메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 856-877

The double-edged sword of autoimmunity: Lessons from multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; B cells; Glatiramer acetate; Multiple sclerosis; References and notes; T cells

Indexed keywords

GLATIRAMER; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; NATALIZUMAB; PLACEBO; RITUXIMAB;

EID: 78651261809     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20726651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040856     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (13)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 20444485767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity
    • Goodnow, C.C.; Sprent, J.; Fazekas de St, G.B.; Vinuesa, C.G. Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity. Nature 2005, 435, 590-597.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 590-597
    • Goodnow, C.C.1    Sprent, J.2    de St Fazekas, G.B.3    Vinuesa, C.G.4
  • 2
  • 3
    • 0015956495 scopus 로고
    • Towards a network theory of the immune system
    • (Paris)
    • Jerne, N.K. Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann. Immunol. (Paris) 1974, 125C, 373-389.
    • (1974) Ann. Immunol , vol.125 C , pp. 373-389
    • Jerne, N.K.1
  • 4
    • 0030897179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for complement in phagocytosis of myelin
    • DeJong, B.A.; Smith, M.E. A role for complement in phagocytosis of myelin. Neurochem. Res. 1997, 22, 491-498.
    • (1997) Neurochem. Res , vol.22 , pp. 491-498
    • Dejong, B.A.1    Smith, M.E.2
  • 5
    • 0026537347 scopus 로고
    • CD28-mediated signaling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones
    • Harding, F.A.; McArthur, J.G.; Gross, J.A.; Raulet, D.H.; Allison, J.P. CD28-mediated signaling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones. Nature 1992, 356, 607-609.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 607-609
    • Harding, F.A.1    McArthur, J.G.2    Gross, J.A.3    Raulet, D.H.4    Allison, J.P.5
  • 6
    • 33846695147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocytes: Potential mediators of postischemic injury and neuroprotection
    • Gee, J.M.; Kalil, A.; Shea, C.; Becker, K.J. Lymphocytes: potential mediators of postischemic injury and neuroprotection. Stroke 2007, 38, 783-788.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 783-788
    • Gee, J.M.1    Kalil, A.2    Shea, C.3    Becker, K.J.4
  • 8
    • 0033049143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy
    • Moalem, G.; Leibowitz-Amit, R.; Yoles, E.; Mor, F.; Cohen, I.R.; Schwartz, M. Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy. Nat. Med. 1999, 5, 49-55.
    • (1999) Nat. Med , vol.5 , pp. 49-55
    • Moalem, G.1    Leibowitz-Amit, R.2    Yoles, E.3    Mor, F.4    Cohen, I.R.5    Schwartz, M.6
  • 10
    • 0037180556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective autoimmunity: Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system
    • Kipnis, J.; Mizrahi, T.; Hauben, E.; Shaked, I.; Shevach, E.; Schwartz, M. Neuroprotective autoimmunity: naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA2002,99, 15620-15625.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 15620-15625
    • Kipnis, J.1    Mizrahi, T.2    Hauben, E.3    Shaked, I.4    Shevach, E.5    Schwartz, M.6
  • 11
    • 0035833068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus
    • Cameron, H.A.; McKay, R.D. Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus. J. Comp Neurol. 2001, 435, 406-417.
    • (2001) J. Comp Neurol , vol.435 , pp. 406-417
    • Cameron, H.A.1    McKay, R.D.2
  • 12
    • 0036470478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone
    • varez-Buylla, A.; Garcia-Verdugo, J.M. Neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22, 629-634.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 629-634
    • Varez-Buylla, A.1    Garcia-Verdugo, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 0035315852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological aspects of spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection: Colocalization of T cells with B7--2 (CD86) and prevention of cyst formation
    • Butovsky, O.; Hauben, E.; Schwartz, M. Morphological aspects of spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection: colocalization of T cells with B7--2 (CD86) and prevention of cyst formation. FASEB J. 2001, 15, 1065-1067.
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 1065-1067
    • Butovsky, O.1    Hauben, E.2    Schwartz, M.3
  • 16
    • 30044434850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells
    • Butovsky, O.; Ziv, Y.; Schwartz, A.; Landa, G.; Talpalar, A.E.; Pluchino, S.; Martino, G.; Schwartz, M. Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2006, 31, 149-160.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 149-160
    • Butovsky, O.1    Ziv, Y.2    Schwartz, A.3    Landa, G.4    Talpalar, A.E.5    Pluchino, S.6    Martino, G.7    Schwartz, M.8
  • 17
    • 33645231127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines regulate the migration of neural progenitors to sites of neuroinflammation
    • Belmadani, A.; Tran, P.B.; Ren, D.; Miller, R.J. Chemokines regulate the migration of neural progenitors to sites of neuroinflammation. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26, 3182-3191.
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 3182-3191
    • Belmadani, A.1    Tran, P.B.2    Ren, D.3    Miller, R.J.4
  • 18
    • 33748358798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury
    • Ziv, Y.; Avidan, H.; Pluchino, S.; Martino, G.; Schwartz, M. Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 13174-13179.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 13174-13179
    • Ziv, Y.1    Avidan, H.2    Pluchino, S.3    Martino, G.4    Schwartz, M.5
  • 20
    • 0036866662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo activation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells in healthy control subjects
    • Burns, J.B.; Bartholomew, B.D.; Lobo, S.T. In vivo activation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells in healthy control subjects. Clin. Immunol. 2002, 105, 185-191.
    • (2002) Clin. Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 185-191
    • Burns, J.B.1    Bartholomew, B.D.2    Lobo, S.T.3
  • 21
    • 0035554904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in autoimmune disease
    • Whitacre, C.C. Sex differences in autoimmune disease. Nat. Immunol. 2001, 2, 777-780.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 777-780
    • Whitacre, C.C.1
  • 23
    • 38049078520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell damage and autoimmunity: A critical appraisal
    • Mackay, I.R.; Leskovsek, N.V.; Rose, N.R. Cell damage and autoimmunity: a critical appraisal. J. Autoimmun. 2008, 30, 5-11.
    • (2008) J. Autoimmun , vol.30 , pp. 5-11
    • Mackay, I.R.1    Leskovsek, N.V.2    Rose, N.R.3
  • 24
    • 0142259710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system
    • Ransohoff, R.M.; Kivisakk, P.; Kidd, G. Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 3, 569-581.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 569-581
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1    Kivisakk, P.2    Kidd, G.3
  • 25
    • 0023413923 scopus 로고
    • Immune reactivity in the nervous system: Modulation of T-lymphocyte activation by glial cells
    • Wekerle, H.; Sun, D.; Oropeza-Wekerle, R.L.; Meyermann, R. Immune reactivity in the nervous system: modulation of T-lymphocyte activation by glial cells. J. Exp. Biol. 1987, 132, 43-57.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol , vol.132 , pp. 43-57
    • Wekerle, H.1    Sun, D.2    Oropeza-Wekerle, R.L.3    Meyermann, R.4
  • 27
    • 0025981021 scopus 로고
    • T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system
    • Hickey, W.F.; Hsu, B.L.; Kimura, H. T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 1991, 28, 254-260.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.28 , pp. 254-260
    • Hickey, W.F.1    Hsu, B.L.2    Kimura, H.3
  • 28
    • 0018098390 scopus 로고
    • Chronic relapsing EAE Time course of neurological symptoms and pathology
    • Lassmann, H.; Wisniewski, H.M. Chronic relapsing EAE. Time course of neurological symptoms and pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 1978, 43, 35-42.
    • (1978) Acta Neuropathol , vol.43 , pp. 35-42
    • Lassmann, H.1    Wisniewski, H.M.2
  • 29
    • 65649096159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: Meningeal antigen-presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Kivisakk, P.; Imitola, J.; Rasmussen, S.; Elyaman, W.; Zhu, B.; Ransohoff, R.M.; Khoury, S.J. Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: meningeal antigen-presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann. Neurol. 2009, 65, 457-469.
    • (2009) Ann. Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 457-469
    • Kivisakk, P.1    Imitola, J.2    Rasmussen, S.3    Elyaman, W.4    Zhu, B.5    Ransohoff, R.M.6    Khoury, S.J.7
  • 30
    • 65249175159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sallusto F. C-C chemokine receptor 6-regulated entry of TH17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE
    • Reboldi, A.; Coisne, C.; Baumjohann, D.; Benvenuto, F.; Bottinelli, D.; Lira, S.; Uccelli, A.; Lanzavecchia, A.; Engelhardt, B.; Sallusto, F. C-C chemokine receptor 6-regulated entry of TH17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10, 514-523.
    • (2009) Nat. Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 514-523
    • Reboldi, A.1    Coisne, C.2    Baumjohann, D.3    Benvenuto, F.4    Bottinelli, D.5    Lira, S.6    Uccelli, A.7    Lanzavecchia, A.8    Engelhardt, B.9
  • 31
    • 48949117580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-central nervous system barriers actively control immune cell entry into the central nervous system
    • Engelhardt, B. The blood-central nervous system barriers actively control immune cell entry into the central nervous system. Curr. Pharm. Des 2008, 14, 1555-1565.
    • (2008) Curr. Pharm. Des , vol.14 , pp. 1555-1565
    • Engelhardt, B.1
  • 33
    • 33645869560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Agrawal, S.; Anderson, P.; Durbeej, M.; van Rooijen, N.; Ivars, F.; Opdenakker, G.; Sorokin, L.M. Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 2006, 203, 1007-1019.
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med , vol.203 , pp. 1007-1019
    • Agrawal, S.1    Anderson, P.2    Durbeej, M.3    van Rooijen, N.4    Ivars, F.5    Opdenakker, G.6    Sorokin, L.M.7
  • 34
    • 0023949553 scopus 로고
    • Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo
    • Hickey, W.F.; Kimura, H. Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo. Science 1988, 239, 290-292.
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 290-292
    • Hickey, W.F.1    Kimura, H.2
  • 38
    • 0030222037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS
    • Kreutzberg, G.W. Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 1996, 19, 312-318.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 312-318
    • Kreutzberg, G.W.1
  • 39
    • 0000361150 scopus 로고
    • Histologie de la sclerose en plaques
    • (Paris)
    • Charcot, J. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques. Gazette des hopitaux (Paris) 1868, 41, 554-555.
    • (1868) Gazette Des Hopitaux , vol.41 , pp. 554-555
    • Charcot, J.1
  • 40
    • 33644659465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norse contribution to the history of neurological diseases
    • Holmoy, T. A Norse contribution to the history of neurological diseases. Eur. Neurol. 2006, 55, 57-58.
    • (2006) Eur. Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 57-58
    • Holmoy, T.A.1
  • 41
    • 45549092100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of multiple sclerosis: SNPs to pathways to pathogenesis
    • Oksenberg, J.R.; Baranzini, S.E.; Sawcer, S.; Hauser, S.L. The genetics of multiple sclerosis: SNPs to pathways to pathogenesis. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2008, 9, 516-526.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Genet , vol.9 , pp. 516-526
    • Oksenberg, J.R.1    Baranzini, S.E.2    Sawcer, S.3    Hauser, S.L.4
  • 42
    • 34247590137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: The role of infection
    • Ascherio, A.; Munger, K.L. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 61, 288-299.
    • (2007) Ann. Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 288-299
    • Ascherio, A.1    Munger, K.L.2
  • 43
    • 34447508481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors
    • Ascherio, A.; Munger, K.L. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 61, 504-513.
    • (2007) Ann. Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 504-513
    • Ascherio, A.1    Munger, K.L.2
  • 46
    • 0024504359 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability
    • Weinshenker, B.G.; Bass, B.; Rice, G.P.; Noseworthy, J.; Carriere, W.; Baskerville, J.; Ebers, G.C. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989, 112 (Pt 1), 133-146.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 133-146
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Rice, G.P.3    Noseworthy, J.4    Carriere, W.5    Baskerville, J.6    Ebers, G.C.7
  • 48
    • 44449094698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis
    • Svejgaard, A. The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis. Immunogenetics 2008, 60, 275-286.
    • (2008) Immunogenetics , vol.60 , pp. 275-286
    • Svejgaard, A.1
  • 51
    • 0029121088 scopus 로고
    • A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Collaborative Study Group
    • Ebers, G.C.; Sadovnick, A.D.; Risch, N.J. A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Nature 1995, 377, 150-151.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 150-151
    • Ebers, G.C.1    Sadovnick, A.D.2    Risch, N.J.3
  • 53
    • 33745104765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased frequency and broadened specificity of latent EBV nuclear antigen-1-specific T cells in multiple sclerosis
    • Lunemann, J.D.; Edwards, N.; Muraro, P.A.; Hayashi, S.; Cohen, J.I.; Munz, C.; Martin, R. Increased frequency and broadened specificity of latent EBV nuclear antigen-1-specific T cells in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006, 129, 1493-1506.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 1493-1506
    • Lunemann, J.D.1    Edwards, N.2    Muraro, P.A.3    Hayashi, S.4    Cohen, J.I.5    Munz, C.6    Martin, R.7
  • 55
    • 7244254454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid CD4 T cells from a multiple sclerosis patient cross-recognize Epstein-Barr virus and myelin basic protein
    • Holmoy, T.; Kvale, E.O.; Vartdal, F. Cerebrospinal fluid CD4 T cells from a multiple sclerosis patient cross-recognize Epstein-Barr virus and myelin basic protein. J. Neurovirol. 2004, 10, 278-283.
    • (2004) J. Neurovirol , vol.10 , pp. 278-283
    • Holmoy, T.1    Kvale, E.O.2    Vartdal, F.3
  • 60
    • 0035554898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: A two-stage disease
    • Steinman, L. Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease. Nat. Immunol. 2001, 2, 762-764.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 762-764
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 61
    • 34047240306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: Concepts and controversies
    • Holmoy, T. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: concepts and controversies. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2007, 187 (Suppl.), 39-45.
    • (2007) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.187 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 39-45
    • Holmoy, T.1
  • 64
    • 34548133584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: A complicated picture of autoimmunity
    • McFarland, H.F.; Martin, R. Multiple sclerosis: a complicated picture of autoimmunity. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8, 913-919.
    • (2007) Nat. Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 913-919
    • McFarland, H.F.1    Martin, R.2
  • 65
    • 0037645940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cells from multiple sclerosis patients recognize immunoglobulin G from cerebrospinal fluid
    • Holmoy, T.; Vandvik, B.; Vartdal, F. T cells from multiple sclerosis patients recognize immunoglobulin G from cerebrospinal fluid. Mult. Scler. 2003, 9, 228-234.
    • (2003) Mult. Scler , vol.9 , pp. 228-234
    • Holmoy, T.1    Vandvik, B.2    Vartdal, F.3
  • 67
    • 33744472199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of multiple sclerosis: A paradigm shift
    • Barnett, M.H.; Sutton, I. The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2006, 19, 242-247.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 242-247
    • Barnett, M.H.1    Sutton, I.2
  • 68
    • 67349083928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grey matter pathology in clinically early multiple sclerosis: Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging
    • Chard, D.; Miller, D. Grey matter pathology in clinically early multiple sclerosis: evidence from magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurol. Sci. 2009, 282, 5-11.
    • (2009) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.282 , pp. 5-11
    • Chard, D.1    Miller, D.2
  • 72
    • 38749143286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis
    • Tzartos, J.S.; Friese, M.A.; Craner, M.J.; Palace, J.; Newcombe, J.; Esiri, M.M.; Fugger, L. Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 2008, 172, 146-155.
    • (2008) Am. J. Pathol , vol.172 , pp. 146-155
    • Tzartos, J.S.1    Friese, M.A.2    Craner, M.J.3    Palace, J.4    Newcombe, J.5    Esiri, M.M.6    Fugger, L.7
  • 74
    • 33846966636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage
    • Steinman, L. A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage. Nat. Med. 2007, 13, 139-145.
    • (2007) Nat. Med , vol.13 , pp. 139-145
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 75
    • 0025354968 scopus 로고
    • Limited heterogeneity of rearranged T-cell receptor V alpha transcripts in brains of multiple sclerosis patients
    • Oksenberg, J.R.; Stuart, S.; Begovich, A.B.; Bell, R.B.; Erlich, H.A.; Steinman, L.; Bernard, C.C. Limited heterogeneity of rearranged T-cell receptor V alpha transcripts in brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Nature 1990, 345, 344-346.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 344-346
    • Oksenberg, J.R.1    Stuart, S.2    Begovich, A.B.3    Bell, R.B.4    Erlich, H.A.5    Steinman, L.6    Bernard, C.C.7
  • 76
    • 0026549478 scopus 로고
    • T cell receptor V alpha-V beta repertoire and cytokine gene expression in active multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Wucherpfennig, K.W.; Newcombe, J.; Li, H.; Keddy, C.; Cuzner, M.L.; Hafler, D.A. T cell receptor V alpha-V beta repertoire and cytokine gene expression in active multiple sclerosis lesions. J. Exp. Med. 1992, 175, 993-1002.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Med , vol.175 , pp. 993-1002
    • Wucherpfennig, K.W.1    Newcombe, J.2    Li, H.3    Keddy, C.4    Cuzner, M.L.5    Hafler, D.A.6
  • 78
    • 39449110178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunology of multiple sclerosis. Semin
    • Bar-Or, A. The immunology of multiple sclerosis. Semin. Neurol. 2008, 28, 29-45.
    • (2008) Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 29-45
    • Bar-Or, A.1
  • 79
    • 0033786776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand
    • Bielekova, B.; Goodwin, B.; Richert, N.; Cortese, I.; Kondo, T.; Afshar, G.; Gran, B.; Eaton, J.; Antel, J.; Frank, J.A.; McFarland, H.F.; Martin, R. Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand. Nat. Med. 2000, 6, 1167-1175.
    • (2000) Nat. Med , vol.6 , pp. 1167-1175
    • Bielekova, B.1    Goodwin, B.2    Richert, N.3    Cortese, I.4    Kondo, T.5    Afshar, G.6    Gran, B.7    Eaton, J.8    Antel, J.9    Frank, J.A.10    McFarland, H.F.11    Martin, R.12
  • 81
    • 0023222903 scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein reactivity of brain- and cerebrospinal fluid-derived T cell clones in multiple sclerosis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis
    • Hafler, D.A.; Benjamin, D.S.; Burks, J.; Weiner, H.L. Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein reactivity of brain- and cerebrospinal fluid-derived T cell clones in multiple sclerosis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 1987, 139, 68-72.
    • (1987) J. Immunol , vol.139 , pp. 68-72
    • Hafler, D.A.1    Benjamin, D.S.2    Burks, J.3    Weiner, H.L.4
  • 82
    • 42749097973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity to self and self-maintenance: A unified theory of brain pathologies
    • Schwartz, M.; Ziv, Y. Immunity to self and self-maintenance: a unified theory of brain pathologies. Trends Immunol. 2008, 29, 211-219.
    • (2008) Trends Immunol , vol.29 , pp. 211-219
    • Schwartz, M.1    Ziv, Y.2
  • 85
    • 53049102293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets for treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Steinman, L. New targets for treatment of multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 2008, 274, 1-4.
    • (2008) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.274 , pp. 1-4
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 87
    • 0031748566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: In situ evidence for antibody- and complement-mediated demyelination
    • Storch, M.K.; Piddlesden, S.; Haltia, M.; Iivanainen, M.; Morgan, P.; Lassmann, H. Multiple sclerosis: in situ evidence for antibody- and complement-mediated demyelination. Ann. Neurol. 1998, 43, 465-471.
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 465-471
    • Storch, M.K.1    Piddlesden, S.2    Haltia, M.3    Iivanainen, M.4    Morgan, P.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 88
    • 0019934847 scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies
    • Vandvik, B.; Vartdal, F.; Norrby, E. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies. J. Neurol. 1982, 228, 25-38.
    • (1982) J. Neurol , vol.228 , pp. 25-38
    • Vandvik, B.1    Vartdal, F.2    Norrby, E.3
  • 89
    • 0020404455 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in a case of varicella-zoster meningoencephalitis
    • Vartdal, F.; Vandvik, B.; Norrby, E. Intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in a case of varicella-zoster meningoencephalitis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1982, 57, 121-132.
    • (1982) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.57 , pp. 121-132
    • Vartdal, F.1    Vandvik, B.2    Norrby, E.3
  • 90
    • 50349102854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Adv
    • McLaughlin, K.A.; Wucherpfennig, K.W. B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Adv. Immunol. 2008, 98, 121-149.
    • (2008) Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 121-149
    • McLaughlin, K.A.1    Wucherpfennig, K.W.2
  • 91
    • 0042809490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal B-cell clonal expansion, an early sign of humoral immunity, in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis
    • Qin, Y.; Duquette, P.; Zhang, Y.; Olek, M.; Da, R.R.; Richardson, J.; Antel, J.P.; Talbot, P.; Cashman, N.R.; Tourtellotte, W.W.; Wekerle, H.; van Den Noort, S. Intrathecal B-cell clonal expansion, an early sign of humoral immunity, in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Lab. Invest. 2003, 83, 1081-1088.
    • (2003) Lab. Invest , vol.83 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Qin, Y.1    Duquette, P.2    Zhang, Y.3    Olek, M.4    da, R.R.5    Richardson, J.6    Antel, J.P.7    Talbot, P.8    Cashman, N.R.9    Tourtellotte, W.W.10    Wekerle, H.11    van den Noort, S.12
  • 92
    • 10344224545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor revision and atypical mutational characteristics in clonally expanded B cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients
    • Monson, N.L.; Brezinschek, H.P.; Brezinschek, R.I.; Mobley, A.; Vaughan, G.K.; Frohman, E.M.; Racke, M.K.; Lipsky, P.E. Receptor revision and atypical mutational characteristics in clonally expanded B cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 2005, 158, 170-181.
    • (2005) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.158 , pp. 170-181
    • Monson, N.L.1    Brezinschek, H.P.2    Brezinschek, R.I.3    Mobley, A.4    Vaughan, G.K.5    Frohman, E.M.6    Racke, M.K.7    Lipsky, P.E.8
  • 94
    • 21944448962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-lived plasma blasts are the main B cell effector subset during the course of multiple sclerosis
    • Cepok, S.; Rosche, B.; Grummel, V.; Vogel, F.; Zhou, D.; Sayn, J.; Sommer, N.; Hartung, H.P.; Hemmer, B. Short-lived plasma blasts are the main B cell effector subset during the course of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005, 128, 1667-1676.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 1667-1676
    • Cepok, S.1    Rosche, B.2    Grummel, V.3    Vogel, F.4    Zhou, D.5    Sayn, J.6    Sommer, N.7    Hartung, H.P.8    Hemmer, B.9
  • 97
    • 0037333270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein-reactive autoantibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients are characterized by low-affinity interactions
    • O'Connor, K.C.; Chitnis, T.; Griffin, D.E.; Piyasirisilp, S.; Bar-Or, A.; Khoury, S.; Wucherpfennig, K.W.; Hafler, D.A. Myelin basic protein-reactive autoantibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients are characterized by low-affinity interactions. J. Neuroimmunol. 2003, 136, 140-148.
    • (2003) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.136 , pp. 140-148
    • O'Connor, K.C.1    Chitnis, T.2    Griffin, D.E.3    Piyasirisilp, S.4    Bar-Or, A.5    Khoury, S.6    Wucherpfennig, K.W.7    Hafler, D.A.8
  • 98
    • 0025952694 scopus 로고
    • Cells producing antibodies specific for myelin basic protein region 70-89 are predominant in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Martino, G.; Olsson, T.; Fredrikson, S.; Hojeberg, B.; Kostulas, V.; Grimaldi, L.M.; Link, H. Cells producing antibodies specific for myelin basic protein region 70-89 are predominant in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Immunol. 1991, 21, 2971-2976.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 2971-2976
    • Martino, G.1    Olsson, T.2    Fredrikson, S.3    Hojeberg, B.4    Kostulas, V.5    Grimaldi, L.M.6    Link, H.7
  • 101
    • 0018928783 scopus 로고
    • Viral and bacterial antibody responses in multiple sclerosis
    • Vartdal, F.; Vandvik, B.; Norrby, E. Viral and bacterial antibody responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1980, 8, 248-255.
    • (1980) Ann. Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 248-255
    • Vartdal, F.1    Vandvik, B.2    Norrby, E.3
  • 103
    • 0020082374 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis. Electrofocused bands of oligoclonal CSF IgG do not carry antibody activity against measles, varicella-zoster or rotaviruses
    • Vartdal, F.; Vandvik, B. Multiple sclerosis. Electrofocused bands of oligoclonal CSF IgG do not carry antibody activity against measles, varicella-zoster or rotaviruses. J. Neurol. Sci. 1982, 54, 99-107.
    • (1982) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.54 , pp. 99-107
    • Vartdal, F.1    Vandvik, B.2
  • 104
    • 0028027720 scopus 로고
    • The intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis
    • Sindic, C.J.; Monteyne, P.; Laterre, E.C. The intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 1994, 54, 75-80.
    • (1994) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.54 , pp. 75-80
    • Sindic, C.J.1    Monteyne, P.2    Laterre, E.C.3
  • 105
    • 0021074325 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Subclasses of intrathecally synthesized IgG and measles and varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies
    • Vartdal, F.; Vandvik, B. Multiple sclerosis: subclasses of intrathecally synthesized IgG and measles and varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1983, 54, 641-647.
    • (1983) Clin. Exp. Immunol , vol.54 , pp. 641-647
    • Vartdal, F.1    Vandvik, B.2
  • 106
    • 34247890007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal polyspecific immune response to neurotropic viruses in multiple sclerosis: A comparative report from Cuban patients
    • Robinson-Agramonte, M.; Reiber, H.; Cabrera-Gomez, J.A.; Galvizu, R. Intrathecal polyspecific immune response to neurotropic viruses in multiple sclerosis: a comparative report from Cuban patients. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2007, 115, 312-318.
    • (2007) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.115 , pp. 312-318
    • Robinson-Agramonte, M.1    Reiber, H.2    Cabrera-Gomez, J.A.3    Galvizu, R.4
  • 107
    • 70349246667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MS and clinically isolated syndromes: Shared specificity but diverging clonal patterns of virus-specific IgG antibodies produced in vivo and by CSF B cells in vitro
    • Skorstad, G.; Vandvik, B.; Vartdal, F.; Holmoy, T. MS and clinically isolated syndromes: Shared specificity but diverging clonal patterns of virus-specific IgG antibodies produced in vivo and by CSF B cells in vitro. Eur. J. Neurol. 2009, 16, 1124-1129.
    • (2009) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Skorstad, G.1    Vandvik, B.2    Vartdal, F.3    Holmoy, T.4
  • 108
    • 2442708947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Serafini, B.; Rosicarelli, B.; Magliozzi, R.; Stigliano, E.; Aloisi, F. Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol. 2004, 14, 164-174.
    • (2004) Brain Pathol , vol.14 , pp. 164-174
    • Serafini, B.1    Rosicarelli, B.2    Magliozzi, R.3    Stigliano, E.4    Aloisi, F.5
  • 109
    • 0035109174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoid neogenesis: De novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines
    • Hjelmstrom, P. Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2001, 69, 331-339.
    • (2001) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.69 , pp. 331-339
    • Hjelmstrom, P.1
  • 112
    • 33751085414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab reduces B cells and T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients
    • Cross, A.H.; Stark, J.L.; Lauber, J.; Ramsbottom, M.J.; Lyons, J.A. Rituximab reduces B cells and T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 2006, 180, 63-70.
    • (2006) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.180 , pp. 63-70
    • Cross, A.H.1    Stark, J.L.2    Lauber, J.3    Ramsbottom, M.J.4    Lyons, J.A.5
  • 113
    • 34548545064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunological basis for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Scand
    • Holmoy, T.; Vartdal, F. The immunological basis for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Scand. J. Immunol. 2007, 66, 374-382.
    • (2007) J. Immunol , vol.66 , pp. 374-382
    • Holmoy, T.1    Vartdal, F.2
  • 114
    • 0015103005 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide
    • Teitelbaum, D.; Meshorer, A.; Hirshfeld, T.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide. Eur. J. Immunol. 1971, 1, 242-248.
    • (1971) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 242-248
    • Teitelbaum, D.1    Meshorer, A.2    Hirshfeld, T.3    Arnon, R.4    Sela, M.5
  • 115
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Cohen, J.A.; Ford, C.C.; Goldstein, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.; Panitch, H.S.; Rose, J.W.; Schiffer, R.B. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995, 45, 1268-1276.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3    Ford, C.C.4    Goldstein, J.5    Lisak, R.P.6    Myers, L.W.7    Panitch, H.S.8    Rose, J.W.9    Schiffer, R.B.10
  • 116
    • 6844254570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Cohen, J.A.; Ford, C.C.; Goldstein, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.; Panitch, H.S.; Rose, J.W.; Schiffer, R.B.; Vollmer, T.; Weiner, L.P.; Wolinsky, J.S. Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1998, 50, 701-708.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 701-708
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3    Ford, C.C.4    Goldstein, J.5    Lisak, R.P.6    Myers, L.W.7    Panitch, H.S.8    Rose, J.W.9    Schiffer, R.B.10    Vollmer, T.11    Weiner, L.P.12    Wolinsky, J.S.13
  • 117
    • 0032080646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Strominger, J.L. Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules. J. Immunol. 1998, 160, 4386-4397.
    • (1998) J. Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 4386-4397
    • Fridkis-Hareli, M.1    Strominger, J.L.2
  • 118
    • 34447529095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate: Mechanisms of action in multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun
    • Schrempf, W.; Ziemssen, T. Glatiramer acetate: mechanisms of action in multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun. Rev. 2007, 6, 469-475.
    • (2007) Rev , vol.6 , pp. 469-475
    • Schrempf, W.1    Ziemssen, T.2
  • 119
    • 48349114325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Glatiramer acetate induces anti-inflammatory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid
    • Hestvik, A.L.; Skorstad, G.; Price, D.A.; Vartdal, F.; Holmoy, T. Multiple sclerosis: glatiramer acetate induces anti-inflammatory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Mult. Scler. 2008, 14, 749-758.
    • (2008) Mult. Scler , vol.14 , pp. 749-758
    • Hestvik, A.L.1    Skorstad, G.2    Price, D.A.3    Vartdal, F.4    Holmoy, T.5
  • 120
    • 0034041863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Duda, P.W.; Schmied, M.C.; Cook, S.L.; Krieger, J.I.; Hafler, D.A. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest 2000, 105, 967-976.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest , vol.105 , pp. 967-976
    • Duda, P.W.1    Schmied, M.C.2    Cook, S.L.3    Krieger, J.I.4    Hafler, D.A.5
  • 121
    • 0034691165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Comparison of copolymer-1- reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells
    • Neuhaus, O.; Farina, C.; Yassouridis, A.; Wiendl, H.; Then, B.F.; Dose, T.; Wekerle, H.; Hohlfeld, R. Multiple sclerosis: comparison of copolymer-1- reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 7452-7457.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 7452-7457
    • Neuhaus, O.1    Farina, C.2    Yassouridis, A.3    Wiendl, H.4    Then, B.F.5    Dose, T.6    Wekerle, H.7    Hohlfeld, R.8
  • 122
    • 0035029442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term therapy with glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: Effect on T-cells
    • Ragheb, S.; Abramczyk, S.; Lisak, D.; Lisak, R. Long-term therapy with glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: effect on T-cells. Mult. Scler. 2001, 7, 43-47.
    • (2001) Mult. Scler , vol.7 , pp. 43-47
    • Ragheb, S.1    Abramczyk, S.2    Lisak, D.3    Lisak, R.4
  • 123
    • 0037105959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained immunological effects of Glatiramer acetate in patients with multiple sclerosis treated for over 6 years
    • Chen, M.; Conway, K.; Johnson, K.P.; Martin, R.; Dhib-Jalbut, S. Sustained immunological effects of Glatiramer acetate in patients with multiple sclerosis treated for over 6 years. J. Neurol. Sci. 2002, 201, 71-77.
    • (2002) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.201 , pp. 71-77
    • Chen, M.1    Conway, K.2    Johnson, K.P.3    Martin, R.4    Dhib-Jalbut, S.5
  • 124
    • 0035049725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Copaxone (COP): Elispot assay detects COP-induced interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma response in blood cells
    • Farina, C.; Then, B.F.; Albrecht, H.; Meinl, E.; Yassouridis, A.; Neuhaus, O.; Hohlfeld, R. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Copaxone (COP): Elispot assay detects COP-induced interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma response in blood cells. Brain 2001, 124, 705-719.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 705-719
    • Farina, C.1    Then, B.F.2    Albrecht, H.3    Meinl, E.4    Yassouridis, A.5    Neuhaus, O.6    Hohlfeld, R.7
  • 126
    • 0344198593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate-specific T cells in the brain express T helper 2/3 cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in situ
    • Aharoni, R.; Kayhan, B.; Eilam, R.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Glatiramer acetate-specific T cells in the brain express T helper 2/3 cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in situ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 14157-14162.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 14157-14162
    • Aharoni, R.1    Kayhan, B.2    Eilam, R.3    Sela, M.4    Arnon, R.5
  • 127
    • 34447309805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate-specific human CD8(+) T cells: Increased IL-4 production in multiple sclerosis is reduced by glatiramer acetate treatment
    • Dressel, A.; Vogelgesang, A.; Brinkmeier, H.; Mader, M.; Weber, F. Glatiramer acetate-specific human CD8(+) T cells: increased IL-4 production in multiple sclerosis is reduced by glatiramer acetate treatment. J. Neuroimmunol. 2006, 181, 133-140.
    • (2006) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.181 , pp. 133-140
    • Dressel, A.1    Vogelgesang, A.2    Brinkmeier, H.3    Mader, M.4    Weber, F.5
  • 128
    • 67349137938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release by the drug glatiramer acetate
    • Sand, K.L.; Knudsen, E.; Rolin, J.; Al-Falahi, Y.; Maghazachi, A.A. Modulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release by the drug glatiramer acetate. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2009, 66, 1446-1456.
    • (2009) Cell Mol. Life Sci , vol.66 , pp. 1446-1456
    • Sand, K.L.1    Knudsen, E.2    Rolin, J.3    Al-Falahi, Y.4    Maghazachi, A.A.5
  • 129
    • 72749096461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Kala, M.; Rhodes, S.N.; Piao, W.H.; Shi, F.D.; Campagnolo, D.I.; Vollmer, T.L. B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp. Neurol. 2010, 221, 136-145.
    • (2010) Exp. Neurol , vol.221 , pp. 136-145
    • Kala, M.1    Rhodes, S.N.2    Piao, W.H.3    Shi, F.D.4    Campagnolo, D.I.5    Vollmer, T.L.6
  • 130
    • 0036098325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral treatment of mice with copolymer 1 (glatiramer acetate) results in the accumulation of specific Th2 cells in the central nervous system
    • Aharoni, R.; Meshorer, A.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Oral treatment of mice with copolymer 1 (glatiramer acetate) results in the accumulation of specific Th2 cells in the central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol. 2002, 126, 58-68.
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.126 , pp. 58-68
    • Aharoni, R.1    Meshorer, A.2    Sela, M.3    Arnon, R.4
  • 131
    • 0034633663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific Th2 cells accumulate in the central nervous system of mice protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by copolymer 1
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Leitner, O.; Meshorer, A.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Specific Th2 cells accumulate in the central nervous system of mice protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by copolymer 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 11472-11477.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 11472-11477
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Leitner, O.3    Meshorer, A.4    Sela, M.5    Arnon, R.6
  • 132
    • 0030987548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 induces T cells of the T helper type 2 that crossreact with myelin basic protein and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. Copolymer 1 induces T cells of the T helper type 2 that crossreact with myelin basic protein and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 10821-10826.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 10821-10826
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Sela, M.3    Arnon, R.4
  • 133
    • 0033582242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 acts against the immunodominant epitope 82-100 of myelin basic protein by T cell receptor antagonism in addition to major histocompatibility complex blocking
    • Aharoni, R.; Teitelbaum, D.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Copolymer 1 acts against the immunodominant epitope 82-100 of myelin basic protein by T cell receptor antagonism in addition to major histocompatibility complex blocking. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 634-639.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 634-639
    • Aharoni, R.1    Teitelbaum, D.2    Arnon, R.3    Sela, M.4
  • 134
    • 0029916716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 inhibits chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in mice and interferes with PLP-specific T cell responses
    • Teitelbaum, D.; Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. Copolymer 1 inhibits chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in mice and interferes with PLP-specific T cell responses. J. Neuroimmunol. 1996, 64, 209-217.
    • (1996) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.64 , pp. 209-217
    • Teitelbaum, D.1    Fridkis-Hareli, M.2    Arnon, R.3    Sela, M.4
  • 135
    • 0029986881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autoimmune reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis is potentially pathogenic: Effect of copolymer 1 on MOG-induced disease
    • Ben-Nun, A.; Mendel, I.; Bakimer, R.; Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Teitelbaum, D.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M.; Kerlero de, R.N. The autoimmune reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis is potentially pathogenic: effect of copolymer 1 on MOG-induced disease. J. Neurol. 1996, 243, S14-S22.
    • (1996) J. Neurol , vol.243
    • Ben-Nun, A.1    Mendel, I.2    Bakimer, R.3    Fridkis-Hareli, M.4    Teitelbaum, D.5    Arnon, R.6    Sela, M.7    de kerlero, R.N.8
  • 136
    • 0022645560 scopus 로고
    • Human cellular immune response to copolymer I and myelin basic protein
    • Burns, J.; Krasner, L.J.; Guerrero, F. Human cellular immune response to copolymer I and myelin basic protein. Neurology 1986, 36, 92-94.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 92-94
    • Burns, J.1    Krasner, L.J.2    Guerrero, F.3
  • 137
    • 0343006716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1)-specific, human T cell lines: Cytokine profile and suppression of T cell lines reactive against myelin basic protein
    • Dabbert, D.; Rosner, S.; Kramer, M.; Scholl, U.; Tumani, H.; Mader, M.; Weber, F. Glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1)-specific, human T cell lines: cytokine profile and suppression of T cell lines reactive against myelin basic protein. Neurosci. Lett. 2000, 289, 205-208.
    • (2000) Neurosci. Lett , vol.289 , pp. 205-208
    • Dabbert, D.1    Rosner, S.2    Kramer, M.3    Scholl, U.4    Tumani, H.5    Mader, M.6    Weber, F.7
  • 139
    • 0034882744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate induces a Th2-biased response and crossreactivity with myelin basic protein in patients with MS
    • Chen, M.; Gran, B.; Costello, K.; Johnson, K.; Martin, R.; Dhib-Jalbut, S. Glatiramer acetate induces a Th2-biased response and crossreactivity with myelin basic protein in patients with MS. Mult. Scler. 2001, 7, 209-219.
    • (2001) Mult. Scler , vol.7 , pp. 209-219
    • Chen, M.1    Gran, B.2    Costello, K.3    Johnson, K.4    Martin, R.5    Dhib-Jalbut, S.6
  • 140
    • 5144233487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and its potential for the development of new applications
    • Arnon, R.; Aharoni, R. Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and its potential for the development of new applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101 (Suppl 2), 14593-14598.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 14593-14598
    • Arnon, R.1    Aharoni, R.2
  • 142
    • 24744435759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis and neuroprotection induced by peripheral immunomodulatory treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Aharoni, R.; Arnon, R.; Eilam, R. Neurogenesis and neuroprotection induced by peripheral immunomodulatory treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25, 8217-8228.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 8217-8228
    • Aharoni, R.1    Arnon, R.2    Eilam, R.3
  • 143
    • 0036845819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate- specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: Implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
    • Ziemssen, T.; Kumpfel, T.; Klinkert, W.E.; Neuhaus, O.; Hohlfeld, R. Glatiramer acetate- specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain 2002, 125, 2381-2391.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 2381-2391
    • Ziemssen, T.1    Kumpfel, T.2    Klinkert, W.E.3    Neuhaus, O.4    Hohlfeld, R.5
  • 144
    • 0142074862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate-reactive T cells produce brain- derived neurotrophic factor
    • Chen, M.; Valenzuela, R.M.; Dhib-Jalbut, S. Glatiramer acetate-reactive T cells produce brain- derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurol. Sci. 2003, 215, 37-44.
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.215 , pp. 37-44
    • Chen, M.1    Valenzuela, R.M.2    Dhib-Jalbut, S.3
  • 145
    • 30044451754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunomodulator glatiramer acetate augments the expression of neurotrophic factors in brains of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice
    • Aharoni, R.; Eilam, R.; Domev, H.; Labunskay, G.; Sela, M.; Arnon, R. The immunomodulator glatiramer acetate augments the expression of neurotrophic factors in brains of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 19045-19050.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 19045-19050
    • Aharoni, R.1    Eilam, R.2    Domev, H.3    Labunskay, G.4    Sela, M.5    Arnon, R.6
  • 146
    • 70349815768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting oligodendrogenesis and myelin repair using the multiple sclerosis medication glatiramer acetate
    • Skihar, V.; Silva, C.; Chojnacki, A.; Doring, A.; Stallcup, W.B.; Weiss, S.; Yong, V.W. Promoting oligodendrogenesis and myelin repair using the multiple sclerosis medication glatiramer acetate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, 17992-17997.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 17992-17997
    • Skihar, V.1    Silva, C.2    Chojnacki, A.3    Doring, A.4    Stallcup, W.B.5    Weiss, S.6    Yong, V.W.7
  • 147
    • 49649090657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demyelination arrest and remyelination induced by glatiramer acetate treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Aharoni, R.; Herschkovitz, A.; Eilam, R.; Blumberg-Hazan, M.; Sela, M.; Bruck, W.; Arnon, R. Demyelination arrest and remyelination induced by glatiramer acetate treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 11358-11363.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 11358-11363
    • Aharoni, R.1    Herschkovitz, A.2    Eilam, R.3    Blumberg-Hazan, M.4    Sela, M.5    Bruck, W.6    Arnon, R.7
  • 150
    • 34848885871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Weber, M.S.; Hohlfeld, R.; Zamvil, S.S. Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2007, 4, 647-653.
    • (2007) Neurotherapeutics , vol.4 , pp. 647-653
    • Weber, M.S.1    Hohlfeld, R.2    Zamvil, S.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.