Use of flow cytometry to measure biogeochemical rates and processes in the ocean

Annual Review of Marine Science

Volumn 3, Issue , 2011, Pages 537-566

  Lomas, Michael W ^a   Bronk, Deborah A ^b   Van Den Engh, Ger ^c  

^a BERMUDA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Bermuda)

^b VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

^c BD Advanced Cytometry Group   (United States)

Author keywords

environmental genomics; environmental monitoring; flow cytometry; marine biogeochemistry; microbial oceanography; phytoplankton

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GENOMICS; METAGENOMICS; MICROBIAL ASSEMBLAGE; MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS; MICROBIAL METABOLISM; MICROBIAL OCEANOGRAPHY;

ALGAE CONTROL; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; PHYTOPLANKTON;

ANALYTICAL GEOCHEMISTRY;

BACTERIUM; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FUNCTIONAL GROUP; GENOMICS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PHYTOPLANKTON;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENETICS; GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PHYTOPLANKTON; REVIEW; SEA; TIME;

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES; OCEANS AND SEAS; PHYTOPLANKTON; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 79953000668     PISSN: 19411405     EISSN: 19410611     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142834     Document Type: Article

References (160)

1. Alivisatos P. 2004. The use of nanocrystals in biological detection. Nat. Biotechnol. 22:47-52 (Pubitemid 38057955)
2. Alonso-Sáez A, Gason JM, Lefort T, Hofer J, Sommaruga R. 2006. Effect of natural sunlight on bacterial activity and differential sensitivity of natural bacterioplankton groups in northwestern Mediterranean coastal waters. Appl. Eniviron. Microbiol. 70:5806-13 (Pubitemid 44414605)
3. Alvain S, Moulin C, Dandonneau Y, Loisel H. 2008. Seasonal distribution and succession of dominant phytoplankton groups in the global ocean: A satellite view. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22:GB3001
4. Amann RI, Binder JJ, Olson RJ, Chisholm SW, Devereux R, Stahl DA. 1990. Combination of 16S rRNAtargeted oligonucleotide probes with flow cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations. Appl. Eniviron. Microb. 56:1919-25 (Pubitemid 20202165)
5. Armbrust EV. 2009. The life of diatoms in the world's oceans. Nature 459:185-92
6. Barbesti S, Citterio S, Labra M, Baroini MD, Neri MG, Sgorbati S. 2000. Two and three-color fluorescence flow cytometric analysis of immunoidentified viable bacteria. Cytometry A 40:214-18 (Pubitemid 30441524)
7. Beja O, Aravind L, Koonin EV, Suzuki MT, Hadd A, et al. 2000a. Bacterial rhodopsin: Evidence for a new type of phototrophy in the sea. Science 289:1902-6
8. Beja O, Suzuki M, Koonin E, Aravind L, Hadd A, et al. 2000b. Construction and analysis of bacterial artificial chromosome libraries from a marine microbial assemblage. Environ. Microbiol. 2:516-29 (Pubitemid 33136690)
9. BinetM, Stauber J, Franklin N, AdamsM. 2006. Applications of flow cytometry to marine ecotoxicology and ballast water studies. Cytometry A 69A:403-4
10. Bouvier T, del Giorgio PA, Gasol JM. 2007. A comparative study of the cytometric characteristics of high and low nucleic-acid bacterioplankton cells from different aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Microbiol. 9:2050-66 (Pubitemid 47057358)
11. Boyanapalli R, Bullerjahn GS, Pohl C, Croot P, Boyd P, McKay R. 2007. Luminescent whole-cell cyanobacterial bioreporter for measuring Fe availability in diverse marine environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1019-24 (Pubitemid 46233525)
12. Bradley P, Sanderson MP, Frischer ME, Brofft J, Booth MG, et al. 2010a. Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the stratified Mid-Atlantic Bight. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 88:429-41
13. Bradley PB, Lomas MW, Bronk DA. 2010b. Inorganic and organic nitrogen use by phytoplankton along Chesapeake Bay, measured using a flow cytometric sorting approach. Estuar. Coasts 33:971-84
14. Bratbak G. 1985. Bacterial biovolume and biomass estimations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:1488-93 (Pubitemid 15021152)
15. Brock TD. 1967. Micro-organisms adapted to high temperatures. Nature 214:882-85
16. Brussaard CPD. 2004a. Optimization of procedures for counting viruses by flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:1506-13 (Pubitemid 38365132)
17. BrussaardCPD. 2004b. Viral control of phytoplankton populations: A review. J. Eukaryotic Microbiol. 51:125-38 (Pubitemid 38503849)
18. Brussaard CPD,Marie D, Thyrhaug R, Bratbak G. 2001. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton viability following viral infection. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 26:157-66 (Pubitemid 34235263)
19. Button DK, Robertson BR. 2001. Determination of DNA content of aquatic bacteria by flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1636-45 (Pubitemid 33644934)
20. Campbell L, Olson RJ, Sosik HM, Abraham A, Henriches DW, et al. 2010. First harmful Dinophysis (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) bloom in the U.S. is revealed by automated imagine flow cytometer. J. Phycol. 46:66-75
21. Casey J, Lomas MW, Michelou V, Dyhrman S, Orchard E, et al. 2009. Phytoplankton taxon-specific orthophosphate (Pi) and ATP utilization in the western subtropical North Atlantic. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 58:31-44
22. Casey J, Lomas MW, Mandecki J, Walker D. 2007. Prochlorococcus contributes to new production in the Sargasso Sea deep chlorophyll maximum. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34:L10604
23. Charlson R, Lovelock J, Andreae M, Warren S. 1987. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326:655-61 (Pubitemid 17604026)
24. Chisholm SW,Olson RJ, Zettler ER,Goericke R,Waterbury JB, WelschmeyerNA. 1988. A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone. Nature 334:340-43 (Pubitemid 19317137)
25. Collier JL. 2000. Flow cytometry and the single cell in phycology. J. Phycol. 36:628-44
26. Corzo A, Rodríquez-Gálvez S, Lubian L, Sobrino C, Sangrá P, Martínez A. 2005. Antarctic marine bacterioplankton subpopulations discriminated by their apparent content of nucleic acids differ in their response to ecological factors. Polar Biol. 29:27-39 (Pubitemid 41778795)
27. Davey H, Kell DB. 1997. Fluorescent brighteners; novel stains for the flow cytometric analysis of microorganisms. Cytometry 28:311-15 (Pubitemid 27359607)
28. del Giorgio PA, Bird DF, Prairie YT, Planas D. 1996. Flow cytometric determination of bacterial abundance in lake plankton with green nucleic acid statin SYTO 13. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:783-89 (Pubitemid 26324538)
29. delGiorgio PA, Bouvier T. 2002. Linking the physiologic and phylogenetic successions in free-living bacterial communities along an estuarine salinity gradient. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47:471-86 (Pubitemid 34290313)
30. del Giorgio PA, Prairie Y, Bird D. 1997. Coupling between rates of bacterial production and the abundance of metabolically active bacteria in lakes, enumerated using CTC reduction and flow cytometry. Microb. Ecol. 34:144-54 (Pubitemid 27335851)
31. Dorsey J, Yentsch CM, Mayo S, McKenna C. 1989. Rapid analytical technique for the assessment of cell metabolic activty in marine microalgae. Cytometry 10:622-28
32. Dortch Q. 1990. The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 61:183-201
33. Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL. 2000. CytoBuoy: A step forward towards using flow cytometry in operational oceanography. Sci. Mar. 64:255-65 (Pubitemid 30615220)
34. Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL, Beeker AER, Jonker RR, Tangen K. 1999. Design and first results of CytoBuoy: A wireless flow cytometer for in situ analysis of marine and fresh waters. Cytometry 37:247-54
35. Duhamel S, Gregori G, Van Wambeke F, Mauriac R, Nedoma J. 2008. A method for analyzing phosphatase activity in aquatic bacteria at the single cell level using flow cytometry. J. Microbiol. Methods 75:269-78
36. DuRand M, Olson R, Chisholm S. 2001. Phytoplankton population dynamics at the Bermuda Atlantic Timeseries station in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 48:1983-2003 (Pubitemid 32434583)
37. Dyhrman S, Palenik B. 1999. Phosphate stress in cultures and field populations of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum detected by a single-cell alkaline phosphatase assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3205-12 (Pubitemid 29315599)
38. Eglinton TI, Boon JJ, Minor EC, Olson RJ. 1996. Microscale characterization of algal and related particulate organic matter by direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry. Mar. Chem. 52:27-54
39. Elsey D, Jameson D, Raleigh B, Cooney M. 2007. Fluorescent measurement of microalgal neutral lipids. J. Microbiol. Methods 68:639-42 (Pubitemid 46329162)
40. Endo H, Nakayama J, Hayashi T. 2000. Application of flow cytometry to environmental control in marine aquaculture. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 12:83-88
41. Fawcett SE, Lomas MW, Casey JR, Ward BB, Sigman DM. 2010. Eukaryotes dominate new production in the Sargasso Sea. Nature. In review
42. FaberMJ, SmithLMJ, Boersmans HJ, StephensonGR, Thompson DG, SolomonKR. 1997. Cryopreservation of fluorescent marker-labeled algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) for toxicity testing using flow cytometry. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16:1059-67 (Pubitemid 27199719)
43. Falcioni T, Papa S, Gasol JA. 2008. Evaluating the flow-cytometric nucleic acid double-staining protocol in realistic situations of planktonic bacterial death. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:1767-79 (Pubitemid 351400131)
44. First MR, Hollibaugh JT. 2009. The model high molecular weight DOC compound, dextran, is ingested by the benthic ciliate Uronema marinum but does not supplement ciliate growth. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 57:79-87
45. Flynn KJ. 2010. Ecological modelling in a sea of variable stoichiometry: Dysfunctionality and the legacy of Redfield and Monod. Prog. Oceanogr. 84:52-65
46. Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Grant S, Chisholm SW. 2007. Emergent biogeography of microbial communities in a model ocean. Science 315:1843-46 (Pubitemid 46580143)
47. Fu YT, O'Kelly C, Sieracki M, Distel DL. 2003. Protistan grazing analysis by flow cytometry using prey labeled by in vivo expression of fluorescent proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6848-55 (Pubitemid 37420226)
48. Gill MS, Olsen A, Sampayo JN, Lithgow GL. 2003. An automated high-throughput assay for survival of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 35:558-65 (Pubitemid 37101123)
49. Giovannoni S, Bibbs L, Cho J, Stapels M, Desiderio R, et al. 2005a. Proteorhodopsin in the ubiquitous marine bacterium SAR11. Nature 438:82-85 (Pubitemid 41599823)
50. Giovannoni S, Tripp H, Givan S, Podar M, Vergin K, et al. 2005b. Genome streamlining in a cosmopolitan oceanic bacterium. Science 309:1242-45 (Pubitemid 41170917)
51. Gonzales-Gil S,Keafer B, Jovine R, AndersonDM. 1998. Detection and quantification of alkaline phosphatase in single cells of phosphorus limited marine phytoplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 164:21-35 (Pubitemid 28203012)
52. Gregori G, Citterio S, Ghiani A, Labra M, Sgorbati S, et al. 2001. Resolution of viable and membranecompromised bacteria in freshwater and marine waters based on analytical flow cytometry and nucleic acid double staining. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:4662-70 (Pubitemid 33646098)
53. Gundersen K, Heldal M, Norland S, Purdie DA, Knap AH. 2002. Elemental C, N, and P cell content of individual bacteria collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47:1525-30
54. Hampel M, Moreno-Garrido I, Sobrino C, Lubián LM, Blasco J. 2001. Acute toxicity of LAS homologues in marine microalgae: Esterase activity and inhibition growth as endpoints of toxicity. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 48:287-92 (Pubitemid 32207352)
55. Heldal M, Norland S, Tumyr O. 1985. X-ray microanalytic method for measurement of dry matter and elemental content of individual bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1251-57 (Pubitemid 16193440)
56. Hutchinson G. 1961. The paradox of the plankton. Am. Nat. 95:137-45.
57. Jacobsen C, Rasmussen J, Jakobsen M. 1997. Viability staining and flow cytometric detection of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Microbiol. Methods 28:35-43 (Pubitemid 27112750)
58. Jardillier L, Zubkov M, Pearman J, Scanlan D. 2010. Significant CO2 fixation by small prymnesiophytes in the subtropical and tropical northeast Atlantic Ocean. ISME J. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.36
59. Jin D, Connally R, Piper J. 2007. Practical time-gated luminescence flow cytometry. II. Experimental evaluation using UV LED excitation. Cytometry A 71A:797-808 (Pubitemid 47606736)
60. Joachimsthal EL, Ivanov V, Tay SL, Tay JH. 2003. Flow cytometry and conventional enumeration of microorganisms in ships' ballast water and marine samples. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46:308-13 (Pubitemid 36206615)
61. Jochem F, Smith G, Gao Y, Zimmerman R, Cabello-Pasini A, et al. 2000. Cytometric quantification of nitrate reductase by immunolabeling in the marine diatom skeletonema costatum. Cytometry A 39:173-78 (Pubitemid 30123850)
62. Johnson ZI, Zinser ER, Coe A, McNulty NP, Woodward EMS, Chisholm SW. 2006. Niche partitioning among Prochlorococcus ecotypes along ocean-scale environmental gradients. Science 311:1737-40
63. Jorio H, Tran R, Meghrous J, Bourget L, Kamen A. 2006. Analysis of baculovirus aggregates using flow cytometry. J. Virol. Methods 134:8-14
64. Jost G, Zubkov MV, Yakushev E, Labrenz M, Jurgens K. 2008. High abundance and dark CO2 fixation of chemolithoautotrophic prokaryotes in anoxic waters of the Baltic Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53:14-22 (Pubitemid 351186006)
65. Kaprelyants AS, Kell DB. 1993. The use of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride and flow cytometry for the visualisation of respiratory activity in individual cells of Micrococcus luteus. J. Microbiol. Methods 17:115-22 (Pubitemid 23067202)
66. Keller MD, Shapiro LP, Haugen EM, Cucci TL, Sherr EB, Sherr BF. 1994. Phagotrophy of fluorescently labeled bacteria by an oceanic phytoplankter. Microb. Ecol. 28:39-52 (Pubitemid 2141235)
67. Kiene R, Linn L, Bruton J. 2000. New and important roles for DMSP in marine microbial communities. J. Sea Res. 43:209-24
68. Larsen A, Castberg T, Sandaa R-A, Brussaard CPD, Egge JK, et al. 2001. Population dynamics and diversity of phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses in a seawater enclosure. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 221:47-57 (Pubitemid 33072740)
69. Lebaron P, Servais P, Agogue H, Courties C, Joux F. 2001. Does the high nucleic acid content of individual bacterial cells allow us to discriminate between active cells and inactive cells in aquatic systems? Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1775-82 (Pubitemid 33644949)
70. Lebaron P, Servais P, Baudoux AC, Bourrain M, Courties C, Parthuisot N. 2002. Variations of bacterialspecific activity with cell size and nucleic acid content assessed with flow cytometry. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 28:131-40 (Pubitemid 34780558)
71. Leblanc K, Hutchins DA. 2005. New applications of a biogenic silica deposition fluorophore in the study of oceanic diatoms. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 3:462-76 (Pubitemid 43723647)
72. Legendre L, Courties C, Troussellier M. 2001. Flow cytometry in oceanography 1989-1999: Environmental challenges and research trends. Cytometry 44:164-72 (Pubitemid 32661039)
73. Levy JL, Angel BM, Stauber JL, Poon WL, Simpson SL, et al. 2008. Uptake and internalisation of copper by three marine microalgae: Comparison of copper-sensitive and copper-tolerant species. Aquat. Toxicol. 89:82-93
74. Leyval D, Debay F, Engasser J-M, Goergen J-L. 1997. Flow cytometry for the intracellular pH measurement of glutamate producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Microbiol. Methods 29:121-27 (Pubitemid 27319835)
75. Li WKW. 1993. Estimation of primary production by flow cytometry. ICES Mar. Sci. Symp. 197:79-91
76. Li WKW. 1994. Primary production of prochlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and eukaryotic ultraphytoplankton: Measurements from flow cytometric sorting. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:169-75 (Pubitemid 2050709)
77. Li WKW. 2009. From cytometry tomacroecology: A quarter century quest in microbial oceanography. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 57:239-57
78. Lipschultz F. 1995. Nitrogen specific uptake rates of marine phytoplankton isolated from natural populations of particles by flow cytometry. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 123:245-58 (Pubitemid 26450895)
79. Longnecker K, Sherr BF, Sherr EB. 2005. Activity and phylogenetic diversity of bacterial cells with high and low nucleic acid content and electron transport system activity in an upwelling ecosystem. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:7737-49 (Pubitemid 41803891)
80. Malits A, Weinbauer MG. 2009. Effect of turbulence and viruses on prokaryotic cell size, production and diversity. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 54:243-54
81. Malmstrom RR, Kiene RP, Vila M, Kirchman DL. 2005. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) assimilation by Synechococcus in the Gulf of Mexico and northwest Atlantic Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50:1924-31 (Pubitemid 41692197)
82. Mann EL, Chisholm SW. 2000. Iron limits the cell division rate of Prochlorococcus in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45:1067-76 (Pubitemid 30597387)
83. MarieD, Brussaard CPD, Thyrhaug R, Bratbak G, VaulowD. 1999. Enumeration ofmarine viruses in culture and natural samples by flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:45-52 (Pubitemid 29029617)
84. Martiny AC, Kathuria S, Berube P. 2009. Widespread metabolic potential for nitrite and nitrate assimilation among Prochlorococcus ecotypes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 106:10787-92
85. Mary I, Heywood JL, Fuchs BM, Amann R, Tarran G, et al. 2006. SAR11 dominance among metabolically active low nucleic acid bacterioplankton in surface waters along an Atlantic meridional transect. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 45:107-13 (Pubitemid 46025944)
86. Mary I, Tarran GA, Warwick PE, Terry MJ, Scanlan DJ, et al. 2008. Light enhanced amino acid uptake by dominant bacterioplankton groups in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 63:36-45 (Pubitemid 350233295)
87. Massana R, del Campo J, Dinter C, Sommaruga R. 2007. Crash of a population of the marine heterotrophic flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis by viral infection. Environ. Microbiol. 9:2660-69 (Pubitemid 47547535)
88. Matrai P, Keller M. 1994. Total organic sulfur and dimethylsulfonioproprionate in marine phytoplankton: Intracellular variations. Mar. Biol. 119:61-68 (Pubitemid 2092886)
89. Medintz I, Uyeda H, Goldman E, Mattoussi H. 2005. Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labeling and sensing. Nat. Mater. 4:438-46
90. Miao F, Todd P, Kompala D. 1993. A single cell assay for β-galactosidase in recombinant E. coli using flow cytometry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42:708-15 (Pubitemid 23257724)
91. Michelou VK. 2009. Uptake of dissolved organic matter and phosphate by phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. PhD thesis. Univ. of Delaware. 133 pp.
92. Michelou VK, Cottrell MT, Kirchman DL. 2007. Light-stimulated bacterial production and amino acid assimilation by cyanobacteria and other microbes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:5539-46 (Pubitemid 47378759)
93. Minor EC, Eglinton TI, Olson R, Boon JJ. 1998. The compositional heterogeneity of particulate organic matter from the surface ocean: An investigation using flow cytometry and DT-MS. Org. Geochem. 29:1561-82 (Pubitemid 29059880)
94. Mioni C, Handy S, Ellwood M, Twiss M, McKay R, et al. 2005. Tracking changes in bioavailable Fe within high-nitrate low-chlorophyll oceanic waters: A first estimate using a heterotrophic bacterial bioreporter. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19:GB4S25
95. Mizumoto H, Tomaru Y, Takao Y, Shirai Y, Nagasaki K. 2008. Diverse responses of the bivalve-killing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama to infection by a single-stranded RNA virus. Appl. Environ. Microb. 74:3105-11 (Pubitemid 351747016)
96. Moore JK, Doney SC, Lindsay K. 2004. Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a global threedimensional model. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18:GB4028
97. Nedoma J, Strojsova A, Vrba J, Komarkova J, Simek K. 2003. Extracellular phosphatase activity of natural phytoplankton studied with ELF97 phosphate: Fluorescence quantification and labeling kinetics. Environ. Microbiol. 5:462-72 (Pubitemid 36708190)
98. Obst U, Holzapfel-Pschorn A, Wiegand-Rosinus M. 1988. Application of enzyme assays for toxicological water testing. Toxic. Assess. 3:81-91
99. Olson RJ, Frankel SL, Chisholm SW, Shapiro H. 1983. An inexpensive flow cytometer for analysis of fluorescence signals in phytoplankton: Chlorophyll and DNA distributions. J. Exp.Mar. Biol. Ecol. 68:129-44
100. Olson RJ, Shalapyonok A, Sosik HM. 2003. An automated submersible flow cytometer for analyzing picoand nanophytoplankton: FlowCytobot. Deep-Sea Res. I 50:301-15 (Pubitemid 37343057)
101. Olson RJ, Sosik HM. 2007. A submersible imaging in-flow instrument to analyze nano- and microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 5:195-203 (Pubitemid 351773987)
102. Olson RJ, Zettler ER. 1995. Potential of flow cytometry for "pump and probe" fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40:816-20 (Pubitemid 26449815)
103. Olson RJ, Zettler ER, DuRand MD. 1993. Phytoplankton analysis using flow cytometry. In Aquatic Microbial Ecology, ed. P Kemp, B Sherr, E Sherr, J Cole, pp. 175-86. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis
104. Orcutt K, Gundersen K, Wells ML, Poulton N, Sieracki ME, Smith GJ. 2008. Lighting up phytoplankton cells with quantum dots. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 6:653-58
105. OrellanaMV, Petersen TW, Diercks AH, Donohoe S, Verdugo P, van den Engh G. 2007. Marine microgels: Optical and proteomic fingerprints. Mar. Chem. 105:229-39 (Pubitemid 46856021)
106. Orellana MV, Petersen TW, van den Engh G. 2004. UV-excited blue autofluorescence of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 40:705-10 (Pubitemid 39059710)
107. Pabi S, Arrigo K. 2006. Satellite estimation of marine particulate organic carbon in waters dominated by different phytoplankton taxa. J. Geophys. Res. 111:C09003
108. Partensky F, Hess W, Vaulot D. 1999. Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63:106-27 (Pubitemid 29116088)
109. Paul J, Scholin C, Van Den Engh G, Perry MJ. 2007. In situ instrumentation. Oceanography 20: 70-78
110. Pernthaler J, Amann R. 2005. Fate of heterotrophic microbes in pelagic habitats: Focus on populations. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69:440-61 (Pubitemid 41306746)
111. Rioboo C, O'Connor JE, Prado R, Herrero C, Cid A. 2009. Cell proliferation alterations in Chlorella cells under stress conditions. Aquat. Toxicol. 94:229-37
112. Rivers AR, Jakuba RW, Webb EA. 2009. Iron stress genes in marine Synechococcus and the development of a flow cytometric iron stress assay. Environ. Microbiol. 11:382-96
113. Rivkin RB, Phinney DA, Yentsch CM. 1986. Effects of flow cytometric analysis and cell sorting on photosynthetic carbon uptake by phytoplankton in cultures and from natural populations. Appl. Environ.Microbiol. 52:935-38 (Pubitemid 16004681)
114. Robertson BR, Button DK, Koch A. 1998. Determination of the biomasses of small bacteria at low concentrations in a mixture of species with forward light scatter measurements by flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microb. 64:3900-9 (Pubitemid 28462990)
115. Satoh M, Karaki E, Kakehashi M, Okazaki E, Gotoh T, Oyama Y. 1999. Heavy-metal induced chages in nonproteinaceous thiol levels and heavy-metal binding peptide in Tetraselmis tetrathele (Prasinophyceae). J. Phycol. 35:989-94 (Pubitemid 29530802)
116. Schapira M, Buscot M-J, Leterme SC, PolletT, Chapperon C, Seuront L. 2009. Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and virus-like particles along a salinity gradient in a hypersaline coastal lagoon. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 54:171-83
117. Scharek R, Latasa M. 2007. Growth, grazing and carbon flux of high and low nucleic acid bacteria differ in surface and deep chlorophyll maximum layers in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 46:153-61 (Pubitemid 46374749)
118. Sekar R, Fuchs RM, Amann R, Pernthaler J. 2004. Flow sorting of marine bacterioplankton after fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl. Eniviron. Microb. 70:6210-19 (Pubitemid 39471871)
119. Servais P, Casamayor EO, Courties C, Catala P, Parthuisot N, Lebaron P. 2003. Activity and diversity of bacterial cells with high and low nucleic acid content. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 33:41-51 (Pubitemid 37171949)
120. Shapiro H. 2003. Practical Flow Cytometry. Hoboken, New Jersey:Wiley. 529 pp. 4th ed.
121. Sherr BF, del Giorgio P, Sherr EB. 1999. Estimating abundance and single-cell characteristics of respiring bacteria via the redox dye CTC. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 18:117-31 (Pubitemid 29402937)
122. Sherr E, Sherr B. 1994. Bacterivory and herbivory: Key roles of phagotrophic protistis in pelagic food webs. Microb. Ecol. 28:223-35
123. Sherr E, Sherr B, Verity P. 2002. Distribution and relation of total bacteria, active bacteria, bacterivory, and volume of organic detritus in Atlantic continental shelf waters off Cape Hatteras NC, USA. Deep Sea Res. II 49:4571-85 (Pubitemid 35181332)
124. Shimizu K, Del Amo Y, BrzezinskiM, StuckyG,Morse D. 2001. A novel fluorescent silica tracer for biological silicification studies. Chem. Biol. 8:1051-60 (Pubitemid 33119182)
125. Sieracki C, Sieracki M, Yentsch C. 1998. An imaging-in-flow system for automated analysis of marine microplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 168:285-96 (Pubitemid 28358605)
126. Silver M, Davoll P. 1978. Loss of 14C activity after chemical fixation of phytoplankton: Error source for autoradiography and other productivity measurements. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23:362-68
127. Sosik HM, Chisholm SW, Olson R. 1989. Chlorophyll fluorescence from single cells: Interpretation of flow cytometric signals. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34:1749-61
128. Sosik HM, Olson RJ, Neubert MG, Shalapyonok A, Solow AR. 2003. Growth rates of coastal phytoplankton from time-series measurements with a submersible flow cytometer. Limnol. Oceangor. 48:1756-65 (Pubitemid 37207583)
129. Stauber JL, Davies CM. 2000. Use and limitations of microbial bioassays for assessing copper bioavailability in the aquatic environment. Environ. Rev. 8:255-301
130. Stauber JL, Franklin NM, Adams MS. 2002. Applications of flow cytometry to ecotoxicity testing using microalgae. Trends Biotechnol. 20:141-43 (Pubitemid 34242850)
131. Stepanauskas R, Sieracki ME. 2007. Matching phylogeny and metabolism in the uncultured marine bacteria, one cell at a time. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104:9052-57 (Pubitemid 47175435)
132. Sullivan M, Krastins B, Hughes J, Kelly L, Chase M, et al. 2009. The genome and structural proteome of an ocean siphovirus: A new window into the cyanobacterial 'mobilome'. Environ. Microbiol. 11:2935-51
133. Suttle CA. 2005. Viruses in the sea. Nature 437:356-61 (Pubitemid 41613491)
134. Swalwell J, Petersen T, van den Engh G. 2009. Virtual-core flow cytometry. Cytometry A 75A:960-65
135. TelfordW, Cox W, Singer V. 2001. Detection of endogenous and antibody-conjugated alkaline phosphatase with ELF-97 phosphate in multicolor flow cytometry applications. Cytometry 43:117-25
136. Tomaru Y, Nagasaki K. 2007. Flow cytometric detection and enumeration ofDNA and RNA viruses infecting marine eukaryotic microalgae. J. Oceanogr. 63:215-21 (Pubitemid 46390099)
137. Trask B, Van Den Engh G, Elgershuizen J. 1982. Analysis of phytoplankton by flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2:258-64 (Pubitemid 12142426)
138. Urbach E, Vergin KL,Geovannoni SJ. 1999. Immuniochemical detection and isolation ofDNAfrom metabolically active bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microb. 65:1207-13
139. Veldhuis MJW, Cucci TL, Sieracki ME. 1997. Cellular DNA content of marine phytoplankton using two new fluorochromes: Taxonomic and ecological implications. J. Phycol. 33:527-41 (Pubitemid 27369331)
140. Veldhuis MJW, Kraay GW. 2000. Application of flow cytometry in marine phytoplankton research: Current applications and future perspectives. Sci. Marina 64:121-34 (Pubitemid 30615211)
141. Vila-Costa M, Simo R, Harada H, Gasol J, Slezak D, Kiene RP. 2006. Dimethlysulfoniopropionate uptake by marine phytoplankton. Science 314:652-54
142. Von Dassow P, Ogata H, Pobert I, Wincker P, Da Silva C, et al. 2009. Transcriptome analysis of functional differentiation between haploid and diploid cells of Emiliania huxleyi, a globally significant photosynthetic calcifying cell. Genome Biol. 10:R114
143. Waite AM, Olson RJ, Dan HG, Passow U. 1995. Sugar-containing compounds on the cell surfaces of marine diatoms measured using concanavalin A and flow cytometry. J. Phycol. 31:925-33
144. Waite TD. 2002. Rationale for ballast water treatment standards to minimize translocation of unwanted species. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 3:2-29
145. Wommack KE, Colwell RR. 2000. Virioplankton: Viruses in aquatic ecosystems. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:69-114 (Pubitemid 30143841)
146. Worden AZ, Lee J-H, Mock T, Rouzé P, Simmons M, et al. 2009. Green evolution and dynamic adaptations revealed by genomes of the marine picoeukaryotes Micromonas. Science 324:268-72
147. Yentsch CM, Campbell JW. 1991. Phytoplankton growth: Perspectives gained by flow cytometry. J. Plankton Res. 13:83-108
148. Yentsch CM, Horan P, Muirhead K, Dortch Q, Haugen EM, et al. 1983. Flow cytometry and cell sorting: A technique for analysis and sorting of aquatic particles. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28:1275-80
149. Yooseph S, Sutton G, Rusch D, Halpern A,Williamson S, et al. 2007. The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling expedition: Expanding the universe of protein families. PLoS Biol. 5:432-66
150. Yu Y, Kong FX, Wang ML, Qian LL, Shi XL. 2007. Determination of short-term copper toxicity in a multispecies microalgal population using flow cytometry. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 66:49-56 (Pubitemid 46053577)
151. Zehr J, Bench S, Carter B, Hewson I, Niazi F, et al. 2008. Globally distributed uncultivated oceanic N2-fixing cyanobacteria lack oxygenic photosystem II. Science 322:1110-12
152. Zubkov MV, Fuchs BM, Archer D, Kiene RP, Amann R, Burkhill P. 2002. Rapid turnover of dissolved DMS and DMSP by defined bacterioplankton communities in the stratified euphotic zone of the North Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 49:3017-38 (Pubitemid 34657346)
153. Zubkov MV, Fuchs BM, Burkill P, Amann R. 2001. Comparison of cellular and biomass specific activities of dominant bacterioplankton groups in stratified waters of the Celtic Sea. Appl. Environ.Microbiol. 67:5210-18 (Pubitemid 33701291)
154. Zubkov MV, Fuchs BM, Eilers H, Burkill PH, Amann R. 1999. Determination of total protein content of bacterial cells by SYPRO staining and flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3251-57 (Pubitemid 29315609)
155. Zubkov MV, Fuchs BM, Tarran GA, Burkill PH, Amann R. 2003. High rate of uptake of organic nitrogen compounds by Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria as a key to their dominance in oligotrophic oceanic waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1299-304 (Pubitemid 36204867)
156. Zubkov MV, Mary I,Woodward EMS,Warwick PE, Fuchs BM, et al. 2007. Microbial control of phosphate in the nutrient-depleted North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Environ. Microbiol. 9:2079-89 (Pubitemid 47057361)
157. Zubkov MV, Tarran GA. 2005. Amino acid uptake of Prochlorococcus spp. in surface waters across the South Atlantic Subtropical Front. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 40:241-49 (Pubitemid 41652966)
158. Zubkov MV, Tarran GA. 2008. High bacterivory by the smallest phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 455:224-26
159. Zubkov MV, Tarran GA, Burkill PH. 2006. Bacterioplankton of low and high DNA content in the suboxic waters of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman: Abundance and amino acid uptake. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 43:23-32 (Pubitemid 43854048)
160. Zubkov MV, Tarran GA, Fuchs B. 2004. Depth related amino acid uptake by Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria in the Southern Atlantic tropical gyre. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 20:153-61. (Pubitemid 39472890)