Diet quality and weight gain among black and white young adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1985-2005)

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 92, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 784-793

  Zamora, Daisy ^a   Gordon Larsen, Penny ^a   Jacobs Jr , David R ^b,c   Popkin, Barry M ^a  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIETARY INTAKE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; FOOD QUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; SCORING SYSTEM; WEIGHT GAIN; CAUCASIAN; CHOLESTEROL INTAKE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DECISION MAKING; DIET; FAT INTAKE; FRUIT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; NEGRO; OBESITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RISK FACTOR; STANDARD; UNITED STATES; VEGETABLE;

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; BODY MASS INDEX; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CHOLESTEROL, DIETARY; CORONARY DISEASE; DIET; DIETARY FATS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; FRUIT; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; OBESITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES; VEGETABLES; WEIGHT GAIN; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78049439799     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29161     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. 6th ed. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2005.
2. Gao X, Wilde PE, Lichtenstein AH, Tucker KL. The 2005 USDA Food Guide Pyramid is associated with more adequate nutrient intakes within energy constraints than the 1992 Pyramid. J Nutr 2006;136:1341-6.
3. King J, Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. An evidence-based approach for establishing dietary guidelines. J Nutr 2007;137(2):480-3.
4. Togo P, Osler M, Sørensen TI, Heitmann BL. Food intake patterns and body mass index in observational studies. Intl J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:1741-51.
5. Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM. Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(suppl):508S-13S.
6. Guo X, Warden BA, Paeratakul S, Bray GA. Healthy Eating Index and obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:1580-6.
7. Kant AK, Graubard BI. A comparison of three dietary pattern indexes for predicting biomarkers of diet and disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:294-303.
8. Gao SK, Beresford SA, Frank LL, Schreiner PJ, Burke GL, Fitzpatrick AL. Modifications to the Healthy Eating Index and its ability to predict obesity: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:64-9.
9. Berg CM, Lappas G, Strandhagen E, et al. Food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Swedish INTERGENE research program. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:289-97.
10. Howard BV, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006;295:39-49.
11. Quatromoni PA, Pencina M, Cobain MR, Jacques PF, D'Agostino RB. Dietary quality predicts adult weight gain: findings from the Framingham Offspring Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006;14:1383-91.
12. Newby PK, Muller D, Hallfrisch J, Qiao N, Andres R, Tucker KL. Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1417-25.
13. Togo P, Osler M, Sorensen TI, Heitmann BL. A longitudinal study of food intake patterns and obesity in adult Danish men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:583-93.
14. Thomson CA, Rock CL, Giuliano AR, et al. Longitudinal changes in body weight and body composition among women previously treated for breast cancer consuming a high-vegetable, fruit and fiber, low-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2005;44:18-25.
15. Quatromoni PA, Copenhafer DL, D'Agostino RB, Millen BE. Dietary patterns predict the development of overweight in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc 2002;102:1239-46.
16. Burke V, Giangiulio N, Gillam HF, Beilin LJ, Houghton S. Physical activity and nutrition programs for couples: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56:421-32.
17. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006;295:1549-55.
18. Wang X, Lyles MF, You T, Berry MJ, Rejeski WJ, Nicklas BJ. Weight regain is related to decreases in physical activity during weight loss. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:1781-8.
19. Miller DS, Parsonage S. Resistance to slimming adaptation or illusion? Lancet 1975;305:1-5.
20. Segal KR, Gutin B, Nyman AM, Pi-Sunyer FX. Thermic effect of food at rest, during exercise, and after exercise in lean and obese men of similar body weight. J Clin Invest 1985;76:1107-12.
21. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Gomez-Gracia E, Martinez JA, Pajares RM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Predictors of weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Study 1. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:362-70, quiz 94-5.
22. Mendez MA, Popkin BM, Jakszyn P, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of obesity. J Nutr 2006;136:2934-8.
23. Hughes GH, Cutter G, Donahue R, et al. Recruitment in the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Control Clin Trials 1987;8(suppl):68S-73S.
24. Friedman GD, Cutter GR, Donahue RP, et al. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:1105-16.
25. Liu K, Slattery M, Jacobs D, et al. A study of the reliability and comparative validity of the CARDIA dietary history. Ethn Dis 1994;4:15-27.
26. McDonald A, Van Horn L, Slattery M, et al. The CARDIA dietary history: development, implementation, and evaluation. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:1104-12.
27. Slattery ML, McDonald A, Bild DE, et al. Associations of body fat and its distribution with dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking in blacks and whites. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:943-9.
28. Patterson RE, Haines PS, Popkin BM. Diet quality index: capturing a multidimensional behavior. J Am Diet Assoc 1994;94:57-64.
29. Popkin BM, Siega-Riz AM, Haines PS. A comparison of dietary trends among racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States. N Engl J Med 1996;335:716-20.
30. Popkin BM, Haines PS, Siega-riz AM. Dietary patterns and trends in the United States: the UNC-CH approach. Appetite 1999;32:8-14.
31. Kim S, Haines PS, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States. J Nutr 2003;133:3476-84.
32. Haines PS, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. The Diet Quality Index revised: a measurement instrument for populations. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:697-704.
33. Laraia BA, Siega-Riz AM, Kaufman JS, Jones SJ. Proximity of supermarkets is positively associated with diet quality index for pregnancy. Prev Med 2004;39:869-75.
34. US Department of Agriculture MyPyramid online tool. Version current April 2008. Available from: http://mypyramid.gov (cited 28 April 2008).
35. Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Development of the Healthy Eating Index-2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:1896-901.
36. NHLBI. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1998. (NIH publication no. 98-4083.)
37. Norman JE, Bild D, Lewis CE, Liu K, West DS. The impact of weight change on cardiovascular disease risk factors in young black and white adults: the CARDIA study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:369-76.
38. Jacobs DR Jr, Hahn LP, Haskell WL, Pirie P, Sidney S. Validity and reliability of short physical activity history: CARDIA and the Minnesota Heart Health Program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1989;9:448-59.
39. Cleves MA, Gould WW, Gutierrez RG. An introduction to survival analysis using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 2008.
40. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc, B 1972;34:187-220.
41. Price WA. Nutrition and physical degeneration; a comparison of primitive and modern diets and their effects. Santa Monica, CA: Price-Pottenger Foundation, 1979.
42. Mateljan G. The world's healthiest foods. Seattle, WA: George Mateljan Foundation, 2006.
43. Brand-Miller JC, Thomas M, Swan V, Ahmad ZI, Petocz P, Colagiuri S. Physiological validation of the concept of glycemic load in lean young adults. J Nutr 2003;133:2728-32.
44. Oettle GJ, Emmett PM, Heaton KW. Glucose and insulin responses to manufactured and whole-food snacks. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:86-91.
45. Patterson BH, Harlan LC, Block G, Kahle L. Food choices of whites, blacks, and Hispanics: data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey. Nutr Cancer 1995;23:105-19.
46. Ritchie LD, Spector P, Stevens MJ, et al. Dietary patterns in adolescence are related to adiposity in young adulthood in black and white females. J Nutr 2007;137:399-406.
47. Swanson CA, Gridley G, Greenberg RS, et al. A comparison of diets of blacks and whites in three areas of the United States. Nutr Cancer 1993;20:153-65.
48. Deshmukh-Taskar P, Nicklas TA, Yang S-J, Berenson GS. Does food group consumption vary by differences in socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle factors in young adults? The Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:223-34.
49. Buzby J, Lin B, Wells H, Lucier G, Perez A. Canned fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States: a report to the United States Congress. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2008.
50. Ludwig DS, Pereira MA, Kroenke CH, et al. Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. JAMA 1999;282:1539-46.
51. Brand-Miller JC, Holt SHA, Pawlak DB, McMillan J. Glycemic index and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(suppl):281S-5S.
52. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2002;287:2414-23.
53. Gannon B, DiPietro L, Poehlman ET. Do African Americans have lower energy expenditure than Caucasians? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:4-13.
54. Kaplan AS, Zemel BS, Stallings VA. Differences in resting energy expenditure in prepubertal black children and white children. J Pediatr 1996;129:643-7.
55. Weyer C, Snitker S, Bogardus C, Ravussin E. Energy metabolism in African Americans: potential risk factors for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:13-20.
56. Sharp TA, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, et al. Differences in resting metabolic rate between white and African-American young adults. Obes Res 2002;10:726-32.
57. Chitwood LF, Brown SP, Lundy MJ, Dupper MA. Metabolic propensity toward obesity in black vs white females: responses during rest, exercise and recovery. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20:455-62.
58. Cortright RN, Sandhoff KM, Basilio JL, et al. Skeletal muscle fat oxidation is increased in African-American and white women after 10 days of endurance exercise training. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006;14:1201-10.
59. Berk ES, Kovera AJ, Boozer CN, Pi-Sunyer FX, Albu JB. Metabolic inflexibility in substrate use is present in African-American but not Caucasian healthy, premenopausal, nondiabetic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4099-106.
60. Nicklas BJ, Berman DM, Davis DC, Dobrovolny CL, Dennis KE. Racial differences in metabolic predictors of obesity among postmenopausal women. Obes Res 1999;7:463-8.
61. Weinsier RL, Hunter GR, Schutz Y, Zuckerman PA, Darnell BE. Physical activity in free-living, overweight white and black women: divergent responses by race to diet-induced weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:736-42.
62. Kumanyika SK, Obarzanek E, Stevens VJ, Hebert PR, Whelton PK. Weight-loss experience of black and white participants in NHLBI-sponsored clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(suppl):1631S-8S.
63. Wing RR, Anglin K. Effectiveness of a behavioral weight control program for blacks and whites with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1996;19:409-13.
64. Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ, Berman DM. Racial differences in insulin resistance and mid-thigh fat deposition in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2002;10:336-44.
65. Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C, Janosky JE. Insulin secretion and sensitivity in black versus white prepubertal healthy children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1923-7.
66. Ku CY, Gower BA, Hunter GR, Goran MI. Racial differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity in prepubertal children: role of physical fitness and physical activity. Obes Res 2000;8:506-15.
67. Gower BA, Fernández JR, Beasley TM, Shriver MD, Goran MI. Using genetic admixture to explain racial differences in insulin-related phenotypes. Diabetes 2003;52:1047-51.
68. Osei K, Schuster DP. Ethnic differences in secretion, sensitivity, and hepatic extraction of insulin in black and white Americans. Diabet Med 1994;11:755-62.
69. Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Arslanian SA. Does adiponectin explain the lower insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia of African-American children? Pediatr Diabetes 2005;6:100-2.
70. Wedick NM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Wingard DL, Addy CL, Barrett-Connor E. Insulin resistance precedes weight loss in adults without diabetes: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1199-205.
71. Odeleye OE, de Courten M, Pettitt DJ, Ravussin E. Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children. Diabetes 1997;46:1341-5.
72. Sigal RJ, El-Hashimy M, Martin BC, Soeldner JS, Krolewski AS, Warram JH. Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain: a prospective study. Diabetes 1997;46:1025-9.
73. Torbay N, Baba NH, Sawaya S, et al. High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment of obese normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects. Nutr Res 2002;22:587-98.
74. Mosca CL, Marshall JA, Grunwald GK, Cornier MA, Baxter J. Insulin resistance as a modifier of the relationship between dietary fat intake and weight gain. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:803-12.
75. Gropper SAS, Groff JL, Smith JL, Combs TP. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.
76. Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Feldman HA, Lovesky MM, Ludwig DS. Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2007;297:2092-102.
77. Cornier MA, Donahoo WT, Pereira R, et al. Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women. Obes Res2005;13:703-9.
78. Pittas AG, Das SK, Hajduk CL, et al. A low-glycemic load diet facilitates greater weight loss in overweight adults with high insulin secretion but not in overweight adults with low insulin secretion in the CALERIE Trial. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2939-41.
79. Johansson G, Wikman A, Ahren AM, Hallmans G, Johansson I. Underreporting of energy intake in repeated 24-hour recalls related to gender, age, weight status, day of interview, educational level, reported food intake, smoking habits and area of living. Public Health Nutr 2001;4:919-27.
80. Schatzkin A, Kipnis V, Carroll RJ, et al. A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1054-62.
81. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Pencina M, et al. Unique dietary patterns and chronic disease risk profiles of adult men: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:1723-34.
82. Dunn JE, Liu K, Greenland P, Hilner JE, Jacobs DR Jr. Seven-year tracking of dietary factors in young adults: the CARDIA study. Am J Prev Med 2000;18:38-45.
83. McCullough ML, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: moving toward improved dietary guidance. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1261-71.