메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 567-579

Reactive γ-ketoaldehydes formed via the isoprostane pathway disrupt mitochondrial respiration and calcium homeostasis

Author keywords

Ketoaldehydes; High resolution mass spectrometry; Lipid peroxidation; Mitochondrial permeability transition; Oxidative modification of cytochrome c; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM ION; CYTOCHROME C; ISOPROSTANE; LYSINE; PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE; ZINC ION;

EID: 77954562980     PISSN: 08915849     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.037     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0031693176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and biogenic aldehydes: from the identification of 4-hydroxynonenal to further achievements in biopathology
    • Comporti M. Lipid peroxidation and biogenic aldehydes: from the identification of 4-hydroxynonenal to further achievements in biopathology. Free Radic. Res. 1998, 28:623-635.
    • (1998) Free Radic. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 623-635
    • Comporti, M.1
  • 4
    • 33846402378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation
    • Korantzopoulos P., Kolettis T.M., Galaris D., Goudevenos J.A. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. 2007, 115:135-143.
    • (2007) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.115 , pp. 135-143
    • Korantzopoulos, P.1    Kolettis, T.M.2    Galaris, D.3    Goudevenos, J.A.4
  • 6
    • 0036889545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: role of aldose reductase
    • Srivastava S., Chandrasekar B., Bhatnagar A., Prabhu S. Lipid-peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: role of aldose reductase. Am. J. Physiol. 2002, 283:H2612-H2619.
    • (2002) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.283
    • Srivastava, S.1    Chandrasekar, B.2    Bhatnagar, A.3    Prabhu, S.4
  • 7
    • 0029125857 scopus 로고
    • Aging, energy and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
    • Beal M.F. Aging, energy and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann. Neurol. 1995, 38:357-366.
    • (1995) Ann. Neurol. , vol.38 , pp. 357-366
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 9
    • 0035112495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and is toxic to primary hippocampal cultures
    • Lovell M.A., Xie C., Markesbery W.R. Acrolein is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and is toxic to primary hippocampal cultures. Neurobiol. Aging 2001, 22:187-194.
    • (2001) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.22 , pp. 187-194
    • Lovell, M.A.1    Xie, C.2    Markesbery, W.R.3
  • 10
    • 0030920387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, rapidly accumulates following traumatic spinal cord injury and inhibits glutamate uptake
    • Springer J.E., Azbill R.D., Mark R.J., Begley J.G., Waeg G., Mattson M.P. 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, rapidly accumulates following traumatic spinal cord injury and inhibits glutamate uptake. J. Neurochem. 1997, 68:2469-2476.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 2469-2476
    • Springer, J.E.1    Azbill, R.D.2    Mark, R.J.3    Begley, J.G.4    Waeg, G.5    Mattson, M.P.6
  • 11
    • 21144451431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of acrolein-protein adducts after trauatic spinal cord injury
    • Luo J., Uchida K., Shi R. Accumulation of acrolein-protein adducts after trauatic spinal cord injury. Neurochem. Res. 2005, 30:291-295.
    • (2005) Neurochem. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 291-295
    • Luo, J.1    Uchida, K.2    Shi, R.3
  • 12
    • 0025572704 scopus 로고
    • A series of prostaglandin-like compounds produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase free radical catalyzed mechanism
    • Morrow J.D., Hill K.E., Burk R.F., Nammour T.M., Bard K.F., Roberts L.J. A series of prostaglandin-like compounds produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase free radical catalyzed mechanism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1990, 87:9383-9387.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.87 , pp. 9383-9387
    • Morrow, J.D.1    Hill, K.E.2    Burk, R.F.3    Nammour, T.M.4    Bard, K.F.5    Roberts, L.J.6
  • 13
    • 0033531929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of extremely reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes (isolevuglandines) as products of the isoprostane pathway and characterization of their lysyl protein adducts
    • Brame C.J., Salomon R.G., Morrow J.D., Roberts L.J. Identification of extremely reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes (isolevuglandines) as products of the isoprostane pathway and characterization of their lysyl protein adducts. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:13139-13146.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 13139-13146
    • Brame, C.J.1    Salomon, R.G.2    Morrow, J.D.3    Roberts, L.J.4
  • 14
    • 0842281593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoketals highly reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes formed from the H2-isoprostane pathway
    • Davies S., Amarnath V., Roberts L.J. Isoketals highly reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes formed from the H2-isoprostane pathway. Chem. Phys. Lipids 2004, 128:85-99.
    • (2004) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.128 , pp. 85-99
    • Davies, S.1    Amarnath, V.2    Roberts, L.J.3
  • 16
    • 38449092335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress by quantification of isoketals/levuglandine γ-ketoaldehyde protein adducts using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
    • Davies S.S., Amarnath V., Brame C.J., Boutaud O., Roberts L.J. Measurement of chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress by quantification of isoketals/levuglandine γ-ketoaldehyde protein adducts using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2:2079-2091.
    • (2007) Nat. Protoc. , vol.2 , pp. 2079-2091
    • Davies, S.S.1    Amarnath, V.2    Brame, C.J.3    Boutaud, O.4    Roberts, L.J.5
  • 17
    • 10044235066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprostanes: markers and mediators of oxidative stress
    • Montuschi P., Barnes P., Roberts L.J. Isoprostanes: markers and mediators of oxidative stress. FASEB J. 2004, 18:1791-1800.
    • (2004) FASEB J. , vol.18 , pp. 1791-1800
    • Montuschi, P.1    Barnes, P.2    Roberts, L.J.3
  • 18
    • 13244279737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans
    • Morrow J. Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2005, 25:279-286.
    • (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 279-286
    • Morrow, J.1
  • 19
    • 17844404829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid oxidation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    • Montine T.J., Morrow J.D. Fatty acid oxidation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Am. J. Pathol. 2005, 166:1283-1289.
    • (2005) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.166 , pp. 1283-1289
    • Montine, T.J.1    Morrow, J.D.2
  • 20
    • 1842791807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of proteins by isoketal-containing oxidized phospholipids
    • Brame C.J., Boutand O., Davies S.S., Yang T., Oates J.A., et al. Modification of proteins by isoketal-containing oxidized phospholipids. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:13447-13451.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 13447-13451
    • Brame, C.J.1    Boutand, O.2    Davies, S.S.3    Yang, T.4    Oates, J.A.5
  • 21
    • 0036583274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes formed by isoprostane pathway (isoketals) and cyclooxygenase pathway (levugandines) on proteosome function
    • Davies S.S., Amarnath V., Montine K.S., Bernoud-Huback N., Boutaud O., Montine T.J., Roberts L.J. Effect of reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes formed by isoprostane pathway (isoketals) and cyclooxygenase pathway (levugandines) on proteosome function. FASEB J. 2002, 16:715-717.
    • (2002) FASEB J. , vol.16 , pp. 715-717
    • Davies, S.S.1    Amarnath, V.2    Montine, K.S.3    Bernoud-Huback, N.4    Boutaud, O.5    Montine, T.J.6    Roberts, L.J.7
  • 22
    • 0029866196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal is a potent inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Kristal B.S., Park B.K., Yu B.P. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a potent inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:6033-6038.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 6033-6038
    • Kristal, B.S.1    Park, B.K.2    Yu, B.P.3
  • 23
    • 0032559880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine transmitter metabolite generates free radicals and activates mitochondrial permeability transition: a mechanism for DOPEGAL-induced apoptosis
    • Burke W.J., Kristal B.S., Yu B.P., Li S.W., Lin T.S. Norepinephrine transmitter metabolite generates free radicals and activates mitochondrial permeability transition: a mechanism for DOPEGAL-induced apoptosis. Brain Res. 1998, 787:328-332.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.787 , pp. 328-332
    • Burke, W.J.1    Kristal, B.S.2    Yu, B.P.3    Li, S.W.4    Lin, T.S.5
  • 25
    • 13844281067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The powerhouse takes control of the cell: is the mitochondrial permeability transition a viable therapeutical target against neuronal dysfunction and death
    • Stavrovskaya I.G., Kristal B.S. The powerhouse takes control of the cell: is the mitochondrial permeability transition a viable therapeutical target against neuronal dysfunction and death. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2005, 38:687-697.
    • (2005) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 687-697
    • Stavrovskaya, I.G.1    Kristal, B.S.2
  • 26
    • 34247549679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its involvement in cell death and in disease pathogenesis
    • Rasola A., Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its involvement in cell death and in disease pathogenesis. Apoptosis 2007, 12:815-833.
    • (2007) Apoptosis , vol.12 , pp. 815-833
    • Rasola, A.1    Bernardi, P.2
  • 27
    • 15844404722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry: a pore way to die
    • Halestrap A. Biochemistry: a pore way to die. Nature 2006, 434:578-579.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 578-579
    • Halestrap, A.1
  • 28
    • 33845977959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation in cell death
    • Kroemer G., Galluzzi L., Brenner C. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation in cell death. Physiol. Rev. 2007, 87:99-163.
    • (2007) Physiol. Rev. , vol.87 , pp. 99-163
    • Kroemer, G.1    Galluzzi, L.2    Brenner, C.3
  • 30
    • 0032905632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein-bound acrolein: a novel marker of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
    • Calingasan N.Y., Uchida K., Gibson G.E. Protein-bound acrolein: a novel marker of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 1999, 72:751-756.
    • (1999) J. Neurochem. , vol.72 , pp. 751-756
    • Calingasan, N.Y.1    Uchida, K.2    Gibson, G.E.3
  • 31
    • 33745132417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein is a mitochondrial toxin: effect on respiratory function and and enzyme activities in isolated rat liver mitochondria
    • Sun L., Luo C., Long J., Wei D., Liu J. Acrolein is a mitochondrial toxin: effect on respiratory function and and enzyme activities in isolated rat liver mitochondria. mitochondria 2006, 6:136-142.
    • (2006) mitochondria , vol.6 , pp. 136-142
    • Sun, L.1    Luo, C.2    Long, J.3    Wei, D.4    Liu, J.5
  • 32
    • 38949113159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein: sources, metabolism, biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease
    • Stevens J.F., Maier C.S. Acrolein: sources, metabolism, biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52:7-25.
    • (2008) Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , vol.52 , pp. 7-25
    • Stevens, J.F.1    Maier, C.S.2
  • 33
    • 70350126943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic lipid peroxidation species formed by ischemic stroke increase injury. Free Radic. Biol. Med.
    • Zeiger, S.L.H; Musiek, E.S., Zanoni, G.; Vidari, G., Morrow, J.D.; Milne, G.J.; McLaughlin, B. Neurotoxic lipid peroxidation species formed by ischemic stroke increase injury. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 47:1422-1431; 2009.
    • (2009) , vol.47 , pp. 1422-1431
    • Zeiger, S.L.H.1    Musiek, E.S.2    Zanoni, G.3    Vidari, G.4    Morrow, J.D.5    Milne, G.J.6    McLaughlin, B.7
  • 36
    • 0017740356 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical properies of subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria isolated from rat cardiac muscle
    • Palmer J.W., Tandler B., Hoppel C.L. Biochemical properies of subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria isolated from rat cardiac muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 1977, 252:8731-8739.
    • (1977) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.252 , pp. 8731-8739
    • Palmer, J.W.1    Tandler, B.2    Hoppel, C.L.3
  • 37
    • 0018338308 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria from mammalian brain
    • Lai J.C., Clark J.B. Preparation of synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria from mammalian brain. Meth. Enzymol. 1979, 55:51-60.
    • (1979) Meth. Enzymol. , vol.55 , pp. 51-60
    • Lai, J.C.1    Clark, J.B.2
  • 38
    • 21144444786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transglutaminase activity is present in highly purified nonsynaptosomal mouse brain and liver mitochondria
    • Krasnikov B.F., Kim S.Y., McConoughey S.J., Ryu H., Xu H., Stavrovskaya I.G., et al. Transglutaminase activity is present in highly purified nonsynaptosomal mouse brain and liver mitochondria. Biochem. J. 2005, 44:7830-7843.
    • (2005) Biochem. J. , vol.44 , pp. 7830-7843
    • Krasnikov, B.F.1    Kim, S.Y.2    McConoughey, S.J.3    Ryu, H.4    Xu, H.5    Stavrovskaya, I.G.6
  • 42
    • 0022492812 scopus 로고
    • Rhodamine 123 as aprobe of transmembrane potential in isolated rat- liver mitochondria: spectral and metabolic properties
    • Emaus R.K., Grunwald R., Lemasters J.J. Rhodamine 123 as aprobe of transmembrane potential in isolated rat- liver mitochondria: spectral and metabolic properties. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1986, 850:436-448.
    • (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.850 , pp. 436-448
    • Emaus, R.K.1    Grunwald, R.2    Lemasters, J.J.3
  • 43
    • 0034307759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial membrane potential and glutamate excititoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells
    • Ward M.W., Rego A.C., Frenguelli B.G., Nicholls D.G. Mitochondrial membrane potential and glutamate excititoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:7208-7219.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 7208-7219
    • Ward, M.W.1    Rego, A.C.2    Frenguelli, B.G.3    Nicholls, D.G.4
  • 44
    • 0032831667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium induced release of mitochondrial cytochrome c by different mechanisms selective for brain versus liver
    • Andreyev A., Fiskum G. Calcium induced release of mitochondrial cytochrome c by different mechanisms selective for brain versus liver. Cell Death Differ. 1999, 6:825-832.
    • (1999) Cell Death Differ. , vol.6 , pp. 825-832
    • Andreyev, A.1    Fiskum, G.2
  • 45
    • 0030800033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial permeability transition in the central nervous system: induction by calcium cycling-dependent and independent pathways
    • Kristal B.S., Dubinsky J.M. Mitochondrial permeability transition in the central nervous system: induction by calcium cycling-dependent and independent pathways. J. Neurochem. 1997, 69:524-538.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.69 , pp. 524-538
    • Kristal, B.S.1    Dubinsky, J.M.2
  • 46
    • 0034668844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of cyclosporin A inhibition of the permeability transition in CNS mitochondria
    • Brustovetsky N., Dubinsky J.M. Limitations of cyclosporin A inhibition of the permeability transition in CNS mitochondria. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:103-113.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 103-113
    • Brustovetsky, N.1    Dubinsky, J.M.2
  • 47
    • 0033672806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical characterization of the mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated forebrain mitochondria
    • Kristal B.S., Staats P.N., Shestopalov A.I. Biochemical characterization of the mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated forebrain mitochondria. Dev. Neurosci. 2000, 22:376-383.
    • (2000) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 376-383
    • Kristal, B.S.1    Staats, P.N.2    Shestopalov, A.I.3
  • 48
    • 3242768438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of cytochrome c by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: evidence for histidine, lysine, and arginine-aldehyde adducts
    • Isom A.L., Barnes S., Wilson L., Kirk M., Coward L., Darley-Usmar V. Modification of cytochrome c by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: evidence for histidine, lysine, and arginine-aldehyde adducts. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15:1136-1147.
    • (2004) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.15 , pp. 1136-1147
    • Isom, A.L.1    Barnes, S.2    Wilson, L.3    Kirk, M.4    Coward, L.5    Darley-Usmar, V.6
  • 50
    • 34548226964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zinc irreversibly damages major enzymes of energy production and antioxidant defense prior to mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Gazaryan I.G., Krasinskaya I.P., Kristal B.S., Brown A.M. Zinc irreversibly damages major enzymes of energy production and antioxidant defense prior to mitochondrial permeability transition. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:24373-24380.
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 24373-24380
    • Gazaryan, I.G.1    Krasinskaya, I.P.2    Kristal, B.S.3    Brown, A.M.4
  • 52
    • 0842303252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprostanes: an emerging role in vascular physiology and disease
    • Cracowsky J.-L. Isoprostanes: an emerging role in vascular physiology and disease. Chem. Phys. Lipids 2004, 128:75-83.
    • (2004) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.128 , pp. 75-83
    • Cracowsky, J.-L.1
  • 53
    • 33644665708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative mediated lipid peroxidation recapitulates proarrhytmic effects on cardiac sodium channels
    • Fukuda K., Davies S.S., Nakajima T., Ong B.H., Kupershmidt S., et al. Oxidative mediated lipid peroxidation recapitulates proarrhytmic effects on cardiac sodium channels. Circ. Res. 2005, 97:1262-1269.
    • (2005) Circ. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 1262-1269
    • Fukuda, K.1    Davies, S.S.2    Nakajima, T.3    Ong, B.H.4    Kupershmidt, S.5
  • 54
    • 0027508994 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the mitochondrial cyclosporin A-sensitive permeability transition pore
    • Petronilli V., Cola C., Bernardi P. Modulation of the mitochondrial cyclosporin A-sensitive permeability transition pore. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268:1011-1016.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Petronilli, V.1    Cola, C.2    Bernardi, P.3
  • 56
    • 0028239794 scopus 로고
    • The voltage sensor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is tuned by oxidation-reduction state of vicinal thiols. Increase of the gating potential by oxidants and its reversal by reducing agents
    • Petronilli V., Costantini P., Scorrano L., Colonna R., Passamonti S., Bernardi P. The voltage sensor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is tuned by oxidation-reduction state of vicinal thiols. Increase of the gating potential by oxidants and its reversal by reducing agents. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:16638-16643.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 16638-16643
    • Petronilli, V.1    Costantini, P.2    Scorrano, L.3    Colonna, R.4    Passamonti, S.5    Bernardi, P.6
  • 57
    • 0029863399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by pyridine mucleotides and dithiol oxidation at two separate sites
    • Constantini P., Chernyak B.V., Petronilli V., Bernardi P. Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by pyridine mucleotides and dithiol oxidation at two separate sites. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:6746-6751.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 6746-6751
    • Constantini, P.1    Chernyak, B.V.2    Petronilli, V.3    Bernardi, P.4
  • 61
    • 0025007598 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution three-demensional structure of horse heart cytochrome c
    • Bushnell G.W., Louie G.V., Brayer G.D. High-resolution three-demensional structure of horse heart cytochrome c. J. Mol. Biol. 1990, 214:585-595.
    • (1990) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.214 , pp. 585-595
    • Bushnell, G.W.1    Louie, G.V.2    Brayer, G.D.3
  • 62
    • 0031555377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1H NMR study of structurally relevant inter-segmental hydrogen bond in cytochrome c
    • Yamamoto Y. A 1H NMR study of structurally relevant inter-segmental hydrogen bond in cytochrome c. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1997, 1343:193-202.
    • (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1343 , pp. 193-202
    • Yamamoto, Y.1
  • 63
    • 0024686837 scopus 로고
    • The effect of multiple amino acid substitutions of the polypeptide backbone of tuna and horse cytochrome c
    • Gao Y., Lee D.J., Willians R.J.P., Willians G. The effect of multiple amino acid substitutions of the polypeptide backbone of tuna and horse cytochrome c. Eur. J. Biochem. 1989, 182:57-65.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.182 , pp. 57-65
    • Gao, Y.1    Lee, D.J.2    Willians, R.J.P.3    Willians, G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.