메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 220-226

Effects of simvastatin on cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer disease biomarkers

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; biomarker; cholesterol; simvastatin

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN A4; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LATHOSTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SIMVASTATIN; TAU PROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

EID: 77956411745     PISSN: 08930341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181d61fea     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (61)
  • 2
    • 0042023711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease in the US population. Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
    • Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, et al. Alzheimer disease in the US population. Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1119-1122.
    • Arch Neurol. , vol.2003 , Issue.60 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3
  • 3
    • 12444340438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypercholesterolemia is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology
    • Pappolla MA, Bryant-Thomas TK, Herbert D, et al. Mild hypercholesterolemia is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology. Neurology. 2003;61: 199-205.
    • (2003) Neurology. , vol.61 , pp. 199-205
    • Pappolla, M.A.1    Bryant-Thomas, T.K.2    Herbert, D.3
  • 4
    • 33947500485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol changes after midlife and late-life cognition: Twenty-one-year follow-up study
    • Solomon A, Kareholt I, Ngandu T, et al. Serum cholesterol changes after midlife and late-life cognition: twenty-one-year follow-up study. Neurology. 2007;68:751-756.
    • (2007) Neurology. , vol.68 , pp. 751-756
    • Solomon, A.1    Kareholt, I.2    Ngandu, T.3
  • 5
    • 0033833354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer s amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model
    • Refolo LM, Pappolla MA, Malester B, et al. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer s amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Dis. 2000;7:321-331.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 321-331
    • Refolo, L.M.1    Pappolla, M.A.2    Malester, B.3
  • 6
    • 0035160066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cholesterollowering drug reduces b-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer s disease
    • Refolo LM, Pappolla MA, LaFrancois J, et al. A cholesterollowering drug reduces b-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2001;8: 890-899.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 890-899
    • Refolo, L.M.1    Pappolla, M.A.2    Lafrancois, J.3
  • 7
    • 0035826909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the a-secretase ADAM10
    • Kojro E GG, Lammich S, März W, et al. Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the a-secretase ADAM10. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2001;98:5815-5820.
    • (2001) Proc Nat Acad Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 5815-5820
    • Kojro, E.G.G.1    Lammich, S.2    März, W.3
  • 8
    • 0001504829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer s disease b-amyloid peptides Ab42 and Ab40 in vitro and in vivo
    • Fassbender K, Simons M, Bergmann C, et al. Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer s disease b-amyloid peptides Ab42 and Ab40 in vitro and in vivo. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2001;98:5856-5861.
    • (2001) Proc Nat Acad Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 5856-5861
    • Fassbender, K.1    Simons, M.2    Bergmann, C.3
  • 9
    • 4143063543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin-induced activation of Alzheimer s a secretase is resistant to standard inhibitors of protein phosphorylation-regulated ectodomain shedding
    • Parvathy S, Ehrlich M, Pedrini S, et al. Atorvastatin-induced activation of Alzheimer s a secretase is resistant to standard inhibitors of protein phosphorylation-regulated ectodomain shedding. J Neurochem. 2004;90:1005-1010.
    • (2004) J Neurochem. , vol.90 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Parvathy, S.1    Ehrlich, M.2    Pedrini, S.3
  • 10
    • 26644442350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of statin-mediated inhibition of small G-protein function
    • Cordle A, Koenigsknecht-Talboo J, Wilkinson B, et al. Mechanisms of statin-mediated inhibition of small G-protein function. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:34202-34209.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 34202-34209
    • Cordle, A.1    Koenigsknecht-Talboo, J.2    Wilkinson, B.3
  • 11
    • 12144261198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors attenuate b-amyloid-induced microglial inflammatory responses
    • Cordle A, Landreth G. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors attenuate b-amyloid-induced microglial inflammatory responses. J Neurosci. 2005;25:299-307.
    • (2005) J Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 299-307
    • Cordle, A.1    Landreth, G.2
  • 12
    • 9144236957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of geranylgenarylation mediates the effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)- CoA reductase inhibitors on microglia
    • Bi X, Baudry M, Liu J, et al. Inhibition of geranylgenarylation mediates the effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)- CoA reductase inhibitors on microglia. J Biol Chem. 2004;279: 48238-48245.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 48238-48245
    • Bi, X.1    Baudry, M.2    Liu, J.3
  • 13
    • 21444445440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins cause intracellular accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, b-secretase-cleaved fragments, and amyloid b-peptide via an isoprenoid-dependent mechanism
    • Cole SL, Grudzien A,Manhart IO, et al. Statins cause intracellular accumulation of amyloid precursor protein, b-secretase-cleaved fragments, and amyloid b-peptide via an isoprenoid-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:18755-18770.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 18755-18770
    • Cole, S.L.1    Grudzien Amanhart, I.O.2
  • 14
    • 34848835187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins reduce amyloid-b production through inhibition of protein isoprenylation
    • Ostrowski SM, Wilkinson BL, Golde TE, et al. Statins reduce amyloid-b production through inhibition of protein isoprenylation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:26832-26844.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 26832-26844
    • Ostrowski, S.M.1    Wilkinson, B.L.2    Golde, T.E.3
  • 15
    • 33846048569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin enhances learning and memory independent of amyloid load in mice
    • Li L, Cao D, Kim H, et al. Simvastatin enhances learning and memory independent of amyloid load in mice. Ann Neurol. 2006;60:729-739.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 729-739
    • Li, L.1    Cao, D.2    Kim, H.3
  • 16
    • 0033772113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
    • Wolozin B, KellmanW, Ruosseau P, et al. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch Neurol. 2000;57: 1439-1443.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 1439-1443
    • Wolozin, B.1    Kellmanw Ruosseau, P.2
  • 17
    • 0034638746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and the risk of dementia
    • Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS, et al. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet. 2000;356:1627-1631.
    • (2000) Lancet. , vol.356 , pp. 1627-1631
    • Jick, H.1    Zornberg, G.L.2    Jick, S.S.3
  • 18
    • 0036842773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of lipidlowering drugs in older adults with and without dementia: A community-based epidemiological study
    • Rodriguez EG, Dodge HH, Birzescu MA, et al. Use of lipidlowering drugs in older adults with and without dementia: a community-based epidemiological study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1852-1856.
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.50 , pp. 1852-1856
    • Rodriguez, E.G.1    Dodge, H.H.2    Birzescu, M.A.3
  • 19
    • 0036305918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the use of statins on the prevalence of dementia and the progression of cognitive impairment
    • Hajjar I, Schumpert J, Hirth V, et al. The impact of the use of statins on the prevalence of dementia and the progression of cognitive impairment. J Gerontol Med Sci. 2002;57A: M414-M418.
    • (2002) J Gerontol Med Sci. , vol.57 A
    • Hajjar, I.1    Schumpert, J.2    Hirth, V.3
  • 20
    • 0036126850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of lipidlowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people
    • Rockwood K, Kirkland S, Hogan DB, et al. Use of lipidlowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Arch Neurol. 2002;59: 223-227.
    • (2002) Arch Neurol. , vol.59 , pp. 223-227
    • Rockwood, K.1    Kirkland, S.2    Hogan, D.B.3
  • 21
    • 0942278990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between statin use and Alzheimer s disease
    • Zamrini E, McGwin G, Roseman JM. Association between statin use and Alzheimer s disease. Neuroepidemiology. 2004; 23:94-98.
    • (2004) Neuroepidemiology. , vol.23 , pp. 94-98
    • Zamrini, E.1    McGwin, G.2    Roseman, J.M.3
  • 22
    • 18144419392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE genotype, cholesterol level, lipid-lowering treatment, and dementia. The Three- City Study
    • Dufuoil C, Richard F, Fiévet N, et al. APOE genotype, cholesterol level, lipid-lowering treatment, and dementia. The Three- City Study. Neurology. 2005;64:1531-1538.
    • (2005) Neurology. , vol.64 , pp. 1531-1538
    • Dufuoil, C.1    Richard, F.2    Fiévet, N.3
  • 23
    • 8644239495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly. A community-based prospective cohort study
    • Li G, Higdon R, Kukull WA, et al. Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly. A community-based prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2004;63:1624-1628.
    • (2004) Neurology. , vol.63 , pp. 1624-1628
    • Li, G.1    Higdon, R.2    Kukull, W.A.3
  • 24
    • 22844431778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin use and the risk of incident dementia. The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Rea TD, Breitner JC, Psaty BM, et al. Statin use and the risk of incident dementia. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:1047-1051.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 1047-1051
    • Rea, T.D.1    Breitner, J.C.2    Psaty, B.M.3
  • 25
    • 13244295723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? the Cache County Study
    • Zandi PP, Sparks DL, Kachaturian AS, et al. Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? The Cache County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:217-224.
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry. , vol.62 , pp. 217-224
    • Zandi, P.P.1    Sparks, D.L.2    Kachaturian, A.S.3
  • 26
    • 43249094747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins, incident Alzheimer disease, change in cognitive function, and neuropathology
    • Arvanitakis Z, Schneider JA, Wilson RS, et al. Statins, incident Alzheimer disease, change in cognitive function, and neuropathology. Neurology. 2008;70:1795-1802.
    • (2008) Neurology. , vol.70 , pp. 1795-1802
    • Arvanitakis, Z.1    Schneider, J.A.2    Wilson, R.S.3
  • 27
    • 33847389770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of dementia or Alzheimer s disease by statins: A metaanalysis
    • Zhou B, Teramukai S, Fukushima M. Prevention and treatment of dementia or Alzheimer s disease by statins: a metaanalysis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2007;23:194-201.
    • (2007) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. , vol.23 , pp. 194-201
    • Zhou, B.1    Teramukai, S.2    Fukushima, M.3
  • 28
    • 0036186663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lipoproteins levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women
    • Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, et al. Serum lipoproteins levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:378-384.
    • (2002) Arch Neurol. , vol.59 , pp. 378-384
    • Yaffe, K.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Lin, F.3
  • 29
    • 67649252917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study
    • Cramer C, Haan MN, Galea S, et al. Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology. 2008;71:344-350.
    • (2008) Neurology. , vol.71 , pp. 344-350
    • Cramer, C.1    Haan, M.N.2    Galea, S.3
  • 30
    • 58249089520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study
    • Haag MDM, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2009;80:13-17.
    • (2009) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.80 , pp. 13-17
    • Mdm, H.1    Hofman, A.2    Koudstaal, P.J.3
  • 31
    • 34548291482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease
    • Li G, Larson EB, Sonnen JA, et al. Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2007;69:878-885.
    • (2007) Neurology. , vol.69 , pp. 878-885
    • Li, G.1    Larson, E.B.2    Sonnen, J.A.3
  • 32
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebocontrolled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet. , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 33
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
    • PROSPER study group
    • Sheperd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al, on behalf of the PROSPER study group. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:1623-1630.
    • (2002) Lancet. , vol.360 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Sheperd, J.1    Blauw, G.J.2    Murphy, M.B.3
  • 34
    • 20844440894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Preliminary results
    • Sparks DL, Sabbagh MN, Connor DJ, et al. Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Preliminary results. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:753-757.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 753-757
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Sabbagh, M.N.2    Connor, D.J.3
  • 35
    • 33745739157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein e genotype, and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer s disease: Results of the Alzheimer s Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCTL) Trial
    • Sparks DL, Connor DJ, Sabbagh MN, et al. Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein E genotype, and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer s disease: results of the Alzheimer s Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCTL) Trial. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;114(suppl 185):3-7.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.114 , Issue.SUPPL. 185 , pp. 3-7
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Connor, D.J.2    Sabbagh, M.N.3
  • 36
    • 28144446883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid lowering agents are associated with a lower cognitive decline in Alzheimer s disease
    • Masse I, Bordet R, Deplanque D, et al. Lipid lowering agents are associated with a lower cognitive decline in Alzheimer s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2005;76:1624-1629.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.76 , pp. 1624-1629
    • Masse, I.1    Bordet, R.2    Deplanque, D.3
  • 37
    • 33847701675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of commonly prescribed drugs in patients with Alzheimer s disease on the rate of deterioration
    • Ellul J, Archer N, Foy CML, et al. The effects of commonly prescribed drugs in patients with Alzheimer s disease on the rate of deterioration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2007;78: 233-239.
    • (2007) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.78 , pp. 233-239
    • Ellul, J.1    Archer, N.2    Cml, F.3
  • 38
    • 0037388527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol by statin treatment in patients with Alzheimer Disease
    • Vega GL, Weiner MF, Lipton AM, et al. Reduction in levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol by statin treatment in patients with Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:510-515.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 510-515
    • Vega, G.L.1    Weiner, M.F.2    Lipton, A.M.3
  • 39
    • 0035071528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of amyloid b proteins did not differ between subjects taking statins and those not taking statins
    • Tokuda T, Tamaoka A, Matsuno S, et al. Plasma levels of amyloid b proteins did not differ between subjects taking statins and those not taking statins. Ann Neurol. 2001;49: 546-547.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 546-547
    • Tokuda, T.1    Tamaoka, A.2    Matsuno, S.3
  • 40
    • 0036714243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer s disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial
    • Simons M, Schwärzler F, Lütjohann D, et al. Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer s disease: a 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:346-350.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol. , vol.52 , pp. 346-350
    • Simons, M.1    Schwärzler, F.2    Et Al., L.D.3
  • 41
    • 0037159224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of simvastatin on human cerebral cholesterol metabolism and secretion of Alzheimer amyloid peptide
    • Fassbender K, Stroick M, Bertsch T, et al. Effects of simvastatin on human cerebral cholesterol metabolism and secretion of Alzheimer amyloid peptide. Neurology. 2002;59: 1257-1258.
    • (2002) Neurology. , vol.59 , pp. 1257-1258
    • Fassbender, K.1    Stroick, M.2    Bertsch, T.3
  • 42
    • 0141783612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin at 10 mg/ day does not decrease plasma levels of either amyloid-b (Ab) 40 or Ab 42 in humans
    • Ishii K, Tokuda T, Matsushima T, et al. Pravastatin at 10 mg/ day does not decrease plasma levels of either amyloid-b (Ab) 40 or Ab 42 in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2003;350:161-164.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett. , vol.350 , pp. 161-164
    • Ishii, K.1    Tokuda, T.2    Matsushima, T.3
  • 43
    • 0037262480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with simvastatin in patients with Alzheimer s disease lowers both a- and b-cleaved amyloid precursor protein
    • Sjögren M, Gustafsson K, Syversen S, et al. Treatment with simvastatin in patients with Alzheimer s disease lowers both a- and b-cleaved amyloid precursor protein. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2003;16:25-30.
    • (2003) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. , vol.16 , pp. 25-30
    • Sjögren, M.G.1
  • 44
    • 12144290725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of b-amyloid(1-40), b-amyloid(1-42), and total b-amyloid remain unaffected in adult patients with hypercholesterolemia after treatment with statins
    • Höglund K, Wiklund O, Vanderstichele H, et al Plasma levels of b-amyloid(1-40), b-amyloid(1-42), and total b-amyloid remain unaffected in adult patients with hypercholesterolemia after treatment with statins. Arch Neurol. 2004; 61 333-337.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 333-337
    • Höglund, K.W.1
  • 45
    • 20844457621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of simvastatin treatment on the amyloid precursor protein and brain cholesterol metabolism in patients with Alzheimer s disease
    • Höglund K, Thelen KM, Syversen S, et al. The effect of simvastatin treatment on the amyloid precursor protein and brain cholesterol metabolism in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;19:256-265.
    • (2005) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. , vol.19 , pp. 256-265
    • Höglund, K.T.1
  • 46
    • 23744516018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin treatment and a disease specific pattern of b-amyloid peptides in Alzheimer s disease
    • Höglund K, Syversen S, Lewezuk P, et al. Statin treatment and a disease specific pattern of b-amyloid peptides in Alzheimer s disease. Exp Brain Res. 2005;164:205-214.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res. , vol.164 , pp. 205-214
    • Höglund, K.S.1
  • 47
    • 36148929339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins differentially affect amyloid precursor protein metabolism in presymptomatic PS1 and non-PS1 subjects
    • Hinerfeld DA, Moonis M, Swearer JM, et al. Statins differentially affect amyloid precursor protein metabolism in presymptomatic PS1 and non-PS1 subjects. Arch Neurol. 2007;64: 1672-1673.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 1672-1673
    • Hinerfeld, D.A.1    Moonis, M.2    Swearer, J.M.3
  • 48
    • 44849101912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of simvastatin on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in middleaged adults at risk for Alzheimer s disease
    • Carlsson CM, Gleason CE, Hess TM, et al. Effects of simvastatin on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in middleaged adults at risk for Alzheimer s disease. J Alzh Dis. 2008;13: 187-197.
    • (2008) J Alzh Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 187-197
    • Carlsson, C.M.1    Gleason, C.E.2    Hess, T.M.3
  • 49
    • 0036128358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol) levels using high-dosage simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Evidence that simvastatin affects cholesterol metabolism in the human brain
    • Locatelli S, Lütjohann D, Schmidt HHJ, et al. Reduction of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol) levels using high-dosage simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Evidence that simvastatin affects cholesterol metabolism in the human brain. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:213-216.
    • (2002) Arch Neurol. , vol.59 , pp. 213-216
    • Locatelli, S.1    Lütjohann, D.2    Hhj, S.3
  • 50
    • 35348837212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma 24S hydroxycholesterol response to statins in Alzheimer s disease patients: Effects of gender, CYP46, and ApoE polymorphisms
    • Vega GL, Weiner MF. Plasma 24S hydroxycholesterol response to statins in Alzheimer s disease patients: effects of gender, CYP46, and ApoE polymorphisms. J Mol Neurosci. 2007; 33:51-55.
    • (2007) J Mol Neurosci. , vol.33 , pp. 51-55
    • Vega, G.L.1    Weiner, M.F.2
  • 51
    • 33847006236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of statins on Alzheimer s disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Riekse RG, Li G, Petrie EC, et al. Effect of statins on Alzheimer s disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. J Alzh Dis. 2006;10:399-406.
    • (2006) J Alzh Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 399-406
    • Riekse, R.G.1    Li, G.2    Petrie, E.C.3
  • 52
    • 0034956750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with controlled-released lovastatin decreases serum concentrations of human b-amyloid (Ab) peptide
    • Friedhoff LT, Cullen EI, Geoghagen NS, et al. Treatment with controlled-released lovastatin decreases serum concentrations of human b-amyloid (Ab) peptide. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001;4:127-130.
    • (2001) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 127-130
    • Friedhoff, L.T.1    Cullen, E.I.2    Geoghagen, N.S.3
  • 53
    • 0030953045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of HMGCoA reductase inhibitors. Similarities and differences
    • Lennernas H, Fager G. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of HMGCoA reductase inhibitors. Similarities and differences. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997;32:403-425.
    • (1997) Clin Pharmacokinet. , vol.32 , pp. 403-425
    • Lennernas, H.1    Fager, G.2
  • 54
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer s Disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer s Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939-944.
    • (1984) Neurology. , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3
  • 55
    • 4544335597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
    • Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med. 2004;256:183-194.
    • (2004) J Intern Med. , vol.256 , pp. 183-194
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 56
    • 0027425211 scopus 로고
    • The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules
    • Morris JC. The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993;43:2412-2414.
    • (1993) Neurology. , vol.43 , pp. 2412-2414
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 57
    • 33947507128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of CSF amyloid-b levels. Implications for a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker
    • Bateman RJ, Wen G, Morris JC, et al. Fluctuations of CSF amyloid-b levels. Implications for a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Neurology. 2007;68:666-669.
    • (2007) Neurology. , vol.68 , pp. 666-669
    • Bateman, R.J.1    Wen, G.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 58
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res. , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 59
    • 0014313861 scopus 로고
    • The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects
    • Blessed G, Tomlinson B, Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatr. 1968; 114:797-811.
    • (1968) Br J Psychiatr. , vol.114 , pp. 797-811
    • Blessed, G.1    Tomlinson, B.2    Roth, M.3
  • 60
    • 33745756094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol metabolism in the brain: Importance of 24S-hydroxylation
    • Lütjohann D. Cholesterol metabolism in the brain: importance of 24S-hydroxylation. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;185(suppl):33-42.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.185 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 33-42
    • Lütjohann, D.1
  • 61
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet. , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.