Retracted: α-GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr-1 + cells into the liver (European Journal of Immunology, (2010), 40, 5, (1328-1341), 10.1002/eji.200939594);α-GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr-1+ cells into the liver

European Journal of Immunology

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1328-1341

  Emoto, Masashi ^a,b   Emoto, Yoshiko ^a,b   Yoshizawa, Izumi ^b   Kita, Eiji ^c   Shimizu, Takamitsu ^a   Hurwitz, Robert ^b   Brinkmann, Volker ^b   Kaufmann, Stefan H E ^b  

^a GUNMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR INFECTION BIOLOGY   (Germany)

^c NARA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

L. Monocytogenes; NKT cell; galactosylceramide

Indexed keywords

ALPHA GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; CD11B ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 17;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL IMMUNITY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INFILTRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; INFLAMMATION; LISTERIOSIS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T CELL DEPLETION;

EID: 77951731887     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: 15214141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202070200     Document Type: Erratum

References (99)

1. Wing, E. J. and Gregory, S. H., Listeria monocytogenes: clinical and experimental update. J. Infect. Dis. 2002. 185: S18-S24.
2. Portnoy, D. A., Innate immunity to a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1992. 4: 20-24.
3. Unanue, E. R., Studies in listeriosis show the strong symbiosis between the innate cellular system and the T-cell response. Immunol. Rev. 1997. 158: 11-25.
4. North, R. J. and Conlan, J. W., Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. Chem. Immunol. 1998. 70: 1-20.
5. Gregory, S. H. and Wing, E. J., Neutrophil-Kupffer cell interaction in host defenses to systemic infections. Immunol. Today 1998. 19: 507-510.
6. Conlan, J.W. and North, R. J., Neutrophil-mediated dissolution of infected host cells as a defense strategy against a facultative intracellular bacterium. J. Exp. Med. 1991. 174: 741-744.
7. Conlan, J. W. and North, R. J., Neutrophils are essential for early anti-Listeria defense in the liver, but not in the spleen or peritoneal cavity, as revealed by a granulocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody. J. Exp. Med. 1994. 179: 259-268.
8. Gregory, S. H., Sagnimeni, A. J. and Wing, E. J., Bacteria in the bloodstream are trapped in the liver and killed by immigrating neutrophils. J. Immunol. 1996. 157: 2514-2520. (Pubitemid 126450464)
9. Schwarzenberger, P., Huang, W., Ye, P., Oliver, P., Manuel, M., Zhang, Z., Bagby, G. et al., Requirement of endogenous stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor for IL-17-mediated granulopoiesis. J. Immunol. 2000. 164: 4783-4789. (Pubitemid 30238080)
10. Fossiez, F., Banchereau, J., Murray, R., van Kooten, C., Garrone, P. and Lebecque, S., Interleukin-17. Int. Rev. Immunol. 1998. 16: 541-551.
11. Souza, L. M., Boone, T. C., Gabrilove, J., Lai, P. H., Zsebo, K. M., Murdock, D. C., Chazin, V. R. et al., Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Science 1986. 232: 61-65. (Pubitemid 16037976)
12. Kodo, H., Tajika, K., Takahashi, S., Ozawa, K., Asano, S. and Takaku, F., Acceleration of neutrophilic granulocyte recovery after bone-marrow transplantation by administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Lancet 1988. 2: 38-39.
13. Demetri, G. D. and Griffin, J. D., Granulocyte colony-stimulation factor and its receptor. Blood 1991. 78: 2791-2808.
14. Lieschke, G. J., Grail, D., Hodsgson, G., Metcalf, D., Stanley, E., Cheers, C., Fowler, K. J. et al., Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor have chronic neutropenia, granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cell deficiency, and impaired neutrophil mobilization. Blood 1994. 84: 1737-1746. (Pubitemid 24286121)
15. Fossiez, F., Djossou, O., Chomarat, P., Flores-Romo, L., Ait-Yahia, S., Maat, C., Pin, J. J. et al., T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J. Exp. Med. 1996. 183: 2593-2603.
16. Forlow, S. B., Schurr, J. R., Kolls, J. K., Bagby, G. J., Schwarzenberger, P. O. and Ley, K., Increased granulopoiesis through interleukin-17 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in leukocyte adhesion molecule-deficient mice. Blood 2001. 98: 3309-3314.
17. Ye, P., Rodriguez, F. H., Kanaly, S., Stocking, K. L., Schurr, J., Schwarzenberger, P., Oliver, P. et al., Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense. J. Exp. Med. 2001. 194: 519-527.
18. Schwarzenberger, P., La Russa, V., Miller, A., Ye, P., Huang,W., Zieske, A., Nelson, S. et al., IL-17 stimulates granulopoiesis in mice: use of an alternate, novel gene therapy-derived method for in vivo evaluation of cytokines. J. Immunol. 1998. 161: 6383-6389. (Pubitemid 28536015)
19. Hiromatsu, K., Yoshikai, Y., Matsuzaki, G., Ohga, S., Muramori, K., Matsumoto, K., Bluestone, J. A. et al., A protective role of γ/δ T cells in primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Exp. Med. 1992. 175: 49-56.
20. Mombaerts, P., Arnordi, J., Russ, F., Tonegawa, S. and Kaufmann, S. H. E., Different role of α β and γ/δ T cells in immunity against an intracellular bacterial pathogen. Nature 1993. 365: 53-56. (Pubitemid 23305567)
21. Ferrick, D. A., Schrenzel, M. D., Mulvania, T., Hsieh, B., Ferlin, W. G. and Lepper, H., Differential production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in response to Th1- and Th2-stimulating pathogens by γ/δ T cells in vivo. Nature 1995. 373: 255-257.
22. Emoto, M., Miyamoto, M., Emoto, Y., Zerrahn, J. and Kaufmann, S. H. E., A critical role of T-cell receptor γδ cells in antibacterial protection in mice early in life. Hepatology 2001. 33: 887-893. (Pubitemid 32246638)
23. Mackaness, G. P., Cellular resistance to infection. J. Exp. Med. 1962. 116: 381-406.
24. Bendelac, A., Savage, P. B. and Teyton, L., The biology of NKT cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2007. 25: 297-336.
25. Kawano, T., Cui, J., Koezuka, Y., Toura, I., Kaneko, Y., Motoki, K., Ueno, H. et al., CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of Vα14NKT cells by glycosylceramides. Science 1997. 278: 1626-1629. (Pubitemid 27516282)
26. Wu, D., Xing, G.-W., Poles, M. A., Horowitz, A., Kinjo, Y., Sullivan, B., Bodmer-Narkevitch, V. et al., Bacterial glycolipids and analogs as antigens for CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2005. 102: 1351-1356.
27. Kinjo, Y., Wu, D., Kim, G., Xing, G. W., Poles, M. A., Ho, D. D., Tsuji, M. et al., Recognition of bacterial glycosphingolipids by natural killer T cells. Nature 2005. 434: 520-525. (Pubitemid 40477061)
28. Mattner, J., Debord, K. L., Ismail, N., Goff, R. D., III, Cantu, C., Zhou, D., Saint-Mezard, P. et al., Exogenous and endogenous glycolipid antigens activate NKT cells during microbial infections. Nature 2005. 434: 525-529. (Pubitemid 40477062)
29. Sriram, V., Du, W., Gervay-Hague, J. and Brutkiewicz, R. R., Cell wall glycosphingolipids of Sphingomonas paucimobilis are CD1d-specific ligands for NKT cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2005. 35: 1692-1701.
30. Kinjo, Y., Tupin, E., Wu, D., Fujio, M., Garcia-Navarro, R., Benhnia, M. R., Zajonc, D. M. et al., Natural killer T cells recognize diacylglycerol antigens from pathogenic bacteria. Nat. Immunol. 2006. 7: 978-986.
31. Fischer, K., Scotet, E., Niemeyer, M., Koebernick, H., Zerrahn, J., Maillet, S., Hurwitz, R. et al., Mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannoside is a natural antigen for CD1d-restricted T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004. 101: 10685-10690.
32. Rauch, J., Gumperz, J., Robinson, C., Sköld, M., Roy, C., Young, D. C., Lafleur, M. et al., Structural features of the acyl chain determine self-phospholipid antigen recognition by a CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cell. J. Biol. Chem. 2003. 278: 47508-47515.
33. Zhou, D., Mattner, J., III, Cantu, C., Schrantz, N., Yin, N., Gao, Y., Sagiv, Y. et al., Lysosomal glycosphingolipid recognition by NKT cells. Science 2004. 306: 1786-1789. (Pubitemid 39601398)
34. Porubsky, S., Speak, A. O., Luckow, B., Cerundolo, V., Platt, F. M. and Gröne, H. J., Normal development and function of invariant natural killer T cells in mice with isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007. 104: 5977-5982.
35. - thymocytes with specific lymphokine secretion. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993. 23: 307-310.
36. pos T cells promptly produce interleukin 4 in response to in vivo challenge with anti-CD3. J. Exp. Med. 1994. 179: 1285-1295.
37. Emoto, M. and Kaufmann, S. H. E., Liver NKT cells: an account of heterogeneity. Trends Immunol. 2003. 24: 364-369. (Pubitemid 36830962)
38. 2-microglobulin and NK1.1 expression. Int. Immunol. 1995. 7: 1729-1739.
39. intermediate liver lymphocytes are down-regulated by Listeria monocytogenes. Eur. J. Immunol. 1995. 25: 3321-3325.
40. + natural killer T cells by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin. Eur. J. Immunol. 1999. 29: 650-659.
41. Kawano, T., Cui, J., Koezuka, Y., Toura, I., Kaneko, Y., Sato, H., Kondo, E. et al., Natural killer-like nonspecific tumor cell lysis mediated by specific ligand-activated Vα14 NKT cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998. 95: 5690-5693.
42. Smyth, J. M., Thia, K. Y. T., Street, S. E. A., Cretney, E., Trapani, J. A., Taniguchi, M., Kawano, T. et al., Differential tumor surveillance by natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. J. Exp. Med. 2000. 191: 661-668.
43. Hong, S., Wilson, M. T., Serizawa, I., Wu, L., Singh, N., Naidenko, O. V., Miura, T. et al., The natural killer T-cell ligand α- galactosylceramide prevents autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Nat. Med. 2001. 7: 1052-1056.
44. Sharif, S., Arreaza, G. A., Zucker, P., Mi, Q. S., Sondhi, J., Naidenko, O. V., Kronenberg, M. et al., Activation of natural killer T cells by a-galactosylceramide treatment prevents the onset and recurrence of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes. Nat. Med. 2001. 7: 1057-1062.
45. Singh, A. K., Wilson, M. T., Hong, S., Olivares-Villagomez, D., Du, C., Stanic, A. K., Joyce, S. et al., Natural killer T cell activation protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 2001. 194: 1801-1811.
46. Teige, A., Teige, I., Lavasani, S., Bockermann, R., Mondoc, E., Holmdahl, R. and Issazadeh-Navikas, S., CD1-dependent regulation of chronic central nervous system inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 2004. 172: 186-194. (Pubitemid 38020471)
47. Exley, M. A., Bigley, N. J., Cheng, O., Tahir, S. M., Smiley, S. T., Carter, Q. L., Stills, H. F. et al., CD1d-reactive T-cell activation leads to amelioration of disease caused by diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2001. 69: 713-718.
48. Kakimi, K., Guidotti, L. G., Koezuka, Y. and Chisari, F. V., Natural killer T cell activation inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 2000. 192: 921-930.
49. Grubor-Bauk, B., Simmons, A., Mayrhofer, G. and Speck, P. G., Impaired clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 from mice lacking CD1d or NKT cells expressing the semivariant Vα14-Jα281 TCR. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 1430-1434. (Pubitemid 36139511)
50. Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, G., de Oliveira, C., Tomaska, M., Hong, S., Bruna-Romero, O., Nakayama, T., Taniguchi, M. et al., α- galactosylceramide-activated Vα14 natural killer T cells mediate protection against murine malaria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000. 97: 8461-8466.
51. Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, G., van Kaer, L., Bergmann, C. C., Wilson, J. M., Schmieg, J., Kronenberg, M., Nakayama, T. et al., Natural killer T cell ligand α-galactosylceramide enhances protective immunity induced by malaria vaccines. J. Exp. Med. 2002. 195: 617-624.
52. Kumar, H., Belperron, A., Barthold, S. W. and Bockenstedt, L. K., CD1d deficiency impairs murine host defense against the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Immunol. 2000. 165: 4797-4801.
53. Nieuwenhuis, E. E., Matsumoto, T., Exley, M., Schleipman, R. A., Glickman, J., Bailey, D. T., Corazza, N. et al., CD1d-dependent macrophage-mediated clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from lung. Nat. Med. 2002. 8: 588-593.
54. Schmieg, J., Yang, G., Franck, R. W. and Tsuji, M., Superior protection against malaria and melanoma metastases by a C-glycoside analogue of the natural killer T cell ligand α-galactosylceramide. J. Exp. Med. 2003. 198: 1631-1641.
55. + natural killer T cells by α-galactosylceramide results in development of Th1 response and local host resistance in mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 2001. 69: 213-220.
56. - T-cell subset after bacterial infection. Infect. Immun. 2006. 74: 5903-5913.
57. Matsuda, J. L., Naidenko, O. V., Gapin, L., Nakayama, T., Taniguchi, M., Wang, C. R., Koezuka, Y. et al., Tracking the response of natural killer T cells to glycolipid antigens using CD1d tetramer. J. Exp. Med. 2000. 192: 741-754.
58. Crowe, N. Y., Uldrich, A. P., Kyparissoudis, K., Hammond, K. J., Hayakawa, Y., Sidobre, S., Keating, R. et al., Glycolipid antigen drives rapid expansion and sustained cytokine production by NK T cells. J. Immunol. 2003. 171: 4020-4027. (Pubitemid 37238677)
59. Harada, M., Seino, K., Wakao, H., Sakata, S., Ishizuka, Y., Ito, T., Kojo, S. et al., Down-regulation of the invariant Vα14 antigen receptor in NKT cells upon activation. Int. Immunol. 2004. 16: 241-247.
60. Wilson, M. T., Johansson, C., Olivares-Villagomez, D., Singh, A. K., Stanic, A. K., Wang, C. R., Joyce, S. et al., The response of natural killer T cells to glycolipid antigens is characterized by surface receptor down-modulation and expansion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003. 100: 10913-10918.
61. Eberl, G. and MacDonald, H. R., Selective induction of NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by activated NKT cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000. 30: 985-992.
62. Fujii, S., Shimizu, K., Kronenberg, M. and Steinman, R. M., Prolonged IFN-γproducing NKT response induced with α-galactosylceramide-loaded DCs. Nat. Immunol. 2002. 3: 867-874.
63. Motsinger, A., Haas, D. W., Stanic, A. K., van Kaer, L., Joyce, S. and Unutmaz, D., CD1d-restricted human natural killer T cells are highly susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. J. Exp. Med. 2002. 195: 869-879.
64. Osman, Y., Kawamura, T., Naito, T., Takeda, K., van Kaer, L., Okumura, K. and Abo, T., Activation of hepatic NKT cells and subsequent liver injury following administration of α-galactosylceramide. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000. 30: 1919-1928.
65. Emoto, M., Yoshizawa, I., Emoto, Y., Takahashi, Y., Hurwitz, R., Miamoto, M. and Kaufman, S. H. E., Reversible NK1.1 surface expression on invariant liver natural killer T cells during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Microb. Infect. 2007. 9: 1511-1520.
66. Seiler, P., Aichele, P., Raupach, B., Odermatt, B., Steinhoff, U. and Kaufmann, S. H. E., Rapid neutrophil response controls fast-replicating intracellular bacteria but not slow-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 2000. 181: 671-680.
67. Miyamoto, M., Emoto, M., Emoto, Y., Brinkmann, V., Yoshizawa, I., Seiler, P., Aichele, P. et al., Neutrophilia in LFA-1-deficient mice confers resistance to listeriosis: possible contribution of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and IL-17. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 5228-5234. (Pubitemid 36554756)
68. Kishimoto, T. K., Jutila, M. A., Berg, E. L. and Butcher, E. C., Neutrophil Mac-1 and MEL-14 adhesion proteins inversely regulated by chemotactic factors. Science 1989. 245: 1238-1241.
69. Carnaud, C., Lee, D., Donnars, O., Park, S., Beavis, A., Koezuka, Y. and Bendelac, A., Cross-talk between cells of the innate immune system: NKT cells rapidly activate NK cells. J. Immunol. 1999. 163: 4647-4650. (Pubitemid 29501223)
70. + T cells for the antitumor immunity induced in the liver of mice by α-galactosylceramide. J. Immunol. 2004. 172: 6550-6557.
71. Leite-de-Moraes, M. C., Lisbonnel, M., Arnould, A., Machavoine, F., Herbelin, A., Dy, M. and Schneider, E., Ligand-activated natural killer T lymphocytes promptly produce IL-3 and GM-CSF in vivo: relevance to peripheral myeloid recruitment. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002. 32: 1897-1904.
72. Niemeyer, M., Darmoise, A., Mollenkopf, H.-J., Hahnke, K., Hurwitz, R., Besra, G. S., Schaible, U. E. et al., Natural killer T-cell characterization through gene expression profiling: an account of versatility bridging T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 immune responses. Immunology 2007. 123: 45-56. (Pubitemid 350255998)
73. neg iNKT cell population involved in airway neutrophilia. J. Exp. Med. 2007. 204: 995-1001.
74. Zhan, Y., Lieschke, G. J., Grail, D., Dunn, A. R. and Cheers, C., Essential roles for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and G-CSF in the sustained hematopoietic response of Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice. Blood 1998. 91: 863-869. (Pubitemid 28078288)
75. Hamada, S., Umemura, M., Shiono, T., Tanaka, K., Yahagi, A., Begum, M. D., Oshiro, K. et al., IL-17A produced by γ/δ T cells plays a critical role in innate immunity against Listeria monocytogenes infection in the liver. J. Immunol. 2008. 181: 3456-3463.
76. Dinauer, M. C., Deck, M. B. and Unanue, E. R., Mice lacking reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity show increased susceptibility to early infection with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 1997. 158: 5581-5583.
77. Varani, J. and Ward, P. A., Mechanisms of endothelial cell injury in acute inflammation. Shock 1994. 2: 311-319.
78. Payne, C. M., Glasser, L., Tischler, M. E, Wyckoff, D., Cromey, D., Fiederlein, R. and Bohnert, O., Programmed cell death of the normal human neutrophil: an in vitro model of senescence. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1994. 28: 327-344.
79. Holmberg, L. A. and Ault, K. A., Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes-induced murine natural killer cells. Immunol. Res. 1986. 5: 50-60.
80. Bancroft, G. J., Schreiber, R. D., Bosma, G. C., Bosma, M. J. and Unanue, E. R., A T cell-independent mechanism of macrophage activation by interferon-γ. J. Immunol. 1987. 139: 1104-1107. (Pubitemid 17125059)
81. Huang, S., Hendriks, W., Althage, A., Hemmi, S., Bluethmann, H., Kamijo, R., Vilcek J. et al., Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-γ receptor. Science 1993. 259: 1742-1745. (Pubitemid 23114659)
82. Harty, J. T. and Bevan, M. J., Specific immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in the absence of IFN γ. Immunity 1995. 3: 109-117.
83. Bancroft, G. J, Schreiber, R. D and Unanue, E. R., Natural immunity: a T-cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation, defined in the scid mouse. Immunol. Rev. 1991. 124: 5-24.
84. + cells are early IFN-γ producers but impair resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J. Immunol. 1994. 152: 1873-1882.
85. Cheers, C. and Wood, P., Listeriosis in beige mice and their heterozygous littermates. Immunology 1984. 51: 711-717. (Pubitemid 14165231)
86. Zychlinsky, A., Karim, M., Nonacs, R. and Young, J. D., A homogeneous population of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is incapable of killing virus-, bacteria-, or parasite-infected macrophages. Cell. Immunol. 1990.125: 261-267.
87. Schultheis, R. J. and Kearns, R. J., In vivo administration of anti-asialo-GM1 antibody enhances splenic clearance of Listeria monocytogenes. Nat. Immun. Cell Growth Regul. 1990. 9: 376-386.
88. Takada, H., Matsuzaki, G., Hiromatsu, K. and Nomoto, K., Analysis of the role of natural killer cells in Listeria monocytogenes infection: relation between natural killer cells and T-cell receptor γ/δ T cells in the host defence mechanism at the early stage of infection. Immunology 1994. 82: 106-112.
89. Serushago, B. A., Yoshikai, Y., Handa, T., Mitsuyama, M., Muramori, K. and Nomoto, K., Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) on murine resistance against Listeria monocytogenes. Immunology 1992. 75: 475-480.
90. Kayashima, S., Tsuru, S., Hata, N. and Rokutanda, M., Therapeutic effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the protection against Listeria infection in SCID mice. Immunology 1993. 80: 471-476. (Pubitemid 23336699)
91. Delarbre, C. and Gachelin, G., Injection of the immuno-modulatory drug α-galactosylceramide results in the recruitment of a large population of antigen-presenting cells into the liver of C57BL/6mice. Microb. Infect. 2004. 6: 360-368.
92. + natural killer T cell-mediated host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in murine lungs. Microb. Infect. 2007. 9: 364-374.
93. Haak-Frendscho, M., Brown, J. F., Iizawa, Y., Wagner, R. D. and Czuprynski, C. J., Administration of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody 11B11 increases the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J. Immunol. 1992. 148: 3978-3985.
94. Szalay, G., Ladel, C. H., Blum, C. and Kaufmann, S. H. E., IL-4 neutralization or TNF-α treatment ameliorates disease by a bacterial Th1 pathogen in IFNγ receptor deficient mice. J. Immunol. 1996. 157: 4746-4750.
95. Wagner, R. D. and Czuprynski, C. J., Cytokine mRNA expression in livers of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 1993. 53: 525-532.
96. +NKT cells to the liver. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000. 30: 3049-3056.
97. + liver T lymphocytes. Int. Immunol. 1997. 9: 563-571.
98. Liu, J., Liu, Z., Chuai, S. and Shen, X., Phospholipase C and phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinase signaling are involved in the exogenous arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2003. 74: 428-437.
99. Gemmell, C. G. and Ford, C. W., Virulence factor expression by Grampositive cocci exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of linezolid. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2002. 50: 665-672.