Objects with reduced visibility still contribute to size averaging

Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 86-99

  Choo, H ^a   Franconeri, S L ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EYE FIXATION; HUMAN; PERCEPTION; VISION; VISUAL ACUITY;

FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; SIZE PERCEPTION; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 77949332560     PISSN: 19433921     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/APP.72.1.86     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. ARIELY, D. (2001). Seeing sets: Representation by statistical properties. Psychological Science, 12, 157-162.
2. ARIELY, D. (2008). Better than average? When can we say that subsampling of items is better than statistical summary representations. Perception A Psychophysics, 70, 1325-1326.
3. BALDASSI, S., & BURR, D. C. (2000). Feature-based integration of orientation signals in visual search. Vision Research, 40, 1293-1300.
4. BAUER, B. (2009). The danger of trial-by-trial knowledge of results in perceptual average studies. Attention, Perception, A Psychophysics, 71, 655-665.
5. BOUMA, H. (1970). Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
6. BOUMA, H. (1973). Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words. Vision Research, 13, 767-782.
7. BRAINARD, D. H. (1997). The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10, 433-436.
8. BREITMEYER, B. G., & GANZ, L. (1976). Implication of sustained and transient channels for theories of visual pattern masking, saccadic suppression, and information processing. Psychological Review, 83, 1-36.
9. BUSCH, A., & MÜLLER, H. J. (2004). The Ebbinghaus illusion modulates visual search for size-defined targets: Evidence for preattentive processing of apparent object size. Perception A Psychophysics, 66, 475-495.
10. CARLSON, T. A., RAUSCHENBERGER, R., & VERSTRATEN, F. A. (2007). No representation without awareness in the lateral occipital cortex. Psychological Science, 18, 298-302.
11. CHEN, Z., & TREISMAN, A. (2009). Implicit perception and level of processing in object-substitution masking. Psychological Science, 20, 560-567.
12. CHONG, S. C., Joo, S. J., EMMANOUIL, T., & TREISMAN, A. (2008). Statistical processing: Not so implausible after all. Perception A Psychophysics, 70, 1327-1334.
13. CHONG, S. C., & TREISMAN, A. (2003). Representation of statistical properties. Vision Research, 43, 393-404.
14. CHONG S. C., & TREISMAN, A. (2005a). Attentional spread in the statistical processing of visual displays. Perception A Psychophysics, 67, 1-13.
15. CHONG, S. C., & TREISMAN, A. (2005b). Statistical processing: Computing the average size in perceptual groups. Vision Research, 45, 891-900.
16. COHEN, L., DEHAENE, S., NACCACHE, L., LEHÉRICY, S., DEHAENE-LAMBERTZ, G., HÉNAFF, M. A., & MICHEL, F. (2000). The visual word form area: Spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain, 123, 291-307.
17. DESJMONE, R., & SCHEIN, S. J. (1987). Visual properties of neurons in area V4 of the macaque: Sensitivity to stimulus form. Journal of Neuro-physiology, 57, 835-868.
18. DESIMONE, R., SCHEIN, S. J., MORAN, J., & UNGERLEIDER, L. G. (1985). Contour, color and shape analysis beyond the striate cortex. Vision Research, 25, 441-452.
19. DI LOLLO, V. ( 1980). Temporal integration in visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 75-97.
20. DI LOLLO, V., ENNS, J. T., & RENSINK, R. A. (2000). Competition for consciousness among visual events: The psychophysics of reentrant visual processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 481-507.
21. DI LOLLO, V., ENNS, J. T., & RENSINK, R A. (2002). Object substitution without reentry? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 594-596.
22. DUNCAN, J., & HUMPHREYS, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433-458.
23. ENNS, J. T. (2004). Object substitution and its relation to other forms of visual masking. Vision Research, 44, 1321-1331.
24. ENNS, J. T. (2008). Object substitution masking. Scholarpedia, 3, 3329.
25. ENNS, J. T.,& DI LOLLO, V. (1997). Object substitution: A new form of visual masking in unattended visual locations. Psychological Science, 8, 135-139.
26. GILBERT, C., ITO, M., KAPADIA, M., & WESTHEIMER, G. (2000). Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary visual cortex. Vision Research, 40, 1217-1226.
27. IM, H. Y., & CHONG, S. C. (2009). Computation of mean size is based on perceived size. Attention, Perception, A Psychophysics, 71, 375-384.
28. INTRILLIGATOR, J., & CAVANAGH, P. (2001). The spatial resolution of visual attention. Cognitive Psychology, 43, 171-216.
29. JIANG, Y., & CHUN, M. M. (2001a). Asymmetric object substitution masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception A Performance, 27, 895-918.
30. JIANG, Y., & CHUN, M. M. (2001b). The spatial gradient of visual masking by object substitution. Vision Research, 41, 3121-3131.
31. KAHNEMAN, D. ( 1968). Method, findings, and theory in studies of visual masking. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 404-425.
32. KEYSERS, C., & PERRETT, D. I. (2002). Visual masking and RSVP reveal neural competition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 120-125.
33. KOLERS, P. A. (1968). Some psychological aspects of pattern recognition. In P. A. Kolers & M. Eden (Eds.), Recognizing patterns. Cambridge, MA: MTT Press.
34. KOURTZI, Z., & KANWISHER, N. (2001). Representation of perceived object shape by the human latéral occipital complex. Science, 293, 1506-1509.
35. KULIKOWSKI, J. J., & BISHOP, P. O. (1981). Fourier analysis and spatial representation in the visual cortex. Experientia, 37, 160-163.
36. LUIGA, I., & BACHMANN, T. (2007). Different effects of the two types of spatial pre-cuing: What precisely is "attention" in Di Lollo'S and Enns' substitution masking theory? Psychological Research, 71, 634-640.
37. MICHAELS, C. F., & TURVEY, M. T. (1979). Central sources of visual masking: Indexing structures supporting seeing at a single, brief glance. Psychological Research, 41, 2-61.
38. MOORE, C. M., & LLERAS, A. (2005). On the role of object representations in substitution masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception A Performance, 31, 1171-1180.
39. MOTTER, B. C. (2002). Crowding and object integration within the receptive field ofV4 neurons [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 2 (7, Abstract 274), 274a. doi: 10.1167/2.7.274
40. MURRAY, S. O., BOYACI, H., & KERSTEN, D. (2006). The representation of perceived angular size in human primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 429-434.
41. MYCZEK, K., & SIMONS, D. J. (2008). Better than average: Alternatives to statistical summary representations for rapid judgments of average size. Perception A Psychophysics, 70, 772-788.
42. OLIVA, A., & TORRALBA, A. (2006). Building the gist of a scene: The role of global image features in recognition. Progress in Brain Research, 155, 23-36
43. PARKES, L., LUND, J., ANGELUCCI, A., SOLOMON, J. A., & MORGAN, M. (2001). Compulsory averaging of crowded orientation signals in human vision. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 739-744.
44. PELLI, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437-442.
45. PELLI, D. G., PALOMARES, M., & MAJAJ, N. J. (2004). Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: Distinguishing feature integration from detection. Journal of Vision, 4(12, Art. 12), 1136-1169.
46. PIÑON, M. C., GATTASS, R., & SOUSA, A. P. (1998). Area V4 in Cebus monkey: Extent and visuotopic organization. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 685-701.
47. REISS, J. E., & HOFFMAN, J. E (2006). Object substitution masking interferes with semantic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychological Science, 17, 1015-1020.
48. REISS, J. E, & HOFFMAN, J. E. (2007). Disruption of early face recognition processes by object substitution masking. Visual Cognition, 15, 789-798.
49. SANOCKI, T., & SULMAN, N. (2009). Priming of simple and complex scene layout: Rapid function from the intermediate level. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception A Performance, 35, 735-749.
50. SIMONS, D. J., & MYCZEK, K. (2008). Average size perception and the allure of a new mechanism. Perception A Psychophysics, 70, 1135-1336.
51. SNODGRASS, J. G., & CORWIN, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 34-50.
52. SPENCER, T. J., & SHUNTICH, R. (1970). Evidence for an interruption theory of backward masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85, 198-203.
53. TOET, A., & LEVI, D. M. (1992). The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea. Vision Research, 32, 1349-1357.
54. TREISMAN, A. M., & GELADE, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12,97-136.
55. TURVEY, M. T. (1973). On peripheral and central processes in vision: Inferences from an information-processing analysis of masking with patterned stimuli. Psychological Review, 81,1-52.
56. WEISSTEIN, N., OZOG, G., & Szoc, R. (1975). A comparison and elaboration of two models of metacontrast Psychological Review, 82, 325-343.
57. WOODMAN, G. F., & LUCK, S. J. (2003). Dissociations among attention, perception, and awareness during object-substitution masking. Psychological Science, 14, 605-611.