메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 132, Issue 51, 2010, Pages 18326-18339

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed arene and alkene C-H bond functionalization leading to indoles and pyrroles

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES; C-H BOND; DEUTERIUM LABELING; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; ENAMIDES; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; HETEROCYCLES; INDOLE DERIVATIVES; INTERNAL ALKYNES; KINETIC ANALYSIS; MILD TEMPERATURES; OPTIMIZED REACTION CONDITIONS; OXIDATIVE ANNULATION; RHODIUM-CATALYZED; ROOM TEMPERATURE; TERMINAL OXIDANTS;

EID: 78650613906     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja1082624     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (610)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 78650600066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Beilstein search for indoles with biological activity yielded >45 000 results.
    • A Beilstein search for indoles with biological activity yielded >45 000 results.
  • 8
    • 78650598420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a review on transition metal-catalyzed indole synthesis, see
    • For a review on transition metal-catalyzed indole synthesis, see
  • 9
    • 33751424969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For selected individual accounts, see
    • Zeni, G. and Larock, R. C. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4644. For selected individual accounts, see
    • (2006) Chem. Rev. , vol.106 , pp. 4644
    • Zeni, G.1    Larock, R.C.2
  • 21
    • 78650592519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For selected examples of transition metal-catalyzed pyrrole synthesis, see
    • For selected examples of transition metal-catalyzed pyrrole synthesis, see
  • 27
    • 78650599390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For representative applications in medicinal chemistry, see
    • For representative applications in medicinal chemistry, see
  • 31
    • 0035840337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For recent representative examples of the Larock indole synthesis in total synthesis, see:, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6360
    • Ujjainwalla, F. and Walsh, T. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 41, 6441 For recent representative examples of the Larock indole synthesis in total synthesis, see: Newhouse, T., Lewis, C. A., and Baran, P. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6360
    • (2001) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 6441
    • Ujjainwalla, F.1    Walsh, T.F.2    Newhouse, T.3    Lewis, C.A.4    Baran, P.S.5
  • 35
    • 78650596288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a recent and comprehensive review of rhodium(III)-catalyzed formation of heterocycles via annulative processes with internal alkynes, see
    • For a recent and comprehensive review of rhodium(III)-catalyzed formation of heterocycles via annulative processes with internal alkynes, see
  • 46
    • 78650608868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • During the preparation of this manuscript, a conceptually interesting approach employing allylic, and one example of vinylic, C-H bond functionalization in the formation of pyrroles was reported; see
    • During the preparation of this manuscript, a conceptually interesting approach employing allylic, and one example of vinylic, C-H bond functionalization in the formation of pyrroles was reported; see
  • 48
    • 78650592742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2-mediated isoquinoline salt formation, see
  • 49
    • 51949093660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For examples of isoquinoline synthesis employing catalytic 1 and 2, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 12050
    • Li, L., Brennessel, W. W., and Jones, W. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12414 For examples of isoquinoline synthesis employing catalytic 1 and 2, see: Guimond, N. and Fagnou, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 12050
    • (2008) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 12414
    • Li, L.1    Brennessel, W.W.2    Jones, W.D.3    Guimond, N.4    Fagnou, K.5
  • 60
    • 78650601765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For pioneering work employing catalytic copper and air as the terminal oxidant, see ref 9.
    • For pioneering work employing catalytic copper and air as the terminal oxidant, see ref 9.
  • 61
    • 78650621118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This aspect of the chemistry was identified in a Synfacts Highlight of our previously reported indole synthesis, ref 10b. Synfacts 2009, 3, 254.
    • This aspect of the chemistry was identified in a Synfacts Highlight of our previously reported indole synthesis, ref 10b. Synfacts 2009, 3, 254.
  • 63
    • 78650628401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsequent to its use in our indole forming reaction, catalyst 2 has been utilized in the synthesis of isoquinolines (ref 13b) and in the hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes (ref 16) by our group. This catalyst (2) will soon be commercially available from Strem Chemicals, Inc.
    • Subsequent to its use in our indole forming reaction, catalyst 2 has been utilized in the synthesis of isoquinolines (ref 13b) and in the hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes (ref 16) by our group. This catalyst (2) will soon be commercially available from Strem Chemicals, Inc.
  • 64
    • 78650600734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It should be noted that the reaction set-up is operationally very simple and that there is no need for special precautions to exclude atmospheric air or moisture.
    • It should be noted that the reaction set-up is operationally very simple and that there is no need for special precautions to exclude atmospheric air or moisture.
  • 65
    • 78650613297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Other solvents were tested in order to avoid solvolysis of the product with t -AmOH. However, slow reactions and lower yields of the desired product were observed.
    • Other solvents were tested in order to avoid solvolysis of the product with t -AmOH. However, slow reactions and lower yields of the desired product were observed.
  • 66
    • 78650600987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Supporting Information for further details.
    • See Supporting Information for further details.
  • 73
    • 78650617382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For previous syntheses of paullone and its derivatives, see
    • For previous syntheses of paullone and its derivatives, see
  • 80
    • 78650600284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Hammett correlation and an Arrehnius plot are also provided in the Supporting Information.
    • A Hammett correlation and an Arrehnius plot are also provided in the Supporting Information.
  • 84
    • 78650606365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a historical perspective on the evolution of the CMD mechanism in the chemical literature, including examples involving cyclometalation reactions, see
    • For a historical perspective on the evolution of the CMD mechanism in the chemical literature, including examples involving cyclometalation reactions, see
  • 86
    • 78650586513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See the Supporting Information for exact details of data collection for the kinetic experiments.
    • See the Supporting Information for exact details of data collection for the kinetic experiments.
  • 87
    • 78650624708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2)]; see Supporting Information for more details.
    • 2)]; see Supporting Information for more details.
  • 88
    • 78650586294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lines drawn in Figure 5 are done in order to guide the reader's eye and do not represent a mathematical correlation.
    • The lines drawn in Figure 5 are done in order to guide the reader's eye and do not represent a mathematical correlation.
  • 92
    • 78650620222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The greater formation of the side product in chlorinated solvents is attributed to the presence of small amounts of HCl due to decomposition of the solvent.
    • The greater formation of the side product in chlorinated solvents is attributed to the presence of small amounts of HCl due to decomposition of the solvent.
  • 93
    • 78650613523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a > 1 provided 12 in similar yield with pivalic acid giving optimal results; see the Supporting Information for further details.
    • a > 1 provided 12 in similar yield with pivalic acid giving optimal results; see the Supporting Information for further details.
  • 94
    • 78650614255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This is opposite to what was previously observed by Jones for the stoichiometric cyclorhodation of benzylimines; see ref 19.
    • This is opposite to what was previously observed by Jones for the stoichiometric cyclorhodation of benzylimines; see ref 19.
  • 95
    • 78650607091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method involving syringe pump addition of the alkyne was explored but was complicated by the small scale of the reaction. Therefore, syringe pump addition was abandoned for the sequential addition protocol.
    • A method involving syringe pump addition of the alkyne was explored but was complicated by the small scale of the reaction. Therefore, syringe pump addition was abandoned for the sequential addition protocol.
  • 96
    • 78650622979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the pyrrole forming reaction, a mixture of regioisomers in a 3.5:1 ratio is observed with the same selectivity as that observed in the indole-forming reaction.
    • In the pyrrole forming reaction, a mixture of regioisomers in a 3.5:1 ratio is observed with the same selectivity as that observed in the indole-forming reaction.
  • 98
    • 78650604252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaxys search of compound 18e provided only one hit
    • Reaxys search of compound 18e provided only one hit


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.