Comparison of chemical-induced transcriptional activation of fish and human estrogen receptors: Regulatory implications

Toxicology Letters

Volumn 201, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 152-175

  Dang, ZhiChao ^a   Ru, Shaoguo ^b   Wang, Wei ^b   Rorije, Emiel ^a   Hakkert, Betty ^a   Vermeire, Theo ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

^b OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Endocrine disruptor endocrine disrupting chemical endocrine active chemical; Interspecies; Plant protection products; REACH; Testing strategy

Indexed keywords

3 (4 METHYLBENZYLIDENE)CAMPHOR; 4 NONYLPHENOL; 4 TERT OCTYLPHENOL; 4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; ALACHLOR; ALDICARB; ANDROSTANOLONE; AROCLOR 1248; ATRAZINE; BENOMYL; BIOCHANIN A; BIPHENYL; CHALCONE; CHEMICAL AGENT; CHLOROTRIANISENE; CLOMIFENE; DAIDZEIN; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ENDOSULFAN; ERBIUM; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; OXYBENZONE; PHTHALIC ACID BENZYL BUTYL ESTER; PHTHALIC ACID BIS(2 ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; PHTHALIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER; SIVIFENE; TANTALUM; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA COLLECTION METHOD; DECISION MAKING; DRUG SCREENING; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LABORATORY; LABORATORY TEST; NONHUMAN; ORGANIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PUBLICATION; SCREENING; SPECIES; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALS; FISHES; HUMANS; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 79651472009     PISSN: 03784274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.020     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Ackermann G.E., Brombacher E., Fent K. Development of a fish reporter gene system for the assessment of estrogenic compounds and sewage treatment plant effluents. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002, 21:1864-1875.
2. Balaguer P., Joyeux A., Denison M.S., Vincent R., Gillesby B.E., Zacharewski T. Assessing the estrogenic and dioxin-like activities of chemicals and complex mixtures using in vitro recombinant receptor-reporter gene assays. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1996, 74:216-222.
3. Berckmans P., Leppens H., Vangenechten C., Witters H. Screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals with MELN cells, an ER-transactivation assay combined with cytotoxicity assessment. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2007, 21:1262-1267.
4. Beresford N., Routledge E.J., Harris C.A., Sumpter J.P. Issues arising when interpreting results from an in vitro assay for estrogenic activity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000, 162:22-33.
5. Blum J.L., James M.O., Stuchal L.D., Denslow N.D. Stimulation of transactivation of the largemouth bass estrogen receptors alpha, beta-a, and beta-b by methoxychlor and its mono- and bis-demethylated metabolites in HepG2 cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2008, 108:55-63.
6. Bovee T.F., Helsdingen R.J., Rietjens I.M., Keijer J., Hoogenboom R.L. Rapid yeast estrogen bioassays stably expressing human estrogen receptors alpha and beta, and green fluorescent protein: a comparison of different compounds with both receptor types. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2004, 91:99-109.
7. Breinholt V., Larsen J.C. Detection of weak estrogenic flavonoids using a recombinant yeast strain and a modified MCF7 cell proliferation assay. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1998, 11:622-629.
8. CERI, 2003. Receptor binding assay and reporter gene assay of medaka. In: MEDAKA Development of Test Methods and Suitability of Medaka as Test Organism for Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (J. Ministry of the Environment, and J. Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Eds.), Tokyo, pp. 21-26.
9. Charles A.K., Darbre P.D. Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2009, 29:422-434.
10. Chen C.W., Hurd C., Vorojeikina D.P., Arnold S.F., Notides A.C. Transcriptional activation of the human estrogen receptor by DDT isomers and metabolites in yeast and MCF-7 cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1997, 53:1161-1172.
11. Chrzan B.G., Bradford P.G. Phytoestrogens activate estrogen receptor beta1 and estrogenic responses in human breast and bone cancer cell lines. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2007, 51:171-177.
12. Chu W.L., Shiizaki K., Kawanishi M., Kondo M., Yagi T. Validation of a new yeast-based reporter assay consisting of human estrogen receptors alpha/beta and coactivator SRC-1: application for detection of estrogenic activity in environmental samples. Environ. Toxicol. 2009, 24:513-521.
13. Coldham N.G., Dave M., Sivapathasundaram S., McDonnell D.P., Connor C., Sauer M.J. Evaluation of a recombinant yeast cell estrogen screening assay. Environ. Health Perspect. 1997, 105:734-742.
14. Collins-Burow B.M., Burow M.E., Duong B.N., McLachlan J.A. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of flavonoid phytochemicals through estrogen receptor binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nutr. Cancer 2000, 38:229-244.
15. Cosnefroy A., Brion F., Guillet B., Laville N., Porcher J.M., Balaguer P., Ait-Aissa S. A stable fish reporter cell line to study estrogen receptor transactivation by environmental (xeno)estrogens. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2009, 23:1450-1454.
16. Dang Z.C., Audinot V., Papapoulos S.E., Boutin J.A., Lowik C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) as a molecular target for the soy phytoestrogen genistein. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:962-967.
17. Dang Z.C., Lowik C.W. Differential effects of PD98059 and U0126 on osteogenesis and adipogenesis. J. Cell Biochem. 2004, 92:525-533.
18. Dang Z.C., Lowik C.W. Dose-dependent effects of phytoestrogens on bone. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2005, 16:207-213.
19. Dang Z.C. Dose-dependent effects of soy phyto-oestrogen genistein on adipocytes: mechanisms of action. Obes. Rev. 2009, 10:342-349.
20. Dang Z. Comparison of relative binding affinities to fish and mammalian estrogen receptors: the regulatory implications. Toxicol. Lett. 2010, 192:298-315.
21. De Boever P., Demare W., Vanderperren E., Cooreman K., Bossier P., Verstraete W. Optimization of a yeast estrogen screen and its applicability to study the release of estrogenic isoflavones from a soygerm powder. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109:691-697.
22. Dhooge W., Arijs K., D'Haese I., Stuyvaert S., Versonnen B., Janssen C., Verstraete W., Comhaire F. Experimental parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of a yeast assay for estrogenic compounds: results of an interlaboratory validation exercise. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 386:1419-1428.
23. ECETOC, 2009. Guidance on Identifying Endocrine Disrupting Effects. 1(106), 1-133. Brussels. Technical Report.
24. Escande A., Pillon A., Servant N., Cravedi J.P., Larrea F., Muhn P., Nicolas J.C., Cavailles V., Balaguer P. Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor alpha or beta. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006, 71:1459-1469.
25. Fine T., Leskinen P., Isobe T., Shiraishi H., Morita M., Marks R.S., Virta M. Luminescent yeast cells entrapped in hydrogels for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical biodetection. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2006, 21:2263-2269.
26. Folmar L.C., Hemmer M.J., Denslow N.D., Kroll K., Chen J., Cheek A., Richman H., Meredith H., Grau E.G. A comparison of the estrogenic potencies of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, nonylphenol and methoxychlor in vivo and in vitro. Aquat. Toxicol. 2002, 60:101-110.
27. Fu K.Y., Chen C.Y., Chang W.M. Application of a yeast estrogen screen in non-biomarker species Varicorhinus barbatulus fish with two estrogen receptor subtypes to assess xenoestrogens. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2007, 21:604-612.
28. Fujimoto N., Kitamura S. Effects of environmental estrogenic chemicals on AP1 mediated transcription with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2004, 88:53-59.
29. Gaido K.W., Leonard L.S., Lovell S., Gould J.C., Babaï D., Portier C.J., McDonnell D.P. Evaluation of chemicals with endocrine modulating activity in a yeast-based steroid hormone receptor gene transcription assay. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1997, 143:205-212.
30. Gaido K.W., Leonard L.S., Maness S.C., Hall J.M., McDonnell D.P., Saville B., Safe S. Differential interaction of the methoxychlor metabolite 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 1999, 140:5746-5753.
31. Gaido K.W., Maness S.C., McDonnell D.P., Dehal S.S., Kupfer D., Safe S. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol. Pharmacol. 2000, 58:852-858.
32. García-Reyero N., Grau E., Castillo M., López de Alda M.J., Barceló D., Piña B. Monitoring of endocrine disruptors in surface waters by the yeast recombinant assay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2001, 20:1152-1158.
33. Ghisari M., Bonefeld-Jorgensen E.C. Effects of plasticizers and their mixtures on estrogen receptor and thyroid hormone functions. Toxicol. Lett. 2009, 189:67-77.
34. Graumann K., Breithofer A., Jungbauer A. Monitoring of estrogen mimics by a recombinant yeast assay: synergy between natural and synthetic compounds?. Sci. Total Environ. 1999, 225:69-79.
35. Gutendorf B., Westendorf J. Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens. Toxicology 2001, 166:79-89.
36. Harris C.A., Henttu P., Parker M.G., Sumpter J.P. The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro. Environ. Health Perspect. 1997, 105:802-811.
37. Harris D.M., Besselink E., Henning S.M., Go V.L., Heber D. Phytoestrogens induce differential estrogen receptor alpha- or Beta-mediated responses in transfected breast cancer cells. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 2005, 230:558-568.
38. Hasenbrink G., Sievernich A., Wildt L., Ludwig J., Lichtenberg-Frate H. Estrogenic effects of natural and synthetic compounds including tibolone assessed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the human estrogen alpha and beta receptors. FASEB J. 2006, 20:1552-1554.
39. Hodges L.C., Bergerson J.S., Hunter D.S., Walker C.L. Estrogenic effects of organochlorine pesticides on uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 54:355-364.
40. Hornung M.W., Ankley G.T., Schmieder P.K. Induction of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in rainbow trout hepatoma cells (RTH 149) at 11 or 18 degrees C. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22:866-871.
41. ICCVAM, 2002. Current Status of Test Methods for Detecting Endocrine Disruptors: In Vitro Estrogen Receptor transcriptional activation assays. Available at (accessed 8 August 2010). http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/endo_docs/final1002/erta_brd/ERTA034505.pdf.
42. Jiao B., Yeung E.K., Chan C.B., Cheng C.H. Establishment of a transgenic yeast screening system for estrogenicity and identification of the anti-estrogenic activity of malachite green. J. Cell Biochem. 2008, 105:1399-1409.
43. Judson R.S., Houck K.A., Kavlock R.J., Knudsen T.B., Martin M.T., Mortensen H.M., Reif D.M., Rotroff D.M., Shah I., Richard A.M., Dix D.J. In vitro screening of environmental chemicals for targeted testing prioritization: the ToxCast Project. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:485-492.
44. Katsu Y., Hinago M., Sone K., Urushitani H., Guillette L.J., Iguchi T. In vitro assessment of transcriptional activation of the estrogen and androgen receptors of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis affinis. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2007, 276:10-17.
45. Katsu Y., Kohno S., Hyodo S., Ijiri S., Adachi S., Hara A., Guillette L.J., Iguchi T. Molecular cloning, characterization, and evolutionary analysis of estrogen receptors from phylogenetically ancient fish. Endocrinology 2008, 149:6300-6310.
46. Katsu Y., Lange A., Urushitani H., Ichikawa R., Paull G.C., Cahill L.L., Jobling S., Tyler C.R., Iguchi T. Functional associations between two estrogen receptors, environmental estrogens, and sexual disruption in the roach (Rutilus rutilus). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:3368-3374.
47. Klotz D.M., Beckman B.S., Hill S.M., McLachlan J.A., Walters M.R., Arnold S.F. Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ. Health Perspect. 1996, 104:1084-1089.
48. Kohno Y., Kitamura S., Sanoh S., Sugihara K., Fujimoto N., Ohta S. Metabolism of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, chalcone and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, by rat liver microsomes and estrogenic activity of the metabolites. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2005, 33:1115-1123.
49. Kojima H., Katsura E., Takeuchi S., Niiyama K., Kobayashi K. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112:524-531.
50. Kretzschmar G., Vollmer G., Schwab P., Tischer S., Metz P., Zierau O. Effects of the chemically synthesized flavanone 7-(O-prenyl)naringenin-4'-acetate on the estrogen signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2007, 107:114-119.
51. Kuiper G.G., Lemmen J.G., Carlsson B., Corton J.C., Safe S.H., van der Saag P.T., van der B.B., Gustafsson J.A. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 1998, 139:4252-4263.
52. Kunz P.Y., Galicia H.F., Fent K. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of UV filters in fish. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 90:349-361.
53. Layton A.C., Sanseverino J., Gregory B.W., Easter J.P., Sayler G.S., Schultz T.W. In vitro estrogen receptor binding of PCBs: measured activity and detection of hydroxylated metabolites in a recombinant yeast assay. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002, 180:157-163.
54. Le Guevel R., Pakdel F. Assessment of oestrogenic potency of chemicals used as growth promoter by in-vitro methods. Hum. Reprod. 2001, 16:1030-1036.
55. Le Page Y., Scholze M., Kah O., Pakdel F. Assessment of xenoestrogens using three distinct estrogen receptors and the zebrafish brain aromatase gene in a highly responsive glial cell system. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114:752-758.
56. Legler J., van Den Brink C.E., Brouwer A., Murk A.J., van der Saag P.T., Vethaak A.D., van der Burg B. Development of a stably transfected estrogen receptor-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in the human T47D breast cancer cell line. Toxicol. Sci. 1999, 48:55-66.
57. Legler J., Zeinstra L.M., Schuitemaker F., Lanser P.H., Bogerd J., Brouwer A., Vethaak A.D., De Voogt P., Murk A.J., van der B.B. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro reporter gene assays for short-term screening of estrogenic activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:4410-4415.
58. Lemaire G., Mnif W., Mauvais P., Balaguer P., Rahmani R. Activation of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors by persistent pesticides in reporter cell lines. Life Sci. 2006, 79:1160-1169.
59. Madigou T., Le Goff P., Salbert G., Cravedi J.P., Segner H., Pakdel F., Valotaire Y. Effects of nonylphenol on estrogen receptor conformation, transcriptional activity and sexual reversion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxicol. 2001, 53:173-186.
60. Marlatt V.L., Hewitt L.M., Van Der K.G. Utility of in vitro test methods to assess the activity of xenoestrogens in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25:3204-3212.
61. Matthews J.B., Fertuck K.C., Celius T., Huang Y.W., Fong C.J., Zacharewski T.R. Ability of structurally diverse natural products and synthetic chemicals to induce gene expression mediated by estrogen receptors from various species. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2002, 82:181-194.
62. Matthews J.B., Clemons J.H., Zacharewski T.R. Reciprocal mutagenesis between human alpha(L349, M528) and rainbow trout (M317,I496) estrogen receptor residues demonstrates their importance in ligand binding and gene expression at different temperatures. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2001, 183:127-139.
63. Menuet A., Le Page Y., Torres O., Kern L., Kah O., Pakdel F. Analysis of the estrogen regulation of the zebrafish estrogen receptor (ER) reveals distinct effects of ERalpha, ERbeta1 and ERbeta2. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2004, 32:975-986.
64. Mercado-Feliciano M., Bigsby R.M. Hydroxylated metabolites of the polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE-71 are weak estrogen receptor-alpha ligands. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:1315-1321.
65. Miksicek R.J. Interaction of naturally occurring nonsteroidal estrogens with expressed recombinant human estrogen receptor. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1994, 49:153-160.
66. Molina-Molina J.M., Escande A., Pillon A., Gomez E., Pakdel F., Cavailles V., Olea N., Ait-Aissa S., Balaguer P. Profiling of benzophenone derivatives using fish and human estrogen receptor-specific in vitro bioassays. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2008, 232:384-395.
67. Morito K., Hirose T., Kinjo J., Hirakawa T., Okawa M., Nohara T., Ogawa S., Inoue S., Muramatsu M., Masamune Y. Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2001, 24:351-356.
68. Naidoo V., Katsu Y., Iguchi T. The influence of non-toxic concentrations of DDT and DDE on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2008, 159:188-195.
69. OECD, 2009. OECD conceptual framework for the testing and assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
70. OECD, 2010. Detailed Review Paper on Environmental Endocrine Disruptor Screening:The use of Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Binding and Transactivation Assays in Fish. No. 135, pp. 64.
71. Paris F., Balaguer P., Térouanne B., Servant N., Lacoste C., Cravedi J.P., Nicolas J.C., Sultan C. Phenylphenols, biphenols, bisphenol-A and 4-tert-octylphenol exhibit alpha and beta estrogen activities and antiandrogen activity in reporter cell lines. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2002, 193:43-49.
72. Passos A.L., Pinto P.I., Power D.M., Canario A.V. A yeast assay based on the gilthead sea bream (teleost fish) estrogen receptor beta for monitoring estrogen mimics. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2009, 72:1529-1537.
73. Payne J., Rajapakse N., Wilkins M., Kortenkamp A. Prediction and assessment of the effects of mixtures of four xenoestrogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108:983-987.
74. Petit F., Le Goff P., Cravedi J.P., Valotaire Y., Pakdel F. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 1997, 19:321-335.
75. Petit F., Valotaire Y., Pakdel F. Differential functional activities of rainbow trout and human estrogen receptors expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 1995, 233:584-592.
76. Pfitscher A., Reiter E., Jungbauer A. Receptor binding and transactivation activities of red clover isoflavones and their metabolites. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2008, 112:87-94.
77. Pillon A., Boussioux A.M., Escande A., Aït-Aïssa S., Gomez E., Fenet H., Ruff M., Moras D., Vignon F., Duchesne M.J., Casellas C., Nicolas J.C., Balaguer P. Binding of estrogenic compounds to recombinant estrogen receptor-alpha: application to environmental analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113:278-284.
78. Rehmann K., Schramm K.W., Kettrup A.A. Applicability of a yeast oestrogen screen for the detection of oestrogen-like activities in environmental samples. Chemosphere 1999, 38:3303-3312.
79. Routledge E.J., Sumpter J.P. Structural features of alkylphenolic chemicals associated with estrogenic activity. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:3280-3288.
80. Sabo-Attwood T., Blum J.L., Kroll K.J., Patel V., Birkholz D., Szabo N.J., Fisher S.Z., McKenna R., Campbell-Thompson M., Denslow N.D. Distinct expression and activity profiles of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) estrogen receptors in response to estradiol and nonylphenol. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2007, 39:223-237.
81. Sanseverino J., Eldridge M.L., Layton A.C., Easter J.P., Yarbrough J., Schultz T.W., Sayler G.S. Screening of potentially hormonally active chemicals using bioluminescent yeast bioreporters. Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 107:122-134.
82. Sanseverino J., Gupta R.K., Layton A.C., Patterson S.S., Ripp S.A., Saidak L., Simpson M.L., Schultz T.W., Sayler G.S. Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLYES expressing bacterial bioluminescence for rapid, sensitive detection of estrogenic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71:4455-4460.
83. Schreurs R.H., Legler J., Artola-Garicano E., Sinnige T.L., Lanser P.H., Seinen W., van der B.B. In vitro and in vivo antiestrogenic effects of polycyclic musks in zebrafish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:997-1002.
84. Schreurs R.H., Sonneveld E., Jansen J.H., Seinen W., van der Burg B. Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 83:264-272.
85. Schultis T., Metzger J.W. Determination of estrogenic activity by LYES-assay (yeast estrogen screen-assay assisted by enzymatic digestion with lyticase). Chemosphere 2004, 57:1649-1655.
86. Segner H., Navas J.M., Schäfers C., Wenzel A. Potencies of estrogenic compounds in in vitro screening assays and in life cycle tests with zebrafish in vivo. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2003, 54:315-322.
87. Simmons D.B., Trudeau V.L., Marlatt V.L., Moon T.W., Sherry J.P., Metcalfe C.D. Interaction of stilbene compounds with human and rainbow trout estrogen receptors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27:442-451.
88. Sonneveld E., Jansen H.J., Riteco J.A., Brouwer A., van der Burg B. Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 83:136-148.
89. Sonneveld E., Riteco J.A., Jansen H.J., Pieterse B., Brouwer A., Schoonen W.G., van der Burg B. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo screening models for androgenic and estrogenic activities. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 89:173-187.
90. Sumida K., Saito K. Molecular cloning of estrogen receptors from fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) fish: limited piscine variation in estrogen receptor-mediated reporter gene transactivation by xenoestrogens. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27:489-498.
91. Sumida K., Ooe N., Saito K., Kaneko H. Limited species differences in estrogen receptor alpha-medicated reporter gene transactivation by xenoestrogens. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2003, 84:33-40.
92. Sun H., Xu X.L., Qu J.H., Hong X., Wang Y.B., Xu L.C., Wang X.R. 4-Alkylphenols and related chemicals show similar effect on the function of human and rat estrogen receptor alpha in reporter gene assay. Chemosphere 2007, 71:582-588.
93. Suzuki T., Kitamura S., Khota R., Sugihara K., Fujimoto N., Ohta S. Estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of 17 benzophenone derivatives used as UV stabilizers and sunscreens. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2005, 203:9-17.
94. ter Veld M.G., Schouten B., Louisse J., van Es D.S., van der Saag P.T., Rietjens I.M., Murk A.J. Estrogenic potency of food-packaging-associated plasticizers and antioxidants as detected in ERalpha and ERbeta reporter gene cell lines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54:4407-4416.
95. Tyler C.R., Filby A.L., Bickley L.K., Cumming R.I., Gibson R., Labadie P., Katsu Y., Liney K.E., Shears J.A., Silva-Castro V., Urushitani H., Lange A., Winter M.J., Iguchi T., Hill E.M. Environmental health impacts of equine estrogens derived from hormone replacement therapy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:3897-3904.
96. US EPA, 2009. A tiered approach for the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program.
97. Van den Belt K., Berckmans P., Vangenechten C., Verheyen R., Witters H. Comparative study on the in vitro/in vivo estrogenic potencies of 17beta-estradiol, estrone, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol. Aquat. Toxicol. 2004, 66:183-195.
98. Vinggaard A.M., Körner W., Lund K.H., Bolz U., Petersen J.H. Identification and quantification of estrogenic compounds in recycled and virgin paper for household use as determined by an in vitro yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2000, 13:1214-1222.
99. Willemsen P., Scippo M.L., Kausel G., Figueroa J., Maghuin-Rogister G., Martial J.A., Muller M. Use of reporter cell lines for detection of endocrine-disrupter activity. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378:655-663.
100. Wilson V.S., Bobseine K., Gray L.E. Development and characterization of a cell line that stably expresses an estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter for the detection of estrogen receptor agonist and antagonists. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 81:69-77.
101. Zacharewski T.R., Meek M.D., Clemons J.H., Wu Z.F., Fielden M.R., Matthews J.B. Examination of the in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activities of eight commercial phthalate esters. Toxicol. Sci. 1998, 46:282-293.