Cats and Dogs Down the Tree: The Tempo and Mode of Evolution in the Lower Carnassial of Fossil and Living Carnivora

Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 177-186

  Meloro, Carlo ^a   Raia, Pasquale ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Disparity through time; Mammals; Phylogenetic constraint; Phylogenetic signal; Teeth

Indexed keywords

CANIS FAMILIARIS; CARNIVORA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 78649914468     PISSN: 00713260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11692-010-9094-3     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Adams, D. C. (2008). Phylogenetic meta-analysis. Evolution, 62(3), 567-572.
2. Arnason, U., Gullberg, A., Janke, A., & Kullberg, M. (2007). Mitogenomic analyses of caniform relationships. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 863-874.
3. Arthur, W. (2001). Developmental drive: An important determinant of the direction of phenotypic evolution. Evolution & Development, 3(4), 271-278.
4. Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Gittleman, J. L., & Purvis, A. (1999). Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia). Biological Reviews, 74(2), 143-175.
5. Blomberg, S. P., & Garland, T. (2002). Tempo and mode in evolution: Phylogenetic inertia, adaptation and comparative methods. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15(6), 899-909.
6. Blomberg, S. P., Garland, T., & Ives, A. R. (2003). Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution, 57(4), 717-745.
7. Brakefield, P. M. (2006). Evo-devo and constraints on selection. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21(7), 362-368.
8. Butler, M. A., & King, A. A. (2004). Phylogenetic comparative analysis: A modeling approach for approach for adaptive evolution. The American Naturalist, 164(6), 683-695.
9. Carbone, C., Mace, G. M., Roberts, S. C., & Macdonald, D. W. (1999). Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores. Nature, 402, 286-288.
10. Carbone, C., Teacher, A., & Rowcliffe, J. M. (2007). The costs of carnivory. PLoS Biology, 5(2), E22.
11. Ciampaglio, C. N., Kemp, M., & McShea, D. W. (2001). Detecting changes in morphospace occupation patterns in the fossil record: Characterization and analysis of measures of disparity. Paleobiology, 27(4), 695-715.
12. Crusafont-Pairó, M., & Truyols-Santonja, J. (1956). A biometric study of evolution of fissiped carnivores. Evolution, 10, 314-332.
13. Crusafont-Pairó, M., Truyols-Santonja, J. (1957). Estudios masterométricos en la evolución Fisípedos. I. Los módulos angulares a y b. II. Los parámetros lineales P, C, y T. Boletino Instituto Geologico y Minero España, 68, 1-140.
14. Crusafont-Pairó, M., & Truyols-Santonja, J. (1958). A quantitative study of stasigenesis in fissipede carnivores. Nature, 181, 289-290.
15. Davies, T. J., Meiri, S., Barraclough, T. G., & Gittleman, J. L. (2007). Species co-existence and character divergence across carnivores. Ecology Letters, 10(2), 146-152.
16. Evans, A. R., Wilson, G. P., Fortelius, M., & Jernvall, J. (2007). High-level similarity of dentitions in carnivorans and rodents. Nature, 445, 78-81.
17. Ewer, R. F. (1973). The carnivores. New York: Cornell University Press.
18. Felsenstein, J. (1985). Phylogenies and the comparative method. The American Naturalist, 125(1), 1-15.
19. Finarelli, J. A., & Flynn, J. J. (2006). Ancestral state reconstruction of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora, Mammalia): The effects of incorporating data from the fossil record. Systematic Biology, 55(2), 301-313.
20. Flynn, J. J. (1996). Carnivore phylogeny and rates of evolution: morphological, taxic, and molecular. In J. L. Gittleman (Ed.), Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (Vol. 2, pp. 542-581). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
21. Freckleton, R. P., Harvey, P. H., & Pagel, M. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: A test and review of evidence. The American Naturalist, 160(6), 712-726.
22. Garland, T., Bennett, A. F., & Rezende, E. L. (2005). Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208, 3015-3035.
23. Gaubert, P., & Cordeiro-Estrela, P. (2006). Phylogenetic systematics and tempo of evolution of the Viverrinae (Mammalia, Carnivora, Viverridae) within feliformians: Implications for faunal exchanges between Asia and Africa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 266-278.
24. Gittleman, J. L. (1985). Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates. Oecologia, 67(4), 540-554.
25. Gittleman, J. L. (1986). Carnivore life history patterns: Allometric, phylogenetic, and ecological associations. The American Naturalist, 127(6), 744-771.
26. Gould, S. J. (1989). Wonderful life: The Burgess Shale and the nature of history. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
27. Gould, S. J. (2002). The structure of evolutionary theory. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
28. Hansen, T. F. (1997). Stabilizing selection and the comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution, 51(5), 1341-1351.
29. Harmon, L. J., Schulte, J. A., Losos, J. B., & Larson, A. (2003). Tempo and mode of evolutionary radiation in iguanian lizards. Science, 301(5635), 961-964.
30. Harmon, L. J., Weir, J., Brock, C., Glor, R. E., & Challenger, W. (2008). GEIGER: Investigating evolutionary radiations. Bioinformatics, 24(1), 129-131.
31. Hunt, R. M., Jr. (1996). Biogeography of the order Carnivora. In J. L. Gittleman (Ed.), Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (Vol. 2, pp. 485-541). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
32. Jernvall, J., Hunter, J. P., & Fortelius, M. (1996). Molar tooth diversity, disparity, and ecology in Cenozoic ungulate radiations. Science, 274(5292), 1489-1492.
33. Kavanagh, K. D., Evans, A. R., & Jernvall, J. (2007). Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development. Nature, 449, 427-432.
34. Lavin, S. R., Karasov, W. H., Ives, A. R., Middleton, K. M., & Garland, T. (2008). Morphometrics of the avian small intestine compared with that of nonflying mammals: A phylogenetic approach. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 81(5), 526-550.
35. Lucas, P. W. (2004). Dental functional morphology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
36. Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D. R. (2002-2009). Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis, version 2. 72.
37. Martins, E. P., & Hansen, T. F. (1997). Phylogenies and the comparative method: A general approach to incorporating phylogenetic information into the analysis of interspecific data. The American Naturalist, 149(4), 646-667.
38. Mattila, T. M., Bokma F. (2010). Extant mammal body masses suggest punctuated equilibrium. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B series, 275(1648), 2195-2199.
39. McNab, B. K. (1986). The influence of food habits on the energetics of eutherian mammals. Ecological Monographs, 56(1), 1-19.
40. McNab, B. K. (2000). Energy constraints on carnivore diet. Nature, 907, 584.
41. Meiri, S., Dayan, T., & Simberloff, D. (2005). Variability and correlations in carnivore crania and dentition. Functional Ecology, 19, 337-343.
42. Meiri, S., Dayan, T., & Simberloff, D. (2007). Guild composition and mustelid morphology-character displacement but no character release. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 2148-2158.
43. Meloro, C., Raia, P., Piras, P., Barbera, C., & O'Higgins, P. (2008). The shape of the mandibular corpus in large fissiped carnivores: Allometry, function and phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 154(4), 832-845.
44. Pagel, M. (1999). Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature, 401, 877-884.
45. Pagel, M., Venditti, C., & Meade, A. (2006). Large punctuational contribution of speciation to evolutionary divergence at the molecular level. Science, 314, 119-121.
46. Paradis, E., Claude, J., & Strimmer, K. (2004). APE: Analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics, 20(2), 289-290.
47. Polly, P. D. (1998). Variability, selection, and constraints: development and evolution in viverravid (Carnivora, Mammalia) molar morphology. Paleobiology, 24, 409-429.
48. Polly, P. D. (2001). Paleontology and the comparative method: Ancestral node reconstructions versus observed node values. The American Naturalist, 157, 596-609.
49. Polly, P. D. (2002). Phylogenetic tests for differences in shape and the importance of divergence times: Eldredge's enigma explored. In N. MacLeod & P. Forey (Eds.), Morphology, shape, and phylogenetics (pp. 220-246). London: Taylor and Francis, Inc.
50. Polly, P. D. (2004). On the simulation of the evolution of morphological shape: Multivariate shape under selection and drift. Palaeontologia Electronica, 7(2), 7A: 1-28.
51. Polly, P. D. (2007). Development with a bite. News and views. Nature, 449, 413-415.
52. Polly, P. D., Wesley-Hunt, G. D., Heinrich, R. E., Davis, G., & Houde, P. (2006). Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia). Palaeontology, 49, 1019-1027.
53. Popowics, T. E. (2003). Postcanine dental form in the Mustelidae and Viverridae (Carnivora: Mammalia). Journal of Morphology, 256(3), 322-341.
54. R Development Core Team (2008). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. www. R-project. org.
55. Rabosky, D. L. (2009). Heritability of extinction rates links diversification patterns in molecular phylogenies and fossils. Systematic Biology, 58(6), 629-640.
56. Raia, P., Carotenuto, F., Meloro, C., Piras, P., & Pushkina, D. (2010). The shape of contention: Adaptation, history, and contigency in ungulate mandibles. Evolution, 64(5), 1489-1503.
57. Renvoisé, E., Evans, A. R., Jebrane, A., Labruère, C., Laffont, R., & Montuire, S. (2009). Evolution of mammal tooth patterns: New insights from a developmental prediction model. Evolution, 63(5), 1327-1340.
58. Revell, L. J., Harmon, L. J., & Collar, D. C. (2008). Phylogenetic signal, evolutionary process, and rate. Systematic Biology, 57(4), 591-601.
59. Rohlf, F. J. (2001). Comparative methods for the analysis of continuous variables: Geometric interpretations. Evolution, 55(11), 2143-2160.
60. Rohlf, F. J. (2006a). tpsDig 2. 10. Stony Brook, NY: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York.
61. Rohlf, F. J. (2006b). Ntsys version v. 2. 21. New York: Exeter Software.
62. Salazar-Ciudad, I., & Jernvall, J. (2010). A computational model of teeth and the developmental origins of morphological variation. Nature, 464, 583-586.
63. Schwenk, K. (1995). A utilitarian approach to evolutionary constraint. Zoology, 98, 251-262.
64. van Valen, L. (1960). A functional index of hypsodonty. Evolution, 14, 531-532.
65. van Valkenburg, B. (1990). Skeletal and dental predictors of body mass in carnivores. In J. Damuth & B. J. MacFadden (Eds.), Body size in mammalian paleobiology: Estimation and biological implications (pp. 181-205). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. van Valkenburgh, B. (1991). Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids (Mammalia: Carnivore): Evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators. Paleobiology, 17(4), 340-362.
67. van Valkenburgh, B. (1999). Major patterns in the history of carnivorous mammals. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 27, 463-493.
68. van Valkenburgh, B. (2007). Déjà vu: The evolution of feeding morphologies in the Carnivora. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 1-17.
69. van Valkenburgh, B., Wang, X., & Damuth, J. (2004). Cope's rule, hypercarnivory and extinction in North American canids. Science, 306, 101-104.
70. Wagner, P. J. (2000). The use of phylogenetic hypotheses in morphospace analyses. In R. E. Chapman, M. Wills, & D. Rasskin-Gutman (Eds.), Morphospace concepts and applications. New York: Columbia University Press.
71. Webster, A. J., & Purvis, A. (2002). Testing the accuracy of methods for reconstructing ancestral states of continuous characters. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 269(1487), 143-149.
72. Werdelin, L. (1989). Constraint and adaptation in the bone cracking canid Osteoborus (Mammalia: Canidae). Paleobiology, 15(4), 387-401.
73. Werdelin, L. (1996). Carnivoran ecomorphology: A phylogenetic perspective. In J. L. Gittleman (Ed.), Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (Vol. 1, pp. 582-624). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
74. Werdelin, L., & Solounias, N. (1991). The Hyaenidae: Taxonomic systematics and evolution. Fossils and Strata, 30, 1-104.
75. Wesley-Hunt, G. D. (2005). The morphological diversification of carnivores in North America. Paleobiology, 31(1), 35-55.
76. Wesley-Hunt, G. D., & Flynn, J. J. (2005). Phylogeny of the Carnivora: Basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of 'Miacoidea' relative to Carnivora. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3, 1-28.
77. Wesley-Hunt, G. D., & Werdelin, L. (2005). Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50(4), 837-846.