The educational attributes and responsibilities of effective medical educators

Academic Medicine

Volumn 86, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 474-480

  Hatem, Charles J ^a   Searle, Nancy S ^b   Gunderman, Richard ^c   Krane, N Kevin ^d   Perkowski, Linda ^e   Schutze, Gordon E ^b   Steinert, Yvonne ^f  

^a MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^f MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955111188     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820cb28a     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Ludmerer K. Time to Heal. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999.
2. Cuban L. How Scholars Trumped Teachers. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 1999.
3. Searle NS, Hatem CJ, Perkowski L, Wilkerson L. Why invest in an educational fellowship program? Acad Med. 2006;81:936-940. http:// journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/ 2006/11000/Why-Invest-in-an- Educational- Fellowship-Program-.2.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 44655565)
4. Hatem CJ, Lown BA, Newman LR. The academic health center coming of age: Helping faculty become better teachers and agents of educational change. Acad Med. 2006;81:941-944. http://journals.lww.com/ academicmedicine/Fulltext/2006/ 11000/The- Academic-Health-Center-Coming-of-Age- Helping.3.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 44655566)
5. Skeff K, Stratos G, Mount J. Faculty development in medicine: A field in evolution. Teaching Teach Educ. April 2007; 23:280-285.
6. Mann K. Thinking about learning: Implications for principle-based professional education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2002; 22:69-76.
7. Baylor College of Medicine. Faculty Development Conference: A 2020 Vision of Faculty Development Across the Medical Education Continuum; February 26-27, 2010; Houston, Tex. http://www.bcm.edu/ fac-ed/?PMID-15709. Accessed December 17, 2010.
8. Harden RM, Crosby J. AMEE Guide No 20: The good teacher is more than a lecturer- The twelve roles of the teacher. Med Teach. 2000;22:334-347. (Pubitemid 30459962)
9. Molenaar WM, Zanting A, Van Beukelen P, et al. A framework of teaching competencies across the medical education continuum. Med Teach. 2009;31:390-396.
10. Skeff K, Stratos G, Bergen M, Regula D. A pilot study of faculty development for basic science teachers. Acad Med. 1998;73:701-704. http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/ Abstract/1998/06000/A-pilot-study-of- faculty-development-for-basic.18.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 28293090)
11. Skeff KM. The chromosomal analysis of teaching: The search for promoter genes. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2007;118: 123-132.
12. Hesketh EA, Bagnall G, Buckley EG, et al. A framework for developing excellence as a clinical educator. Med Educ. 2001;35:555-564. (Pubitemid 32655592)
13. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. CanMEDS 2005 Physician Competency Framework. http://rcpsc.medical. org/canmeds/index.php. Accessed December 17, 2010.
14. Harris DL, Krause KC, Parish DC, Smith MU. Academic competencies for medical faculty. Fam Med. 2007;39:343-350. (Pubitemid 46740434)
15. Duvivier RJ, Van Dalen J, Van Der Vluten CPM, Scherpbier AJ. Teacher perceptions of desired qualities, competencies and strategies for clinical skills teachers. Med Teach. 2009; 31:634-641.
16. Irby DM. What clinical teachers in medicine need to know. Acad Med. 1994;69:333-342. http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/ Abstract/1994/05000/ What-clinical-teachers- in-medicine-need-to-know.3.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 24167060)
17. Hatem CJ, Lown BA, Newman LR. Strategies for creating a faculty fellowship in medical education: Report of a 10-year experience. Acad Med. 2009;84:1098-1103. http://journals. lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2009/ 08000/ Strategies-for-Creating-a-Faculty-Fellowship-in. 28.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010.
18. Norman G. Teaching basic science to optimize transfer. Med Teach. 2009;31:807-811.
19. Reiser SJ. A Code of Ethics for Teaching Medicine. In: Spiro H, Curnen M, Peschel E, St. James D (eds.) Empathy and the Practice of Medicine. New Haven and London, CT: Yale University Press; 1993.
20. Wassermann S. How I Taught Myself How To Teach. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School; 1982. Case 3-383-016.
21. Bryan CS. Osler: Inspirations From a Great Physician. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1997.
22. Reilly B. Inconvenient truths about effective clinical teaching. Lancet. 2007;370:705-711. (Pubitemid 47285320)
23. Fitzgerald F. Curiosity. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:70-72. (Pubitemid 29019850)
24. Ferguson R. The nine and a half commandments of good teaching. http:// teaching.uchicago.edu/handbook/tac04.html. Accessed December 17, 2010.
25. Fried R. The Passionate Teacher. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press; 2001.
26. Schweitzer A. Albert Schweitzer: Thoughts for Our Times. Anderson E, ed. Mount Vernon, NY: Peter Pauper Press; 1975.
27. Cruess S, Cruess R, Steinert Y. Role modeling making the most of a powerful teaching strategy. BMJ. 2008;336:718-721. (Pubitemid 351481217)
28. Patel V, Yoskowitz N, Arocha J, Shortliffe E. Cognitive and learning sciences in biomedical and health instructional design: A review with lessons for biomedical informatics education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2009;42:176-197.
29. Mayer R. Multi-Media Learning. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
30. Kosslyn S. Clear and to the Point. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007.
31. Patel V, Yoskowitz N, Arocha J. Towards effective evaluation and reform in medical education: A cognitive and learning sciences perspective. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2009;14:791-812.
32. Simpson D, Fincher RM, Hafler JP, et al. Advancing educators and education by defining the components and evidence associated with educational scholarship. Med Educ. 2007;41:1002-1009. (Pubitemid 47508613)
33. Grande J. Training of physicians for the twenty-first century: Role of the basic sciences. Med Teach. 2009;31:802-806.
34. Woods N, Neville A, Levinson A, Howey E, Oczkowski W, Norman G. The value of basic science in clinical diagnosis. Acad Med. 2006; 81(10 suppl):S124 -S127. http://journals.lww. com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2006/10001/ The-Value-of-Basic-Science-in-Clinical- Diagnosis.31.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010.
35. Wilkerson L, Stevens C, Krasne S. No content without context: Integrating basic, clinical and social sciences in a pre-clerkship curriculum. Med Teach. 2009;31:812-821.
36. Hafler JP, Ownby AR, Thompson BM, et al. Decoding the learning environment of medical education: Faculty development for a hidden curriculum. Acad Med. 2011;86:440-444.
37. Brown G, Manogue M. AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 22: Refreshing lecturing: A guide for lecturers. Med Teach. 2001;23:231-244. (Pubitemid 32454911)
38. Copeland H, Longworth D, Hewson M. Successful lecturing. J Gen Intern Med. 2000; 15:366-371.
39. Newman L, Lown B, Jones R, Johansson A, Schwartzstein R. Developing a peer assessment of lecturing instrument: Lessons learned. Acad Med. 2009;84:1104-1110. http://journals.lww. com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2009/ 08000/ Developing-a-Peer-Assessment-of-Lecturing. 29.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010.
40. Jacques D. ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: Teaching small groups. BMJ. 2003; 326:492-494.
41. Christensen CR, Garvin D, Sweet A. Education for Judgment: The Artistry of Discussion Leadership. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press; 1991.
42. Wilkerson L, Irby DM. Strategies for improving teaching practices. A comprehensive approach to faculty development. Acad Med. 1998;73:387-396. http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/ Abstract/1998/04000/Strategies-for- improving-teaching-practices-a.11.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 28215045)
43. Calabrese L. Sir William Osler then and now: Thoughts for the osteopathic profession. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005;105:245-249.
44. Pratt D, Magill M. Educational contracts: A basis for effective clinical teaching. J Med Educ. 1983;58:462-467. (Pubitemid 13055503)
45. Ende J. Feedback in clinical medical education. JAMA. 1983;250:777-781. (Pubitemid 13039569)
46. Sandars J. The use of reflection in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 44. Med Teach. 2009;31:685-695.
47. Jason H. Becoming a truly helpful teacher: Considerably more challenging, and potentially more fun, than merely doing business as usual. Adv Physiol Educ. 2007;31: 312-317.
48. Timpson W, Burgoyne S. Teaching & Performing. 2nd ed. Madison, Wisc: Atwood Publishing; 2002.
49. Harasym P, Tsai TC, Hemmati P. Current trends in developing medical students' critical thinking abilities. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2008; 24:341-355.
50. Norman G. Critical Thinking and Critical Appraisal. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2002.
51. Lowry C. Supporting and Facilitating Self- Directed Learning. ERIC Digest No. 93.
52. Steinert Y. Faculty development in the new millennium: Key challenges and future directions. Med Teach. 2000;22:44-50. (Pubitemid 30042767)
53. Steinert Y, Cruess R, Cruess S, Boudreau JD, Fuks A. Faculty development as an instrument of change: A case study on teaching professionalism. Acad Med. 2007;82:1057- 1064. http://journals.lww.com/academic medicine/Fulltext/2007/ 11000/Faculty- Development-as-an-Instrument-of-Change- A.9.aspx. Accessed December 17, 2010. (Pubitemid 350035790)