The interplay between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in chronic inflammation and cancer

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 18, Issue 15, 2011, Pages 2263-2271

  Cesario, A ^a   Rocca, B ^b   Rutella, S ^a,b  

^a IRCCS SAN RAFFAELE PISANA   (Italy)

^b CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cancer; Cyclooxygenase 2; Hematopoietic growth factors; Immune tolerance; Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase; Prostaglandins; Regulatory T cell

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ARACHIDONIC ACID; CANCER VACCINE; CATECHIN; CELECOXIB; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE INHIBITOR; INDOMETACIN; INTERFERON; KYNURENINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PROSTANOID;

ADD ON THERAPY; ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CIRCULATION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; ENZYME METABOLISM; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFLAMMATION; MICROENVIRONMENT; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS;

EID: 79957947446     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: 1875533X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/092986711795656063     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Mellor, A.L.; Munn, D.H. IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2004, 4(10), 762-774. (Pubitemid 39336293)
2. Takikawa, O.; Yoshida, R.; Kido, R.; Hayaishi, O. Tryptophan degradation in mice initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J. Biol. Chem., 1986, 261(8), 3648-3653. (Pubitemid 17200663)
3. Munn, D.H.; Zhou, M.; Attwood, J.T.; Bondarev, I.; Conway, S.J.; Marshall, B.; Brown, C.; Mellor, A.L. Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science, 1998, 281(5380), 1191-1193. (Pubitemid 28406294)
4. Uyttenhove, C.; Pilotte, L.; Theate, I.; Stroobant, V.; Colau, D.; Parmentier, N.; Boon, T.; Van den Eynde, B.J. Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase. Nat. Med., 2003, 9(10), 1269-1274. (Pubitemid 37279849)
5. Prendergast, G.C. Immune escape as a fundamental trait of cancer: focus on IDO. Oncogene, 2008, 27(28), 3889-3900. (Pubitemid 351913639)
6. Munn, D.H.; Mellor, A.L. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, 117(5), 1147-1154. (Pubitemid 46718399)
7. Muller, A.J.; DuHadaway, J.B.; Donover, P.S.; Sutanto-Ward, E.; Prendergast, G.C. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunoregulatory target of the cancer suppression gene Bin1, potentiates cancer chemotherapy. Nat. Med., 2005, 11(3), 312-319. (Pubitemid 40460560)
8. Beyer, M.; Schultze, J.L. Regulatory T cells in cancer. Blood, 2006, 108(3), 804-811. (Pubitemid 44154611)
9. Roncarolo, M.G.; Gregori, S.; Battaglia, M.; Bacchetta, R.; Fleischhauer, K.; Levings, M.K. Interleukin-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans. Immunol. Rev., 2006, 212(1), 28-50. (Pubitemid 44116698)
10. Nishikawa, H.; Jager, E.; Ritter, G.; Old, L.J.; Gnjatic, S. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control the induction of antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cell responses in cancer patients. Blood, 2005, 106(3), 1008-1011. (Pubitemid 41076447)
11. Curiel, T.J.; Coukos, G.; Zou, L.; Alvarez, X.; Cheng, P.; Mottram, P.; Evdemon-Hogan, M.; Conejo-Garcia, J.R.; Zhang, L.; Burow, M.; Zhu, Y.; Wei, S.; Kryczek, I.; Daniel, B.; Gordon, A.; Myers, L.; Lackner, A.; Disis, M.L.; Knutson, K.L.; Chen, L.; Zou, W. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat. Med., 2004, 10(9), 942-949. (Pubitemid 39273735)
12. Bergmann, C.; Strauss, L.; Zeidler, R.; Lang, S.; Whiteside, T.L. Expansion of human T regulatory type 1 cells in the microenvironment of cyclooxygenase 2 overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(18), 8865-8873. (Pubitemid 47437463)
13. Yamaguchi, T.; Sakaguchi, S. Regulatory T cells in immune surveillance and treatment of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol, 2006, 16(2), 115-123. (Pubitemid 43172060)
14. Niederkorn, J.Y. Emerging concepts in CD8+ T regulatory cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 2008, 20(3), 327-331.
15. Jarnicki, A.G.; Lysaght, J.; Todryk, S.; Mills, K.H. Suppression of antitumor immunity by IL-10 and TGF-α-producing T cells infiltrating the growing tumor: influence of tumor environment on the induction of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol., 2006, 177(2), 896-904. (Pubitemid 44036590)
16. Kiniwa, Y.; Miyahara, Y.; Wang, H.Y.; Peng, W.; Peng, G.; Wheeler, T.M.; Thompson, T.C.; Old, L.J.; Wang, R.F. CD8+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells mediate immunosuppression in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 2007, 13(23), 6947-6958. (Pubitemid 350276874)
17. Sica, A.; Bronte, V. Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, 117(5), 1155-1166. (Pubitemid 46718400)
18. Terabe, M.; Berzofsky, J.A. NKT cells in immunoregulation of tumor immunity: a new immunoregulatory axis. Trends Immunol, 2007, 28(11), 491-496. (Pubitemid 350087811)
19. Lu, L.F.; Lind, E.F.; Gondek, D.C.; Bennett, K.A.; Gleeson, M.W.; Pino- Lagos, K.; Scott, Z.A.; Coyle, A.J.; Reed, J.L.; Van Snick, J.; Strom, T.B.; Zheng, X.X.; Noelle, R.J. Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T-cell tolerance. Nature, 2006, 442(7106), 997-1002. (Pubitemid 44330250)
20. Rutella, S.; Danese, S.; Leone, G. Tolerogenic dendritic cells: cytokine modulation comes of age. Blood, 2006, 108(5), 1435-1440. (Pubitemid 44316106)
21. Gabrilovich, D.I.; Bronte, V.; Chen, S.H.; Colombo, M.P.; Ochoa, A.; Ostrand-Rosenberg, S.; Schreiber, H. The terminology issue for myeloidderived suppressor cells. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(1), 425. (Pubitemid 46142802)
22. Lee, J.R.; Dalton, R.R.; Messina, J.L.; Sharma, M.D.; Smith, D.M.; Burgess, R.E.; Mazzella, F.; Antonia, S.J.; Mellor, A.L.; Munn, D.H. Pattern of recruitment of immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells in malignant melanoma. Lab Invest, 2003, 83(10), 1457-1466. (Pubitemid 37267829)
23. Munn, D.H.; Sharma, M.D.; Lee, J.R.; Jhaver, K.G.; Johnson, T.S.; Keskin, D.B.; Marshall, B.; Chandler, P.; Antonia, S.J.; Burgess, R.; Slingluff, C.L. Jr.; Mellor, A.L. Potential regulatory function of human dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Science, 2002, 297(5588), 1867-1870. (Pubitemid 35024345)
24. Munn, D.H.; Sharma, M.D.; Hou, D.; Baban, B.; Lee, J.R.; Antonia, S.J.; Messina, J.L.; Chandler, P.; Koni, P.A.; Mellor, A.L. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in tumordraining lymph nodes. J. Clin. Invest., 2004, 114(2), 280-290. (Pubitemid 39071633)
25. Serafini, P.; Meckel, K.; Kelso, M.; Noonan, K.; Califano, J.; Koch, W.; Dolcetti, L.; Bronte, V.; Borrello, I. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition augments endogenous antitumor immunity by reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell function. J. Exp. Med., 2006, 203(12), 2691-2702. (Pubitemid 44833345)
26. Jia, W.; Jackson-Cook, C.; Graf, M.R. Tumor-infiltrating, myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T cell activity by nitric oxide production in an intracranial rat glioma+vaccination model. J Neuroimmunol, 2010, 223(1-2), 20-30.
27. Miwa, N.; Hayakawa, S.; Miyazaki, S.; Myojo, S.; Sasaki, Y.; Sakai, M.; Takikawa, O.; Saito, S. IDO expression on decidual and peripheral blood dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages after treatment with CTLA-4 or interferon-increase in normal pregnancy but decrease in spontaneous abortion. Mol Hum Reprod, 2005, 11(12), 865-870.
28. Nagamatsu, T.; Schust, D.J. The immunomodulatory roles of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface. Reprod Sci, 2010, 17(3), 209-218.
29. Tulic, M.K.; Sly, P.D.; Andrews, D.; Crook, M.; Davoine, F.; Odemuyiwa, S.O.; Charles, A.; Hodder, M.L.; Prescott, S.L.; Holt, P.G.; Moqbel, R. Thymic indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-positive eosinophils in young children: potential role in maturation of the naive immune system. Am J Pathol, 2009, 175(5), 2043-2052.
30. Riesenberg, R.; Weiler, C.; Spring, O.; Eder, M.; Buchner, A.; Popp, T.; Castro, M.; Kammerer, R.; Takikawa, O.; Hatz, R.A.; Stief, C.G.; Hofstetter, A.; Zimmermann, W. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in tumor endothelial cells correlates with long-term survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res., 2007, 13(23), 6993-7002. (Pubitemid 350276880)
31. Odemuyiwa, S.O.; Ghahary, A.; Li, Y.; Puttagunta, L.; Lee, J.E.; Musat- Marcu, S.; Moqbel, R. Cutting edge: human eosinophils regulate T cell subset selection through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J. Immunol., 2004, 173(10), 5909-5913. (Pubitemid 39487742)
32. Prendergast, G.C.; Metz, R.; Muller, A.J. Towards a genetic definition of cancer-associated inflammation: role of the IDO pathway. Am J Pathol, 2010, 176(5), 2082-2087.
33. Wobser, M.; Voigt, H.; Houben, R.; Eggert, A.O.; Freiwald, M.; Kaemmerer, U.; Kaempgen, E.; Schrama, D.; Becker, J.C. Dendritic cell based antitumor vaccination: impact of functional indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2007, 56(7), 1017-1024. (Pubitemid 46675300)
34. Munn, D.H.; Mellor, A.L. IDO and tolerance to tumors. Trends Mol. Med., 2004, 10(1), 15-18. (Pubitemid 38165324)
35. Ball, H.J.; Sanchez-Perez, A.; Weiser, S.; Austin, C.J.; Astelbauer, F.; Miu, J.; McQuillan, J.A.; Stocker, R.; Jermiin, L.S.; Hunt, N.H. Characterization of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein found in humans and mice. Gene, 2007, 396(1), 203-213. (Pubitemid 46818792)
36. Ball, H.J.; Yuasa, H.J.; Austin, C.J.; Weiser, S.; Hunt, N.H. Indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase-2; a new enzyme in the kynurenine pathway. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 2009, 41(3), 467-471.
37. Metz, R.; Duhadaway, J.B.; Kamasani, U.; Laury-Kleintop, L.; Muller, A.J.; Prendergast, G.C. Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(15), 7082-7087. (Pubitemid 47206533)
38. Munn, D.H. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tumor-induced tolerance and counter-regulation. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 2006, 18(2), 220-225. (Pubitemid 43327306)
39. Muller, A.J.; Malachowski, W.P.; Prendergast, G.C. Indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase in cancer: targeting pathological immune tolerance with smallmolecule inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2005, 9(4), 831-849. (Pubitemid 41131682)
40. Rutella, S.; Bonanno, G.; De Cristofaro, R. Targeting indoleamine 2,3- dioxygense (IDO) to counteract tumour-induced immune dysfunction: Frombiochemistry to clinical development. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2009, 9(2), 151-177.
41. Di Pucchio, T.; Danese, S.; De Cristofaro, R.; Rutella, S. Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: a review of novel patented lead compounds. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 2010, 20(2), 229-250.
42. Soliman, H.H.; Antonia, S.J.; Sullivan, D.; Vanahanian, N.; Link, C. Overcoming tumor antigen anergy in human malignancies using the novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme inhibitor, 1-methyl-Dtryptophan (1MT). J. Clin. Oncol., 2009, 27(15S), 3004A.
43. Liu, X.; Shin, N.; Koblish, H.K.; Yang, G.; Wang, Q.; Wang, K.; Leffet, L.; Hansbury, M.J.; Thomas, B.; Rupar, M.; Waeltz, P.; Bowman, K.J.; Polam, P.; Sparks, R.B.; Yue, E.W.; Li, Y.; Wynn, R.; Fridman, J.S.; Burn, T.C.; Combs, A.P.; Newton, R.C.; Scherle, P.A. Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity. Blood, 2010, 115(17), 3520-3530.
44. Xu, H.; Oriss, T.B.; Fei, M.; Henry, A.C.; Melgert, B.N.; Chen, L.; Mellor, A.L.; Munn, D.H.; Irvin, C.G.; Ray, P.; Ray, A. Indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase in lung dendritic cells promotes Th2 responses and allergic inflammation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2008, 105(18), 6690-6695. (Pubitemid 351754568)
45. Xu, H.; Zhang, G.X.; Ciric, B.; Rostami, A. IDO: a double-edged sword for T(H)1/T(H)2 regulation. Immunol. Lett., 2008, 121(1), 1-6.
46. Muller, A.J.; Sharma, M.D.; Chandler, P.R.; Duhadaway, J.B.; Everhart, M.E.; Johnson, B.A. 3rd; Kahler, D.J.; Pihkala, J.; Soler, A.P.; Munn, D.H.; Prendergast, G.C.; Mellor, A.L. Chronic inflammation that facilitates tumor progression creates local immune suppression by inducing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2008, 105(44), 17073-17078.
47. Bonanno, G.; Corallo, M.; Mariotti, A.; Di Maggio, A.; Procoli, A.; De Rosa, L.; Pierelli, L.; Majolino, I.; Leone, G.; De Cristofaro, R.; Rutella, S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed by multiple myeloma plasma cells and promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells: Investigations into the role of hepatocyte growth factor. Blood, 2008, 112(2), 1680A.
48. Rutella, S.; Bonanno, G.; Procoli, A.; Mariotti, A.; de Ritis, D.G.; Curti, A.; Danese, S.; Pessina, G.; Pandolfi, S.; Natoni, F.; Di Febo, A.; Scambia, G.; Manfredini, R.; Salati, S.; Ferrari, S.; Pierelli, L.; Leone, G.; Lemoli, R.M. Hepatocyte growth factor favors monocyte differentiation into regulatory interleukin (IL)-10++IL-12low/neg accessory cells with dendritic-cell features. Blood, 2006, 108(1), 218-227. (Pubitemid 43990632)
49. Rocca, B.; FitzGerald, G.A. Cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins: shaping up the immune response. Int Immunopharmacol, 2002, 2(5), 603-630. (Pubitemid 34246363)
50. Ladetto, M.; Vallet, S.; Trojan, A.; Dell'Aquila, M.; Monitillo, L.; Rosato, R.; Santo, L.; Drandi, D.; Bertola, A.; Falco, P.; Cavallo, F.; Ricca, I.; De Marco, F.; Mantoan, B.; Bode-Lesniewska, B.; Pagliano, G.; Francese, R.; Rocci, A.; Astolfi, M.; Compagno, M.; Mariani, S.; Godio, L.; Marino, L.; Ruggeri, M.; Omede, P.; Palumbo, A.; Boccadoro, M. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in multiple myeloma and is an independent predictor of poor outcome. Blood, 2005, 105(12), 4784-4791. (Pubitemid 40807304)
51. Menter, D.G. Cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitors in cancer treatment and prevention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 2002, 11(12), 1749-1764. (Pubitemid 35469920)
52. Menter, D.G.; Schilsky, R.L.; DuBois, R.N. Cyclooxygenase-2 and cancer treatment: understanding the risk should be worth the reward. Clin Cancer Res, 2010, 16(5), 1384-1390.
53. Langenbach, R.; Loftin, C.; Lee, C.; Tiano, H. Cyclooxygenase knockout mice: models for elucidating isoform-specific functions. Biochem Pharmacol, 1999, 58(8), 1237-1246. (Pubitemid 29406158)
54. Yao, C.; Sakata, D.; Esaki, Y.; Li, Y.; Matsuoka, T.; Kuroiwa, K.; Sugimoto, Y.; Narumiya, S. Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling promotes immune inflammation through Th1 cell differentiation and Th17 cell expansion. Nat Med, 2009, 15(6), 633-640.
55. Napolitani, G.; Acosta-Rodriguez, E.V.; Lanzavecchia, A.; Sallusto, F. Prostaglandin E2 enhances Th17 responses via modulation of IL-17 and IFN-production by memory CD4+ T cells. Eur. J. Immunol., 2009, 39(5), 1301-1312.
56. Blanco, J.C.G.; Contursi, C.; Salkowski, C.A.; DeWitt, D.L.; Ozato, K.; Vogel, S.N. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-2 regulate interferon -dependent cyclooxygenase 2 expression. J. Exp. Med., 2000, 191(12), 2131-2144. (Pubitemid 30416360)
57. Vila del Sol, V.; Fresno, M. Involvement of TNF and NF-B in the transcriptional control of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by IFN- in macrophages. J. Immunol., 2005, 174, 2825-2833. (Pubitemid 40279699)
58. Deng, W.G.; Montero, A.J.; Wu, K.K. Interferon-suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity by inhibiting C-Jun and C/EBP binding. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2007, 27(8), 1752-1759. (Pubitemid 47207170)
59. Klampfer, L.; Huang, J.; Kaler, P.; Sasazuki, T.; Shirasawa, S.; Augenlicht, L. STAT1-independent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by IFN; a common pathway of IFN-mediated gene repression but not gene activation. Oncogene, 2007, 26(14), 2071-2081. (Pubitemid 46514750)
60. Rocca, B.; Spain, L.M.; Ciabattoni, G.; Patrono, C.; FitzGerald, G.A. Differential expression and regulation of cyclooxygenase isozymes in thymic stromal cells. J. Immunol., 1999, 162(8), 4589-4597. (Pubitemid 29314858)
61. Byrne, G.I.; Lehmann, L.K.; Kirschbaum, J.G.; Borden, E.C.; Lee, C.M.; Brown, R.R. Induction of tryptophan degradation in vitro and in vivo: a interferon-stimulated activity. J Interferon Res, 1986, 6(4), 389-396. (Pubitemid 16003259)
62. Ozaki, Y.; Edelstein, M.P.; Duch, D.S. Induction of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase: a mechanism of the antitumor activity of interferon . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1988, 85(4), 1242-1246. (Pubitemid 18073985)
63. Carlin, J.M.; Borden, E.C.; Sondel, P.M.; Byrne, G.I. Biologic-responsemodifier- induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. J. Immunol., 1987, 139(7), 2414-2418. (Pubitemid 17152142)
64. Caplen, H.S.; Gupta, S.L. Differential regulation of a cellular gene by human interferon- and interferon-α. J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263(1), 332-339. (Pubitemid 18041081)
65. Takikawa, O.; Kuroiwa, T.; Yamazaki, F.; Kido, R. Mechanism of interferon-action. Characterization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in cultured human cells induced by interferon-and evaluation of the enzymemediated tryptophan degradation in its anticellular activity. J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263(4), 2041-2048. (Pubitemid 18052167)
66. Du, M.X.; Sotero-Esteva, W.D.; Taylor, M.W. Analysis of transcription factors regulating induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by IFN-. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 2000, 20(2), 133-142. (Pubitemid 30123741)
67. Tas, S.W.; Vervoordeldonk, M.J.; Hajji, N.; Schuitemaker, J.H.; van der Sluijs, K.F.; May, M.J.; Ghosh, S.; Kapsenberg, M.L.; Tak, P.P.; de Jong, E.C. Noncanonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells is required for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induction and immune regulation. Blood, 2007, 110(5), 1540-1549. (Pubitemid 47443970)
68. Moore, A.E.; Greenhough, A.; Roberts, H.R.; Hicks, D.J.; Patsos, H.A.; Williams, A.C.; Paraskeva, C. HGF/Met signalling promotes PGE2 biogenesis via regulation of COX-2 and 15-PGDH expression in colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis, 2009, 30(10), 1796-1804.
69. Scarpino, S.; Duranti, E.; Stoppacciaro, A.; Pilozzi, E.; Natoli, G.; Sciacchitano, S.; Luciani, E.; Ruco, L. COX-2 is induced by HGF stimulation in Met-positive thyroid papillary carcinoma cells and is involved in tumour invasiveness. J Pathol, 2009, 218(4), 487-494.
70. Chen, J.H.; Wu, C.W.; Kao, H.L.; Chang, H.M.; Li, A.F.; Liu, T.Y.; Chi, C.W. Effects of COX-2 inhibitor on growth of human gastric cancer cells and its relation to hepatocyte growth factor. Cancer Lett, 2006, 239(2), 263-270. (Pubitemid 43974872)
71. Kanayama, S.; Yamada, Y.; Kawaguchi, R.; Tsuji, Y.; Haruta, S.; Kobayashi, H. Hepatocyte growth factor induces anoikis resistance by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in uterine endometrial cancer cells. Oncol. Rep., 2008, 19(1), 117-122. (Pubitemid 351176139)
72. Siegfried, J.M.; Gubish, C.T.; Rothstein, M.E.; Queiroz de Oliveira, P.E.; Stabile, L.P. Signaling pathways involved in cyclooxygenase-2 induction by hepatocyte growth factor in non small-cell lung cancer. Mol Pharmacol, 2007, 72(3), 769-779. (Pubitemid 47347312)
73. Stolina, M.; Sharma, S.; Lin, Y.; Dohadwala, M.; Gardner, B.; Luo, J.; Zhu, L.; Kronenberg, M.; Miller, P.W.; Portanova, J.; Lee, J.C.; Dubinett, S.M. Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 restores antitumor reactivity by altering the balance of IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis. J. Immunol., 2000, 164(1), 361-370. (Pubitemid 30013010)
74. Sharma, S.; Zhu, L.; Yang, S.C.; Zhang, L.; Lin, J.; Hillinger, S.; Gardner, B.; Reckamp, K.; Strieter, R.M.; Huang, M.; Batra, R.K.; Dubinett, S.M. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition promotes IFN-α-dependent enhancement of antitumor responses. J. Immunol., 2005, 175(2), 813-819. (Pubitemid 41094963)
75. Akasaki, Y.; Liu, G.; Chung, N.H.; Ehtesham, M.; Black, K.L.; Yu, J.S. Induction of a CD4+ T regulatory type 1 response by cyclooxygenase-2- overexpressing glioma. J. Immunol., 2004, 173(7), 4352-4359. (Pubitemid 39280663)
76. Braun, D.; Longman, R.S.; Albert, M.L. A two-step induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during dendritic-cell maturation. Blood, 2005, 106(7), 2375-2381. (Pubitemid 41510810)
77. Banerjee, D.K.; Dhodapkar, M.V.; Matayeva, E.; Steinman, R.M.; Dhodapkar, K.M. Expansion of FOXP3high regulatory T cells by human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and after injection of cytokine-matured DCs in myeloma patients. Blood, 2006, 108(8), 2655-2661.
78. Sayama, S.; Yoshida, R.; Oku, T.; Imanishi, J.; Kishida, T.; Hayaishi, O. Inhibition of interferon-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mouse lung by inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1981, 78(12), 7327-7330. (Pubitemid 12186133)
79. Schroecksnadel, K.; Winkler, C.; Wirleitner, B.; Schennach, H.; Fuchs, D. Aspirin down-regulates tryptophan degradation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2005, 140(1), 41-45. (Pubitemid 40461071)
80. Marshall, B.; Keskin, D.B.; Mellor, A.L. Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and cell adhesion by a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme. BMC Biochem, 2001, 2(1), 5.
81. Basu, G.D.; Tinder, T.L.; Bradley, J.M.; Tu, T.; Hattrup, C.L.; Pockaj, B.A.; Mukherjee, P. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor enhances the efficacy of a breast cancer vaccine: role of IDO. J. Immunol., 2006, 177(4), 2391-2402. (Pubitemid 44201000)
82. Mukherjee, P.; Basu, G.D.; Tinder, T.L.; Subramani, D.B.; Bradley, J.M.; Arefayene, M.; Skaar, T.; De Petris, G. Progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is significantly impeded with a combination of vaccine and COX-2 inhibition. J. Immunol., 2009, 182(1), 216-224.
83. Iachininoto, M.G.; Nuzzolo, E.R.; Di Maggio, A.; Bonanno, G.; Mariotti, A.; Procoli, A.; Corallo, M.; Leone, G.; De Cristofaro, R.; Rutella, S. COX-2 inhibition suppresses the interferon-α-induced expression of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO) in human leukemia cell lines. Blood, 2008, 112(2), 1623A.
84. Lee, S.Y.; Choi, H.K.; Lee, K.J.; Jung, J.Y.; Hur, G.Y.; Jung, K.H.; Kim, J.H.; Shin, C.; Shim, J.J.; In, K.H.; Kang, K.H.; Yoo, S.H. The immune tolerance of cancer is mediated by IDO that is inhibited by COX-2 inhibitors through regulatory T cells. J Immunother, 2009, 32(1), 22-28.
85. Jeong, Y.I.; Jung, I.D.; Lee, J.S.; Lee, C.M.; Lee, J.D.; Park, Y.M.(-)- Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in murine dendritic cells: evidences for the COX-2 and STAT1 as potential targets. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, 354(4), 1004-1009. (Pubitemid 46216233)
86. Muller, A.J.; Scherle, P.A. Targeting the mechanisms of tumoral immune tolerance with small-molecule inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2006, 6(8), 613-625. (Pubitemid 44140859)
87. Jung, I.D.; Lee, M.G.; Chang, J.H.; Lee, J.S.; Jeong, Y.I.; Lee, C.M.; Park, W.S.; Han, J.; Seo, S.K.; Lee, S.Y.; Park, Y.M. Blockade of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock. J. Immunol., 2009, 182(5), 3146-3154.
88. Huttunen, R.; Syrjanen, J.; Aittoniemi, J.; Oja, S.S.; Raitala, A.; Laine, J.; Pertovaara, M.; Vuento, R.; Huhtala, H.; Hurme, M. High activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase enzyme predicts disease severity and case fatality in bacteremic patients. Shock, 2010, 33(2), 149-154.
89. Logters, T.T.; Laryea, M.D.; Altrichter, J.; Sokolowski, J.; Cinatl, J.; Reipen, J.; Linhart, W.; Windolf, J.; Scholz, M.; Wild, M. Increased plasma kynurenine values and kynurenine: tryptophan ratios after major trauma are early indicators for the development of sepsis. Shock, 2009, 32(1), 29-34.
90. Scott, G.N.; DuHadaway, J.; Pigott, E.; Ridge, N.; Prendergast, G.C.; Muller, A.J.; Mandik-Nayak, L. The immunoregulatory enzyme IDO paradoxically drives B cell-mediated autoimmunity. J. Immunol., 2009, 182(12), 7509-7517.
91. Kearney, P.M.; Baigent, C.; Godwin, J.; Halls, H.; Emberson, J.R.; Patrono, C. Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Metaanalysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 2006, 332(7553), 1302-1308.
92. Rocca, B. Targeting PGE2 receptor subtypes rather than cyclooxygenases: a bridge over troubled water? Mol Interv, 2006, 6(2), 68-73, 58.
93. Jurgens, B.; Hainz, U.; Fuchs, D.; Felzmann, T.; Heitger, A. Interferon-α triggered indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase competence in human monocytederived dendritic cells induces regulatory activity in allogeneic T cells. Blood, 2009, published online 25 July 2009, doi:10.1182/blood-2008-12- 195073.
94. Babcock, T.A.; Carlin, J.M. Transcriptional activation of indoleamine dioxygenase by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α?in interferontreated epithelial cells. Cytokine, 2000, 12(6), 588-594. (Pubitemid 30453486)
95. Jung, I.D.; Lee, C.M.; Jeong, Y.I.; Lee, J.S.; Park, W.S.; Han, J.; Park, Y.M. Differential regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells. FEBS Lett., 2007, 581(7), 1449-1456. (Pubitemid 46463960)
96. Yadav, M.C.; Burudi, E.M.; Alirezaei, M.; Flynn, C.C.; Watry, D.D.; Lanigan, C.M.; Fox, H.S. IFN-α-induced IDO and WRS expression in microglia is differentially regulated by IL-4. Glia, 2007, 55(13), 1385-1396. (Pubitemid 47328941)
97. Musso, T.; Gusella, G.L.; Brooks, A.; Longo, D.L.; Varesio, L. Interleukin-4 inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human monocytes. Blood, 1994, 83(5), 1408-1411. (Pubitemid 24062865)
98. Thomas, S.R.; Mohr, D.; Stocker, R. Nitric oxide inhibits indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase activity in interferon-primed mononuclear phagocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 1994, 269(20), 14457-14464.
99. Yuan, W.; Collado-Hidalgo, A.; Yufit, T.; Taylor, M.; Varga, J. Modulation of cellular tryptophan metabolism in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-α: selective inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol., 1998, 177(1), 174-186. (Pubitemid 28421533)
100. Beutelspacher, S.C.; Tan, P.H.; McClure, M.O.; Larkin, D.F.; Lechler, R.I.; George, A.J. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by endothelial cells: implications for the control of alloresponses. Am J Transplant, 2006, 6(6), 1320-1330. (Pubitemid 44030315)
101. Boasso, A.; Herbeuval, J.P.; Hardy, A.W.; Anderson, S.A.; Dolan, M.J.; Fuchs, D.; Shearer, G.M. HIV inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood, 2007, 109(8), 3351-3359. (Pubitemid 46572523)
102. Pawlak, K.; Domaniewski, T.; Mysliwiec, M.; Pawlak, D. The kynurenines are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis, 2009, 204(1), 309-314.
103. Mohib, K.; Wang, S.; Guan, Q.; Mellor, A.L.; Sun, H.; Du, C.; Jevnikar, A.M. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression promotes renal ischemiareperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2008, 295(1), F226-234.