Living up to expectations: The strengths and challenges experienced by Chinese Canadian students

Canadian Journal of School Psychology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 223-245

  Costigan, Catherine L ^a   Hua, Josephine M ^a   Su, Tina F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Achievement; Chinese Canadian; Model minority stereotype; Parental expectations

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955299574     PISSN: 08295735     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0829573510368941     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Abada, T., & Tenkorang, E.Y. (2009). Pursuit of university education among the children of immigrants in Canada: The roles of parental human capital and social capital. Journal of Youth Studies, 12, 185-207.
2. Anisef, P., & Kilbride, K.M. (2000). The needs of newcomer youth and emerging best practices to meet those needs-Final report. Retrieved on April 19, 2007, from http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/other/anisef1.html.
3. Beiser, M., Ogilvie, L., Rummens, J.A., Armstrong, R., & Oxman-Martinez, J. (2005, spring). The New Canadian Children and Youth Study: Research to fill a gap in Canada's agenda. Canadian Issues, 21-24.
4. Benner, A.D., & Kim, S.Y. (2009). Experiences of discrimination among Chinese American adolescents and the consequences for socioemotional and academic development. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1682-1694.
5. Berry, J.W., Westin, C., Virta, E., Vedder, P., Rooney, R., & Sang, D. (2006). Design of the study: Selecting societies of settlement and immigrant groups. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam, & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 15-46). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6. Brown, R.S., & Sinay, E. (2008). 2006 student census: Linking demographic data with student achievement (Board Rep. No. 07/08-06). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Toronto District School Board.
7. Burnaby, B., James, C., & Regier, S. (2000). The role of education in integrating diversity in the Greater Toronto Area from the 1960s to the 1990s: A preliminary report. Retrieved on July 16, 2008, from http://ceris.metropolis.net/frameset_e.html.
8. Canadian Council on Social Development. (2000). Immigrant youth in Canada: A research report from the Canadian Council on Social Development. Retrieved on November 6, 2008, from http://www.ccsd.ca/pubs/2000/iy/index.htm.
9. Chao, R.K. (1996). Chinese and European American mothers' beliefs about the role of parenting in children's school success. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 403-424.
10. Chow, H.P.H. (2004). Heritage language learning and ethnic identity maintenance: A case study of the Chinese-Canadian adolescents. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from http://ceris.metropolis.net.
11. Citizenship & Immigration Canada. (2001). Immigration results and targets. Retrieved May 11, 2003, from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/index.asp.
12. Cole, E. (1998). Immigrant and refugee children: Challenges and opportunities for education and mental health services. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 14, 36-50.
13. Community Social Planning Council of Toronto. (2005). Renewing Toronto's ESL programs: Charting a course towards more effective ESL program delivery. Retrieved July 18, 2008, from http://www.socialplanningtoronto.org/CSPC-T%20Reports/ESL%20Programs.pdf.
14. Corwyn, R.F., & Bradley, R.H. (2008). The panethnic Asian label and predictors of eighth-grade student achievement. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 90-106.
15. Costigan, C.L., Dokis, D.P., Hua, J.M., Koryzma, C., & Chance, L. (2008, March). Ethnic identity, behavioral acculturation, and academic adjustment among Chinese children in Canada. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, Chicago, IL.
16. Costigan, C.L., Koryzma, C.M., Hua, J.M., & Chance, L.J. (April, 2010). Ethnic identity, achievement, and psychological adjustment: Examining risk and among youth from immigrant Chinese families in Canada. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology.
17. Costigan, C.L., Su, T.F., & Hua, J.M. (2009). Ethnic identity among Chinese Canadian youth: A review of the Canadian literature. Canadian Psychology, 50, 261-272.
18. Dyson, L.L. (2001). Home-school communication and expectations of recent Chinese immigrants. Canadian Journal of Education, 26, 455-476.
19. Eng, S., Kanitkar, K., Cleveland, H.H., Herbert, R., Fischer, J., & Wiersma, J.D. (2008). School achievement differences among Chinese and Filipino American students: Acculturation and the family. Educational Psychology, 28, 535-550.
20. Flook, L., & Fuligni, A.J. (2008). Family and school spillover in adolescents' daily lives. Child Development, 79, 776-787.
21. Fuligni, A.J. (1997). The academic achievement of adolescents from immigrant families: The roles of family background, attitudes, and behavior. Child Development, 68, 351-363.
22. Fuligni, A.J., Witkow, M., & Garcia, C. (2005). Ethnic identity and the academic adjustment of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 41, 799-811.
23. Gonzalez-DeHass, A.R., Willems, P.P., & Holbein, M.F.D. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 99-123.
24. Hardway, C., & Fuligni, A.J. (2006). Dimensions of family connectedness among adolescents with Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1246-1258.
25. Jordan, J.J., Hindes, Y.L., & Saklofske, D.H. (2009). School psychology in Canada: A survey of roles and functions, challenges and aspirations. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 24, 245-264.
26. Kilbride, K.M. (2000). A review of the literature on the human, social, and cultural capital of immigrant children and their families with implications for teacher education. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/education/Kilbride2/kilbride2.html.
27. Kwak, K. (2003). Adolescents and their parents: A review of intergenerational family relations for immigrant and non-immigrant families. Human Development, 46, 115-136.
28. Lai, Y., & Ishiyama, F.I. (2004). Involvement of immigrant Chinese Canadian mothers of children with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 71, 97-108.
29. Lee, S.J. (1994). Behind the model-minority stereotype: Voices of high- and low-achieving Asian American students. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 25, 413-429.
30. Li, G. (2003). Literacy, culture, and politics of schooling: Counternarratives of a Chinese Canadian family. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34, 182-204.
31. Li., G. (2004). Perspectives on struggling English language learners: Case studies of two Chinese-Canadian children. Journal of Literacy Research, 36, 31-72.
32. Li, J. (2001). Expectations of Chinese immigrant parents for their children's education: The interplay of Chinese tradition and the Canadian context. Canadian Journal of Education, 26, 477-494.
33. Li, J. (2004). Parental expectations of Chinese immigrants: A folk theory about children's school achievement. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 7, 167-183.
34. Li, J. (2009). Forging the future between two different worlds: Recent Chinese immigrant adolescents tell their cross-cultural experiences. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24, 477-504.
35. Li, J., Holloway, S.D., Bempechat, J., & Loh, E. (2008). Building and using a social network: Nurture for low-income Chinese American adolescents' learning. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 121, 9-25.
36. Liu, L.L., Benner, A.D., Lau, A.S., & Kim, S.Y. (2009). Mother-adolescent language proficiency and adolescent academic and emotional adjustment among Chinese American families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 572-586.
37. Ma, X. (2002). The first ten years in Canada: A multi-level assessment of behavioural and emotional problems of immigrant children. Canadian Public Policy, 28, 395-418.
38. Maxwell, L.A. (2007). The other gap. Education Week, 26, 26-29.
39. Ng, F.F.-Y., Pomerantz, E.M., & Lam, S. (2007). European American and Chinese parents' responses to children's success and failure: Implications for Children's responses. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1239-1255.
40. Okagaki, L. (2001). Triarchic model of minority children's school achievement. Educational Psychologist, 36, 9-20.
41. Ontario Ministry of Education. (2010). Encouraging parent involvement in schools. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/abc123.
42. Phinney, J.S. (2003). Ethnic identity and acculturation. In K. M. Chun, & P. B. Organista (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 63-81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
43. Qin, D.B. (2008). Doing well vs. feeling well: Understanding family dynamics and the psychological adjustment of Chinese immigrant adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 22-35.
44. Qin, D.B., Way, N., & Mukherjee, P. (2008). The other side of the model minority story: The familial and peer challenges faced by Chinese American adolescents. Youth & Society, 39, 480-506.
45. Qin, D.B., Way, N., & Rana, M. (2008). The model minority and their discontent: Examining peer discrimination and harassment of Chinese American immigrant youth. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 121, 27-42.
46. Samuel, E., Krugly-Smolska, E., & Warren W. (2001). Academic achievement of adolescents from selected ethnocultural groups in Canada: A study consistent with John Ogbu's theory. McGill Journal of Education, 36, 61-73.
47. Simons-Morton, B.G., & Crump, A.D. (2003). Association of parental involvement and social comptetence with school adjustment and engagement among sixth graders. Journal of School Health, 73, 121-126.
48. Steele, C.M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape the intellectual identities and performance of women and African-Americans. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
49. Steele, C.M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
50. Suárez-Orozco, M.M. (2001). Globalization, immigration, and education: The research agenda. Harvard Educational Review, 71, 345-365.
51. Telzer, E.H., & Fuligni, A.J. (2009). A longitudinal daily diary study of family assistance and academic achievement among adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 560-571.
52. Toronto District School Board. (2010). Fact sheet. Retrieved February 19, 2010, from http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=308&menuid=4721&pageid=4131.
53. Wang, S., & Lo, L. (2004). Chinese immigrants in Canada: Their changing composition and economic performance. International Migration, 43(3), 35-71. Retrieved January 31, 2005, from http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/frameset_e.html.
54. Xu, S., Connelly, F.M., He, M.F., & Phillion, J. (2007). Immigrant students' experience of schooling: A narrative inquiry theoretical framework. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 39, 399-422.
55. Yang, W. (2007). Gifted or not, parental perceptions are the same: A study of Chinese American parental perceptions of their children's academic achievement and home environment. Diaspora, Indigenous and Minority Education, 1, 217-242.
56. Zhou, Z., Peverly, S.T., Xin, T., Huang, A., & Wang, W. (2003). School adjustment of first generation Chinese- American adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 71-84.
57. Zhou, Z., Siu, C.R., & Xin, T. (2009). Promoting cultural competence in counseling Asian American children and adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 46, 290-298.