene deletion causing intrauterine growth retardation and severe short stature
    • Woods KA, Camacho-Hübner C, Barter D, Clark AJ, Savage MO. Insulin-like growth factor I gene deletion causing intrauterine growth retardation and severe short stature. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997; 423: 39-45.
    • (1997) Acta Paediatr , vol.423 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 39-45
    • Woods, K.A.1    Camacho-Hübner, C.2    Barter, D.3    Clark, A.J.4    Savage, M.O.5
  • 182
    • 0028934595 scopus 로고
    • The endocrine role of fetal growth in late gestation: the role of insulin-like growth factors
    • Gluckman PD. The endocrine role of fetal growth in late gestation: the role of insulin-like growth factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 1047-1050.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 1047-1050
    • Gluckman, P.D.1
  • 183
    • 0036266938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term
    • Vatten LJ, Nilsen ST, Odegård RA, Romundstad PR, Austgulen R. Insulin-like growth factor I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 1131-1135.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Vatten, L.J.1    Nilsen, S.T.2    Odegård, R.A.3    Romundstad, P.R.4    Austgulen, R.5
  • 184
    • 0034457734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on human pregnancy-induced insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 proteases in serum: determination of IGF-II dependency and localization of cleavage site
    • Byun D, Mohan S, Kim C, Suh K, Yoo M, Lee H, et al. Studies on human pregnancy-induced insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 proteases in serum: determination of IGF-II dependency and localization of cleavage site. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 373-381.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 373-381
    • Byun, D.1    Mohan, S.2    Kim, C.3    Suh, K.4    Yoo, M.5    Lee, H.6
  • 185
    • 33846904257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse changes in fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-1 in association with higher birth weight in maternal diabetes
    • Lindsay RS, Westgate JA, Beattie J, Pattison NS, Gamble G, Mildenhall LF, et al. Inverse changes in fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-1 in association with higher birth weight in maternal diabetes. Clin Endocrinol 2007; 66: 322-328.
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol , vol.66 , pp. 322-328
    • Lindsay, R.S.1    Westgate, J.A.2    Beattie, J.3    Pattison, N.S.4    Gamble, G.5    Mildenhall, L.F.6
  • 188
    • 0015506624 scopus 로고
    • The outcome of diabetic pregnancies in relationship to the mother's blood sugar level
    • Karlsson K, Kjellmer I. The outcome of diabetic pregnancies in relationship to the mother's blood sugar level. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 112: 213-220.
    • (1972) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.112 , pp. 213-220
    • Karlsson, K.1    Kjellmer, I.2
  • 192
    • 50949130353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fetal plasma and amniotic fluid erythropoietin concentrations: markers of intrauterine hypoxia
    • Teramo KA, Widness JA. Increased fetal plasma and amniotic fluid erythropoietin concentrations: markers of intrauterine hypoxia. Neonatology 2009; 95: 105-116.
    • (2009) Neonatology , vol.95 , pp. 105-116
    • Teramo, K.A.1    Widness, J.A.2
  • 193
    • 0024520736 scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on metabolism of fetal sheep hindquarters
    • Milley JR, Papacostas JS. Effect of insulin on metabolism of fetal sheep hindquarters. Diabetes 1989; 38: 597-603.
    • (1989) Diabetes , vol.38 , pp. 597-603
    • Milley, J.R.1    Papacostas, J.S.2
  • 194
    • 0019406818 scopus 로고
    • Brain damage due to asphyxia: mechanism of causation
    • Myers RE. Brain damage due to asphyxia: mechanism of causation. J Perinat Med 1981; 9: 78-86.
    • (1981) J Perinat Med , vol.9 , pp. 78-86
    • Myers, R.E.1
  • 195
    • 0019995897 scopus 로고
    • Arterial hypoxemia and hyperinsulinemia in the chronically hyperglycemic fetal lamb
    • Philips AF, Dubin JW, Matty PJ, Raye JR. Arterial hypoxemia and hyperinsulinemia in the chronically hyperglycemic fetal lamb. Pediatr Res 1982; 16: 653-658.
    • (1982) Pediatr Res , vol.16 , pp. 653-658
    • Philips, A.F.1    Dubin, J.W.2    Matty, P.J.3    Raye, J.R.4
  • 196
    • 0025907068 scopus 로고
    • Fetal acidosis and hyperlacticaemia diagnosed by cordocentesis in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus
    • Bradley RJ, Brudenell JM, Nicolaides KH. Fetal acidosis and hyperlacticaemia diagnosed by cordocentesis in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1991; 8: 464-468.
    • (1991) Diabet Med , vol.8 , pp. 464-468
    • Bradley, R.J.1    Brudenell, J.M.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 197
    • 0032728939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amniotic fluid insulin levels identify the fetus at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia
    • Fraser RB, Bruce C. Amniotic fluid insulin levels identify the fetus at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 568-572.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 568-572
    • Fraser, R.B.1    Bruce, C.2
  • 198
    • 0030774903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyoglycaemia of the newborn: a review
    • Williams AF. Hyoglycaemia of the newborn: a review. Bull World Health Organ 1997; 75: 261-290.
    • (1997) Bull World Health Organ , vol.75 , pp. 261-290
    • Williams, A.F.1
  • 199
    • 33746881004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: defining the features associated with adverse outcomes-a challenging remit
    • [Commentary to Rozance PJ, Hay WW. Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: features associated with adverse outcomes. Biol Neonate 2006; 90:74-86.]
    • Hawdon JM. Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: defining the features associated with adverse outcomes-a challenging remit. Biol Neonate 2006; 90: 87-88. [Commentary to Rozance PJ, Hay WW. Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: features associated with adverse outcomes. Biol Neonate 2006; 90:74-86.]
    • (2006) Biol Neonate , vol.90 , pp. 87-88
    • Hawdon, J.M.1
  • 201
    • 0026579608 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of metabolic adaptation for preterm and term infants in the first neonatal week
    • Hawdon JM, Ward Platt MP, Aynsley-Green A. Patterns of metabolic adaptation for preterm and term infants in the first neonatal week. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 357-365.
    • (1992) Arch Dis Child , vol.67 , pp. 357-365
    • Hawdon, J.M.1    Ward Platt, M.P.2    Aynsley-Green, A.3
  • 202
    • 0023700240 scopus 로고
    • Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycemia
    • Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycemia. Br Med J 1988; 297: 1304-1308.
    • (1988) Br Med J , vol.297 , pp. 1304-1308
    • Lucas, A.1    Morley, R.2    Cole, T.J.3
  • 203
    • 0013889721 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal stress and the premature neonate. II. Effect of fluid and calorie deprivation on blood glucose
    • Beard AG, Panos TC, Marasigan BV, Eminians J, Kennedy HF, Lamb J. Perinatal stress and the premature neonate. II. Effect of fluid and calorie deprivation on blood glucose. J Pediatr 1966; 68: 329-343.
    • (1966) J Pediatr , vol.68 , pp. 329-343
    • Beard, A.G.1    Panos, T.C.2    Marasigan, B.V.3    Eminians, J.4    Kennedy, H.F.5    Lamb, J.6
  • 204
    • 0022494365 scopus 로고
    • Polycythemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Mimouni F, Tsang RC, Hertzberg VS, Miodovnik M. Polycythemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia in infants of mother with diabetes. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140: 798-800.
    • (1986) Am J Dis Child , vol.140 , pp. 798-800
    • Mimouni, F.1    Tsang, R.C.2    Hertzberg, V.S.3    Miodovnik, M.4
  • 205
    • 0019520097 scopus 로고
    • Increased erythropoiesis and elevated erythropoietin in infants born to mother with diabetes in hyperinsulinemic rhesus fetuses
    • Widness JA, Susa JB, Garcia JF, Singer DB, Sehgal P, Oh W, et al. Increased erythropoiesis and elevated erythropoietin in infants born to mother with diabetes in hyperinsulinemic rhesus fetuses. J Clin Invest 1981; 67: 637-642.
    • (1981) J Clin Invest , vol.67 , pp. 637-642
    • Widness, J.A.1    Susa, J.B.2    Garcia, J.F.3    Singer, D.B.4    Sehgal, P.5    Oh, W.6
  • 207
    • 0023153095 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory distress syndrome in infants of mother with diabetes in the 1980s: no direct adverse effect of maternal diabetes with modern management
    • Mimouni F, Miodovnik M, Whitsett JA, Holroyde JC, Siddiqi TA, Tsang RC. Respiratory distress syndrome in infants of mother with diabetes in the 1980s: no direct adverse effect of maternal diabetes with modern management. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 69: 191-195.
    • (1987) Obstet Gynecol , vol.69 , pp. 191-195
    • Mimouni, F.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Whitsett, J.A.3    Holroyde, J.C.4    Siddiqi, T.A.5    Tsang, R.C.6
  • 208
    • 0018913831 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the cardiomyopathy in infants of mother with diabetes
    • Gutgesell HP, Speer ME, Rosenberg HS. Characterization of the cardiomyopathy in infants of mother with diabetes. Circulation 1980; 61: 441-450.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.61 , pp. 441-450
    • Gutgesell, H.P.1    Speer, M.E.2    Rosenberg, H.S.3
  • 209
    • 0025934912 scopus 로고
    • Role of prenatal echocardiography in the study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the fetus
    • Zielinsky P. Role of prenatal echocardiography in the study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the fetus. Echocardiography 1991; 8: 661-668.
    • (1991) Echocardiography , vol.8 , pp. 661-668
    • Zielinsky, P.1
  • 210
    • 0036072178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of genetic and non-genetic factors in type 1 diabetes
    • Hawa MI, Beyan H, Buckley LR, Leslie RD. Impact of genetic and non-genetic factors in type 1 diabetes. Am J Med Genet 2002; 115: 8-17.
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.115 , pp. 8-17
    • Hawa, M.I.1    Beyan, H.2    Buckley, L.R.3    Leslie, R.D.4
  • 211
    • 57649210496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of type 2 diabetes
    • Ridderstrale M, Groop L. Genetic dissection of type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 297: 10-17.
    • (2009) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.297 , pp. 10-17
    • Ridderstrale, M.1    Groop, L.2
  • 213
    • 0033645241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships
    • Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, Pettitt DJ, Imperatore G, Gabir MM, et al. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships. Diabetes 2000; 49: 2208-2211.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 2208-2211
    • Dabelea, D.1    Hanson, R.L.2    Lindsay, R.S.3    Pettitt, D.J.4    Imperatore, G.5    Gabir, M.M.6
  • 214
    • 0035095436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fetal hyperinsulinism on oral glucose tolerance test results in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Weiss PA, Scholz HS, Haas J, Tamussino KF. Effect of fetal hyperinsulinism on oral glucose tolerance test results in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184: 470-475.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , pp. 470-475
    • Weiss, P.A.1    Scholz, H.S.2    Haas, J.3    Tamussino, K.F.4
  • 215
    • 0038054448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a diabetic environment in utero on predisposition to type 2 diabetes
    • Sobngwi E, Boudou P, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Leblanc H, Velho G, Vexiau P, et al. Effect of a diabetic environment in utero on predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2003; 361: 1861-1865.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1861-1865
    • Sobngwi, E.1    Boudou, P.2    Mauvais-Jarvis, F.3    Leblanc, H.4    Velho, G.5    Vexiau, P.6
  • 216
    • 38949211488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: the role of intrauterine hyperglycemia
    • Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jensen DM, Lauenborg J, et al. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: the role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 340-346.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 340-346
    • Clausen, T.D.1    Mathiesen, E.R.2    Hansen, T.3    Pedersen, O.4    Jensen, D.M.5    Lauenborg, J.6
  • 217
    • 0021997016 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of diabetes mellitus in mothers of probands with gestational diabetes: possible maternal influence on the predisposition to gestational diabetes
    • Martin A, Simpson JL, Ober C, Freinkel N. Frequency of diabetes mellitus in mothers of probands with gestational diabetes: possible maternal influence on the predisposition to gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 471-475.
    • (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.151 , pp. 471-475
    • Martin, A.1    Simpson, J.L.2    Ober, C.3    Freinkel, N.4
  • 220
    • 0034065523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring: follow-up research in the Pima Indians
    • Dabelea D, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ. Effect of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring: follow-up research in the Pima Indians. J Matern Fetal Med 2000; 9: 83-88.
    • (2000) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.9 , pp. 83-88
    • Dabelea, D.1    Knowler, W.C.2    Pettitt, D.J.3
  • 221
    • 0035432056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low acute insulin secretory responses in adult offspring of people with early onset type 2 diabetes
    • Gautier JF, Wilson C, Weyer C, Mott D, Knowler WC, Cavaghan M, et al. Low acute insulin secretory responses in adult offspring of people with early onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1828-1833.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1828-1833
    • Gautier, J.F.1    Wilson, C.2    Weyer, C.3    Mott, D.4    Knowler, W.C.5    Cavaghan, M.6
  • 222
    • 1242295278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort followed until 80 years of age: the study of men born in 1913
    • Eriksson M, Wallander MA, Krakau I, Wedel H, Svärdsudd K. Birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort followed until 80 years of age: the study of men born in 1913. J Intern Med 2004; 255: 236-246.
    • (2004) J Intern Med , vol.255 , pp. 236-246
    • Eriksson, M.1    Wallander, M.A.2    Krakau, I.3    Wedel, H.4    Svärdsudd, K.5
  • 223
    • 0027529974 scopus 로고
    • Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth
    • Barker DJ, Hales CN, Fall CH, Osmond C, Phipps K, Ckark PM. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 62-67.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , pp. 62-67
    • Barker, D.J.1    Hales, C.N.2    Fall, C.H.3    Osmond, C.4    Phipps, K.5    Ckark, P.M.6
  • 224
    • 4544301144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus: genes or intrauterine environment? An embryo transfer paradigm in rats
    • Gill-Randall R, Adams D, Ollerton RL, Lewis M, Alcolado JC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: genes or intrauterine environment? An embryo transfer paradigm in rats. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1354-1359.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Gill-Randall, R.1    Adams, D.2    Ollerton, R.L.3    Lewis, M.4    Alcolado, J.C.5
  • 227
    • 0033855883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of pregnancy on microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of pregnancy on microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1084-1091.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 1084-1091
  • 228
    • 43049118618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of pregnancy on long-term progression of retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Arun CS, Taylor R. Influence of pregnancy on long-term progression of retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 1041-1045.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Arun, C.S.1    Taylor, R.2
  • 231
    • 17544365430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory markers and retinopathy in pregnancies complicated with type I diabetes
    • Loukovaara S, Immonen I, Koistinen R, Hiilesmaa V, Kaaja R. Inflammatory markers and retinopathy in pregnancies complicated with type I diabetes. Eye 2005; 19: 422-430.
    • (2005) Eye , vol.19 , pp. 422-430
    • Loukovaara, S.1    Immonen, I.2    Koistinen, R.3    Hiilesmaa, V.4    Kaaja, R.5
  • 232
    • 34248681039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of retinopathy in type 1 women with diabetes during pregnancy
    • Kaaja R, Loukovaara S. Progression of retinopathy in type 1 women with diabetes during pregnancy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007; 3: 85-93.
    • (2007) Curr Diabetes Rev , vol.3 , pp. 85-93
    • Kaaja, R.1    Loukovaara, S.2
  • 235
    • 0026520705 scopus 로고
    • Progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: association with hypertension in pregnancy
    • Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Kranias G, Khoury J, Combs CA, Mimouni F, et al. Progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: association with hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1214-1218.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.166 , pp. 1214-1218
    • Rosenn, B.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Kranias, G.3    Khoury, J.4    Combs, C.A.5    Mimouni, F.6
  • 236
    • 65549095442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impact of retinal screening on significant diabetes-related visual impairment in the working age population
    • Arun CS, Al-Bermani A, Stannard K, Taylor R. Long-term impact of retinal screening on significant diabetes-related visual impairment in the working age population. Diabet Med 2009; 26: 489-492.
    • (2009) Diabet Med , vol.26 , pp. 489-492
    • Arun, C.S.1    Al-Bermani, A.2    Stannard, K.3    Taylor, R.4
  • 237
    • 84885976523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Dornhorst A, Hadden DR, eds. Diabetes and Pregnancy: an International Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    • Kitzmiller JL, Combs CA. Management amd outcome of pregnancy complicated by diabetic nephropathy. In: Dornhorst A, Hadden DR, eds. Diabetes and Pregnancy: an International Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1996: 167-206.
    • (1996) anagement amd outcome of pregnancy complicated by diabetic nephropathy , pp. 167-206
    • Kitzmiller, J.L.1    Combs, C.A.2
  • 238
    • 0032841546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy
    • Dunne FP, Chowdhury TA, Hartland A, Smith T, Brydon PA, McConkey C, et al. Pregnancy outcome in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy. Q J Med 1999; 92: 451-454.
    • (1999) Q J Med , vol.92 , pp. 451-454
    • Dunne, F.P.1    Chowdhury, T.A.2    Hartland, A.3    Smith, T.4    Brydon, P.A.5    McConkey, C.6
  • 240
    • 33645352792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced prevalence of early preterm delivery in women with type 1 diabetes and micro-albuminuria: possible effect of early antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy
    • Nielsen LR, Müller C, Damm P, Mathiesen ER. Reduced prevalence of early preterm delivery in women with type 1 diabetes and micro-albuminuria: possible effect of early antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 426-431.
    • (2006) Diabet Med , vol.23 , pp. 426-431
    • Nielsen, L.R.1    Müller, C.2    Damm, P.3    Mathiesen, E.R.4
  • 241
    • 64549092474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved pregnancy outcome in type 1 women with diabetes with microalbuminuria or diabetic nephropathy: effect of intensified antihypertensive therapy?
    • Nielsen LR, Damm P, Mathiesen ER. Improved pregnancy outcome in type 1 women with diabetes with microalbuminuria or diabetic nephropathy: effect of intensified antihypertensive therapy? Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 38-44.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 38-44
    • Nielsen, L.R.1    Damm, P.2    Mathiesen, E.R.3
  • 243
    • 34147096468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival rate in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease in Denmark
    • Sorensen VR, Mathiesen ER, Heaf J, Feldt-Rasmussen B. Improved survival rate in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease in Denmark. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 922-929.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 922-929
    • Sorensen, V.R.1    Mathiesen, E.R.2    Heaf, J.3    Feldt-Rasmussen, B.4
  • 246
    • 0033770650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal complications and three-year follow up of infants of mother with diabetes with diabetic nephropathy stage IV
    • Biesenbach G, Grafinger P, Zazgornik J, Helmut, Stöger. Perinatal complications and three-year follow up of infants of mother with diabetes with diabetic nephropathy stage IV. Ren Fail 2000; 22: 573-580.
    • (2000) Ren Fail , vol.22 , pp. 573-580
    • Biesenbach, G.1    Grafinger, P.2    Zazgornik, J.3    Stöger, H.4
  • 248
    • 33645101846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy in recipients of solid organs: effects on mother and child
    • McKay DB, Josephson MA. Pregnancy in recipients of solid organs: effects on mother and child. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1281-1293.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1281-1293
    • McKay, D.B.1    Josephson, M.A.2
  • 249
    • 34249032978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy after organ transplantation: a report from the UK Transplant pregnancy registry
    • Sibanda N, Briggs JD, Davison JM, Johnson RJ, Rudge CJ. Pregnancy after organ transplantation: a report from the UK Transplant pregnancy registry. Transplantation 2007; 83: 1301-1307.
    • (2007) Transplantation , vol.83 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Sibanda, N.1    Briggs, J.D.2    Davison, J.M.3    Johnson, R.J.4    Rudge, C.J.5
  • 252
    • 13944270664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy and the puerperium: a population-based study
    • Ladner HE, Danielsen B, Gilbert WM. Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy and the puerperium: a population-based study. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105: 480-484.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , pp. 480-484
    • Ladner, H.E.1    Danielsen, B.2    Gilbert, W.M.3
  • 254
    • 46449087555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy
    • Roth A, Elkayam U. Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 5 2: 171-180.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 171-180
    • Roth, A.1    Elkayam, U.2
  • 255
    • 0030294265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy
    • Roth A, Elkayam U. Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy. A nn Intern Med 1996; 1 25: 751-762.
    • (1996) A nn Intern Med , vol.125 , pp. 751-762
    • Roth, A.1    Elkayam, U.2
  • 257
    • 65349085059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005
    • Preis SR, Hwang SJ, Coady S, Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Savage PJ, et al. Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005. Circulation 2009; 119: 1728-1735.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 1728-1735
    • Preis, S.R.1    Hwang, S.J.2    Coady, S.3    Pencina, M.J.4    D'Agostino R.B, Sr.5    Savage, P.J.6
  • 258
    • 33746365582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the general practice research database
    • Soedamah-Muthu SS, Fuller JH, Mulnier HE, Raleigh VS, Lawrenson RA, Colhoun HM. High risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the general practice research database. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 798-804.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 798-804
    • Soedamah-Muthu, S.S.1    Fuller, J.H.2    Mulnier, H.E.3    Raleigh, V.S.4    Lawrenson, R.A.5    Colhoun, H.M.6
  • 259
    • 49249090834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of myocardial infarction in men and women with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database
    • Mulnier HE, Seaman HE, Raleigh VS, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Colhoun HM, Lawrenson RA, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction in men and women with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 1639-1645.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 1639-1645
    • Mulnier, H.E.1    Seaman, H.E.2    Raleigh, V.S.3    Soedamah-Muthu, S.S.4    Colhoun, H.M.5    Lawrenson, R.A.6
  • 260
    • 36849010232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease by gender: 18 years follow-up of 74,914 individuals in the HUNT 1 Study
    • Dale AC, Nilsen TI, Vatten L, Midthjell K, Wiseth R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease by gender: 18 years follow-up of 74,914 individuals in the HUNT 1 Study. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2924-2929.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 2924-2929
    • Dale, A.C.1    Nilsen, T.I.2    Vatten, L.3    Midthjell, K.4    Wiseth, R.5
  • 261
  • 262
    • 33846139695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in maternal obesity incidence rates, demographic predictors, and health inequalities in 36,821 women over a 15-year period
    • Heslehurst N, Ells LJ, Simpson H, Batterham A, Wilkinson J, Summerbell CD. Trends in maternal obesity incidence rates, demographic predictors, and health inequalities in 36,821 women over a 15-year period. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 114: 187-194. 263 Watkins ML, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA, Botto LD, Moore CA.
    • (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.114
    • Heslehurst, N.1    Ells, L.J.2    Simpson, H.3    Batterham, A.4    Wilkinson, J.5    Summerbell C.D6
  • 264
    • 62549097226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of pregnancy outcome and biomarkers of oxidative stress in nulliparous obese women
    • Rajasingam D, Seed PT, Briley AL, Shennan AH, Poston L. A prospective study of pregnancy outcome and biomarkers of oxidative stress in nulliparous obese women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 395,e1-9.
    • (2009) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.200
    • Rajasingam, D.1    Seed, P.T.2    Briley, A.L.3    Shennan, A.H.4    Poston, L.5
  • 268
    • 0014595578 scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations and environmental influences in pregnancy
    • Richards ID. Congenital malformations and environmental influences in pregnancy. Br J Prev Soc Med 1969; 23: 218-225.
    • (1969) Br J Prev Soc Med , vol.23 , pp. 218-225
    • Richards, I.D.1
  • 269
    • 1842855389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In human gestational diabetes mellitus congenital malformations are related to pre-pregnancy body mass index and to severity of diabetes
    • García-Patterson A, Erdozain L, Ginovart G, Adelantado JM, Cubero JM, Gallo G, et al. In human gestational diabetes mellitus congenital malformations are related to pre-pregnancy body mass index and to severity of diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 509-514.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 509-514
    • García-Patterson, A.1    Erdozain, L.2    Ginovart, G.3    Adelantado, J.M.4    Cubero, J.M.5    Gallo, G.6
  • 271
    • 20444419454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-gestational maternal body mass index predicts an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes
    • Martinez-Frias ML, Frías JP, Bermejo E, Rodríguez-Pinilla E, Prieto L, Frías JL. Pre-gestational maternal body mass index predicts an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 775-781.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 775-781
    • Martinez-Frias, M.L.1    Frías, J.P.2    Bermejo, E.3    Rodríguez-Pinilla, E.4    Prieto, L.5    Frías, J.L.6
  • 272
    • 18444411684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy
    • Lazarus JH, Premawardhana LD. Screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58: 449-452.
    • (2005) J Clin Pathol , vol.58 , pp. 449-452
    • Lazarus, J.H.1    Premawardhana, L.D.2
  • 273
    • 0033584469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child
    • Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 549-555.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 549-555
    • Haddow, J.E.1    Palomaki, G.E.2    Allan, W.C.3    Williams, J.R.4    Knight, G.J.5    Gagnon, J.6
  • 274
    • 0026480384 scopus 로고
    • Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism
    • Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB, Stalts H, Rao B, Wong NC. Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1010-1013.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Campbell, N.R.1    Hasinoff, B.B.2    Stalts, H.3    Rao, B.4    Wong, N.C.5
  • 275
    • 12344270869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy: etiology, diagnosis, and management
    • Lazarus JH. Thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Treat Endocrinol 2005; 4: 31-41.
    • (2005) Treat Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 31-41
    • Lazarus, J.H.1
  • 276
    • 33845545460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between pre-pregnancy care and early pregnancy loss, major congenital anomaly or perinatal death in type I diabetes mellitus
    • Scottish Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group
    • Pearson DW, Kernaghan D, Lee R, Penney GC; Scottish Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group. The relationship between pre-pregnancy care and early pregnancy loss, major congenital anomaly or perinatal death in type I diabetes mellitus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 114: 104-107.
    • (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.114 , pp. 104-107
    • Pearson, D.W.1    Kernaghan, D.2    Lee, R.3    Penney, G.C.4
  • 277
    • 0030122206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term cost benefit of pre-conception care for diabetes
    • Elixhauser A, Kitzmiller JL, Weschler JM. Short-term cost benefit of pre-conception care for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 384.
    • (1996) Diabetes Care , vol.19 , pp. 384
    • Elixhauser, A.1    Kitzmiller, J.L.2    Weschler, J.M.3
  • 278
    • 1942446311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands
    • Evers IM, de Valk HW, Visser GH. Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands. Br Med J 2004; 328: 915.
    • (2004) Br Med J , vol.328 , pp. 915
    • Evers, I.M.1    de Valk, H.W.2    Visser, G.H.3
  • 280
    • 0034029453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception care of women with diabetes: the unrevealed obstacles
    • Holing EV. Preconception care of women with diabetes: the unrevealed obstacles. J Matern Fetal Med 2000; 9: 10-13.
    • (2000) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.9 , pp. 10-13
    • Holing, E.V.1
  • 281
    • 0028206372 scopus 로고
    • Personal experience of prepregnancy care in women with insulin dependent diabetes
    • Steel JM. Personal experience of prepregnancy care in women with insulin dependent diabetes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 34: 135-139.
    • (1994) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.34 , pp. 135-139
    • Steel, J.M.1
  • 282
    • 0033050689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-conceptive diabetes care in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Dunne FP, Brydon P, Smith T, Essex M, Nicholson H, Dunn J. Pre-conceptive diabetes care in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Q J Med 1999; 92: 175-176.
    • (1999) Q J Med , vol.92 , pp. 175-176
    • Dunne, F.P.1    Brydon, P.2    Smith, T.3    Essex, M.4    Nicholson, H.5    Dunn, J.6
  • 283
    • 0028019093 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and knowledge regarding contraception and prepregnancy counselling in insulin dependent diabetes
    • Gibb D, Hockey S, Brown LJ, Lunt H. Attitudes and knowledge regarding contraception and prepregnancy counselling in insulin dependent diabetes. N Z Med J 1994; 107: 484-486.
    • (1994) N Z Med J , vol.107 , pp. 484-486
    • Gibb, D.1    Hockey, S.2    Brown, L.J.3    Lunt, H.4
  • 285
    • 33746638286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepregnancy care and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes
    • Temple RC, Aldridge VJ, Murphy HR. Prepregnancy care and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1744-1749.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1744-1749
    • Temple, R.C.1    Aldridge, V.J.2    Murphy, H.R.3
  • 286
    • 26444446984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society consensus guidelines for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in relation to pregnancy
    • McElduff A, Cheung NW, McIntyre HD, Lagström JA, Oats JJ, Ross GP, et al. The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society consensus guidelines for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in relation to pregnancy. Med J Aust 2005; 183: 373-377.
    • (2005) Med J Aust , vol.183 , pp. 373-377
    • McElduff, A.1    Cheung, N.W.2    McIntyre, H.D.3    Lagström, J.A.4    Oats, J.J.5    Ross, G.P.6
  • 287
    • 0028881574 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia: the price of intensive insulin therapy for pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Rosenn BM, Miodovnik M, Holcberg G, Khoury JC, Siddiqi TA. Hypoglycemia: the price of intensive insulin therapy for pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85: 417-422.
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.85 , pp. 417-422
    • Rosenn, B.M.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Holcberg, G.3    Khoury, J.C.4    Siddiqi, T.A.5
  • 288
    • 0037027198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAFNE Study Group. Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial
    • DAFNE Study Group. Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 2002; 325: 746-749.
    • (2002) Br Med J , vol.325 , pp. 746-749
  • 289
    • 0025863475 scopus 로고
    • MRC Vitamin Research Study Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: the results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study
    • MRC Vitamin Research Study Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: the results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. Lancet 1991; 388: 131-137.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.388 , pp. 131-137
  • 290
    • 0031921777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet during pregnancy in a population of pregnant women in South West England. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood
    • Rogers I, Emmett P. Diet during pregnancy in a population of pregnant women in South West England. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52: 246-250.
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.52 , pp. 246-250
    • Rogers, I.1    Emmett, P.2
  • 291
    • 70350640709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of modifiable pre-pregnancy risk factors in preventing adverse fetal outcomes among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Inkster ME, Fahey TP, Donnan PT, Leese GP, Mires GJ, Murphy DJ. The role of modifiable pre-pregnancy risk factors in preventing adverse fetal outcomes among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88: 1153-1157.
    • (2009) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.88 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Inkster, M.E.1    Fahey, T.P.2    Donnan, P.T.3    Leese, G.P.4    Mires, G.J.5    Murphy, D.J.6
  • 292
    • 75149163380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health and nutrition of young indigenous women in north Queensland: intergenerational implications of poor food quality, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking and alcohol use
    • McDermott R, Campbell S, Li M, McCulloch B. The health and nutrition of young indigenous women in north Queensland: intergenerational implications of poor food quality, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking and alcohol use. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12: 2143-2149.
    • (2009) Public Health Nutr , vol.12 , pp. 2143-2149
    • McDermott, R.1    Campbell, S.2    Li, M.3    McCulloch, B.4
  • 293
    • 34848924605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough?
    • Kiel D, Dodson EA, Artal R, Boehmer TK, Leet TL. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough? Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110: 752-758.
    • (2007) Obstet Gynecol , vol.110 , pp. 752-758
    • Kiel, D.1    Dodson, E.A.2    Artal, R.3    Boehmer, T.K.4    Leet, T.L.5
  • 298
    • 0032827305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy treated with ACE inhibitors before pregnancy
    • Bar J, Chen R, Schoenfeld A, Orvieto R, Yahav J, Ben-Rafael Z, et al. Pregnancy outcome in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy treated with ACE inhibitors before pregnancy. J Pediatr Endocrinol 1999; 12: 659-665.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Endocrinol , vol.12 , pp. 659-665
    • Bar, J.1    Chen, R.2    Schoenfeld, A.3    Orvieto, R.4    Yahav, J.5    Ben-Rafael, Z.6
  • 299
    • 0031684331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the teratogenic potential of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy
    • Burrows RF, Burrows EA. Assessing the teratogenic potential of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38: 306-311.
    • (1998) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.38 , pp. 306-311
    • Burrows, R.F.1    Burrows, E.A.2
  • 302
    • 67349103080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor blockers in pregnancy: a report of five cases
    • Gersak K, Cvijic M, Cerar L. Angiotensin II receptor blockers in pregnancy: a report of five cases. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28: 109-112.
    • (2009) Reprod Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 109-112
    • Gersak, K.1    Cvijic, M.2    Cerar, L.3
  • 304
    • 84886070195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint Formulary Committee
    • London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaeutical Society of Great Britain
    • Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary, Vol. 53. London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaeutical Society of Great Britain, 2007.
    • (2007) British National Formulary , vol.53
  • 305
    • 1842714901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system and limb anomalies in case reports of first-trimester statin exposure
    • Edison RJ, Muenke M. Central nervous system and limb anomalies in case reports of first-trimester statin exposure. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1579-1582.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1579-1582
    • Edison, R.J.1    Muenke, M.2
  • 306
    • 0025325235 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes associated with intravenous infusion of the calcium antagonist verapamil in the treatment of severe gestational proteinuric hypertension
    • Belfort MA, Anthony J, Buccimazza A, Davey DA. Hemodynamic changes associated with intravenous infusion of the calcium antagonist verapamil in the treatment of severe gestational proteinuric hypertension. O bstet Gynecol 1990; 7 5: 970-974.
    • (1990) O bstet Gynecol , vol.75 , pp. 970-974
    • Belfort, M.A.1    Anthony, J.2    Buccimazza, A.3    Davey, D.A.4
  • 307
    • 0029923576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety of calcium channel blockers in human pregnancy: a prospective, multicenter cohort study
    • Magee LA, Schick B, Donnenfeld AE, Sage SR, Conover B, Cook L, et al. The safety of calcium channel blockers in human pregnancy: a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 823-828.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 823-828
    • Magee, L.A.1    Schick, B.2    Donnenfeld, A.E.3    Sage, S.R.4    Conover, B.5    Cook, L.6
  • 308
    • 4444382801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and outcome of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy
    • Chan WC, Lim LT, Quinn MJ, Knox FA, McCance D, Best RM. Management and outcome of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy. Eye 2004; 18: 826-832.
    • (2004) Eye , vol.18 , pp. 826-832
    • Chan, W.C.1    Lim, L.T.2    Quinn, M.J.3    Knox, F.A.4    McCance, D.5    Best, R.M.6
  • 309
    • 0345830636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undiagnosed coeliac disease does not appear to be associated with unfavourable outcome of pregnancy
    • Greco L, Veneziano A, Di Donato L, Zampella C, Pecorano M, Paladini D, e t al. Undiagnosed coeliac disease does not appear to be associated with unfavourable outcome of pregnancy. Gut 2004; 53: 149-151.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 149-151
    • Greco, L.1    Veneziano, A.2    Di Donato, L.3    Zampella, C.4    Pecorano, M.5    Paladini, D.6
  • 310
    • 84885984235 scopus 로고
    • In: Hare JW, ed. Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy: The Joslin Clinic Method. New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Hare JW. Medical management. In: Hare JW, ed. Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy: The Joslin Clinic Method. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1989: 35-51.
    • (1989) Medical management , pp. 35-51
    • Hare, J.W.1
  • 312
    • 0035405848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining insulin requirement in the late first trimester of diabetic pregnancy
    • Jovanovic L, Knopp RH, Brown Z, Conley MR, Park E, Mills JL, et al. Declining insulin requirement in the late first trimester of diabetic pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1130-1136.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Jovanovic, L.1    Knopp, R.H.2    Brown, Z.3    Conley, M.R.4    Park, E.5    Mills, J.L.6
  • 313
    • 0029925460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterregulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycemia during pregnancy
    • Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Khoury JC, Siddiqi TA. Counterregulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycemia during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 568-574.
    • (1996) Obstet Gynecol , vol.87 , pp. 568-574
    • Rosenn, B.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Khoury, J.C.3    Siddiqi, T.A.4
  • 315
    • 0033781018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia in first trimester of pregnancy in patients with insulin treated diabetes mellitus
    • Hellmuth E, Damm P, Mølsted-Pedersen L, Bendtson I. Prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia in first trimester of pregnancy in patients with insulin treated diabetes mellitus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79: 958-962.
    • (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.79 , pp. 958-962
    • Hellmuth, E.1    Damm, P.2    Mølsted-Pedersen, L.3    Bendtson, I.4
  • 316
    • 36048973552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the glycemic profiles of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during pregnancy
    • Murphy HR, Rayman G, Duffield K, Lewis KS, Kelly S, Johal B, et al. Changes in the glycemic profiles of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2785-2791.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2785-2791
    • Murphy, H.R.1    Rayman, G.2    Duffield, K.3    Lewis, K.S.4    Kelly, S.5    Johal, B.6
  • 318
    • 0142088660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preprandial versus postprandial blood glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized controlled clinical trial
    • Manderson JG, Patterson CC, Hadden DR, Traub AI, Ennis C, McCance DR. Preprandial versus postprandial blood glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189: 507-512.
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.189 , pp. 507-512
    • Manderson, J.G.1    Patterson, C.C.2    Hadden, D.R.3    Traub, A.I.4    Ennis, C.5    McCance, D.R.6
  • 319
    • 0028880530 scopus 로고
    • Postprandial verses preprandial glucose monitoring in women with gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy
    • DeVeciana M, Major CA, Morgan MA. Postprandial verses preprandial glucose monitoring in women with gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1237-1241.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1237-1241
    • DeVeciana, M.1    Major, C.A.2    Morgan, M.A.3
  • 320
    • 0037380985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous glucose monitoring for the evaluation of gravid women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Yogev Y, Chen R, Ben-Haroush A, Phillip M, Jovanovic L, Hod M. Continuous glucose monitoring for the evaluation of gravid women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101: 633-638.
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.101 , pp. 633-638
    • Yogev, Y.1    Chen, R.2    Ben-Haroush, A.3    Phillip, M.4    Jovanovic, L.5    Hod, M.6
  • 321
    • 33344463651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty-eight-hour first-trimester glucose profiles in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a report of three cases of congenital malformation
    • Kerssen A, de Valk HW, Visser GH. Forty-eight-hour first-trimester glucose profiles in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a report of three cases of congenital malformation. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26: 123-127.
    • (2006) Prenat Diagn , vol.26 , pp. 123-127
    • Kerssen, A.1    de Valk, H.W.2    Visser, G.H.3
  • 322
    • 54549094910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: randomised clinical trial
    • Murphy HR, Rayman G, Lewis K, Kelly S, Johal B, Duffield K, et al. Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: randomised clinical trial. Br Med J 2008; 337:a1680.
    • (2008) Br Med. J , vol.337 , pp. 1680
    • Murphy, H.R.1    Rayman, G.2    Lewis, K.3    Kelly, S.4    Johal, B.5    Duffield, K.6
  • 323
    • 20444442419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ustralian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (A.C.H.O.I.S) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes
    • Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2477-2486.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 2477-2486
    • Crowther, C.A.1    Hiller, J.E.2    Moss, J.R.3    McPhee, A.J.4    Jeffries, W.S.5    Robinson, J.S.6
  • 324
    • 0024433638 scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus-how tight is tight enough: small for gestational age versus large for gestational age?
    • Langer O, Levy J, Brustman L, Anyaegbunam A, Merkatz R, Divon M. Glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus-how tight is tight enough: small for gestational age versus large for gestational age? A m J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 1 61: 646-653.
    • (1989) A m J Obstet Gynecol , vol.161 , pp. 646-653
    • Langer, O.1    Levy, J.2    Brustman, L.3    Anyaegbunam, A.4    Merkatz, R.5    Divon, M.6
  • 325
    • 0033530407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twice daily versus four times daily insulin dose regimens for diabetes in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial
    • Nachum Z, Ben-Shlomo I, Weiner E, Shalev E. Twice daily versus four times daily insulin dose regimens for diabetes in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 1999; 319: 1223-1227.
    • (1999) Br Med J , vol.319 , pp. 1223-1227
    • Nachum, Z.1    Ben-Shlomo, I.2    Weiner, E.3    Shalev, E.4
  • 326
    • 22144484165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-acting insulin analogues in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Plank J, Siebenhofer A, Berghold A, Jeitler K, Horvath K, Mrak P, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-acting insulin analogues in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1337-1344.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 1337-1344
    • Plank, J.1    Siebenhofer, A.2    Berghold, A.3    Jeitler, K.4    Horvath, K.5    Mrak, P.6
  • 327
    • 34147093269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal glycemic control and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized trial of insulin aspart versus human insulin in 322 pregnant women
    • Mathiesen ER, Kinsley B, Amiel SA, Heller S, McCance D, Duran S, et al. Maternal glycemic control and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized trial of insulin aspart versus human insulin in 322 pregnant women. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 771-776.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 771-776
    • Mathiesen, E.R.1    Kinsley, B.2    Amiel, S.A.3    Heller, S.4    McCance, D.5    Duran, S.6
  • 330
    • 43049165806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is insulin lispro safe in pregnant women: does it cause any adverse outcomes on infants or mothers?
    • Aydin Y, Berker D, Direktör N, Ustün I, TütüncüYA, Iik S, et al. Is insulin lispro safe in pregnant women: does it cause any adverse outcomes on infants or mothers? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 80: 444-448.
    • (2008) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.80 , pp. 444-448
    • Aydin, Y.1    Berker, D.2    Direktör, N.3    Ustün, I.4    Tütüncü, Y.A.5    Iik, S.6
  • 331
    • 39149086086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetic patients treated with insulin lispro or regular insulin: an Italian experience
    • Lapolla A, DalfràMG, Spezia R, Anichini R, Bonomo M, Bruttomesso D, et al. Outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetic patients treated with insulin lispro or regular insulin: an Italian experience. Acta Diabetol 2008; 45: 61-66.
    • (2008) Acta Diabetol , vol.45 , pp. 61-66
    • Lapolla, A.1    Dalfrà, M.G.2    Spezia, R.3    Anichini, R.4    Bonomo, M.5    Bruttomesso, D.6
  • 332
    • 43249084400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lispro and regular insulin for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy
    • Durnwald CP, Landon MB. A comparison of lispro and regular insulin for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21: 309-313.
    • (2008) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.21 , pp. 309-313
    • Durnwald, C.P.1    Landon, M.B.2
  • 333
    • 11844250564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin analogues
    • Hirsch IB. Insulin analogues. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 174-183.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 174-183
    • Hirsch, I.B.1
  • 334
    • 0342657181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations of receptor binding and metabolic and mitogenic potencies of insulin analogs designed for clinical use
    • Kurtzhals P, Schäffer L, Sørensen A, Kristensen C, Jonassen I, Schmid C, et al. Correlations of receptor binding and metabolic and mitogenic potencies of insulin analogs designed for clinical use. Diabetes 2000; 49: 999-1005.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 999-1005
    • Kurtzhals, P.1    Schäffer, L.2    Sørensen, A.3    Kristensen, C.4    Jonassen, I.5    Schmid, C.6
  • 335
    • 39749197453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of glargine use in 115 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes
    • Gallen IW, Jaap A, Roland JM, Chirayath HH. Survey of glargine use in 115 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008; 25: 165-169.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 165-169
    • Gallen, I.W.1    Jaap, A.2    Roland, J.M.3    Chirayath, H.H.4
  • 336
    • 33847784767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of insulin glargine during pregnancy: a case-control pilot study
    • Price N, Bartlett C, Gillmer M. Use of insulin glargine during pregnancy: a case-control pilot study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 114: 453-457.
    • (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.114 , pp. 453-457
    • Price, N.1    Bartlett, C.2    Gillmer, M.3
  • 338
    • 7444266730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections: the impact of baseline A1c
    • Retnakaran R, Hochman J, DeVries JH, Hanaire-Broutin H, Heine RJ, Melki V, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections: the impact of baseline A1c. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2590-2596.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2590-2596
    • Retnakaran, R.1    Hochman, J.2    DeVries, J.H.3    Hanaire-Broutin, H.4    Heine, R.J.5    Melki, V.6
  • 339
    • 35548976210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs intensive conventional insulin therapy in pregnant women with diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • Mukhopadhyay A, Farrell T, Fraser RB, Ola B. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs intensive conventional insulin therapy in pregnant women with diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197: 447-456.
    • (2007) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.197 , pp. 447-456
    • Mukhopadhyay, A.1    Farrell, T.2    Fraser, R.B.3    Ola, B.4
  • 340
    • 38949112845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes
    • CD005542
    • Farrar D, Tuffnell DJ, West J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 3:CD005542.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.3
    • Farrar, D.1    Tuffnell, D.J.2    West, J.3
  • 341
    • 0142027080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pump or conventional insulin therapy
    • Lapolla A, DalfràMG, Masin M, Bruttomesso D, Piva I, Crepaldi C, et al. Analysis of outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pump or conventional insulin therapy. Acta Diabetol 2003; 40: 143-149.
    • (2003) Acta Diabetol , vol.40 , pp. 143-149
    • Lapolla, A.1    Dalfrà, M.G.2    Masin, M.3    Bruttomesso, D.4    Piva, I.5    Crepaldi, C.6
  • 342
    • 18144393121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental passage of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Vanky E, Zahlsen K, Spigset O, Carlsen SM. Placental passage of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1575-1578.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.83 , pp. 1575-1578
    • Vanky, E.1    Zahlsen, K.2    Spigset, O.3    Carlsen, S.M.4
  • 343
    • 33645075725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy: has its time come?
    • Hawthorne G. Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy: has its time come? Diabet Med 2006; 23: 223-227.
    • (2006) Diabet Med , vol.23 , pp. 223-227
    • Hawthorne, G.1
  • 344
    • 36049030622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterpoint: oral hypoglyemic agents should be used to treat diabetic pregnant women
    • Coetzee EJ. Counterpoint: oral hypoglyemic agents should be used to treat diabetic pregnant women. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2980-2982.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2980-2982
    • Coetzee, E.J.1
  • 345
    • 33846943354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-year retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcome in pregestational type 2 diabetes: comparison of insulin and oral glucose-lowering agents
    • Ekpebegh CO, Coetzee EJ, van der Merwe L, Levitt NS. A 10-year retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcome in pregestational type 2 diabetes: comparison of insulin and oral glucose-lowering agents. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 253-258.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 253-258
    • Ekpebegh, C.O.1    Coetzee, E.J.2    van der Merwe, L.3    Levitt, N.S.4
  • 346
    • 33748099537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: a meta-analysis
    • Gilbert C, Valois M, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 658-663.
    • (2006) Fertil Steril , vol.86 , pp. 658-663
    • Gilbert, C.1    Valois, M.2    Koren, G.3
  • 347
    • 60749104826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review
    • Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, Neale D, Wilson L, Bass E. Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113: 193-205.
    • (2009) Obstet Gynecol , vol.113 , pp. 193-205
    • Nicholson, W.1    Bolen, S.2    Witkop, C.T.3    Neale, D.4    Wilson, L.5    Bass, E.6
  • 348
    • 43249092553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiG Trial Investigators. Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes
    • Rowan JA, Hague WM, Gao W, Battin MR, Moore MP; MiG Trial Investigators. Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2003-2015.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2003-2015
    • Rowan, J.A.1    Hague, W.M.2    Gao, W.3    Battin, M.R.4    Moore, M.P.5
  • 349
    • 0034687440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Langer O, Conway DL, Berkus MD, Xenakis EM, Gonzales O. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1134-1138.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1134-1138
    • Langer, O.1    Conway, D.L.2    Berkus, M.D.3    Xenakis, E.M.4    Gonzales, O.5
  • 350
    • 0010034571 scopus 로고
    • In: Hytten E, Chamberlain G, eds. Clinical Physiology in Obstetrics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Hytten FF. Nutrition. In: Hytten E, Chamberlain G, eds. Clinical Physiology in Obstetrics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1980: 163-192.
    • (1980) Nutrition , pp. 163-192
    • Hytten, F.F.1
  • 353
    • 67651120128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of gestational weight gain with short-and longer-term maternal and child health outcomes
    • Oken E, Kleinman KP, Belfort MB, Hammitt JK, Gillman MW. Associations of gestational weight gain with short-and longer-term maternal and child health outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170: 173-180.
    • (2009) Am J Epidemiol , vol.170 , pp. 173-180
    • Oken, E.1    Kleinman, K.P.2    Belfort, M.B.3    Hammitt, J.K.4    Gillman, M.W.5
  • 355
    • 45749084436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy
    • Nohr E, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sørensen TIa, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM. Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 1750-1759.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.87 , pp. 1750-1759
    • Nohr, E.1    Vaeth, M.2    Baker, J.L.3    Sørensen, T.Ia.4    Olsen, J.5    Rasmussen, K.M.6
  • 356
    • 11244337879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac anomalies: a practical approach using two basic views
    • discussion 1137-1138
    • Barboza JM, Dajani NK, Glenn LG, Angtuaco TL. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac anomalies: a practical approach using two basic views. Radiographics 2002; 22:1125-1137; discussion 1137-1138.
    • (2002) Radiographics , vol.22 , pp. 1125-1137
    • Barboza, J.M.1    Dajani, N.K.2    Glenn, L.G.3    Angtuaco, T.L.4
  • 358
    • 0033957934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control throughout pregnancy and fetal growth in insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Raychaudhuri K, Maresh M. Glycemic control throughout pregnancy and fetal growth in insulin-dependent diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 190-194.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.95 , pp. 190-194
    • Raychaudhuri, K.1    Maresh, M.2
  • 359
    • 0024393525 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of diet versus diet plus cardiovascular conditioning on glucose levels in gestational diabetes
    • Jovanovic-Peterson L, Durak EP, Peterson CM. Randomized trial of diet versus diet plus cardiovascular conditioning on glucose levels in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 415-419.
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.161 , pp. 415-419
    • Jovanovic-Peterson, L.1    Durak, E.P.2    Peterson, C.M.3
  • 360
    • 0742304270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance exercise decreases the need for insulin in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Brankston GN, Mitchell BF, Ryan EA, Okun NB. Resistance exercise decreases the need for insulin in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 188-193.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , pp. 188-193
    • Brankston, G.N.1    Mitchell, B.F.2    Ryan, E.A.3    Okun, N.B.4
  • 361
    • 68149114084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or insulin: a case-control study
    • Balani J, Hyer SL, Rodin DA, Shehata H. Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or insulin: a case-control study. Diabet Med 2009; 26: 798-802.
    • (2009) Diabet Med , vol.26 , pp. 798-802
    • Balani, J.1    Hyer, S.L.2    Rodin, D.A.3    Shehata, H.4
  • 362
    • 52249117686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of glibenclamide in women with gestational diabetes
    • Holt RI, Clarke P, Parry EC, Coleman MA. The effectiveness of glibenclamide in women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 906-911.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 906-911
    • Holt, R.I.1    Clarke, P.2    Parry, E.C.3    Coleman, M.A.4
  • 363
    • 84886034288 scopus 로고
    • The management of pregnancy in diabetics
    • In: Transactions of the 12th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Peel J, Oakley W. The management of pregnancy in diabetics. In: Transactions of the 12th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 1949: 161.
    • (1949) , pp. 161
    • Peel, J.1    Oakley, W.2
  • 364
    • 0019948474 scopus 로고
    • The British survey of diabetic pregnancies
    • Beard RW, Lowy C. The British survey of diabetic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982: 89: 783-786.
    • (1982) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.89 , pp. 783-786
    • Beard, R.W.1    Lowy, C.2
  • 365
    • 0032697372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of diabetic pregnancy with spontaneous labor after 38 weeks
    • McAuliffe FM, Foley M, Firth R, Drury I, Stronge JM. Outcome of diabetic pregnancy with spontaneous labor after 38 weeks. Ir J Med Sci 1999; 168: 160-163.
    • (1999) Ir J Med Sci , vol.168 , pp. 160-163
    • McAuliffe, F.M.1    Foley, M.2    Firth, R.3    Drury, I.4    Stronge, J.M.5
  • 366
    • 34447126231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstetric management in gestational diabetes
    • Conway DL. Obstetric management in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 (Suppl 2): 175-179.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 175-179
    • Conway, D.L.1
  • 367
    • 0027451860 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-requiring diabetes in pregnancy: a randomized trial of active induction of labor and expectant management
    • Kjos SL, Henry OA, Montoro M, Buchanan TA, Mestman JH. Insulin-requiring diabetes in pregnancy: a randomized trial of active induction of labor and expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 611-615.
    • (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.169 , pp. 611-615
    • Kjos, S.L.1    Henry, O.A.2    Montoro, M.3    Buchanan, T.A.4    Mestman, J.H.5
  • 368
    • 0030000949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of labor at 38 to 39 weeks of gestation reduces the incidence of shoulder dystocia in gestational diabetic patients class A2
    • Lurie S, Insler V, Hagay ZJ. Induction of labor at 38 to 39 weeks of gestation reduces the incidence of shoulder dystocia in gestational diabetic patients class A2. Am J Perinatol 1996; 13: 293-296.
    • (1996) Am J Perinatol , vol.13 , pp. 293-296
    • Lurie, S.1    Insler, V.2    Hagay, Z.J.3
  • 369
    • 52049123327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with preterm delivery in women with pregestational diabetes
    • Matsushita E, Matsuda Y, Makino Y, Sanaka M, Ohta H. Risk factors associated with preterm delivery in women with pregestational diabetes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008; 34: 851-857.
    • (2008) J Obstet Gynaecol Res , vol.34 , pp. 851-857
    • Matsushita, E.1    Matsuda, Y.2    Makino, Y.3    Sanaka, M.4    Ohta, H.5
  • 370
    • 9444294996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with preterm delivery in women with type 1 diabetes: a cohort study
    • Lepercq J, Coste J, Theau A, Dubois-Laforgue D, Timsit J. Factors associated with preterm delivery in women with type 1 diabetes: a cohort study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2824-2828.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2824-2828
    • Lepercq, J.1    Coste, J.2    Theau, A.3    Dubois-Laforgue, D.4    Timsit, J.5
  • 371
    • 0036715406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin dose during glucocorticoid treatment for fetal lung maturation in diabetic pregnancy: test of an algorithm [correction of analgoritm]
    • Mathiesen ER, Christensen AB, Hellmuth E, Hornnes P, Stage E, Damm P. Insulin dose during glucocorticoid treatment for fetal lung maturation in diabetic pregnancy: test of an algorithm [correction of analgoritm]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 835-839.
    • (2002) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.81 , pp. 835-839
    • Mathiesen, E.R.1    Christensen, A.B.2    Hellmuth, E.3    Hornnes, P.4    Stage, E.5    Damm, P.6
  • 372
    • 0037232339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protocol for improved glycemic control following corticosteroid therapy in diabetic pregnancies
    • Kaushal K, Gibson JM, Railton A, Hounsome B, New JP, Young RJ. A protocol for improved glycemic control following corticosteroid therapy in diabetic pregnancies. Diabet Med 2003; 20: 73-75.
    • (2003) Diabet Med , vol.20 , pp. 73-75
    • Kaushal, K.1    Gibson, J.M.2    Railton, A.3    Hounsome, B.4    New, J.P.5    Young, R.J.6
  • 373
    • 0023682036 scopus 로고
    • Intrapartum management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) gestants: a comparative study of constant intravenous insulin infusion and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump (CSIIP)
    • Feldberg D, Dicker D, Samuel N, Peleg D, Karp M, Goldman JA. Intrapartum management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) gestants: a comparative study of constant intravenous insulin infusion and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump (CSIIP). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67: 333-338.
    • (1988) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.67 , pp. 333-338
    • Feldberg, D.1    Dicker, D.2    Samuel, N.3    Peleg, D.4    Karp, M.5    Goldman, J.A.6
  • 375
    • 0032709532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of management policy upon 120 type 1 diabetic pregnancies: policy decisions in practice
    • Carron Brown S, Kyne-Grzebalski D, Mwnagi B, Taylor R. Effect of management policy upon 120 type 1 diabetic pregnancies: policy decisions in practice. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 573-578.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 573-578
    • Carron Brown, S.1    Kyne-Grzebalski, D.2    Mwnagi, B.3    Taylor, R.4
  • 376
    • 67949114340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Watchful waiting: a management protocol for maternal glycaemia in the peripartum period
    • Barrett HL, Morris J, McElduff A. Watchful waiting: a management protocol for maternal glycaemia in the peripartum period. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 49: 162-167.
    • (2009) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol , vol.49 , pp. 162-167
    • Barrett, H.L.1    Morris, J.2    McElduff, A.3
  • 377
    • 1442332049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System
    • Grummer-Strawn LM, Mei Z. Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Pediatrics 2004; 113:e81-86.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113
    • Grummer-Strawn, L.M.1    Mei, Z.2
  • 380
    • 44449110716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast-feeding and type 2 diabetes in the youth of three ethnic groups: the SEARCh for diabetes in youth case-control study
    • Mayer-Davis EJ, Dabelea D, Lamichhane AP, D'Agostino RB Jr, Liese AD, Thomas J, et al. Breast-feeding and type 2 diabetes in the youth of three ethnic groups: the SEARCh for diabetes in youth case-control study. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 470-475.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 470-475
    • Mayer-Davis, E.J.1    Dabelea, D.2    Lamichhane, A.P.3    D'Agostino Jr, R.B.4    Liese, A.D.5    Thomas, J.6
  • 381
    • 27744461300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast feeding and the risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases in the child
    • Plagemann A, Harder T. Breast feeding and the risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases in the child. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2005; 3: 222-232.
    • (2005) Metab Syndr Relat Disord , vol.3 , pp. 222-232
    • Plagemann, A.1    Harder, T.2
  • 382
    • 19544383427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excretion of metformin into breast milk and the effect on nursing infants
    • Briggs GG, Ambrose PJ, Nageotte MP, Padilla G, Wan S. Excretion of metformin into breast milk and the effect on nursing infants. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105: 1437-1441.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , pp. 1437-1441
    • Briggs, G.G.1    Ambrose, P.J.2    Nageotte, M.P.3    Padilla, G.4    Wan, S.5
  • 383
    • 34547220401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: a paradigm shift?
    • Feig DS, Briggs GG, Koren G. Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: a paradigm shift? Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41: 1174-1180.
    • (2007) Ann Pharmacother , vol.41 , pp. 1174-1180
    • Feig, D.S.1    Briggs, G.G.2    Koren, G.3
  • 384
    • 0000866310 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy
    • O'Sullivan JB, Mahan CM. Criteria for oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy. Diabetes 1964; 13: 278-285.
    • (1964) Diabetes , vol.13 , pp. 278-285
    • O'Sullivan, J.B.1    Mahan, C.M.2
  • 385
  • 386
    • 57349182542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes: effects of metformin and lifestyle interventions
    • Ratner RE, Christophi CA, Metzger BE, Dabelea D, Bennett PH, Pi-Sunyer X, et al. Prevention of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes: effects of metformin and lifestyle interventions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 4774-4779.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 4774-4779
    • Ratner, R.E.1    Christophi, C.A.2    Metzger, B.E.3    Dabelea, D.4    Bennett, P.H.5    Pi-Sunyer, X.6
  • 387
    • 0036781530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
    • Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 1862-1868.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1862-1868
    • Kim, C.1    Newton, K.M.2    Knopp, R.H.3
  • 388
    • 0026351214 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and severity of gestational diabetes mellitus according to country of birth in women living in Australia
    • Beischer NA, Oats JN, Henry OA, Sheedy MT, Walstab JE. Incidence and severity of gestational diabetes mellitus according to country of birth in women living in Australia. Diabetes 1991; 40 (Suppl 2): 35-38.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , Issue.2 SUPPL , pp. 35-38
    • Beischer, N.A.1    Oats, J.N.2    Henry, O.A.3    Sheedy, M.T.4    Walstab, J.E.5
  • 389
    • 0025895266 scopus 로고
    • Long-term implications of gestational diabetes for the mother
    • Henry OA, Beischer NA. Long-term implications of gestational diabetes for the mother. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 5: 461-483.
    • (1991) Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.5 , pp. 461-483
    • Henry, O.A.1    Beischer, N.A.2
  • 391
    • 0027172215 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes in pregnancy in Zuni Indian women: prevalence and subsequent development of clinical diabetes after gestational diabetes
    • Benjamin E, Winters D, Mayfield J, Gohdes D. Diabetes in pregnancy in Zuni Indian women: prevalence and subsequent development of clinical diabetes after gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 1231-1235.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 1231-1235
    • Benjamin, E.1    Winters, D.2    Mayfield, J.3    Gohdes, D.4
  • 392
    • 0027517158 scopus 로고
    • Prepregnancy weight and antepartum insulin secretion predict glucose tolerance five years after gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Metzger BE, Cho NH, Roston SM, Radvany R. Prepregnancy weight and antepartum insulin secretion predict glucose tolerance five years after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 1598-1605.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 1598-1605
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Cho, N.H.2    Roston, S.M.3    Radvany, R.4
  • 394
    • 34147099693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of develop ing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis
    • Lee AJ, Hiscock RJ, Wein P, Walker SP, Permezel M. Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of develop ing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 878-883.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 878-883
    • Lee, A.J.1    Hiscock, R.J.2    Wein, P.3    Walker, S.P.4    Permezel, M.5
  • 395
    • 0030047976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term diabetogenic effect of single pregnancy in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Peters RK, Kjos SL, Xiang A, Buchanan TA. Long-term diabetogenic effect of single pregnancy in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1996; 347: 227-230.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 227-230
    • Peters, R.K.1    Kjos, S.L.2    Xiang, A.3    Buchanan, T.A.4
  • 396
    • 0033499585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antepartum predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes in Latino women 11-26 months after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Kjos SL, Trigo E, Lee WP, Peters RK. Antepartum predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes in Latino women 11-26 months after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. Diabetes 1999; 48: 2430-2436.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2430-2436
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Kjos, S.L.3    Trigo, E.4    Lee, W.P.5    Peters, R.K.6
  • 397
    • 0036724346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Peters RK, Kjos SL, Marroquin A, Goico J, et al. Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women. Diabetes 2002; 51: 2796-2803.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2796-2803
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Peters, R.K.3    Kjos, S.L.4    Marroquin, A.5    Goico, J.6
  • 398
    • 33748036728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missed opportunities for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Kim C, Tabaei BP, Burke R, McEwen LN, Lash RW, Johnson SL, et al. Missed opportunities for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1643-1648.
    • (2006) Am J Public Health , vol.96 , pp. 1643-1648
    • Kim, C.1    Tabaei, B.P.2    Burke, R.3    McEwen, L.N.4    Lash, R.W.5    Johnson, S.L.6
  • 399
    • 41349102956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who returns for postpartum glucose screening following gestational diabetes mellitus?
    • Hunt KJ, Conway DL. Who returns for postpartum glucose screening following gestational diabetes mellitus? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198: 404, e1-6.
    • (2008) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.198
    • Hunt, K.J.1    Conway, D.L.2
  • 400
    • 61849183098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in postpartum diabetes screening and subsequent diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus: a report from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study
    • Ferrara A, Peng T, Kim C. Trends in postpartum diabetes screening and subsequent diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus: a report from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 269-274.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 269-274
    • Ferrara, A.1    Peng, T.2    Kim, C.3
  • 401
    • 34247633053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and cost of postpartum screening strategies for diabetes among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Kim C, Herman WH, Vijan S. Efficacy and cost of postpartum screening strategies for diabetes among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1102-1106.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Kim, C.1    Herman, W.H.2    Vijan, S.3
  • 402
    • 0037660880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A postnatal fasting plasma glucose is useful in determining which women with gestational diabetes should undergo a postnatal oral glucose tolerance test
    • Holt RI, Goddard JR, Clarke P, Coleman MA. A postnatal fasting plasma glucose is useful in determining which women with gestational diabetes should undergo a postnatal oral glucose tolerance test. Diabet Med 2003; 20: 594-598.
    • (2003) Diabet Med , vol.20 , pp. 594-598
    • Holt, R.I.1    Goddard, J.R.2    Clarke, P.3    Coleman, M.A.4
  • 403
  • 404
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
  • 405
    • 34247552766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
    • Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1314-1319.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1314-1319
    • Kim, C.1    Berger, D.K.2    Chamany, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.