메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 269-277

Acute and chronic effects of sulfur mustard on the skin: A comprehensive review

Author keywords

Carcinogenicity; Dermatitis; Skin; Sulfur mustard; Treatment

Indexed keywords

MUSTARD GAS;

EID: 78049374472     PISSN: 15569527     EISSN: 15569535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2010.511367     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (65)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0037045530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical weapons [review]
    • Evison D, Hinsley D, Rice P. Chemical weapons [review]. Br Med J. 2002; 324(7333):332-335
    • (2002) Br Med J. , vol.324 , Issue.7333 , pp. 332-335
    • Evison, D.1    Hinsley, D.2    Rice, P.3
  • 2
    • 84862129800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: An old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat
    • discussion 30-31
    • Wattana M, Bey T. Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: an old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat. Prehosp Disaster Med 2009; 24(1):19-29; discussion 30-31.
    • (2009) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-29
    • Wattana, M.1    Bey, T.2
  • 3
    • 67749088549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphur mustard poisoning and its complications in Iranian veterans
    • Balali-Mood M, Balali-Mood B. Sulphur mustard poisoning and its complications in Iranian veterans. Iran J Med Sci 2009;34(3):155-171.
    • (2009) Iran J Med Sci , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-171
    • Balali-Mood, M.1    Balali-Mood, B.2
  • 4
    • 0028905042 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur mustard: Its continuing threat as a chemical warfare agent,the cutaneous lesions induced, progress in understanding its mechanism of action, its long-term health efects, and new developments for protection and therapy
    • Smith KJ, Hurst CG, Moeller RB, Skelton HG, Sidell FR. Sulfur mustard: its continuing threat as a chemical warfare agent,the cutaneous lesions induced, progress in understanding its mechanism of action, its long-term health efects, and new developments for protection and therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32(5 pt 1):765-776.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.32 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 765-776
    • Smith, K.J.1    Hurst, C.G.2    Moeller, R.B.3    Skelton, H.G.4    Sidell, F.R.5
  • 5
    • 20044373718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Te pharmacology, toxicology, and medical treatment of sulphur mustard poisoning [review]
    • Balali-Mood M, Hefazi M. Te pharmacology, toxicology, and medical treatment of sulphur mustard poisoning [review].Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 19(3):297-315.
    • (2005) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-315
    • Balali-Mood, M.1    Hefazi, M.2
  • 6
    • 0026635899 scopus 로고
    • Skin manifestation of mustard gas. A clinical study of 535 patients exposed to mustard gas
    • Momeni AZ, Enshaeih S, Meghdadi M, Aminjavaheri M.Skin manifestation of mustard gas. A clinical study of 535 patients exposed to mustard gas. Arch Dermatol 1992;128(6):775-780.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , Issue.6 , pp. 775-780
    • Momeni, A.Z.1    Enshaeih, S.2    Meghdadi, M.3    Aminjavaheri, M.4
  • 7
    • 0032891838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Te prevention and treatment of cutaneous injury secondary to chemical warfare agents. Application of these fnding to other dermatologic conditions and wound healing
    • Smith KJ. Te prevention and treatment of cutaneous injury secondary to chemical warfare agents. Application of these fnding to other dermatologic conditions and wound healing. Dermatol Clin 1999; 17(1):41-60.
    • (1999) Dermatol Clin , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-60
    • Smith, K.J.1
  • 8
    • 0026560553 scopus 로고
    • Agents of chemical warfare: Sulfur mustard
    • Borak J, Sidell F. Agents of chemical warfare: sulfur mustard.Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21:303-308.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 303-308
    • Borak, J.1    Sidell, F.2
  • 9
    • 0031081132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic features seen with diferent animal models following cutaneous sulfur mustard exposure
    • Smith KJ, Casillas R, Graham J, Skelton HG, Stemler F, Hackley BE Jr. Histopathologic features seen with diferent animal models following cutaneous sulfur mustard exposure. J Dermatol Sci 1997; 14(2):126-135.
    • (1997) J Dermatol Sci , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-135
    • Smith, K.J.1    Casillas, R.2    Graham, J.3    Skelton, H.G.4    Stemler, F.5    Hackley Jr., B.E.6
  • 10
    • 0026322043 scopus 로고
    • Medical defence against blistering chemical warfare agents
    • Smith W, Dunn MA. Medical defence against blistering chemical warfare agents. Arch Dermatol.1991;127:1207-13.
    • (1991) Arch Dermatol. , vol.127 , pp. 1207-13
    • Smith, W.1    Dunn, M.A.2
  • 12
    • 19544388603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinicopathological study on acute cutaneous lesions induced by sulfur mustard gas (yperite)
    • Naraghi ZS, Mansouri P, Mortazavi M. A clinicopathological study on acute cutaneous lesions induced by sulfur mustard gas (yperite). Eur J Dermatol 2005; 15(3):140-145.
    • (2005) Eur J Dermatol , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 140-145
    • Naraghi, Z.S.1    Mansouri, P.2    Mortazavi, M.3
  • 13
    • 33750061025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of early and late toxic efects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans
    • Balali-Mood M, Hefazi M. Comparison of early and late toxic efects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 99(4):273-282.
    • (2006) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-282
    • Balali-Mood, M.1    Hefazi, M.2
  • 14
    • 75349113486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in intoxicated Iranian veterans
    • Namazi S, Niknahad H, Razmkhah H. Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in intoxicated Iranian veterans. J Med Toxicol 2009; 5(4):191-195.
    • (2009) J Med Toxicol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 191-195
    • Namazi, S.1    Niknahad, H.2    Razmkhah, H.3
  • 15
    • 0003921463 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms in production of cutaneous injuries by sulfur and nitrogen mustards
    • Summary technical report of Division 9.Washington, DC: National Defense Research Committee of the Ofce of Scientifc Research and Development
    • Renshaw B. Mechanisms in production of cutaneous injuries by sulfur and nitrogen mustards. In: Chemical Warfare Agents, and Related Chemical Problems-Parts III-VI. Summary technical report of Division 9.Washington, DC: National Defense Research Committee of the Ofce of Scientifc Research and Development; 1946.
    • (1946) Chemical Warfare Agents, and Related Chemical Problems-Parts III-VI
    • Renshaw, B.1
  • 16
    • 0003301355 scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of mustard gas casualties
    • Willems JL. Clinical management of mustard gas casualties.Ann Med Militaris Belgicae 1989; (Suppl.): 1-60.
    • (1989) Ann Med Militaris Belgicae , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-60
    • Willems, J.L.1
  • 17
    • 84984578321 scopus 로고
    • Te action of mustard gas on collagen
    • Pirie A. Te action of mustard gas on collagen. Biochem. J. 1947;41, 185.
    • (1947) Biochem. J. , vol.41 , pp. 185
    • Pirie, A.1
  • 19
    • 84873794924 scopus 로고
    • Medical report of the Bari Harbor mustard casualties
    • Alexander SF. Medical report of the Bari Harbor mustard casualties.Mil. Surg 1947; 101, 1-20.
    • (1947) Mil Surg , vol.101 , pp. 1-20
    • Alexander, S.F.1
  • 20
    • 0002782482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicants
    • Zajtchuk R,Bellamy RF, eds Washington, DC: Ofce of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center
    • Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR. Vesicants. In: Zajtchuk R,Bellamy RF, eds. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biologica Warfare; Washington, DC: Ofce of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center. 1997:197-228.
    • (1997) Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biologica Warfare , pp. 197-228
    • Sidell, F.R.1    Takafuji, E.T.2    Franz, D.R.3
  • 23
    • 49949117032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late cutaneous manifestations 14 to 20 years after wartime exposure to sulfur mustard gas: A long-term investigation
    • Emadi SN, Mortazavi M, Mortazavi H. Late cutaneous manifestations 14 to 20 years after wartime exposure to sulfur mustard gas: a long-term investigation. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144(8):1059-1061.
    • (2008) Arch Dermatol , vol.144 , Issue.8 , pp. 1059-1061
    • Emadi, S.N.1    Mortazavi, M.2    Mortazavi, H.3
  • 24
    • 34249721652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenol and menthol in the treatment of chronic skin lesions following mustard gas exposure
    • Panahi Y, Davoodi SM, Khalili H, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Bigdeli M. Phenol and menthol in the treatment of chronic skin lesions following mustard gas exposure. Singapore Med J 2007; 48(5):392-395.
    • (2007) Singapore Med J , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 392-395
    • Panahi, Y.1    Davoodi, S.M.2    Khalili, H.3    Dashti-Khavidaki, S.4    Bigdeli, M.5
  • 26
    • 33748264898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning in the skin and the immune system of Iranian veterans 16-20 years after exposure
    • Hefazi M, Maleki M, Mahmoudi M, Tabatabaee A, Balali-Mood M. Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning in the skin and the immune system of Iranian veterans 16-20 years after exposure. Int J Dermatol 2006;45(9):1025- 1031.
    • (2006) Int J Dermatol , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1025-1031
    • Hefazi, M.1    Maleki, M.2    Mahmoudi, M.3    Tabatabaee, A.4    Balali-Mood, M.5
  • 27
    • 0242415273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of lung, eye, and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent
    • Khateri S, Ghanei M, Keshavarz S, Soroush M, Haines D.Incidence of lung, eye, and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent. J Occup Environ Med 2003; 45(11):1136-1143.
    • (2003) J Occup Environ Med , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 1136-1143
    • Khateri, S.1    Ghanei, M.2    Keshavarz, S.3    Soroush, M.4    Haines, D.5
  • 28
    • 0033063260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eruptive melanocytic nevi and cherry angiomas secondary to exposure to sulfur mustard gas
    • Firooz A, Komeili A, Dowlati Y. Eruptive melanocytic nevi and cherry angiomas secondary to exposure to sulfur mustard gas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40(4):646-647.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 646-647
    • Firooz, A.1    Komeili, A.2    Dowlati, Y.3
  • 30
    • 77954442859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of skin sebum and elasticity level in patients with sulfur mustard-induced dermatitis and healthy controls
    • Davoudi SM, Sadr B, Hayatbakhsh MR, Keshavarz S, Shohrati M, Naghizadeh MM, et al. Comparative study of skin sebum and elasticity level in patients with sulfur mustard-induced dermatitis and healthy controls. Skin Res Technol 2010;16(2):237-242.
    • (2010) Skin Res Technol , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-242
    • Davoudi, S.M.1    Sadr, B.2    Hayatbakhsh, M.R.3    Keshavarz, S.4    Shohrati, M.5    Naghizadeh, M.M.6
  • 31
    • 39749100763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mustard gas scarring with specifc pigmentary,trophic and vascular characteristics (case report, 16-year post-exposure)
    • Epub 2007 Mar 26
    • Emadi SN, Hosseini-Khalili A, Soroush MR, Davoodi SM,Aghamiri SS. Mustard gas scarring with specifc pigmentary,trophic and vascular characteristics (case report, 16-year post-exposure). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2008; 69(3):574-576. Epub 2007 Mar 26.
    • (2008) Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 574-576
    • Emadi, S.N.1    Hosseini-Khalili, A.2    Soroush, M.R.3    Davoodi, S.M.4    Aghamiri, S.S.5
  • 32
    • 0035679553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OxLDL upregu-lates growth-regulation oncogene alpha expression in human endothelial cells
    • Dec
    • Lei Z, Wen C, Xu J, Li X, Qing L, Wei M. OxLDL upregu-lates growth-regulation oncogene alpha expression in human endothelial cells. Chin Med J (Engl). 2001 Dec;114(12):1240-4.
    • (2001) Chin Med J (Engl). , vol.114 , Issue.12 , pp. 1240-4
    • Lei, Z.1    Wen, C.2    Xu, J.3    Li, X.4    Qing, L.5    Wei, M.6
  • 33
    • 77955505761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct binding of sulfur mustard and chloroethyl ethyl sulphide to human cell membrane-associated proteins; Implications for sulfur mustard pathology
    • Sayer NM, Whiting R, Green AC, Anderson K, Jenner J,Lindsay CD. Direct binding of sulfur mustard and chloroethyl ethyl sulphide to human cell membrane-associated proteins; implications for sulfur mustard pathology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878(17-18):1426-1432.
    • (2010) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.878 , Issue.17-18 , pp. 1426-1432
    • Sayer, N.M.1    Whiting, R.2    Green, A.C.3    Anderson, K.4    Jenner Jlindsay, C.D.5
  • 34
    • 0030054826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Te cytokines NAP-1 (IL-8) MCP-1, IL-1 beta,and GRO in rabbit infammatory skin lesions produced by the chemical irritant sulfur mustard
    • Tsuruta J, Sugisaki K, Dannenberg AM Jr, Yoshimura T, Abe Y, Mounts P. Te cytokines NAP-1 (IL-8), MCP-1, IL-1 beta,and GRO in rabbit infammatory skin lesions produced by the chemical irritant sulfur mustard. Infammation 1996;20(3):293-318.
    • (1996) Infammation , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-318
    • Tsuruta, J.1    Sugisaki, K.2    Dannenberg Jr., A.M.3    Yoshimura, T.4    Abe, Y.5    Mounts, P.6
  • 36
    • 26044437901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning
    • Kehe K, Szinicz L. Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning.Toxicology 2005; 214(3):198-209.
    • (2005) Toxicology , vol.214 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-209
    • Kehe, K.1    Szinicz, L.2
  • 37
    • 0036952731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine, chemokine, and matrix metalloproteinase response after sulfur mustard injury to weanling pig skin
    • Sabourin CL, Danne MM, Buxton KL, Casillas RP, Schlager JJ.Cytokine, chemokine, and matrix metalloproteinase response after sulfur mustard injury to weanling pig skin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2002; 16(6):263-272.
    • (2002) J Biochem Mol Toxicol , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 263-272
    • Sabourin, C.L.1    Danne, M.M.2    Buxton, K.L.3    Casillas, R.P.4    Schlager, J.J.5
  • 38
    • 0043065344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of sulfur mustard-induced infam-mation and gene expression by Olvanil in the hairless mouse vesicant model
    • Sabourin CL, Danne MM, Buxton K, Rogers JV, Niemuth NA, Blank JA, et al. Modulation of sulfur mustard-induced infam-mation and gene expression by Olvanil in the hairless mouse vesicant model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2003;22(3):125-136.
    • (2003) Cutan Ocul Toxicol , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-136
    • Sabourin, C.L.1    Danne, M.M.2    Buxton, K.3    Rogers, J.V.4    Niemuth, N.A.5    Blank, J.A.6
  • 40
    • 27744593323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sulfur mustard-induced skin lesion; Efect of topical iodine
    • Wormser U, Brodsky B, Proscura E, Foley JF, Jones T, Nyska A. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sulfur mustard-induced skin lesion; efect of topical iodine. Arch Toxicol 2005; 79(11):660-670.
    • (2005) Arch Toxicol , vol.79 , Issue.11 , pp. 660-670
    • Wormser, U.1    Brodsky, B.2    Proscura, E.3    Foley, J.F.4    Jones, T.5    Nyska, A.6
  • 42
    • 58149457386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diferential gene expression profling of mouse skin after sulfur mustard exposure: Extended time response and inhibitor efect
    • Gerecke DR, Chen M, Isukapalli SS, Gordon MK, Chang YC, Tong W, et al. Diferential gene expression profling of mouse skin after sulfur mustard exposure: extended time response and inhibitor efect. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;234(2):156-165.
    • (2009) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.234 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-165
    • Gerecke, D.R.1    Chen, M.2    Isukapalli, S.S.3    Gordon, M.K.4    Chang, Y.C.5    Tong, W.6
  • 43
    • 47649110446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur mustard tox-icity following dermal exposure: Role of oxidative stress,and antioxidant therapy
    • Paromov V, Suntres Z, Smith M, Stone WL. Sulfur mustard tox-icity following dermal exposure: role of oxidative stress,and antioxidant therapy. J Burns Wounds 2007;7:e7.
    • (2007) J Burns Wounds , vol.7
    • Paromov, V.1    Suntres, Z.2    Smith, M.3    Stone, W.L.4
  • 45
    • 0030845839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical markers for basement membrane proteins and proliferation and apoptosis markers in sulfur mustard induced cutaneous lesions in weanling pigs
    • Smith KJ, Graham JS, Hamilton TA, Skelton HG, Petrali JP,Hurst CG.Immunohistochemical markers for basement membrane proteins and proliferation and apoptosis markers in sulfur mustard induced cutaneous lesions in weanling pigs. J Dermatol Sci 1997; 15 (3):173-182.
    • (1997) J Dermatol Sci , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-182
    • Smith, K.J.1    Graham, J.S.2    Hamilton, T.A.3    Skelton, H.G.4    Petrali, J.P.5    Hurst, C.G.6
  • 46
    • 0001541553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term health efects of nerve agents and mustard
    • Ofce of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. Accessed January 15, 2006
    • Sidell FR, Hurst CG. Long-term health efects of nerve agents and mustard.Warfare, Weaponry and the Casualty-Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Ofce of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.1997: 229-246. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/report/1997/cwbw/Ch8.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2006.
    • (1997) Warfare, Weaponry and the Casualty-Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , pp. 229-246
    • Sidell, F.R.1    Hurst, C.G.2
  • 47
    • 0017699246 scopus 로고
    • Burn scar carcinoma:A review and analysis of 46 cases
    • Novick M, Gard DA, Hardy SB, Spira M. Burn scar carcinoma:a review and analysis of 46 cases. J Trauma 1977;17(10):809-817.
    • (1977) J Trauma , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 809-817
    • Novick, M.1    Gard, D.A.2    Hardy, S.B.3    Spira, M.4
  • 48
    • 0001359320 scopus 로고
    • Development of cancer in burn scars:analysis and report of 34 cases
    • Treves N, Pack GT. Development of cancer in burn scars:analysis and report of 34 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1930;51:749-782.
    • (1930) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.51 , pp. 749-782
    • Treves, N.1    Pack, G.T.2
  • 49
    • 0018095647 scopus 로고
    • Multiple Bowen's disease observed in former workers of a poison gas factory in Japan, with special reference to mustard gas exposure
    • Apr
    • Inada S, Hiragun K, Seo K, Yamura T. Multiple Bowen's disease observed in former workers of a poison gas factory in Japan, with special reference to mustard gas exposure. J Dermatol. 1978 Apr;5(2):49-60.
    • (1978) J Dermatol. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 49-60
    • Inada, S.1    Hiragun, K.2    Seo, K.3    Yamura, T.4
  • 50
    • 78049411798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic health efects of sulphur mustard exposure with special reference to Iranian veterans
    • Balali-Mood M, Mousavi SH, Balali-Mood B. Chronic health efects of sulphur mustard exposure with special reference to Iranian veterans. Emerg Heal Treats J 2008; 1:e7.
    • (2008) Emerg Heal Treats J , vol.1
    • Balali-Mood, M.1    Mousavi, S.H.2    Balali-Mood, B.3
  • 51
    • 84965360056 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of lesions due to vesicants
    • Chiesman WE. Diagnosis and treatment of lesions due to vesicants. Br Med J 1944; 2:109-112.
    • (1944) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 109-112
    • Chiesman, W.E.1
  • 54
    • 33646096766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mustard: A potential agent of chemical warfare and terrorism
    • Jan Review
    • Saladi RN, Smith E, Persaud AN. Mustard: a potential agent of chemical warfare and terrorism. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 Jan;31(1):1-5. Review.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Dermatol. , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Saladi, R.N.1    Smith, E.2    Persaud, A.N.3
  • 55
    • 20044391186 scopus 로고
    • Chemical warfare agents
    • Viccellio P (ed) Philadelphia, PA: Lippicott-Raven Publishers
    • Sidell FR. Chemical warfare agents. In: Viccellio P (ed).Emergency Toxicology; Philadelphia, PA: Lippicott-Raven Publishers. 1988:255-266.
    • (1988) Emergency Toxicology , pp. 255-266
    • Sidell, F.R.1
  • 57
    • 77950519882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods of advanced wound management for care of combined traumatic and chemical warfare injuries
    • Graham JS, Gerlach TW, Logan TP, Bonar JP, Fugo RJ, Lee RB,et al. Methods of advanced wound management for care of combined traumatic and chemical warfare injuries. Eplasty 2008;8:e34.
    • (2008) Eplasty , vol.8
    • Graham, J.S.1    Gerlach, T.W.2    Logan, T.P.3    Bonar, J.P.4    Fugo, R.J.5    Lee, R.B.6
  • 59
    • 0033990191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermabrasion: A novel concept in the surgical management of sulphur mustard injuries
    • Rice P, Brown RF, Lam DG, Chilcott RP, Bennett NJ.Dermabrasion: a novel concept in the surgical management of sulphur mustard injuries. Burns 2000; 26(1):34-40.
    • (2000) Burns , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-40
    • Rice, P.1    Brown, R.F.2    Lam, D.G.3    Chilcott, R.P.4    Bennett, N.J.5
  • 60
    • 0032029322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early nonsurgical removal of chemically injured tissue enhances wound healing in partial thickness burns
    • Eldad A, Weinberg A, Breiterman S, Chaouat M, Palanker D, Ben-Bassat H. Early nonsurgical removal of chemically injured tissue enhances wound healing in partial thickness burns. Burns 1998;24(2):166-172.
    • (1998) Burns , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-172
    • Eldad, A.1    Weinberg, A.2    Breiterman, S.3    Chaouat, M.4    Palanker, D.5    Ben-Bassat, H.6
  • 61
    • 33645111747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the initial response of engineered human skin to sulfur mustard
    • Greenberg S, Kamath P, Petrali J, Hamilton T, Garfeld J,Garlick JA. Characterization of the initial response of engineered human skin to sulfur mustard. Toxicol Sci 2006;90(2):549-557.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 549-557
    • Greenberg, S.1    Kamath, P.2    Petrali, J.3    Hamilton, T.4    Garfeld, J.5    Garlick, J.A.6
  • 62
    • 0032844328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical characterization of the basement membrane epitopes in bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfde-induced toxicity in mouse ear skin
    • Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO, Babin MC, Casillas RP.Immunohistochemical characterization of the basement membrane epitopes in bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfde-induced toxicity in mouse ear skin. J Appl Toxicol 1999; 19(5):313-328.
    • (1999) J Appl Toxicol , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 313-328
    • Monteiro-Riviere, N.A.1    Inman, A.O.2    Babin, M.C.3    Casillas, R.P.4
  • 63
    • 70350622847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur mustard analog induces oxida-tive stress and activates signaling cascades in the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice
    • Pal A, Tewari-Singh N, Gu M, Agarwal C, Huang J, Day BJ, White CW, Agarwal R. Sulfur mustard analog induces oxida-tive stress and activates signaling cascades in the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice.Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47(11):1640-1651.
    • (2009) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.47 , Issue.11 , pp. 1640-1651
    • Pal, A.1    Tewari-Singh, N.2    Gu, M.3    Agarwal, C.4    Huang, J.5    Day, B.J.6    White, C.W.7    Agarwal, R.8
  • 64
    • 61349192327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde-induced skin injury in SKH-1 hairless mice
    • Tewari-Singh N, Rana S, Gu M, Pal A, Orlicky DJ, White CW, Agarwal R. Infammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde-induced skin injury in SKH-1 hairless mice. Toxicol Sci. 2009;108(1):194-206.
    • (2009) Toxicol Sci. , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 194-206
    • Tewari-Singh, N.1    Rana, S.2    Gu, M.3    Pal, A.4    Orlicky, D.J.5    White, C.W.6    Agarwal, R.7
  • 65
    • 62449195493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for mitochondrial oxi-dative stress in sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde-induced lung cell injury and antioxidant protection
    • Gould NS, White CW, Day BJ. A role for mitochondrial oxi-dative stress in sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde-induced lung cell injury and antioxidant protection.J Pharmacol Exp Ter 2009; 328(3):732-739.
    • (2009) J Pharmacol Exp ter , vol.328 , Issue.3 , pp. 732-739
    • Gould, N.S.1    White, C.W.2    Day, B.J.3
  • 66
    • 0034885107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro skin absorption and decontamination of sulphur mustard: Comparison of human and pig-ear skin
    • Chilcott R P, Jenner J, Hotchkiss SA, Rice P. In vitro skin absorption and decontamination of sulphur mustard: comparison of human and pig-ear skin. J Appl Toxicol 2001; 21(4):279-283.
    • (2001) J Appl Toxicol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-283
    • Chilcott, R.P.1    Jenner, J.2    Hotchkiss, S.A.3    Rice, P.4
  • 67
    • 20044375052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha expression patterns as potential molecular biomarker for human skin cells exposed to vesicant chemical warfare agents: Sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L)
    • Arroyo CM, Burman DL, Kahler DW, Nelson MR, Corun CM,Guzman JJ, et al. TNF-alpha expression patterns as potential molecular biomarker for human skin cells exposed to vesicant chemical warfare agents: sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L). Cell Biol Toxicol 2004; 20(6):345-359.
    • (2004) Cell Biol Toxicol , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 345-359
    • Arroyo, C.M.1    Burman, D.L.2    Kahler, D.W.3    Nelson, M.R.4    Corun Cmguzman, J.J.5
  • 69
    • 67651165398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss in patients with a history of sulfur mustard contact: A case-control study
    • Aug
    • Davoudi SM, Keshavarz S, Sadr B, Shohrati M, Naghizadeh MM, Farsinejad K, et al, Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss in patients with a history of sulfur mustard contact: a case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Aug;23(8):940-944
    • (2009) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 940-944
    • Davoudi, S.M.1    Keshavarz, S.2    Sadr, B.3    Shohrati, M.4    Naghizadeh, M.M.5    Farsinejad, K.6
  • 71
    • 70449525213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid simultaneous determination of apoptosis, necrosis, and viability in sulfur mustard exposed HaCaT cell cultures
    • Heinrich A, Balszuweit F, Tiermann H, Kehe K. Rapid simultaneous determination of apoptosis, necrosis, and viability in sulfur mustard exposed HaCaT cell cultures. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191(2-3):260-267.
    • (2009) Toxicol Lett , vol.191 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 260-267
    • Heinrich, A.1    Balszuweit, F.2    Tiermann, H.3    Kehe, K.4
  • 72
    • 38749095897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur mustard downregulates iNOS expression to inhibit wound healing in a human keratinocyte model
    • Ishida H, Ray R, Ray P. Sulfur mustard downregulates iNOS expression to inhibit wound healing in a human keratinocyte model. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 49(3):207-216.
    • (2008) J Dermatol Sci , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-216
    • Ishida, H.1    Ray, R.2    Ray, P.3
  • 73
    • 78049399518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia as an adjunct therapy to vesicant-induced skin injury
    • Sawyer TW, Nelson P. Hypothermia as an adjunct therapy to vesicant-induced skin injury. Eplasty 2008; 8:e25.
    • (2008) Eplasty , vol.8
    • Sawyer, T.W.1    Nelson, P.2
  • 74
    • 0035930396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard in keratinocytes
    • Shahin S, Cullinane C, Gray PJ. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard in keratinocytes.Chem Biol Interact 2001; 138(3):231-245.
    • (2001) Chem Biol Interact , vol.138 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-245
    • Shahin, S.1    Cullinane, C.2    Gray, P.J.3
  • 76
    • 57049181922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed ocular, pulmonary, and cutaneous complications of mustards in patients in the city of Sardasht, Iran
    • Ghassemi-Broumand M, Aslani J, Emadi SN. Delayed ocular, pulmonary, and cutaneous complications of mustards in patients in the city of Sardasht, Iran. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008; 27(4):295-305.
    • (2008) Cutan Ocul Toxicol , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-305
    • Ghassemi-Broumand, M.1    Aslani, J.2    Emadi, S.N.3
  • 77
    • 77953125030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of MAP kinases in regulating expression of anti-oxidants and infammatory mediators in mouse keratinocytes following exposure to the half mustard 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde
    • Black AT, Joseph LB, Casillas RP, Heck DE, Gerecke DR, Sinko PJ, et al. Role of MAP kinases in regulating expression of anti-oxidants and infammatory mediators in mouse keratinocytes following exposure to the half mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfde. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245(3):352-360.
    • (2010) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.245 , Issue.3 , pp. 352-360
    • Black, A.T.1    Joseph, L.B.2    Casillas, R.P.3    Heck, D.E.4    Gerecke, D.R.5    Sinko, P.J.6
  • 78
    • 33645111324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarray analysis of mouse ear tissue exposed to bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfde: Gene expression pro-fles correlate with treatment efcacy and an established clinical endpoint
    • Epub 2005 Dec 23
    • Dillman JF, Hege AI, Phillips CS, Orzolek LD, Sylvester AJ, Bossone C, et al. Microarray analysis of mouse ear tissue exposed to bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfde: gene expression pro-fles correlate with treatment efcacy and an established clinical endpoint.J Pharmacol Exp Ter 2006; 317(1):76-87. Epub 2005 Dec 23.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp ter , vol.317 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-87
    • Dillman, J.F.1    Hege, A.I.2    Phillips, C.S.3    Orzolek, L.D.4    Sylvester, A.J.5    Bossone, C.6
  • 80
    • 36248998154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of topical iodine and silver sulfadiazine as therapies against sulfur mustard burns in a pig model
    • Margulis A, Chaouat M, Ben-Bassat H, Eldad A, Icekson M,Breiterman S, Neuman R. Comparison of topical iodine and silver sulfadiazine as therapies against sulfur mustard burns in a pig model. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15(6):916-921.
    • (2007) Wound Repair Regen , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 916-921
    • Margulis, A.1    Chaouat, M.2    Ben-Bassat, H.3    Eldad, A.4    Icekson, M.5    Breiterman, S.6    Neuman, R.7
  • 81
    • 78049377707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous challenge with chemical warfare agents in the SKH-1 hairless mouse. (II) Efects of some currently used skin decontaminants (RSDL and Fulleras earth) against liquid sulphur mustard and VX exposures
    • Jun 9
    • Taysse L, Dorandeu F, Daulon S, Foquin A, Perrier N, Lallement G, et al. Cutaneous challenge with chemical warfare agents in the SKH-1 hairless mouse. (II) Efects of some currently used skin decontaminants (RSDL and Fulleras earth) against liquid sulphur mustard and VX exposures. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Jun 9.
    • (2010) Hum Exp Toxicol
    • Taysse, L.1    Dorandeu, F.2    Daulon, S.3    Foquin, A.4    Perrier, N.5    Lallement, G.6
  • 82
    • 2442713820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protective efect of topical iodine containing anti-infammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced skin lesions
    • Wormser U, Sintov A, Brodsky B, Casillas RP, Nyska A. A protective efect of topical iodine containing anti-infammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced skin lesions. Arch Toxicol 2004; 78(3):156-166.
    • (2004) Arch Toxicol , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 156-166
    • Wormser, U.1    Sintov, A.2    Brodsky, B.3    Casillas, R.P.4    Nyska, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.